Weekly vocabulary 3(B7M2)2018.1.23 - - 副本
Vocabulary Workshop Unit 1-3
No. Word Part ofSpeechDefinition / Illustrative PhraseSynonyms Antonyms1. adulterate(v)to corrupt, make worse by the addition of something of lesser value _____ the milk with water to contaminate,pollute, sully to purify, purge,expurgate 2. ambidextrous (adj)able to use both hands equally well; very skillful; deceitful, hypocriticalmarveled at his _____ abilities equally skillful with both hands clumsy, all thumbs, maladroit3. augment(v)to make larger, increase _____ one’s income to enlarge,supplement, amplify to decrease, diminish 4. bereft(part,adj)deprived of; made unhappy through a loss _____ of friends in his old agedeprived; saddened by loss, bereaved replete, well provided with 5. deploy(v)to position or arrange; to utilize; to form up _____ troops for battle to arrange, station, organize6. dour (adj)stern, unyielding; gloomy, ill-humoreda _____ and sullen disposition harsh, bleak,forbidding, saturnine cheery, inviting, genial 7. fortitude(n)courage in facing difficulties showed great _____ during the floodresolve,steadfastness, mettle fearfulness, timidity, faintheartedness 8. gape(v)to stare with open mouth; to open the mouth wide; to open wide _____ in wonder at the sight to gawk, ogle; to open wide9. gibe (v) (n) to utter taunting words _____ at him for his cowardicean expression of scornto ridicule, mock, deride, jeer a compliment, praise10. guise(n)an external appearance, cover, mask the _____ of a police officera costume, semblance; a pretense11. insidious(adj)intended to deceive or entrap; sly, treacherousan _____ scheme cunning, underhanded, perfidious frank, ingenuous,aboveboard 12. intimation(n)a hint, indirect suggestion gave no _____ of her difficultiesa clue, indication, inklinga direct or blunt communication 13. opulent(adj)wealthy, luxurious; ample; grandiose_____ living quarters rich, lavish, plentiful, abundant poverty-stricken, wretched, destitute 14. pliable(adj)easily bent, flexible; easily influencedthree spools of _____ copper wire supple, adaptable, resilient rigid, inflexible, recalcitrant 15. reiterate(v)to say again, repeat _____ a statement for emphasisto repeat, rehash16. stolid(adj)not easily moved, mentally or emotionally; dull, unresponsivea _____ person who takes everything in stride impassive, phlegmatic, unresponsive emotional,oversensitive; high-strung17. tentative(adj)experimental in nature; uncertain, hesitanta _____ arrangementprovisional, inconclusive definite, conclusive, confirmed 18. unkempt(adj)not combed; untidy; not properly maintained; unpolished, rudeseemed to take pride in being _____ sloppy, disheveled; disorganized; rough well-groomed, tidy, neat, natty 19. verbatim(adj,adv)word for word; exactly as written or spoken repeat _____word for word, exact paraphrased 20. warily (adv)cautiously, with great careapproach the mouth of the cave _____carefully, prudently, gingerlyrecklessly, heedlessly, incautiouslyNo. Word Part ofSpeechDefinition / Illustrative PhraseSynonyms Antonyms1. adroit(adj)skillful, expert in the use of the hands or mind_____ at twirling a rope clever, deft, dexterous, slick clumsy, inept,all thumbs 2. amicable(adj)peaceable, friendlyan _____ settlement of the dispute congenial, neighborly, cordialhostile, antagonistic 3. averse(adj)having a deep-seated distaste; opposed, unwilling_____ to strenuous exercise disinclined, opposed, loathfavorably disposed, eager, keen 4. belligerent(adj) (n)given to fighting, warlike; combative, aggressive a _____ answer one at war, one engaged in warassertive, truculent, pugnacious peaceful, conciliatory, placid5. benevolent(adj)kindly, charitablea _____ feeling toward all their neighbors kindly, benign, well-meaning malicious, spiteful, malevolent6. cursory(adj)hasty, not thorougha _____ glance at the document quick, superficial, perfunctory thorough, painstaking, careful 7. duplicity(n)treachery, deceitfulness fired the employees suspected of _____ fraud, double-dealing, chicanery8. extol(v)to praise extravagantly _____ her heroic deeds to glorify, applaud, acclaim, hail to criticize, belittle, disparage 9. feasible(adj)possible, able to be donedevelop a _____ plan of action workable, practicable, viableunworkable, impractical 10. grimace(n) (v) a wry face, facial distortion a _____ of painto make a wry facea pained expression, facial contortion to smile, beam, grin11. holocaust(n)a large-scale destruction, especially by fire; a vast slaughter a victim of the Chicago _____a conflagration; devastation; annihilation a