药剂学英文名词解释整理

1.What is pharmaceutics? How many branches of pharmaceutics ?

2.What is a drug? Give some examples

A drug is defined as an agent intended for use in the diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure, or prevention of disease in humans or in other animals.

药物是有目的地用于诊断、缓解、治疗、治愈或预防人类或动物疾病的物质。

●Emetic (induce vomiting催吐剂) and antiemetic (prevent vomiting止吐剂) drugs

●Diuretic drugs (increase the flow of urine利尿剂)

●Expectorant drugs (increase respiratory tract fluid除痰剂)

●Cathartics or laxatives (evacuate the bowel泻药)

●Other drugs decrease the flow of urine, diminish body secretions, or induce constipation (便

秘)

Drug standards

●The united states pharmacopeia (药典) and the national formulary (国家药品标准)

●Pharmakon, meaning “drug”; poiein, meaning “make”;

●The combination indicates any recipe or formula or other standards required to make or

prepare a drug.

●Organized sets of monographs or books of these standards are called pharmacopeias or

formularies.

International Organization for standardization (ISO)

is an international consortium of representative bodies constituted to develop and promote uniform or harmonized international standards.

国际标准化组织是一个代表性的国际联合会，其设立是为了发展和增进国际标准的均一性和协调性。

ISO 9000-ISO9004 used in the pharmaceutical industry

●ISO included standards pertaining to development, production, quality assurance, quality

control, detection of defective products, quality management, and other issues as product safety and liability.

●ISO 包括标准适合开发、生产、质量保证、质量控制、缺陷产品的检测、质量管理和

其他如产品安全性和责任的问题。

●Internationally recognized quality- management system.

Prodrugs

is a term used to describe a compound that requires metabolic biotransformation after administration to produce the desired pharmacologically active compound.

(前体药物使之能够在给药后经体代谢性生物转化成具有期望的药理活性化合物的化合物。）

a lead compound

is a prototype（原形化学物质）chemical compound that has a fundamental desired biologic or pharmacologic activity.

（先导化合物是一种具有生物学和药理学活性基本要求的原型化学物质。）

a goal drug

In theory, a “goal drug”

●would produce the specifically desired effect,

●be administered by the most desired route (generally orally) at minimal dosage and dosing

frequency,

●have optimal onset and duration of activity,

理论上，目标药物应能通过最理想的途径（通常为口服）以最小的剂量和给药频率给药，能产生特异的期望疗效，具有最理想的起效和持续时间，

●exhibit no side effects,

●following its desired effect would be eliminated from the body efficiently, completely, and

without residual effect.

●it would be easily produced at low cost,

●be pharmaceutically elegant,

●physically and chemically stable under various conditions of use and storage.

●（无副作用，并在发挥疗效后能完全有效地从体消除，且无残留效应。它应该易于生产，

费用低，制剂产品美观，在不同的使用和贮藏条件下物理和化学上稳定。）

5(知)

●Pharmacodynamics is the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and

their mechanisms of action.

●Pharmacokinetics deals with the absorption, distribution, metabolism or biotransformation,

and excretion of drugs.