江苏省前黄高级中学、如东高级中学等五校2018届高三上学期第一次学情监测地理试题+Word版含答案
江苏省南京市多校2018届高三地理上学期第一次段考试题

2018届高三年级上学期第一次段考地理试卷姓名_________ 班级 ______ 考试号_____________ 座位号 ____ 注意事项:1•本试卷共120分。
考试时间100分钟。
2•请将答案按要求填涂在答题卷上。
一、单项选择题:本大题共18小题,每小题2分,共计36分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
半边房(下图)是陕西关中地区的特色民居之一,当地盛传“乡间房子半边盖。
省工省钱省木材,遮风避雨又御寒,肥水不留外人田”的说法,据此完成1-2题。
1.半边房门前种植落叶阔叶树可能是为了A.春季防风固沙B.夏季遮荫纳凉C.秋季截水增湿D.冬季挡风遮雨2.北京时间12: 48,该房屋的影子朝向正北,则该房屋的经度大约是A.108° EB. 132° EC. 102° ED. 108° W右图为某地区近地面天气系统示意图(实线所示),图中虚线为12小时后天气系统所在位置。
读图完成3—4题。
3.甲地未来12小时风向的变化是A.偏南风一西北风B.西南风一东南风C.东南风f东北风D.偏东风偏北风4.甲地未來12小时天气的变化是A・暧锋过境,出现降雨天气B.冷锋过境,出现雨雪天气C.气旋控制,天气转阴D.反气旋控制,天气晴朗张家界世界地质公园地貌类型多样,其峰林地貌是以砂岩为原料“雕刻”而成的(下左图)。
下右图是地壳物质循环示意图(图中a、b、c, d表示岩浆及各类岩石)。
据图回答5-6 题。
5.构成张家界世界地质公园地貌的岩石属于右图中的A. aB. bC. cD. d6.“雕刻”该地貌的地质作用是右图中的A.①B.②C.③D.④C.人口数量最少的年份是1992年D.人口总量最多的年份是2013年读某地地层剖面示意图,回答第7-8题。
7.图中各岩层的形成,按由先到后顺序排列正确的是A. (3)---②---①---④B.①---(3)——②一-④C.②——①——③——④D.①——②——③——④&下列说法正确的是① 4时a 、b 地表形态差异的原因是岩层年代不同 ② 1“时a 、b 地表形态差异的原因是地质作用的差异 ③ 地表由Li 演化为L?过程中,经历了下降运动④ 地表由4演化为5过程中,伴随着图中褶皱的产生 E3麗侵入型岩浆岩E 变质岩・•・凤化物A.①②B.③④C.①④D.②③完成9-10题。
(新高三)江苏五校2018届高三上学期第一次学情监测英语

江苏省前黄高级中学、如东高级中学、姜堰中学2018届高三上学期第一次学情监测英语试题第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)21.According to the rule of the game,students should give a truthful answer with the reality of their world.A.relevantB.flexibleC.authenticD.consistent22.It was in the early1990s that cartoons began to take off in China,there were only picture-story books.A.whereB.whenC.after thatD.before which23.---It’s really a surprise that I happened to meet Will,my old schoolmate in the art gallery last week.---If my memory serves me right,you each other for more than a decade.A.haven’t seenB.hadn’t seenC.didn’t seeD.don’t see24.As our teacher often puts it,to key universities those who will never give up halfway.A.being admitted;areB.admitting;isC.admitted;areD.to be admitted;is25.---Excuse me,I’d like to know more details on how the course is arranged?---Well,the course is made up of36two-hour,which will mainly be given in the evenings or on weekends.A.sessionsB.curriculaC.termsD.criteria26.Much to their annoyance,their car engine trouble,the young couple had to put up at a roadside rest area for the night.A.developedB.being developedC.having developedD.to develop27.The modern age of science and technology has witnessed an increased combination of the world,which requires us to the intention of international co-operation into action.A.translateB.innovateC.involveD.classify28.The great interest in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in oursociety that all children,their conditions,deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.A.howB.whatC.whateverD.however29.To report an event responsibly,a journalist must not only make sense of earlier reports,but also his report in the long term.A.allow forB.follow upC.catch onD.switch to30.The French may not much like their young president.But they have to find anyone they like better.A.yetB.stillC.otherwiseD.nonetheless31.Don’t be angry any more.l,m sure he ignored you by accident and not.A.by chanceB.by designC.by mistakeD.by force32.Happiness is you think,what you say and what you do are in harmony.A.whatB.where whatC.when whatD.that33.---How do you find the club?---I it.Everyone is saying its management is going from bad to worse.A.couldn’t have joinedB.might have joinedC.would rather not have joinedD.would like to have joined34.The newly-elected ministers should understand that with the great honor of being government officials of this nationgreat responsibility.esB.is comingC.have comeD.will come35.---That was rather a tough question.How did you get it right?---To tell the truth,I just.A.burnt the midnight oilB.was left to sink or swimC.played it safeD.took a shot in the dark第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)I don’t know why I came to the decision to become a loser,but I know I made the36at a young age.Sometime in the middle of fourth grade,I37trying.By the time I was in seventh grade,I was lazy,rebellious,38.It wasn’t long after that I dropped out of school.Hard physical labor was the39for the choices I made as an adolescent.At the age of21,I was40lost,and using drugs as a way to41the fact that I had no education and was42in a dead-end job carrying heavy construction materials up a ladder all day.43,now I believe in do-overs,in the chance to do it all again.And I believe that do-overs can be made at any 44in your life,if you have the right45.Mine came from a surprising source.It was September21,2002,when my son Blake was born.It’s funny that after a life of46responsibility,now1 was in charge of something so47.Over the years,as I grew into the48of Dad,I began to learn something about myself.In a way,Blake and I were both learning to walk,talk,work and play for the first time.I began my do-over.It took me almost three years to learn how to read.I started with my son’s books.49,I practiced reading books to him until I remembered all the words in every one of them.I began to wonder if it were possible for me to go back to school.I knew I wanted to be a good role50,so after a year-and-a-half and a lot of hard work,I51my GED test on my son’s fourth birthday.This may not sound like much,and I’m surely not trying to get praise for doing something that should have been done52,but all things considered it was one of the best days in my life.Today,I’m a full-time college student,studying to53sociologist.It’s funny,growing up I always heard these great54stories of triumph over shortcomings.But I never thought they55to me.Now I believe it’s a choice anyone can make:to do it all over again.36.A.determination B.wish C.application D.choice37.A.started B.stopped C.considered D.fancied38.A.skeptical B.defensive C.disrespectful