deluge, inundation 12. impervious(adj)not affected or hurt by; admitting of no passage or entrancea plastic cover _____ to moisture impenetrable; resistant, proof against porous, permeable,vulnerable 13. impetus(n)a moving force, impulse, stimulus gave a new _____ to the drive an impulse, incentive, stimulus, spur a curb, hindrance, impediment, constraint 14. jeopardy (n)dangermistakes that put the entire operation in serious _____risk, hazard, peril safety, security 15. meticulous(adj)extremely careful; particular about detailsa _____ housekeeper careful, fastidious, painstaking, fussy careless, negligent, sloppy 16. nostalgia(n)a longing for something past; homesickness a vague feeling of _____a longing for things past; homesickness17. quintessence (n) the purest essence or form of something; the most typical example a deed hailed as the _____ of valor the purest essence; a paragon, exemplar18. retrogress (v)to move backward; to return to an earlier condition has _____ into barbarism to revert; to degenerate , declineto advance, evolve,progress 19. scrutinize (v)to examine closely _____ the documentsto inspect, examine, pore over to skim, scan, glance at 20. tepid (adj)lukewarm; unenthusiastic, marked by an absence of interesta cup of _____ tealukewarm; insipid; halfhearted, wishy-washyheated, excited, enthusiasticNo. Word Part ofSpeechDefinition / Illustrative PhraseSynonyms Antonyms1. adversary(n)an enemy, opponent a worthy _____ on the courtan antagonist, rival, foea friend, ally, supporter, confederate 2. alienate(v)to turn away; to make indifferent or hostile; to transfer, convey bad habits that _____ friends to separate, drive apart, estrange to befriend, attract, captivate, to reconcile 3. artifice(n)a skillful or ingenious device; a clever trick; clever skill; trickery deceived by his _____ a ruse, stratagem, contrivance4. coerce (v)to compel, force _____ into obedience by a threat of punishment to pressure, bully, intimidate, constrain to persuade, cajole 5. craven(adj) (n)cowardly criticized by his opponent for his _____ policies a cowardfearful, fainthearted, pusillanimous brave, courageous, valiant 6. culinary(adj)of or related to cooking or to the kitchena fine example of French _____related to cooking7. delete(v)to erase, wipe out, cut out shortened the report by _____ two paragraphs to remove, cancel, expunge to insert, add, retain, include 8. demise(n)a death, especially of a person in a lofty position tolling bells that indicated the _____ of the king a death, decease, passing away a birth, beginning, commencement 9. exhilarate(v)to enliven, cheer, give spirit or liveliness to _____ by the good news to stimulate, excite, gladdendiscourage, dispirit, dishearten, inhibit 10. fallow(adj) (n) (v) plowed but not seeded; inactive; reddish-yellow land left unseededto plow but not seed garden plots left _____ for a year unproductive, inert, dormant productive, fertile, prolific 11. harass(v)to disturb, worry; to trouble by repeated attacks _____ the witness with difficult questionsto annoy, pester, bedevil, beleaguer, worry12. inclement(adj)stormy, harsh; severe in attitude or actionunaccustomed to the _____ New England winter blustery, tempestuous, implacable mild, gentle, balmy, tranquil 13. muse(v)to think about in a dreamy way, ponder _____ on the meaning of lifeto meditate, contemplate, daydream14. negligible(adj)so important that it can be disregardeda _____ loss that we need not worry about trivial,inconsequential, insignificant significant, crucial, momentous 15. perpetuate(v)to make permanent or long lasting _____ the customs of our ancestorsto continue, preserve, prolong, indefinitely to discontinue, abolish, abandon 16. precedent (n)an example that may serve as a basis for imitation or later action set a _____ for others to followa guide, tradition, modelthat which follows or comes afterwards 17. punitive(adj)inflicting or aiming at punishmentled a _____ expedition against the rebels penalizing, retaliatory18. redress(v) (n) to set right, remedyrelief from wrong or injury seek _____ through the courtsto rectify, correct, mitigate19. sojourn(n) (v)a temporary stay a week’s _____ in Paristo stay for a timea visit, stopover, brief stay20. urbane (adj)refined in manner or style, suavean _____ hostsuave, elegantcrude, uncouth, boorish。
初中英语语法-构词法(PPT27张)
【点拨】句意：琳达是这次汽车比赛的大赢家。win是一个 动意思是“赢，胜利”。根据这句话的意思可知，这里是 说Linda是个大赢家，故应该用它的名词形式，即winner。
13．Do you know about the _e_a_s_te_r_n__ culture?
usual , win, polite, east, invent
14．We should always speak __p_o_li_t_el_y_to our parents.
