宾语和宾语补足语

宾语和宾语补足语

1. 双宾语

直接宾语和间接宾语

双宾语就是有些动词后面跟直接宾语和间接宾语. 直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示的行为的人.

We owe the university 400 dollars for Jenny's tuition.

They sent us a bill for the new semester .

（在英语中，有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整，还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作，这种“宾语＋宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语）

在双宾语中，两个宾语间的关系比较松散，有的句子去掉其中一个宾语，句子仍然成立。双宾语一般表示“为谁（for sb．）或给谁（to sb．）……”，即“及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”的结构可以改写为“及物动词＋直接宾语＋for sb．或to sb．”的结构。例如：He brings me cookies every day.

She made me a beautiful dress.

常跟双宾语的动词有：

to: advance, allot, allow, award, bring, cause, deal, deliver, deny, do, feed, fetch, forward, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, loan, mail, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, post, proffer, promise, quote, read, recommend, refuse, render, rent, replay, restore, return, sell, send, serve, show, sing, take, teach, tell, throw, tell, toss, write for: boil, book, bring, build, buy, call, cash, choose, cook, cut, design, do, fetch, fill, find, fix, gather, get, grow, guarantee, keep, leave, make, mix, order, paint, pick, play, pour, prepare, pull, reach, reserve, save, secure, set, sing, spare, spread, take, win, write, yield

(to还是for，这里没有固定的规则，主要取决于不同动词的性质，以及句子的意思。简单的理解：to sb.：给谁for sb.：为谁。所以这里的一些常用词的搭配，需要记忆。）bring, leave, play, sing, take, write既可以接to又可以接for, 但意义不同.

Karen wrote a letter to/for her boy friend.

She left her estate to/for her brother. To已继承; FOR有继承权

其它介词

He asked another question of the speaker.

The court accused him of theft.

The court charged him with theft.

The gunmen robbed millions of dollars of the bank.

He struck a violent blow at her.

不能改为介词宾语的间接宾语

特别由下列动词引导: allow, ask(one his name), bet, bid, cost, nevy, forgive, give (one some uneasiness), hit (one a blow), keep (me company), last, lay, lead (her an awful life), make (me curtsy), pardon, permit, play one a trick, reach me my hat, refuse, save me trouble, spare, strike the enemy a shrewd blow, take, wish

The manager allowed him one week of vacation in the summer.

夏天经理给他一星期的假期。

He wished me good morning [good-bye].

他向我道早安[告别]。

宾语从句/复合结构必须放在后面:

He assured me that I might come back whenever I liked.

She taught her child how to swim.

事件和宾格代词作间接宾语

He gave the door a push. 不能说: a push to the door

The headmaster gave it to him./it to John/the book to John 一般用法

双宾语的被动语态:

They offered Mr. Jenkins the mastership.

The mastership was offered (to) Mr. Jenkins. To Mr. Jenkins the mastership was offered.

介词宾语

V+Prep. 只有一个宾语

He called unexpectedly on John.

Did he call on John or (on) Mary?

V+Prep. 有两个宾语

及物动词+名词/代词+介词

Address to/announce to/ blame on/ communicate to/ confine to/ congratulate on/