D.suspicious39.A.consequence promise pensation petence40.A.alternatively B.hopelessly C.approximately D.undoubtedly41.A.do with B.deal with C.conflict with D.meet with42.A.struck B.stuck C.lost D.taken43.A.Nevertheless B.Meanwhile C.Furthermore D.Therefore44.A.cost er C.point D.occasion45.A.ambition B.technique C.opportunity D.motivation46.A.avoiding B.preventing C.undertaking D.overcoming47.A.flexible B.enterprising C.fragile D.authentic B.statue C.title D.career49.A.By and by B.Over and over C.Back and forward D.Now and then50.A.model B.leader C.example D.tutor51.A.got through B.went through C.pull through b through52.A.for the first time B.in the first place C.at first hand D.in first place53.A.become B.turn C.grow D.make54.A.turn-around B.take-off C.pull-out D.turn-off55.A.appealed B.applied C.attached D.adapted第三部分阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)ANEW YEAR’S RESOLUTION THAT LASTSLet’s say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year.How do you make that happen?Consider putting the habit loop to use.Here’s how it works:A habit is a3-step process.First,there’s a cue,something that tells your brain to operate automatically.Then there’s a routine.And finally,a reward,which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior.It’s what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own.Here’s how to apply it:Choose a cue,like leaving your running shoes by the door,then pick a reward---say,a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym.That way,the cue and the reward become interconnected.Finally,when you see the shoes,your brain will start longing for the reward,which will make it easier to work out day after day.The best part?In a couple of weeks, you won’t need the chocolate at all.Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward.Which is the whole point,right?56.Which of the following best fits in the box with a“?”in THE HABIT LOOP?A.Pick a new cue.C.Choose a new reward.B.Form a new habit.D.Design a new resolution.57.What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A.To test out different kinds of cues.B.To work out the best New Year's resolution.C.To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.D.To do something as a habit even without rewards.BAfter my pubic lectures on evolution,someone in the audience asks,“Are we still evolving?”People want to know if humans are getting taller,smarter,better looking or more athletic.My answer is truthful but disappointing:We’re almost certainly evolving,but we don’t know in what direction or how fast.We’ve seen some evolution in our species over the past few millennia(千年),but it was detected by reconstructing history from DNA sequences.For example,we know that during the past10,000years,several populations of humans—those keeping sheep,cows or goats for milk~gained the ability to digest dairy products.This trait was useless in our earlier ancestors who,after babyhood,never encountered milk.And in the past3,000years,Tibetans have acquired genetic adaptations that allowed them to develop well in their high-altitude,low-oxygen home.But these well-documented changes are limited to particular populations,so the evidence for recent evolution of our entire species,remains not much.The authors of“Evolving Ourselves”disagree.Not only,they claim,are we evolving faster than ever,but we’re doing it to ourselves.Juan Enriquez and Steve Gullans argue that humans have controlled evolution—not just in our own species but virtually in all species:“For better or worse,we are increasingly in charge.We are the primary drivers of change.We will directly and indirectly determine what lives,what dies,where,and when.We are in a different phase of evolution:the future of life is now in our hands.”According to the authors,we’ve replaced natural selection with what they call“unnatural selection.”Overfishing,for example,has reduced the average size of many fish species,for taking the biggest fish selects in favor of those that reproduce when younger and smaller.Yet while there’s no doubt that we’re changing the planet,the claim that we're completely changing evolution on the planet does not follow.Let’s take those fish that are evolving to reproduce smaller and younger.This phenomenon has been documented in many species that we eat,but this is just a minuscule fraction(极小的一部分)of the30,000known species of fish.The authors speak with unwarranted assurance about how our species is evolving in response to nearly everything. When they assert,for example,our ingestion(摄取)of drugs and exposure to chemicals mean that“our children’s brains are evolving fast,”they are overplaying their hand and abusing the word“evolution.”Out children’s brains may be changing fast in response to the new pharmacological(药理学的)environment,but change alone is not evolution.58.The two examples in Paragraph2are given to.A.show in what direction humans evolveB.explain the importance of DNA sequencesC.illustrate the evidence for evolution of our entire species is insufficientD.demonstrate how slow humans have evolved over the past few millennia59.The authors of“Evolving Ourselves”claim that.A.humans dominate the future of other lifeB.fish become smaller because of natural selectionC.humans are to blame for changing the planet for the worseD.the boundary between natural selection and unnatural selection is unfixed60.What is the major question discussed in the passage?A.Are humans still evolving?B.Is unnatural selection powerful?C.Are humans the main driver of evolution?D.Does evolution require many genetic changes?CDishonesty is a slippery slope.If you behave dishonestly once,you may become more likely to do so again in the future,a new study from England showed.The reason may be that the brain grows less sensitive to self-serving dishonest behavior over time,the researcher said.In the study,the researchers asked80adults aged18to65to advise a second person about the amount of money in a glass jar of pennies.In several of the trials,conditions made sure dishonesty benefited the participants.For example,the researchers might promise the participants a higher reward if their partners overestimated the number of pennies in the jar.People’s dishonesty escalated(升级)over the course of these trials.