【点拨】句意：我们应该总是有礼貌地跟我们的父母说话。 polite是一个形容词，意思是“有礼貌的”，在句中可以作 表语或定语。根据句意可知，这里修饰动词speak，故应该 用副词形式，即politely。
【点拨】第一空应填600 words，第二空修饰名词 passage， 应用形容词，“数词＋名词”可构成形容词，中间用连字 符连接，而且名词用单数形式。
考点 3【重点】 合成代词 考向一 反身代词：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。 eg: The boy teaches himself English.
her favourite programme Running Man and it made her _u_n_h_a_p_p_y_ (happy)． 7．Messi is an excellent football __p_la_y_e_r__ (play)． 8．(中考·贵阳) It is __im__p_o_s_s_ib_l_e_ (possible) for me to do too many things in two days. Can you help me? 9．It was _a_m__a_z_in_g_ (amaze) that the man could ride the bicycle backwards. 10．Students should answer questions loudly and
B1班三个五千单词-2018级下
使用说明：(给任课老师)从第1周到第16周，每周要求学生记25个单词或者短语。
大部分词汇出自课本，主要参照教学进度安排表中的授课进度进行编排。
第1周1.dweller ['dwɛlɚ] n. 居民，居住者dwell vi. 居住；存在于2.property ['prɒpətɪ] n. 性能；财产3.sufficient [sə'fɪʃ(ə)nt] a. 足够的，充分的sufficiency n. 足量4.accomplish [ə'kʌmplɪʃ; ə'kɒm-] vt. 完成，实现5.set about着手；开始做…6.inquire [ɪn'kwaɪə] v. 询问，打听inquiry n. 探究，调查7.dismiss [dɪs'mɪs] vt. 不予理会；解散8.haul [hɔːl] v. 拖，拉9.sustainable [sə'steɪnəb(ə)l] a. 可以忍受的；可持续的sustain vt. 维持，支撑10.confront [kən'frʌnt] vt. 面对，遭遇11.generator ['dʒenəreɪtə] n. 发动机；生产者generate vt. 产生；生殖12.setback ['setbæk] n. 挫折13.consist of由...组成14.mount [maʊnt] vt. 发动；增加15.adjustment [ə'dʒʌs(t)m(ə)nt] n. 调整，调节16.conservation [kɒnsə'veɪʃ(ə)n] n. 保存，保持17.take ... for granted认为...理所当然18.ins and outs (of sth.) 细节，详情19.consumption [kən'sʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n] n. 消费；消耗consume vt. 消耗20.demonstrate ['demənstreɪt] vt. 证明；展示21.charge [tʃɑːdʒ] v. 收费；质控；充电22.diligent ['dɪlɪdʒ(ə)nt] a. 勤勉的23.recycle[riː'saɪk(ə)l] vt. 循环使用24.appreciate [ə'priːʃɪeɪt; -sɪ-] vt. 欣赏；感激；升值25.colleague[ˈkɔli:g] n. 同事，同僚(本周单词1-24出自Text, Unit 1, Book 2，25出自四级核心词汇)第2周1.align [ə'laɪn] vt. 使...结盟2.confirm [kən'fɜːm] vt. 确认，证实3.load up 装载（货物）4.transportation [trænspɔː'teɪʃ(ə)n; trɑːns-] n. 运输，运输系统5.intermittent [ɪntə'mɪt(ə)nt] a. 间歇的，断断续续的6.assign [ə'saɪn] vt. 分配，指派assignment n. 分配7.primary ['praɪm(ə)rɪ] a. 首要的，主要的8.treachery ['tretʃ(ə)rɪ] n. 背叛9.obstacle ['ɒbstək(ə)l] n. 障碍，妨碍物10.arduous ['ɑːdjʊəs] a. 努力的，费力的11.maintenance [ˈmeɪntənəns] n. 维护；保持vt. 维持；主张12.fitness ['fɪtnəs] n. 健康；适当13.with regard to关于14.drawback ['drɔːbæk] n. 缺点15.purchase ['pɜ:tʃəs] n. 购买vt. 购买16.efficient [ɪ'fɪʃ(ə)nt] a. 有效率的17.adopt [ə'dɒpt] vt. 