“This study is the first experimental evidence that dishonest behavior escalates,”said Neil Garrett,the lead author of the study and an experimental psychology researcher at University College London.With25of the participants,the researchers conducted the penny-jar experiments while a functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)machine scanned the person’s brain.The results showed that the amygdala,a part of the brain connected to emotions,showed a marked reduction in activity in response to self-serving dishonesty over the course of the trials.In fact,researchers found that the amount of the reduction in the amygdala’s activity for each trial could predict the amount that the participant’s dishonesty would increase by in the next trial:The more the amygdala’s activity reduces during one trial,the bigger the lie would be the next time.“It is likely that brain’s blunted response to repeated acts of dishonesty reflects a reduced emotional response to these acts,”Garrett said.The study also offers support for the idea that the activity in the amygdala“signals aversion(厌恶)to acts that we consider wrong or immoral,”Garrett said.In other words,whenever a person lies for personal gain,the amygdala produces a negative feeling that helps control that act-but the more often a person lies,the more the response fades,leading to a slippery slope that may encourage an escalation of dishonest behavior.People in the study actually lied the most when their lies benefited both them and their partners.“This may be because it is easier to rationalize these lies,”said Tail Sharot,the senior author of the study and an associate professor of cognitive neuroscience at University College London.In this condition,the amygdala did not show the same response pattern as when people lied simply to benefit themselves.Interestingly,though,the researchers found that study participants never lied as much as they could have. Participants’estimates of the value of the coins in the jar were always significantly lower than the ceiling,meaning that the individuals“always had an opportunity to lie more than they actually did,”the paper said.Sharot explained that peopleusually lie by just a little bit,perhaps so they can still hold a relatively positive perception of themselves.“Still,the results may have important implications for other types of decision-making,such as risk-taking or violent behavior,”the researchers said.“The results show the possible dangers of regular engagement in small acts of dishonesty, risks that are frequently observed in fields ranging from business to politics and law enforcement,”the scientists wrote in their findings.“The study suggests that repeated small lies may pave the way for larger lies over time,”the researchers said.61.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph1mean?A.Dishonesty can change a person as time goes on.B.Dishonesty makes a person’s brain less sensitive.C.Dishonesty makes a person tend to feel ashamed.D.Dishonesty may lead to more dishonest behavior.62.According to the study,lies easily occur when.A.lies benefit those who tell liesB.people have been lied toC.people have no choice but to lieD.both sides benefit from these lies63.It can be inferred that the study in the passage.A.makes no senseB.is not reliableC.is very significantD.is quite comprehensive64.Which would be the best title for the passage?A.Lies develop more liesB.Dishonesty is bad mannersC.The brain is used dishonestlyD.The brain is less sensitive to liesDLaws and MoralityAll laws,whether prescriptive(约定俗成的)or prohibitive,legislate morality.All laws,regardless of their content or their intent,arise from a system of values,from a belief that some things are right and others wrong,that some things are good and others bad,and that some things are better and others worse.In the formulation and enforcement(实施)of law, the question is never whether or not morality will be legislated,but which one.That question is fundamentally important because not all systems of morality are equal.Some are wise,but others are foolish.For better or worse,every piece of legislation touches directly or indirectly on moral issues,or is based on moral judgments and evaluations concerning what we want or believe ought to be,and what we ought to produce and preserve.Sometimes those who resist legislating morality do so not because they object to the morality being legislated,but because they value freedom and wish to defend it.They do not seem to understand,however,that their allegedly(宣称地) morals-free proposals will be the death of the freedom they value,not its protection.Without the guidance and constraint of morally informed laws,liberty degenerates(退化)into mere license,which is not the same as political freedom.Onesimply cannot reject moral authority and yet live in an orderly world.When a people banish morality from the public square,they give birth to an outlaw culture,not to freedom.Because human nature is what it is,without great volumes of enforceable laws,political freedom is short-lived,and finally impossible.Almost no one in the South today argues that slavery is moral,even though many of their great-grandparents thought it was and,as a result,owned other human beings as property.What stands between today’s southern Americans and their slave-owning ancestors is morals-based