采取；收养mute [kə'mjuːt] vi. （搭乘车、船等）通勤19.supportive [sə'pɔːtɪv] a. 支持的support vt. 支持20.intend [ɪn'tend] vt. 打算21.simultaneous [,sɪm(ə)l'teɪnɪəs] a. 同时的22.advocate ['ædvəkeɪt；-ət] vt. 提倡，主张n. 提倡者23.initiative [ɪ'nɪʃɪətɪv; -ʃə-] n. 主动性，首创精神24.additional [ə'dɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l] a. 附加的，额外的25.option ['ɒpʃ(ə)n] n. 选项，选择权（本周单词出自Reading 1, Unit 1, Book 2）第3周1.affordable [ə'fɔːdəbəl] a. 负担得起的afford vt. 买得起2.be home to 为...所在地3.manufacture [mænjʊ'fæktʃə] vt. 制造4.relative ['relətɪv] a. 相对的n. 亲戚5.leapfrog['liːpfrɒg] v. 跳跃；越级提升6.install [ɪnˈstɔ:l] vt. 安装7.recoup [rɪ'kuːp] vt. 收回；补偿8.sweep[swiːp] v. 扫除，扫9.approach [ə'prəʊtʃ] n. 方法，途径vt. 接近munity [kəˈmju:nətɪ] n. 社区，团体11.boost[buːst] vt. 促进，增加n. 推动12.switch to转换到13.price [praɪs] n. 价格vt. 给...定价14.misfortune [misˈfɔ:tʃən] n. 不幸，厄运monplace ['kɒmənpleɪs] a. 平凡的，普通的16.mystery [ˈmɪst(ə)ri] n. 秘密，神秘的事物mysterious a. 神秘的17.lie in在于parable ['kɒmp(ə)rəb(ə)l] a. 可比较的compare vt. 比较19.feature['fiːtʃə] n. 特色vt. 以...为特色20.current ['kʌr(ə)nt] a. 现在的，最近的21.imagine [ɪ'mædʒɪn] v. 想象22.emission[ɪ'mɪʃ(ə)n] n. 发射；散发emit vt. 发出；发表23.storage ['stɔːrɪdʒ] n. 贮藏store vt. 储藏24.nevertheless [nevəðə'les] ad. 尽管如此；然而25.principal[ˈprinsəpəl] a. 主要的，首要的n. 校长；本金（本周单词1-24出自Reading 2, Unit 1, Book 2，25出自四级核心词汇）第4周1.exchange [ɪks'tʃeɪndʒ; eks-] vt. / n. 交换，交易2.correspondence [kɒrɪ'spɒnd(ə)ns] n. 通信；一致3.overwhelm [əʊvə'welm] vt. 淹没；压倒4.romance [rə(ʊ)'mæns; 'rəʊmæns] n. 传奇，浪漫5.bring oneself to do something 强迫或者促进自己做某事6.retire [rɪ'taɪə] vi. 退休7.dominate ['dɒmɪneɪt] vt. 支配；占优势dominance n. 支配8.of late近来9.continually [kən'tɪnjʊəlɪ] ad. 不断地，频繁地continue v. 继续10.sympathize ['sɪmpə'θaɪz] vt. 同情，怜悯11.undergo [ʌndə'gəʊ] vt. 经历，经受12.hardship ['hɑːdʃɪp] n. 困苦，苦难pensate ['kɒmpenseɪt] v. 补偿，赔偿14.endure [ɪn'djʊə; en-; -'djɔː] v. 忍耐，容忍15.separation [sepə'reɪʃ(ə)n] n. 分离，间隔16.bow to屈从，顺从17.bloom[bluːm] n. 花vi. 开花18.impressive [ɪm'presɪv] a. 给人印象深刻的impress vt. 使...钦佩；使...印象深刻19.postpone [pəʊs(t)'pəʊn; pə'spəʊn] vt. 延迟20.glamour ['ɡlæmə] n. 魅力，魔力glamorous a. 迷人的21.gaze upon盯，凝视22.tragedy ['trædʒɪdɪ] vt. 悲剧23.contain [kən'teɪn] vt. 包含，容纳24.urge['ɜːdʒ] vt. 督促n. 推动力urgent a. 迫切的25.private [ˈpraɪvɪt] a. 私人的，私营的privatize vt. 使私有化（本周单词出自Text, Unit 2, Book 2）第5周1.wander ['wɒndə] v. 漫步；徘徊2.reveal [rɪ'viːl] vt. 显示，揭露revelation n. 启示，揭露3.triumph ['traɪʌmf] n. 胜利vi. 获得胜利4.critical ['krɪtɪk(ə)l] a. 