laws,specifically the Civil Rights laws of the mid-twentieth century,all of which helped radically to reshape the behavior and beliefs of those who grew up in their wake.Similarly,before prohibition the average annual consumption of alcohol in America was nearly three gallons per person.After prohibition that number fell to slightly less than one gallon.While legislating morality is an inevitability,I am not saying all sins ought to be made crimes.No government could effectively enforce laws against so-called“white lies”,even though such activities are sinful.We are not born into the world as good and competent citizens.The civic virtues and public responsibilities that define good citizenship must be acquired.They need to be learned.In that sense,we all enter this world unequipped by natural endowment for effective citizenship and self-government.This is why one of the oldest political insights available to us is that we are always only one generation from barbarism.Every newly born generation needs to be civilized,or culturally housebroken.Those necessary but unnatural social skills and civic virtues require nurture and guidance for their growth—even for their existence.Consequently,moral education is a prerequisite(必备条件)for a sound and flourishing civil society.Laws divorced from morality cannot accomplish that task.Instead,morals-free laws teach the citizens that moral conduct is not necessary,either for their own happiness or for the establishment and continuation of a good society and civil order.Perhaps an analogy(类比)will serve to clarify the point:computer programmers employ the acronym“gigo,”derived from the first letters of the words“garbage in,garbage out,”a phrase warning those programmers that no bad program yields(产生)good results.65.What’s the author’s understanding of the relationship between laws and morality?A.Morality varies with laws.ws are based on morality.ws are superior to morality.D.Morality arises from the practice of laws.66.According to the passage,political freedom can be maintained by.A.creating an outlaw cultureB.supporting morals-free proposalsC.praising the nature of human beingsD.enforcing morally informed laws67.The author mentioned the examples of“slavery”and“alcohol”to prove that.ws can force people to behave in a particular wayB.people used to misunderstand the meaning of moralsC.moral standards have been changing since ancient timesD.people addicted to alcohol are more likely to challenge morals68.What’s the author’s attitude towards so-called“white lies”?A.Critical.B.Indifferent.C.Tolerant.D.Cautious.69.The underlined word“barbarism”in the last but one paragraph probably means“”A.an absolutely new insightB.an advanced civilizationC.a well-regulated societyD.an uncivilized and rude state70.The author uses the words“garbage in,garbage out”to show that.A.some social systems can be easily abandonedB.a society with bad laws turns out to be a bad oneC.citizens are responsible for building a good societyD.establishing a harmonious society is really difficult第四部分任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)The most common use of intelligence test scores is to predict degree of academic success.Such scores are used in some communities as bases for admitting able children to schools at ages younger than normal,and they are very generally used to determine admissions to schools beyond public secondary school.Another use common in elementary schools involves comparing such scores with performances in various subjects to identify children who are working below capacity.The greatest problem in using intelligence tests for the purpose of prediction is that no dependable criterion of their accuracy exists.The ideal criteria would be objective and reliable achievement tests following instructions in each subject, but there are few such tests,especially at the college level.Studies have shown that correlations(相关性)between intelligence tests and achievement tests in various subjects through secondary school range roughly from0.5to0.8.Such correlations are fairly high,but they do not suggest anywhere near complete agreement.At the college level there are two major tests used as criteria of admission.By far the more important is the College Entrance Examination,constructed by the Educational Testing Service authorized by the College Entrance Examination Board.These tests are returned to the Educational Testing Service for scoring,and the results are then made available to the various colleges authorized by the students to receive them.The second test of this type is the American College Test, which operates in essentially the same fashion.Both tests constitute(组成)measures of certain skills,abilities,and knowledge that have been found to be related to success in college.Their correlations with academic success are limited for three outstanding reasons.First,measures of achievement in college arc themselves perhaps no more reliable than those in elementary and secondary schools.Second, academic success is determined by many other factors apart from intellectual ones,especially at the college level.Many students drop out of school because they are inadequately motivated or because they dislike the instructional programme. Third,correlations are lowered because the use of such tests for denying admission to some students means that therange of scores for those admitted is restricted,and there is a tendency that such restrictions may reduce correlations.Commonuses of intelligence test scores •To tell in(71)the degree of academic success.•To help admit children with outstanding ability to school at the age younger than ordinary.•To find out children with(72)ability in primary school than average.(73)with intelligence tests •Ideal criteria for objective and reliable achievement tests in college courses are (74)to find.•Correlations between intelligence tests and achievement tests are fairly high but not (75)in agreement.Two major tests at the college level •CEE•ACT•Both tests are scored by the Educational Testing Service.•The(76)of the College Entrance Examination will be sent to thecolleges that the students choose.•The correlations with academic success are limited for three reasons as(77):♦Measures of college achievement are as(78)as those in primary and middle schools.♦Intellectual factors(79)can not determine academic success.♦Admission restricted by such tests(80)to reduce correlations.第五部分书面表达(满分25分)请阅读下面短文及图画,并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