决定性的5.bruise[bruːz] n. 擦伤v. 碰伤，擦伤6.vanish['vænɪʃ] v. 消失不见7.victim ['vɪktɪm] n. 受害人，牺牲者8.aimlessly ['emlɪsli] ad. 漫无目的地9.black out使失去记忆，使失去10.overstuff [,əʊvə'stʌf] vt. 装载过度11.faith [feɪθ] n.信仰，信念faithful a. 忠诚的12.pry [praɪ] vi. 窥探，打探13.recall [rɪ'kɔːl] vt. 召回；回想起n. 召回14.apparently [ə'pærəntlɪ] ad. 显然，似乎15.evidence ['evɪd(ə)ns] n. 证据16.phenomenon [fɪ'nɒmɪnən] n. 现象17.injury ['ɪn(d)ʒ(ə)rɪ] n. 伤害，损害18.doze off 打瞌睡困倦19.peer [pɪə] n. 同龄人20.in burst涌入21.stun [stʌn] vt. 使震惊stunned a. 震惊的22.embrace [ɪm'breɪs; em-] vt. 拥抱；欣然接受23.critical ['krɪtɪk(ə)l] a. 决定性的bination [kɒmbɪ'neɪʃ(ə)n] n. 结合combine vt . 结合25.trigger ['trɪgə] vt. 引发，触发（本周单词出自Reading 1, Unit 2, Book 2）第6周1.discourage [dɪs'kʌrɪdʒ] vt. 阻止；使气馁discouragement n. 气馁；挫折2.legend ['ledʒ(ə)nd] n. 传奇3.attend [ə'tend] v. 出席，参加4.convince [kən'vɪns] vt. 说服，使确信5.disguise [dɪs'gaɪz] n. 伪装vt. 掩饰，假装6.innocent ['ɪnəs(ə)nt] a. 无罪的，无知的innocence n.7.fraternity [frə'tɜːnɪtɪ] n. 友爱；兄弟会8.suspect [ˈsʌspekt; (for v.) səˈspekt] n. 嫌疑犯vt. 怀疑9.puzzled ['pʌzld] a. 困惑的vt. 使困惑10.abrupt [ə'brʌpt] a. 突然的11.accompany [ə'kʌmpənɪ] vt. 陪伴，伴随12.simplicity [sɪm'plɪsɪtɪ] n. 朴素；天真13.part [pɑːt] n. 部分；零件vt. 分离，分开14.occasionally [əˈkeɪʒnəli] ad. 偶尔，间或15.poetry ['pəʊɪtrɪ] n. 诗16.propose [prə'pəʊz] v. 建议；求婚proposal n. 提议；求婚17.confess [kən'fes] v. 坦白；承认18.reunion[riː'juːnjən; -ɪən] n. 重聚reunite vt. 使重聚19.bittersweet ['bɪtəswiːt] a. 苦乐参半的20.procession [prə'seʃ(ə)n] n. 队伍21.proceed[prəu'si:d] vi. 继续前进22.mourn [mɔːn] v. 哀悼，忧伤23.hesitation [hezɪ'teɪʃn] n. 犹豫24.emerge [ɪ'mɜːdʒ] vi. 浮现，显露25.split [splɪt] v. 劈开；分开(本周单词出自Reading 2, Unit 2, Book 2)第7周1.passenger ['pæsɪndʒə(r)] n. 乘客2.now that既然3.firmly ['fɜːmli] ad. 牢牢地4.recklessly ['rekləsli] ad. 鲁莽地5.unthinkable [ʌn'θɪŋkəbl] a. 不可思议的6.pedestrian [pə'destriən] n. 行人7.trial ['traɪəl] n. 审讯8.testify ['testɪfaɪ] v. 作证9.witness ['wɪtnəs] n. 目击者，证人10.outcome ['aʊtkʌm] n. 结果11.scenario [sə'nɑːriəʊ] n. 设想的场景；脚本12.appropriate [ə'prəʊpriət ] a. 恰当的13.respondent [rɪ'spɒndənt] n. 受访者14.typical ['tɪpɪkl] a. 典型的15.obligation[ˌɒblɪ'ɡeɪʃn] n. 义务16.bend [bend] vt. 使弯曲，扭曲17.fairly ['feəli] ad. 公正18.regardless of不认；不顾及19.stand up for支持；保卫20.count on依靠，指望e out显示，呈现22.be accustomed to习惯于（某事）23.sufficiently [sə'fɪʃəntlɪ] ad. 充分地；充足地24.intervene [ɪntə'viːn] vi. 干涉，调停25.normal ['nɔːm(ə)l] a. 正常的，标准的（本周单词出自Reading 1, Unit 3, Book2）第8周1.no matter what不管什么...2.refer to提到3.disillusioned [dɪsɪ'luːʒ(ə)nd; -'ljuː-] a. 醒悟的，不抱幻想的4.insight ['ɪnsaɪt] n. 洞察力，洞悉insightful a. 有深刻见解的5.relocate[riːlə(ʊ)'keɪt] v. 重新安置，迁移6.adjustment [ə'dʒʌs(t)m(ə)nt] n. 调整，调节7.extend [ɪk'stend; ek-] vt. 延长，延展extension n. 延展extended a. 延伸的8.mutual['mjuːtʃʊəl; -tjʊəl] a. 共同的9.closure ['kləʊʒə] n. 关闭；终止10.involved [ɪn'vɒlvd] a. 有关的；卷入的11.slip away消逝12.affect [ə'fekt] vt. 影响13.apart [ə'pɑːt] a. 分离的ad. 相距；与众不同地14.tend [tend] vi. 易于；趋向，倾向tendency n. 倾向15.end up with以...告终16.survive [sə'vaɪv] v. 幸存；比...活得长survival n. 幸存17.expose [ɪk'spəʊz; ek-] vt. 揭露；曝光exposure n. 揭露；曝光18.wither ['wɪðə] vi. 枯萎；虚弱19.flourish ['flʌrɪʃ] vi. 兴旺，长得茂盛flourishing a. 茂盛的20.revive [rɪ'vaɪv] vi. 使复活revival n. 复活；苏醒21.bounce back 反弹；迅速恢复活力22.neglect [nɪ'glekt] n. / vt. 忽视，忽略23.cease[siːs] v. 停止24.apply to适用于25.when it comes to当提到（本周单词出自Text, Unit 3, Book 2）第9周1.fable ['feɪbl] n. 寓言2.argument ['ɑːɡjumənt] n. 争吵3.slap [slæp] vt. 掌掴，拍击4.oasis [əʊ'eɪsɪs] n. 绿洲5.stick [stɪk] vt. 粘住6.drown [draʊn] v. 溺水；溺死7.forgiveness [fə'ɡɪvnəs] n. 宽恕8.erase [ɪ'reɪz] vt. 抹去9.view[vjuː] n. 视野；看见10.engrave [ɪn'ɡreɪv] vt. 雕刻11.voyage ['vɔɪɪdʒ] n. / vi. 航行12.wreck [rek] vt. 使遇难；毁坏13.pray [preɪ] vi. 祈祷pray to向…祈祷14.territory ['terətri] n. 领土，地盘15.bear [beə(r)] vt. 结（果实）16.barren ['bærən] a. 荒芜的；贫瘠的17.magic ['mædʒɪk] n. 魔术18.board [bɔːd] vt. 登上（船、车）19.unworthy [ʌn'wɜːði] a. 不值得的20.blessing ['blesɪŋ] n. 祝福；神的保佑21.be about to (do)刚要，正打算22.boom[buːm] vi.发出低沉而有回响的声音panion [kəm'pæniən] n. 同伴24.deserve [dɪ'zɜːv] vt. 应得25.mistake [mɪ'steɪk] vt. 误解，弄错（本周单词出自Reading 2, Unit 3, Book 2）第10周1.bureaucracy [bjʊə'rɒkrəsi] n. 行政系统，政府机构2.motivated ['məʊtɪveɪt] a. 有积极性的3.elect [ɪ'lekt] vt. 选择4.go up上升，增长5.application[ˌæplɪ'keɪʃn] n. 申请6.institution[ˌɪnstɪ'tjuːʃn] n. 机构7.trend [trend] n. 趋势8.self-funded ['selff'ʌndɪd] a. 自筹资金的9.self-sponsored ['selfspɔnsəd] a. 自费的10.demographic[ˌdemə'ɡræfɪk] n. 群体，人群11.tribe [traɪb] n. 族；部落12.journal ['dʒɜːnl] n. 期刊13.cram [kræm] v. 塞满；填满14.vigorous ['vɪɡərəs] a. 充满活力的15.evolve [i'vɒlv] v. 发展；进化16.be heavy on倚重于17.infrastructure ['ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)] n. 基础设施18.vocational [vəʊ'keɪʃənl] a. 职业的19.fare [feə(r)] vi. 过日子，进展20.watcher ['wɒtʃə(r)] n. 观察者21.opine [əʊ'paɪn] v. 发表意见22.in line with符合；与…一致23.by extension相应地；进而24.skepticism ['skeptɪsɪzəm] n. 