冲刺压轴题 专题难点突破三角函数

< ϕ < ) 的图象关于直线 x = 对称,则 ϕ 的值是上 a , b , c ,已知 tan A 满足 a cos B - b cos A = 3 (得图象过点 ⎛ π 1 ⎫, ⎪ ,则 ϕ 的最小值是江苏省 高三数学一轮复习典型题专题训练三角函数一、填空题1、(2018 江苏高考)已知函数 y = sin(2 x + ϕ)(-▲ .π π π2 2 32、(2017 江苏高考)若 tan (α﹣ π 1)= .则 tan α=4 63、(2016 江苏高考)定义在区间[0,3π]的函数 y =sin2x 的图象与 y =cos x 的图象的交点个数是 ▲4、(南京市 2018 高三 9 月学情调研)若函数 f (x )=A sin(ωx +ϕ)(A >0,ω>0,|ϕ|<π)的部分图象如图所示,则 f (-π)的值为▲ .π 5π5 、(前黄高级中学、姜堰中学等五校 2018 高三上第一次学情监测)已知 α ∈ ( ,) ,且3 6π 3cos(α - ) = ,则 sin α 的值是▲.3 56、(苏锡常镇 2018 高三 3 月教学情况调研(一))设三角形 ABC 的内角 A , B , C 的对边分别为 3c - b= tan B b,则 cos A = .7、(苏锡常镇 2018 高三 5 月调研(二模))已知函数 f ( x ) = sin(π x + ϕ)(0 < x < 2π ) 在 x = 2 时取 得最大值,则 ϕ =8、(苏锡常镇 2018 高三 5 月调研(二模))设△ ABC 的内角 A , B , C 的对边分别是 a ,b ,c 且tan A c ,则 =.5 tan B9、(苏州市 2018 高三上期初调研)将函数 y = sin (2x + ϕ )(0 < ϕ < π ) )的图象沿 x 轴向左平移 π8个单位,得到函数 y = f (x ) 的图象,若函数 y = f (x ) 的图象过原点,则 ϕ 的值是.10、 无锡市 2018 高三上期中考试)将函数 y = sin 2 x 的图象向右平移 ϕ (ϕ > 0) 个单位长度,若所⎝ 3 2 ⎭.(θ ⎡ π π ⎤ ,16、 镇江市 2018 届高三第一次模拟(期末)考试)函数 y = cos x - x tan x 的定义域为 ⎢-4 4 ⎥⎦, cos(α + β ) = - .π 111、(徐州市 2018 高三上期中考试)函数 f ( x ) = 2sin( x + ) 的周期为▲3 412、(扬州、泰州、淮安、南通、徐州、宿迁、连云港市 2018 高三第三次调研)在△ ABC 中,若 sin A :sin B :sin C = 4:5:6 ,则 cosC 的值为 ▲13、 镇江市 2018 届高三第一次模拟(期末)考试)函数 y = 3sin(2x + π4) 图像两对称轴的距离为14 、( 无 锡 市 2018 高 三 上 期 中 考 试 ) 已 知 sin 2 x + 2sin x cos x - 3cos 2 x = 0 , 则cos2 x =.15 、(镇江市 2018 届高三第一次模拟(期末)考试)已知锐角 θ 满足 tan θ= 6 cos,则s in θ + c os θs in θ - c os θ=( , ⎣其值域为二、解答题1、(2018 江苏高考)已知 α , β 为锐角, tan α = 4 355(1)求 cos2 α 的值;(2)求 tan(α - β ) 的值.2、(2018 江苏高考)某农场有一块农田,如图所示,它的边界由圆 O 的一段圆弧 MPN (P 为此圆弧的中点)和线段 MN 构成.已知圆 O 的半径为 40 米,点 P 到 MN 的距离为 50 米.现规划在此农田上修建两个温室大棚,大棚Ⅰ内的地块形状为矩形ABCD ,大棚Ⅱ内的地块形状为△CDP ,要求 A, B 均在线段 MN 上, C, D 均在圆弧上.设 OC 与 MN 所成的角为 θ .(1)用 θ 分别表示矩形 ABCD 和 △CDP 的面积,并确定 sin θ 的取值范围;(2)若大棚Ⅰ内种植甲种蔬菜,大棚Ⅱ内种植乙种蔬菜,且甲、乙两种蔬菜的单位面积年产值之比为 4 ∶3 .求当 θ 为何值时,能使甲、乙两种蔬菜的年总产值最大.,C = . cos B = .(1)若 c =2a ,求 的值;(2)若 C -B = ,求 sin A 的值.点 O ,始边为 x 轴的正半轴,终边与单位圆 O 的交点分别为 P ,Q .已知点 P 的横坐标为 ,点 Q 的纵坐标为 .3、(2016 江苏高考)在 △ABC 中,AC =6, cos B = (1)求 AB 的长; 4 π 5 4(2)求 cos( A - π 6)的值.4、(南京市 2018 高三 9 月学情调研)在△ABC 中,内角 A ,B ,C 所对的边分别为 a ,b ,c ,4 5sin Bsin Cπ45、(南京市 2018 高三第三次(5 月)模拟)在平面直角坐标系 xOy 中,锐角 α,β 的顶点为坐标原2 773 314(1)求 cos2α 的值;(2)求 2α- β 的值.( 3 时,求 ∠OPQ 的大小;(sin A = , tan (A - B ) = ,角 C 为钝角, b = 5.6、(前黄高级中学、姜堰中学等五校 2018 高三上第一次学情监测)已知 ∆ABC 的内角 A, B, C 所对 的边分别为 a, b , c ,已知 asinB + 3b cosA = 3c .(1)求角 B 的大小;(2)若 ∆ABC 的面积为 7 3 4, b = 43, a > c ,求 a, c .7、 苏锡常镇 2018 高三 3 月教学情况调研(一))如图,某景区内有一半圆形花圃,其直径 AB 为 6 ,O 是圆心,且 O C ⊥ AB .在 OC 上有一座观赏亭 Q ,其中 ∠AQC =π赏亭 P ,记 ∠POB = θ (0 < θ <2 ) .2π 3.计划在 BC 上再建一座观(1)当 θ =π(2)当 ∠OPQ 越大,游客在观赏亭 P 处的观赏效果越佳,求游客在观赏亭 P 处的观赏效果最佳时,角 θ 的正弦值.8、 苏锡常镇 2018 高三 5 月调研(二模) 在ABC 中,内角 A , B ,C 的对边分别是 a ,b ,c ,设△ ABC 的面积为 S ,且 4S =3( a 2 + c 2 - b 2 ) .(1)求 ∠B 的大小;(2)设向量 m = (sin 2 A,3cos A) , n = (3, -2cos A) ,求 m ⋅ n 的取值范围.9、(无锡市 2018 高三上期中考试) 在三角形 ABC 中,角 A,B,C 的对边分别为 a,b,c ,若 3 1 53(1)求 sin B 的值; (2)求边 c 的长.10、(无锡市 2018 高三上期中考试)在一块杂草地上有一条小路 AB,现在小路的一边围出一个三角形(如图)区域,在三角形 ABC 内种植花卉.已知 AB 长为 1 千米,设角 C = θ , AC 边长为 BC 边长的 a (a > 1)倍,三角形 ABC 的面积为 S (千米 2).(1)试用 θ 和 a 表示 S ;(2)若恰好当θ=60时,S取得最大值,求a的值.11、(徐州市2018高三上期中考试)已知△ABC的内角A,B,C所对的边分别为a,b,c,且a+2c=2b cosA.(1)求角B的大小;(2)若b=23,a+c=4,求△ABC的面积.12、(扬州、泰州、淮安、南通、徐州、宿迁、连云港市2018高三第三次调研)如图是函数πf(x)=A sin(ωx+ϕ)(A>0,ω>0,ϕ≤)在一个周期内的图象.已知2点P(-6,0),Q(-2,-3)是图象上的最低点,R是图象上的最高点.(1)求函数f(x)的解析式;(2)记∠RPO=α,∠Q PO=β(α,β均为锐角),求tan(2α+β)的值.13、(镇江市2018届高三第一次模拟(期末)考试)在∆ABC中,角A,B,C所对的边分别为a, b,c,若b cos A+a cos B=-2c cos C.(1)求C的大小;(2)若b=2a,且∆ABC的面积为23,求c.14、(苏北四市(徐州、淮安、连云港、宿迁)2017届高三上学期期末)在∆ABC中,角A,B,C的对边分别为a,b,c.已知2cos A(b cos C+c cos B)=a.(1)求角A的值;(2)若cos B=35,求sin(B-C)的值.2,求函数f(x)的值域;411、612、13、14、0或15、3+228516、[2-,1]1、解:(1)因为tanα=4,tanα=,所以sinα=cosα.15、(苏州市2017届高三上学期期中调研)已知函数f(x)=2sin(x+π(1)若0≤x≤π3)⋅c os x.(2)设∆ABC的三个内角A,B,C所对的边分别为a,b,c,若A为锐角且f(A)=32,b=2,c=3,求cos(A-B)的值.16、(盐城市2017届高三上学期期中)设函数f(x)=A s in(ωx+ϕ)(A,ω,ϕ为常数,且A>0,ω>0,0<ϕ<π)的部分图象如图所示.(1)求A,ω,ϕ的值;3π(2)设θ为锐角,且f(θ)=-3,求f(θ-)的值.56参考答案一、填空题π4+331、-2、1.43、74、-15、6106、1π3ππ7、8、49、10、3241π42π24二、解答题sinα43cosα3因为sin2α+cos2α=1,所以cos2α=9 25,又因为cos(α+β)=-5,所以sin(α+β)=1-cos2(α+β)=,,所以tan2α==-,因此,tan(α-β)=tan[2α-(α+β)]==-.,θ∈(0,).(θ(θ当θ∈(θ0,π(θ因此,cos2α=2cos2α-1=-7.25(2)因为α,β为锐角,所以α+β∈(0,π).2555因此tan(α+β)=-2.因为tanα=42tanα2431-tan2α7tan2α-tan(α+β)21+tan2αtan(α+β)112、解:(1)连结PO并延长交MN于H,则PH⊥MN,所以OH=10.过O作OE⊥BC于E,则OE∥MN,所以∠COE=θ,故OE=40cosθ,EC=40sinθ,则矩形ABCD的面积为2×40cosθ(40sinθ+10)=800(4sinθcosθ+cosθ),△CDP的面积为1×2×40cosθ(40–40sinθ)=1600(cosθ–sinθcosθ).2过N作GN⊥MN,分别交圆弧和OE的延长线于G和K,则GK=KN=10.令∠GOK=θ0,则sinθ=1π46当θ∈[θ0,π2)时,才能作出满足条件的矩形ABCD,所以sinθ的取值范围是[14,1).答:矩形ABCD的面积为800(4sinθcosθ+cos△θ)平方米,CDP的面积为1600(cosθ–sinθcosθ),sinθ的取值范围是[1,1).4(2)因为甲、乙两种蔬菜的单位面积年产值之比为4∶3,设甲的单位面积的年产值为4k,乙的单位面积的年产值为3k(k>0),则年总产值为4k×800(4sinθcosθ+cosθ)+3k×1600(cosθ–sinθcosθ)=8000k(sinθcosθ+cosθ),θ∈[θ,设f(θ)=sinθcosθ+cosθ,θ∈[θ0,π2π2).),则f′)=cos2θ-sin2θ-sinθ=-(2sin2θ+sinθ-1)=-(2sinθ-1)(sinθ+1).令f′)=0,得θ=π6,6)时,f′)>0,所以f(θ)为增函数;当 θ∈( π , )时, f ′θ )<0 ,所以 f (θ)为减函数,在△ABC 中,因为 cos B = ,所以 = . ………………………2 分( )2+c 2-b 2 因为 c =2a ,所以 = ,即 2= , 2 所以 = .……………………………4 分sin C c所以 = .……………………………6 分因为 cos B = ,B ∈(0,π),所以 sin B = 1-cos 2B = .………………………2 分π( 6 2因此,当 θ= π 6 时,f (θ)取到最大值.