怀疑态度25.give … the/an edge赋予…优势（本周单词出自Reading 1&Reading 2, Unit 4, Book2）第11周1.make sense有意义；有道理2.financial [faɪ'nænʃl] a. 财务的；金融的3.on … grounds/on the grounds of基于…的理由；根据4.impact ['ɪmpækt] n. 影响5.get/come to grips with努力应对；设法对付6.stimulate ['stɪmjuleɪt] vt. 速激；激励7.participation [pɑːˌtɪsɪ'peɪʃn] n. 参与participate vi. 参加8.accent ['æksent] n. 口音mence [kə'mens] vt. 开始10.fee[fiː] n. 费用11.diverse [daɪ'vɜːs] a. 多种多样的；多元的12.make for有助于13.advisable [əd'vaɪzəbl] a. 明智的；可取的14.immerse [ɪ'mɜːs] vt. 沉浸immerse oneself in沉浸于；专心致志于15.adapt [ə'dæpt] v. （使）适应16.s urroundings [sə'raʊndɪŋz] n. 环境17.host [həʊst] n. 东道主；主人18.prospective [prə'spektɪv] a. 未来的；预期的19.add-on [æd ɒn] n. 附加物；额外好处20.take advantage of利用21.workplace ['wɜːkpleɪs] n. 职场；工作场所22.intern ['ɪntɜːn] n. 实习生23.ethic['eθɪk] n. 伦理；道德规范24.be bound to (do sth)必然；一定会25.stand out突出；引人注目（本周单词出自Reading 1, Unit 4, Book 2）第12周1.destination [,destɪ'neɪʃ(ə)n] n. 目的地2.stretch out伸直（身体）3.grab [ɡræb] vt. 突然抓住；抓取4.be flooded with被…充满；被…淹没5.program ['prəʊɡræm] n. 课程；计划6.dub [dʌb] vt. 戏称，给…起绰号7.suicide['suːɪsaɪd] n. 自杀8.transition [træn'zɪʃn] n. 转型；过渡9.filter ['fɪltə(r)] vt. 过滤；渗透10.spot [spɒt] n. 位置，地点v. 发觉，认出11.original [ə'rɪdʒənl] a. 原著的，原作的12.mysterious [mɪ'stɪəriəs] a. 神秘的13.yearn [jɜːn] vi. 渴望；向往prehend[ˌkɒmprɪ'hend] vt. 理解15.memorize ['meməraɪz] vt. 记住；背熟16.provocative [prə'vɒkətɪv] a. 引起兴趣或争议的17.make up for弥补；补偿18.be destined to注定会；一定会19.instinct ['ɪnstɪŋkt] n. 本能；直觉20.feel obligated to (do sth.)觉得有义务（做某事）21.pull apart使分离，使分开22.plead with sb. (to do sth.)恳求某人（做某事）23.turn in上交24.linger ['lɪŋɡə(r)] vi. 逗留25.pop up突然出现（本周单词出自Text, Unit 4, Book 2）第13周1.on earth究竟，到底2.robotic [rəʊ'bɒtɪk] a. 机器人（般）的3.giraffe [dʒə'rɑːf] n. 长颈鹿4.giant ['dʒaɪənt] a. 巨大的，庞大的5.craft [krɑːft] vt. (手工) 制作6.dinosaur n. ['daɪnəsɔː(r)] 恐龙7.sculpture ['skʌlptʃə(r)] n. 雕刻作品8.next to紧靠…的旁边9.spike [spaɪk] n. 尖状物10.voiceprint ['vɔɪsprɪnt] n. 声纹，声印11.celebration [ˌselɪ'breɪʃn] n. 颂扬；庆祝12.draw attention to引人关注…13.fashion ['fæʃn] vt. 改造；塑造14.response [rɪ'spɒns]n. 响应；回答respond v. 回应15.locate [ləuˈkeit] vt.找到……的位置；使坐落于16.correspond [ˌkɔriˈspɔnd] vi. 通信17.overseas [ˌəuvəˈsi:z] ad./ a. (在，去)海(国)外(的)18.fertile [ˈfə:tail] a. 肥沃的，富饶的19.slim [slim] a.苗条的；(机会)少的20.keen [ki:n] a.强烈的；热切的，热衷的21.sensible[ˈsensəbəl] a.明智的，合情理的22.relevant [ˈreləvənt] a. 有关的，切题的23.donation[dəuˈneiʃən] n. 捐款，捐赠物；捐赠24.confusion [kənˈfju:ʒən] n. 困惑25.deny [diˈnai] vt. 