答:当 θ= π 6 时,能使甲、乙两种蔬菜的年总产值最大3、4、解:(1)解法 14a 2+c 2-b 2 4 5 2ac 5c 2 4 b 2 9 c 5 c 20 2c ×b 3 5c 10sin B b又由正弦定理得 = ,sin B 3 5sin C 10解法 24 35 5因为 c =2a ,由正弦定理得 sin C =2sin A ,所以 sin C =2sin(B +C )= cos C + sin C ,又因为 sin 2C +cos 2C =1,sin C >0,解得 sin C =2 5 所以 = .………………………6 分 (2)因为 cos B = ,所以 cos2B =2cos 2B -1= .…………………………8 分又 0<B <π,所以 sin B = 1-cos 2B = ,所以 sin2B =2sin B cos B =2× × = .…………………………10 分因为 C -B = ,即 C =B + ,所以 A =π-(B +C )= -2B ,所以 sin A =sin( -2B )=sin cos2B -cos sin2B………………………………12 分× -(- )×. …………………………………14 分(6 85 5即-sin C =2cos C .………………………4 分5,sin B 3 5sin C 104 75 25353 4 245 5 25π π 3π4 4 43π43π 3π4 4= 27 2 24 2 25 2 25=31 2502 75、解: 1)因为点 P 的横坐标为 7 ,P 在单位圆上,α 为锐角,2 7所以 cos α= 7 ,………………………2 分1 所以cos2α=2cos 2α-1=7.……………………………4 分3 3 3 3(2)因为点 Q 的纵坐标为 14 ,所以 sin β= 14 .………………………6 分13又因为 β 为锐角,所以 cos β=14.……………………………8 分2 7 21因为 cos α= 7 ,且 α 为锐角,所以 sin α= 7 ,4 3 因此 sin2α=2sin αcos α= 7 ,………………………10 分所以 sin(2α-β) =4 3 13 1 3 3 37 ×14-7× 14 = 2 . …………………12 分因为 α 为锐角,所以 0<2α<π.π又 cos2α>0,所以 0<2α<2,π π π 又 β 为锐角,所以-2<2α-β<2,所以 2α-β=3.…………………14 分ac=,即ac=7,(43)=(a+c)-2ac-ac,2(2-θ=由正弦定理得OQπ,所以2-θ=由正弦定理得OQ=6、【解】(1)由已知asinB+3b cosA=3sinC,结合正弦定理得sinAsinB+3sinBcosA=3sinC,所以sinAsinB+3sinBcosA=3sin(A+B)=3(sinAcosB+sinBcosA),即sinAsinB=3sinAcosB,即tanB=3,因为B∈(0,π),所以B=π3.………………7分(2)由S∆ABC =1πacsinB,B=,得2337344又b2=(a+c)2-2ac-2accosB,得2所以{ac=7a=7,又a>c,∴{.………………14分a+c=8c=17、解:1)设∠OPQ=α,由题,Rt∆OAQ中,OA=3,∠AQO=π-∠AQC=π-2ππ=,33所以OQ=3,在∆OPQ中,OP=3,∠POQ=ππ2-π3=π6,OP=,sin∠OPQ sin∠OQP即3sinα=3π5π3sinα=sin(π-α-)=sin(-α),sin(π-α-)666则3sinα=sin 5π5π13cosα-cos sinα=cosα+6622sinα,所以3sinα=cosα,3π因为α为锐角,所以cosα≠0,所以tanα=,得α=;36(2)设∠OPQ=α,在∆OPQ中,OP=3,∠POQ=ππ2-π3=π6,OP33=,即,sin∠OPQ sin∠OQP sinαπsin(π-α-(-θ))2ππ所以3sinα=sin(π-α-(-θ))=sin(-(α-θ))=cos(α-θ)=cosαcosθ+sinαsinθ,22从而(3-sinθ)sinα=cosαcosθ,其中3-sinθ≠0,cosα≠0,记 f (θ ) = cos θ 2所以 tan α =cos θ 3 - sin θ ,1 - 3 sin θ π , f '(θ ) = ,θ ∈ (0, ) ; 3 - sin θ( 3 - sin θ )2 2令 f '(θ ) = 0 , sin θ = 3 3π 3 ,存在唯一θ ∈ (0, ) 使得 sin θ = , 0 0 3 当 θ ∈ (0,θ ) 时 f '(θ ) > 0 , f (θ ) 单调增,当θ ∈ (θ , 0 0 所以当 θ = θ 时, f (θ ) 最大,即 tan ∠OPQ 最大, 0π2 ) 时 f '(θ ) < 0 , f (θ ) 单调减,又 ∠OPQ 为锐角,从而 ∠OPQ 最大,此时 sin θ = 3 3.答:观赏效果达到最佳时,θ 的正弦值为8、3 3.9、10、ac sin B=2⨯4⨯11、(1)因为a+2c=2b cosA,由正弦定理,得sinA+2sin C=2sinBcosA.···························································2分因为C=π-(A+B),所以sinA+2sin(A+B)=2sinBcosA.即sinA+2sin AcosB+2cos Asin B=2sinBcosA,所以sinA⋅(1+2cosB)=0.····························································································4分1因为sinA≠0,所以cosB=-.················································································6分2又因为0<B<π,所以B=2π3.···················································································································7分(2)由余弦定理a2+c2-2ac cos B=b2及b=23得,a2+c2+ac=12,即(a+c)2-ac=12.··································································································10分又因为a+c=4,所以ac=4,···············································································································12分所以S 113△ABC =22=3.·································································14分12、sin A sin B sin C所以 cos C =- ,(6 分) 所以 ab sin C =2 3.(8 分) 13、解析:(1) 由正弦定理 a 所以 C =2π .(7 分)b c = = , 且 b cos A +a cos B =-2c cos C 得(2 分)sin B cos A +sin A cos B =-2sin C cos C ,所以 sin (B +A)=-2sin C cos C.(3 分)因为 A ,B ,C 为三角形的内角,所以 B +A =π -C ,所以 sin C =-2sin C cos C.(4 分)因为 C ∈(0,π ),所以 sin C>0.(5 分)1 23(2) 因为△ABC 的面积为 2 3, 1 2由(1)知 C =2π ,所以 sin C = ,所以 ab =8.(9 分) 所以 c 2=a 2+b 2-2ab cos C =22+42-2×2×4×⎝-2⎭=28,(13 分) 由 0 ≤ x ≤ 得, ≤ 2x + ≤ , - ≤ sin(2 x + ) ≤1 , .........4 分 ,即函数 f ( x ) 的值域为 [0,1 + ∴ 0 ≤ sin(2 x + ) + ≤1 + ] . .....6 分 3 3 2因为 b =2a ,所以 a =2,b =4,(11 分)⎛ 1⎫所以 c =2 7.(14 分)14、(1)由正弦定理可知, 2cos A(sin B cos C + sin C cos B) = sin A , ………………2 分即 2cos Asin A = sin A ,因为 A ∈ (0, π) ,所以 sin A ≠ 0 ,所以 2cos A = 1 ,即 cos A = 1 2, ………………………………………………4 分 又 A ∈ (0, π) ,所以 A = π 3. ……………………………………………………6 分 (2)因为 cos B = 3 4 , B ∈ (0, π) ,所以 sin B = 1 - cos 2 B = ,…………………8 分 5 5 24 7 所以 sin 2B = 2sin B cos B = , cos2 B = 1 - 2sin 2 B = - , ……………10 分 25 25 2π 2π 所以 sin(B - C) = sin[B - ( - B)] = sin(2B - ) 3 3 2π 2π = sin 2B cos - cos2 B s in 3 324 1 7 3 =- ⨯ - (- ) ⨯ 25 2 25 2………………………………12 分 = 7 3 - 24 50.…………………………………………………14 分 15、解:(1) f ( x ) = (sin x + 3 cos x)cos x = sin x cos x + 3 cos 2 x 1 3 3 π 3 = sin 2 x + cos2 x + = sin(2 x + ) + 2 2 2 3 2. .........2 分 π π π 4π 2 3 3 33 π 2 3π 3 3 3 3 2 2 2π 3 3 π (2)由 f ( A ) = sin(2 A + ) + = 得 sin(2 A + ) = 0 , 3 2 2 3π π π 4π π π 又由 0 < A < ,∴ < 2 A + < ,∴ 2 A + = π , A = . ........8 分 2 3 3 3 3 3在 ∆ABC 中,由余弦定理 a 2 = b 2 + c 2 - 2bc cos A =7 ,得 a = 7 . .......10 分 由正弦定理 a b = sin A sin B,得 sin B = b s in A 21 = a 7 , ......12 分 2 7 ∵ b < a ,∴ B < A ,∴ cos B = , 71 2 7 3 21 5 7 ∴ cos( A - B) = cos A c os B + sin Asin B = ⨯ + ⨯ = 2 7 2 7 14. ....15 分= 2 , ……………4分⎪ = π ,∴ω = 由 f = - 3 ,得 2 ⎪ ⎝ 12 ⎭ ⎝ 12 ⎭ θ ∈ (0, ) ,∴ 2θ + ∈ , ⎪ ,又 sin(2θ + ) < 0 ,所以 2θ + ∈ π , ⎪ , ∴ f (θ - ) = 3 sin 2θ = 3 sin ⎢(2θ + ) - = 3 ⎢sin(2θ + )cos - cos(2θ + )sin = 3 - ⨯ + ⨯ 10 . ……………14分 2 ⎪⎭ 5 2 5 π ⎛ π 4π ⎫ 3 ⎝ 3 3 ⎭ ⎦⎦16、解:(1)由图像,得 A = 3 , ……………2分最小正周期 T = 4 ⎛ 7π π ⎫ 2π + 3 ⎝ 12 6 ⎭ T ∴ f ( x ) = 3 sin(2 x + ϕ ) , ⎛ 7π ⎫ ⎛ 7π ⎫ ⎪ π + ϕ = - + 2k π , k ∈ Z , 2 5π π ∴ϕ = - + 2k π , k ∈ Z , 0 < ϕ < π ,∴ϕ = . ……………7分 3 3π 3 π 3 (2)由 f (θ ) = 3 sin(2θ + ) = - 3 ,得 sin(2θ + ) = - , 3 5 3 5π π π ⎛ 4π ⎫ 2 3 3 ⎝ 3 ⎭π π 4 ∴ c os(2θ + ) = - 1 - sin 2(2θ + ) = - , ……………10分 3 3 5π ⎡ π π ⎤ 6 ⎣3 3 ⎥ ⎡ π π π π ⎤ ⎣ 3 3 3 3 ⎥⎛ 3 1 4 3 ⎫ 12 - 3 3 = ⎝。
2018届江苏省南通市高三上学期第一次调研测试地理试题 Word版含解析

江苏省南通市2018届高三上学期第一次调研测试地理试题一、选择题(一)单项选择题:本大题共18小题,每小题2分,共计36分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
下图为“某日地球局部光照图(阴影部分为黑夜)”。
读图完成下列问题。
1. 该日,甲地日落时间较乙地约A. 晚1小时B. 早2小时C. 早3小时D. 早5小时2. 该日前后,甲、乙两地A. 日出日落方位相似B. 随地球自转的速度相同C. 昼长变化趋势一致D. 正午太阳高度变化趋势一致【答案】1. C 2. A【解析】本题主要考查地球运动的地理意义,学生要能够读懂光照图,判断晨昏线,掌握正午太阳高度的变化。
1. 从图中看甲正处于日落时刻,乙距离日落时刻还有45°经度,即相差3个小时,所以该日甲地日落时间较乙地约早3小时,选择C。
2. 该日前后,甲、乙两地日出日落方位相似,都是从东北日出,从西北日落,A对;纬度不同,随地球自转的速度不相同,B错;甲位于赤道没有昼长变化,C错;此日甲乙位于太阳直射点两侧,正午太阳高度变化趋势不可能一致,D错。
下图为2018年1月2-5日南通天气预报示意图。
读图完成下列问题。
3. 下图所示甲、乙、丙、丁四图中,符合南通1月3日海平面等压线(hpa)分布状况的是A. 甲B. 乙C. 丙D. 丁4. 下图为“大气受热过程示意图”,1月4日南通昼夜温差变小,是因为图示的A. ①变大、②变小B. ①变小、③变大C. ②变大、③变小D. ③变小、④变大【答案】3. C 4. B【解析】本题主要考查锋面和大气的受热过程,学生要熟悉锋面天气特征、大气的受热过程和大气的保温作用。
3. 南通1月3日为阴雨天气,应该处于在冷锋的后面,图所示甲位于冷锋前面,乙位于高压脊,丙处于在冷锋的后面,丁位于冷锋前面,四图中,符合南通1月3日海平面等压线(hpa)分布状况的是C。
4. 1月4日南通为阴雨天气,白天大气削弱作用强,夜晚大气逆辐射强,昼夜温差变小,从图示看①变小、③变大,选择B。
2019-2020学年江苏省如东县高三上学期第一次检测地理试卷(含答案)

2019-2020学年精品地理资料2019.7江苏省如东县高三上学期第一次检测地理试卷(含答案)地理试卷第Ⅰ卷选择题(共60分)一、选择题(一)单项选择题:本大题共18小题,每小题2分,共计36分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
读广东省历次人口普查年龄结构统计图,完成第1~2题。
1.从图中可以看出,广东A.人口老龄化问题严重B.少年儿童比重下降最大C.劳动力严重不足D.人口年龄结构不断优化2.该省15~64岁人口所占比重呈上升趋势,最主要的原因是A.产业结构优化升级B.较高的人口出生率C.生态环境改善D.外来务工人员大量涌入下图示意我国改革开放以来城市化与城市化增速变化及预测。
据此完成第3~4题。
3.城市人口比重增速与城市人口比重之间的关系是A.城市人口比重增速与城市人口比重呈正相关B.城市人口比重增速减慢时,出现逆城市化现象C.城市人口比重增速变化导致城市人口比重空间差异D.城市人口比重增速为正值,城市人口比重上升4.20世纪90年代,我国城市人口比重增速加快,其主要原因是A.联产承包责任制解放农业劳动力B.政府鼓励农民进城务工、经商C.改革开放促进工业化进程D.城市户籍制度改革与门槛降低下图是甲、乙、丙三个城市市区人口数量变动图。
读图,完成第5~6题。
5.甲、乙、丙三个城市中市区人口数量最多与最少的分别是A.甲、乙B.甲、丙C.丙、乙D.乙、甲6.城市化发展到一定阶段,会出现城市群与城市带,人口变动出现“城—城”流动现象,最有利于“城—城”流动的是A.人口快速增加B.产业快速转移C.城际快速交通的发展D.城市之间距离扩大下图为我国中部地区某城市示意图,该城市新城区以电子信息产业为支柱。
据此完成第7~8题。
7.影响新城区区位选择的主要因素是A.公路B.铁路C.航空D.水运8.新城区建设对老城区的积极影响有①缓解交通拥堵②优化空间结构③引发人口集聚④“摊大饼”式扩张A.③④B.②③C.①④D.①②下图为城市化速度随时间的变化图,读图回答9~10题。
江苏省扬州市2024-2025学年高三上学期期初学情调研测试暨开学考试地理试卷+答案

2024-2025 学年第一学期高三期初学情调研测试地理试题 2024.09(满分为100分,考试时间为75分钟)一、单项选择题:共23小题,每小题2分,共46分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求。
2023年暑假期间,我国某中学地理实践小组到南美洲西海岸某地开展地理研学活动,图1示意该地区的土壤表面等高线(实线,单位:米) 和基岩表面等高线(虚线,单位:米) 分布。
读图回答1~2题。
1.图中相对高度最大可能为 ( )A. 25米B. 44米C. 34米D. 35米2. 下列四地中土壤厚度最薄的是 ( )A. 甲B. 乙C. 丙D. 丁2024年5月24日,在高邮某中学教室内,阳光透过窗户照在黑坂上,老师用粉笔努力追光,在黑板上留下了光影轨迹 (如图2) 。
读图回答3~5题。
3. 该现象过程中, 高邮 ( )A. 旭日东升B. 日上中天C. 红日西沉D. 灯火阑珊4. 该校学生观察到的当日太阳视运动的轨迹最可能是 ( )5. 当日过后至考试时(6月27日),光影出现在黑板上同一位置的时间 ( )A. 逐渐提前B. 先提前后推迟C. 逐渐推迟D. 先推迟后提前图3示意某区域地及和地质构造剖面。
读图回答6~7题。
6. 甲处地质构造名称及形成年代分别是 ( )A. 向斜上寒武世之后、下志留世之前B. 背斜中志留世之后、中泥盆世之前C. 向斜下志留世之后、中泥盆世之前D. 背斜中寒武世之后、上寒武世之前7. 中志留世到中泥盆世期间,该区域所处的古地理环境是 ( )A. 陆地,遭受剥蚀B. 盆地,接受沉积C. 海洋,地震活动D. 洋盆,岩浆活动雾是大量微小水滴或冰晶浮游在空中,使水平能见度低1.0km的天气现象。
图4为安徽省近十年年平均大雾日数的空间分布。
读图回答8~9题。
8. 大雾一般多发的时间为 ( )A. 傍晚B.深夜C. 中午D.凌晨9. 图示平均大雾日数最多的区域多雾的原因主要是 ( )A. 距海近,水汽充足B. 地形崎岖,利于凝结C. 风力小,凝结核多D. 纬度较低,气温较高翎囚锋是由冷锋追上暖锋或由两支冷锋迎面相遇将锋前的暖气团抬离地面,禁锢在高空形成的一种特殊锋面。
优质金卷:江苏省前黄、如东、姜堰等五校2018届高三上学期第一次学前监测数学试题【考试版】
第1页 共4页◎第2页 共4页绝密★启用前前黄、如东、姜堰等五校2018届上学期第一次学前监测考试范围:集合、复数、数列、函数、三角与向量、导数、解析几何、矩阵、坐标系与参数方程、空间向量、曲线与方程;考试时间:120分钟;理科附加30分钟.一、填空题1.已知全集,集合,则 =______.{}1,0,2U =-{}1,0A =-U A ð2.设复数满足(为虚数单位),则为__________.z zi i =-i z 3.设向量,若,则实数的值为__________.()()2,6,1,a b m =-=- //a bm 4为双曲线的一条渐近线,则的值为__________.0y -=()22210y x b b-=>b 5.“”是“直线与直线垂直”的_________条件(从15a =()2120ax a y +-+=()1330a x ay +++=“充分不必要”,“必要不充分”,“充要”,“既不充分又不必要”中选取一个填入).6.已知函数是定义在上的周期为2的奇函数,当时,,则()f x R 01x <<()8xf x =__________.193f ⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭7.若圆锥底面半径为2__________.8.设满足,则的最大值为__________.,x y 0{ 1y y x x y >≤+≤3x y +9.已知,且,则的值是__________.536ππα⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭,3cos 35πα⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭sin α10.设数列的首项,且满足与,则数列的前20项和为{}n a 11a =212121n n a a +-=+2211n na a -=+{}n a __________.11.已知是以为直径的圆上的两点,且,则的值为__________.,B D AC 2,5AB AD ==AC BD ⋅12.在平面直角坐标系中,已知圆和两点,且xOy ()(22:11C x y -+-=()(),2,,2A a a B a a ---,若圆上存在两个不同的点,使得,则实数的取值范围为1a >C ,P Q 90APB AQB ∠=∠=︒a __________.13.已知,则的最小值为__________.(),,0,a b c ∈+∞()222252ab cbc ac++++14.已知函数,其中为自然对数的底数,若不等式恒成立,则的()()ln f x x e a x b =+-+e ()0f x≤ba最大值为__________.二、解答题15.已知的内角所对的边分别为,已知.ABC ∆,,A B C ,,a b c sin cos a B A +=(1)求角的大小;B (2)若,求.ABC ∆b a c =>,a c 16.如图,在四棱锥中,平面平面, 平面, 为锐角三角P ABCD -PAB ⊥ABCD //BC PAD PBA ∆形,且.PB BC ⊥(1)求证: 平面;//AD PBC (2)平面平面.PBC ⊥PAB 17.园林管理处拟在公园某区域规划建设一半径为米,圆心角为 (弧度)的扇形观景水池,其中为扇r θO 形的圆心,同时紧贴水池周边建设一圈理想的无宽度步道.要求总预算费用不超过24 万元,水池造价AOB 为每平米400元,步道造价为每米1000元.(1)当和分别为多少时,可使得广场面积最大,并求出最大面积;r θ(2)若要求步道长为105米,则可设计出的水池最大面积是多少.18.如图,已知椭圆的左顶点,且点在椭圆上, 分别()2222:10x y E a b a b +=>>()2,0A -31,2⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭12F F 、是椭圆的左、右焦点。
江苏省南京市2018届高三地理上学期第一次月考试题
江苏省南京市2018届高三地理上学期第一次月考试题分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(综合题)两部分。
满分120分,考试用时100分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题共72分)一、选择题:共60分。
(一)单项选择题:本大题共18小题,每小题2分,共36分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.2017年6月18日,北京某位王同学赴莫斯科参加为期8天的学习交流.王同学发现两校学生在校时间均是当地时间8:00-17:00。
图1为“世界时区示意图”。
读图,回答1-2题。
图11。
两校学生同时在校的北京时间为()A. 8:00~11:00B. 9:00~11:00C. 14:00~16:00D. 11:00~17:002. 王同学参加学习交流期间,北京( )A. 太阳从东南方升起B. 日落时间推迟C. 昼长先变短后变长D. 正午太阳高度先变大再减小图2为“某季节澳大利亚北部盛行风向和气压分布图"。
读图,回答3-4题。
图23。
图中甲地盛行风发生的时间和主要成因是()A. 1月海陆热力性质差异B。
7月气压带和风带季节移动C。
7月海陆热力性质差异 D。
1月气压带和风带季节移动4. 7月控制乙地的气压系统属于( )A B C D图3为“黄土高原局部地区等高线图",实线是黄土表面等高线,虚线是黄土底面(基岩表面)等高线(单位:m)。
读图,回答5-6题。
图35。
甲处黄土层的最大厚度可能达到 ( )A。
16 B. 24C. 31 D。
406。
3月21日傍晚,假如天气晴朗,最有可能看到日落的地点是( )A. 丁 B。
丙C。
乙 D。
甲2015年12月31日中国第21批护航编队完成交接后驶离亚丁湾,2017年3月8日回到三亚,回国途中出访亚洲六国.图4为“第21批护航编队出访亚洲六国航线示意图”,图5为“水循环略图”(数字表示水循环环节)。
据此回答7—8题。
图图4图57. 护航编队从亚丁湾驶往孟加拉国途中()A。
江苏省淮安市等四市2018届高三上学期第一次模拟地理试题及答案
江苏省淮安市等四市2018届高三上学期第一次模拟地理试卷说明:1.本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
2.在答题卡的相应位置处填涂学校、班级、姓名、准考证号。
3.请将所有答案按照题号直接填涂到答题卡相应位置处。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共60分)一、选择题(共60分)(一)单项选择题:本大题共18小题,每小题2分,共36分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
“金光穿洞”是指落日余晖照亮北京颐和园十七孔桥桥洞侧壁,金光灿灿的光辉映满桥洞。
每年有两次日落方向与十七孔桥走向相同,其中一次出现在5月8日前后。
图1为“金光穿洞”景观图。
读图回答1~2题。
1.此桥的走向大致是 A .东南-西北向 B .东北-西南向 C .南北向 D .东西向2.日落方向与十七孔桥走向相同的另外一个日期是 A .1月8日前后 B .2月6日前后 C .8月6日前后D .11月8日前后台湾东部的太鲁阁峡谷是世界上规模最大的大理岩峡谷。
图2为太鲁阁峡谷景观图,图3为地壳物质循环示意简图。
读图回答3~4题。
3.太鲁阁峡谷形成的主要原因是 A .流水侵蚀 B .变质作用 C .板块拉张 D .风力侵蚀 4.太鲁阁山体岩石类型属于图3中的 A .① B .② C .③ D .④图4为2018年1月5日8时亚洲部分地区海平面等压线图。
读图回答5~6题。
图1图2 图3 ④岩浆 ① ② ③ 沉积物5.图示时刻A .风向:甲地与乙地相同B .气压:乙地低于丙地C .降水概率:乙地小于丙地D .风速:甲地小于丁地6.未来两天,丁地的天气变化是 A .气温下降,出现阴雨天气 B .气温升高,风力增强 C .出现暴雨、冰雹天气D .雨过天晴,气温升高 图5为我国天山冰川面积随海拔分布图。
读图回答7~8题。
7.下列说法正确的是A .冰川面积变化与冰川面积累积百分比的变化成正相关B .冰川海拔的最小值约为2500米C .草甸带可能分布在海拔6000~6600米处D .冰川集中发育区位于海拔3600~4800米处 8.山体超过一定高度后,冰川面积快速减少的 原因是 A .光照增强 B .山体面积减小 C .气温升高 D .大气保温作用弱本地农民工是指在户籍所在乡镇地域以内从业的农民工。
江苏省前黄高级中学2019届高三上学期学情检测(一)地理试题含解析
江苏省前黄高级中学2019届高三上学期学情检测(一)地理试题一、选择题(共60分)(一)单项选择题(本大题共18小题,每小题2分,共36分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目的要求。
)为了提倡低碳生活,某公司推出了一款公益行动“蚂蚁森林”:用户依靠步行、网络购票等行为节省的碳排放量,将被计算为虚拟的“能量”,来养大电子设备中的虚拟树。
虚拟树长成后,就在某个实际地点种下实体树。
完成下列各题。
1. “蚂蚁森林”公益行动针对的主要环境问题是A. 水土流失B. 全球变暖C. 土地荒漠化D. 生物多样性减少2. 目前该公益行动已在我国西北地区成功种植五千多万棵树,这些实体树的主要功能是A. 净化空气B. 涵养水源C. 防风固沙D. 保持水土【答案】1. B 2. C【解析】用户依靠步行、网络购票等行为节省的碳排放量,将被计算为虚拟的“能量”。
“蚂蚁森林”公益行动的目的是减少碳排放,扩大森林面积。
西北地区气候干旱,多风沙天气,这些实体树的主要功能是防风固沙。
【1题详解】根据材料,用户依靠步行、网络购票等行为节省的碳排放量,将被计算为虚拟的“能量”。
“蚂蚁森林”公益行动的目的是减少碳排放,扩大森林面积。
针对的主要环境问题是全球变暖,B对。
水土流失、土地荒漠化、生物多样性减少与减少碳排放无关,A、C、D错。
【2题详解】目前该公益行动已在我国西北地区成功种植五千多万棵树,西北地区气候干旱,多风沙天气,这些实体树的主要功能是防风固沙,C对。
西北地区空气污染较轻,降水少,水土流失问题少,净化空气、涵养水源、保持水土等,不是西北地区森林的主要功能,A、B、D错。
巴厘岛是世界著名的旅游胜地,11月~次年3月为雨季。
当地时间2017年2月9日晚,巴厘岛发生了山体滑坡。
下图为巴厘岛地理位置及区域示意图。
据此完成下列各题。
3. 巴厘岛雨季时盛行A. 东南风B. 西南风C. 东北风D. 西北风4. 巴厘岛发生此次山体滑坡的主要原因有①持续性降水②过度砍伐森林③位于板块交界地带④地势起伏大A. ①②③B. ②③④C. ①②④D. ①③④【答案】3. D 4. C【解析】【3题详解】因为11月~次年3月为当地雨季,此时太阳直射南半球,全球气压带风带南移,赤道以北的东北信风南移越过赤道,在向左的地转偏向力作用下形成西北风,故D 项正确。
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江苏省前黄高级中学、如东高级中学、姜堰中学等五校2018届高三上学期第一次学情监测 地理试题 注意事项: 1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答第Ⅰ卷时,选出每小题的答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。写在试卷上无效。 3. 回答第Ⅱ卷时,将答案填写在答题卡上,写在试卷上无效。 4. 考试结束,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷 一、选择题 (一)单项选择题:本大题共18小题,每小题2分,共计36分。在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。 下图示意北半球极昼面积的变化状况。据此完成1-2题。
1. 图示节气判断正确的是 A. 甲—春分 B. 乙—夏至 C. 丙—秋分 D. 丁—冬至 2. 下列时段,海口(20°N)正午太阳高度先变大再变小的是 ①甲→乙 ②乙→丙 ③丙→丁 ④丁→戊 A. ①② B. ②③ C. ①④ D. ③④ 河南郭亮村位于太行山一处绝壁之巅。这里海拔1700米,三面环山,一面临崖,岩石以砂岩为主。下图为郭亮村绝壁景观图。读下图,完成3-4题。 3. 郭亮村绝壁岩层 A. 具有层理构造 B. 含有丰富的化石 C. 由变质岩构成 D. 由岩浆冷凝而成 4. 郭亮村绝壁景观形成的过程大致为 A. 固结成岩、断裂抬升、外力侵蚀、流水沉积 B. 断裂抬升、外力侵蚀、流水沉积、固结成岩 C. 外力侵蚀、流水沉积、断裂抬升、固结成岩 D. 流水沉积、固结成岩、断裂抬升、外力侵蚀 下图是南半球亚热带某地降水量逐月累计曲线图。读图,回答5-6题。
5. 在该地水循环最活跃的季节 A. 哈萨克牧民在天山森林带以上的高山牧场放牧 B. 巴西高原草木茂盛 C. 美国东北部森林内阳光充足 D. 北印度洋驶向亚丁湾的船只顺风顺水 6. 不属于该气候区典型农产品的是 A. 葡萄 B. 柑橘 C. 油橄榄 D. 苹果 读某地理考察小组在沙漠地区利用“日光蒸馏法”取水示意图。完成7-8题。 7.该方法揭示了水循环的主要动力包括 ①风力 ②地球重力 ③太阳能 ④温室效应 A. ①② B. ②③ C. ①④ D. ③④ 8.该方法可以模拟水循环的环节主要有 ①蒸发 ②水汽输送 ③大气降水 ④地下径流 A. ①④ B. ①③ C. ②③ D. ②④ 弗雷泽岛(如下图所示),是世界上最大的沙岛,总面积1630平方千米。岛上分布着沙漠,同时还分布着世界上唯一生长在沙地上的雨林植被。读图,完成9-10题。
9.关于弗雷泽岛上沙漠成因的叙述,正确的是 A. 由地质变化和海浪堆积共同作用而形成的 B. 全球变暖,降水减少的结果 C. 因常年受副热带高气压控制,降水少而形成 D. 受热带雨林迁移农业的影响而形成 10.弗雷泽岛分布着世界上唯一生长在沙地上的雨林植被,其原因可能有 ①接近热带雨林分布区,雨林植被种子传播至此 ②沙地土层深厚,利于雨林植物根系向深处延伸 ③来自海洋的盛行风带来较充沛的降水 ④沿岸有暖流经过,有增温增湿作用 A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④ 下图a为北半球海平面某区域图,图b示意沿甲乙线的气压变化,图c示意沿丙丁线的气压变化。据此回答11-12题。
11.根据图示信息推断,下列叙述正确的是 A. 甲地降水概率小于乙地 B. 甲地气温日较差小于乙地 C. 丙地近地面风速大于丁地 D. 丙地近地面气压低于丁地 12.未来几天,乙地将要经历的天气变化过程最可能是 A. 气压降低,天气转晴 B. 气温降低,刮风下雨 C. 连续阴雨,风力加大 D. 湿度增加,风和日丽 珀斯是一个多风的城市,夏季以微风为主,一天中风向多变,冬季风力强劲,素有澳大利亚“风城”之称,读图完成13-14题。
13.珀斯夏季风向日变化明显的原因是 A. 地处沙漠,昼夜温差大 B. 夏季多晴天,昼夜温差大 C. 地处沿海平原,地形平坦 D. 植被常绿茂密,减弱风力 14.珀斯风力强劲的时期 A. 亚洲低压强盛 B. 正值当地葡萄的收获季节 C. 享受珀斯海滩阳光浴的最佳季节 D. 我国南北温差大 焉耆马是我国古代西域名马,体型较小,跋山涉水善奔跑,耐力好,这些特征与所处环境密切相关,焉耆马集中产自天山2800处高山盆地。下图为我国天山自然带植被分布图,读图回答15-16题。
15.下列有关天山叙述正确的是 A.A为北坡B为背风坡 B.A坡植被比B坡生长更为茂盛 C.L自然带为落叶阔叶林带 D.可找到冰川运动痕迹 16.焉耆马的特征形成原因与下列哪个因素关系最小 A.冰雪融水优质水源 B.平坦地形提供奔跑场所 C.多样植被营养丰富 D.高寒缺氧提高耐力 下载一个APP,缴纳一定数额的押金,就能以每小时0 .5到1元的价格解锁一辆自行车任意骑行„„近年来,共享单车在中国迅速走红,有效解决了市民出行“最后一公里”难题。下图为“某城市一周内共享单车与地铁分时段使用频率统计图”。根据材料完成17-18题。
17. 与地铁相比,关于共享单车使用高峰描述正确的是 A.周末共享单车不存在早高峰 B.工作日的早晚高峰共享单车更明显 C.周末共享单车高峰不明显 D.共享单车与地铁的高峰在时间上完全同步 18. 共享单车的出现 A.使外环附近地铁站服务范围缩小 B.延长了市民的消费时间 C.使中心市区地铁站的服务范围显著扩大 D.使地铁的窖流量锐减 (二)双项选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共计24分。在每小题给出的四个选项中,有两项是符合题目要求的。每小题选两项且选对者得3分,选错、少选或不选均不得分。 20世纪70年代以前孔雀河流域胡杨林郁郁葱葱,而目前却有上百万亩胡杨林枯死。下图为新疆孔雀河下游枯死的胡杨林图,据此完成19-20题。
19.该地目前胡杨林大片枯死的主要原因有 A. 土地退化 B. 降水量稀少 C. 过度开垦 D. 不合理用水 20.改善该地胡杨林生长环境的对应措施有 A. 退耕还草还林 B. 统筹安排流域用水量 C. 实施人工降雨 D.人口迁移至上游地区 2017年11月10讯,国产大飞机C919首次出远门,航程1400公里,飞行时间约为3小时,读C919飞机零部件厂家分布示意图。读图完成21-22题。 21. 影响C919大飞机生产的主要区位因素有 A.市场需求 B.交通条件 C.技术水平 D.资源种类 22. 大飞机零部件生产分布在全国各地,这有利于 A.降低零部件运输成本 B.促进各企业间的合作 C.发挥各地的优势条件 D.扩大产品市场 落户湖北省黄石市黄石港区江北工业园的中国-东盟北斗科技城,计划建成面向全球、 特别是以泰国、马来西亚等国家为主的东盟地区,集北斗应用和服务产业体系、北斗产业孵化体系、科技体验和休闲观光体系、国际高端学术交流和技术外包服务体系等为一体的科技城。 据此完成23-24题。 23. 建设该科技城应具备的区位条件有 A.交通便捷 B.环境质量好 C.劳动力丰富 D.接近市场 24. 测量船研发基地和无人机研发基地进入该科技城有利于 A.共同利用公共服务 B.及时把握研发动态 C.共同处理废弃物质 D.开拓产品销售市场 梯度转移是指一个国家的经济发展客观上存在梯度差异,导致高梯度地区通过不断创新并不断向外扩散求得发展,中、低梯度地区通过接受扩散或寻找机会求得发展。下图为中国区域间产业转移梯度模式示意图。读图,回答25-26题。
25. 我国不同区域间存在诸多的差异,造成产业转移的主要原因包括 A. 资源条件 B. 经济结构 C. 劳动力性别比 D. 能源结构 26. 中介机会是指促进产业转移的过程中,介于企业及其转移潜在目标地之间,起沟通、协调、服务等作用的外在因素。这种中介机会可能是 A. 乡土情结 B. 政府合作 C. 能源供应 D. 土地价格 第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,共60分)
27.阅读图文材料,完成下列问题。(10分) 白洋淀是华北地区主要的淡水湿地分布区。自20世纪80年代以来,白洋淀流域人口激增,工农业发展较快,大量开采地下水,上游大批水库截水,毁林开荒,水土流失严重,河道淤积,入淀水量明显下降。
(1)从气候的角度,分析白洋淀1、2月和5、6月水位偏低的原因。 (3分) (2)从人文地理角度,简析雄安新区的区域开发优势条件。 (3分) (3)20世纪80年代以来,白洋淀几度面临“干淀”困境。为解决这一困境,雄安新区在建设中可以采取哪些有效措施? (4分)
28. 读下列图文资料,回答问题。 (13分) 芬兰位于欧洲北部,约三分之一的国土在北极圈以内。素有“千湖之湖”的美称,地理环境南北各具特色。地势北高南低,北部与中部以丘陵为主,南部沿海以平原为主。芬兰的森林覆盖率达到 86%,乳畜产品世界闻名。
(1)芬兰地理环境的地域差异所体现的主要地域分异规律及判断依据。(2分) (2)分析芬兰亚寒带针叶林广泛分布的自然地理原因。(4分) (3)根据 B 地区地理环境特征,推测其第一、第二、第三产业适合发展的产业部门。(3分) (4)A 地区是芬兰人口密集、城市众多、经济发达的地区,概述其主要的有利条件。(4 分)
29. 阅读图文材料,完成下列要求。(12分) 材料一 厄瓜多尔境内地形多样,安第斯山脉纵贯南北,多火山分布。该国农业地域分布差异明显,分为东部、中部、西部三部分,主要包括:①热带经济作物种植、②基于肥沃土壤的山地旱作农业与畜牧业、③出产珍稀林木的林业三种类型。 材料二 厄瓜多尔的地形图。