否认，否定（本周单词1-12出自Reading 2，Unit 6, Book 2; 13-25出自四级核心词汇）第14周1.hop [hɒp] vi.（单足）跳，快速行走hop on跳上（车）2.liken … to 把…比作3.high-end [haɪ end] a. 高端的4.gap [ɡæp] n. 差距5.low-margin a. 低利润的6.far-reaching [fɑː 'riːtʃɪŋ] a. 深远的；广泛的7.entrepreneurial[ˌɒntrəprə'nɜːriəl] a. 企业家的8.get a taste of领略；尝到…的滋味9.connection [kə'nekʃn] n. 联系；关系10.ongoing ['ɒnɡəʊɪŋ] a. 进行中的11.for sale待售12.browse [braʊz] v. 随便翻阅13.retail['riːteɪl] n. 零售14.socialize ['səʊʃəlaɪz] vi. 参加社交，交际15.in part一部分16.supply chain供应链17.puzzle ['pʌzl] n. 拼图18.collaboration [kəˌlæbə'reɪʃn] n. 合作19.screw[skruː] n. 螺丝g vi. 落后lag behind落在…后面21.divide up分配；分解22.invest in投入（时间、精力、金钱）23.strategy ['strætədʒi] n. 策略24.spark [spɑːk] n. 热情；火花；活力25.take … for example以…为例（本周单词出自Reading 1, Unit 6, Book 2）第15周1.of one’s own 自己的2.formal ['fɔːml] a. 正式的；适合正式场合的3.encouragement [ɪn'kʌrɪdʒmənt] n. 鼓励4.interact with 与…相互交流5.physical ['fɪzɪkl]a.有形的；实物的6.work on 从事于，致力于7.in secret 秘密地；暗中8.former ['fɔːmə(r)]a. 前任的；以前的9.occupy ['ɒkjupaɪ]vt. 占据（空间、时间等）10.barrier ['bæriə(r)]n. 障碍11.execute ['eksɪkjuːt] vt. 执行；实施12.take an interest in 对…感兴趣13.exhibit [ɪɡ'zɪbɪt] vt. 展览，展出14.transform [træns'fɔːm]vt. 改造；彻底改变15.hardware ['hɑːdweə(r)]n. 机件；硬件16.specialize ['speʃəlaɪz]vi. 专门从事(in)17.experimental [ɪkˌsperɪ'mentl] a. 实验性的；试验性的plement ['kɒmplɪment]vt. 补充19.candidate ['kændɪdət]n.候选人；应试者20.frontier ['frʌntɪə(r)] n. 前沿21.electronic [ɪˌlek'trɒnɪk] a.电子的22.call for 号召23.industrialized [ɪn'dʌstriəlaɪzd] a. 工业化的24.tendency ['tendənsi]n.倾向25.insert[inˈsə:t, ˈinsə:t] vt. 插入；加入（本周单词1-24出自Text, Unit 6, Book 2，25出自四级核心词汇）第16周1.attain [əˈtein] vt. 达到，获得2.primarily [ˈpraimərəli, praiˈmerəli] ad. 主要地3.vital [ˈvaitl] a. 极其重要的4.emotional [iˈməuʃənəl] a. 感情(上)的5.abrupt [əˈbrʌpt] a. 突然的，意外的6.consequence [ˈkɔnsikwəns] n. 后果；重要(性)7.item [ˈaitəm] n. 条(款)，项目8.economical [ˌi:kəˈnɔmikəl] a. 节约的，经济实惠的9.genuine [ˈdʒenjuin] a. 真的，非人造的；真诚的10.go through经历，度过11.individual [ˌindiˈvidʒuəl] a. 单独的，个人的n. 个人(体)12.indifferent [inˈdifrənt] a. 冷漠的，不关心的plain [kəmˈplein] v. 抱怨，诉苦14.increasingly [inˈkri:siŋli] ad. 日益，越来越多地plicated [ˈkɔmplikeitid] a. 复杂的，难懂的16.attach [əˈtætʃ] vt. 连接；使附属ponent [kəmˈpəunənt] n. 成分，组成部分18.adopt [əˈdɔpt] vt. 收养；采取(纳，用)19.conduct [kənˈdʌkt] vt. 执行，实施20.indispensable [ˌindiˈspensəbəl] a. 必不可少的，必需的21.lower [ˈləuə] a. 较低的；下面的；vt. 降低，缩小parison [kəmˈpærisən] n. 比较，对照23.conflict [ˈkɔnflikt, kənˈflikt] n. 冲突，争论24.appeal [əˈpi:l] vi. 呼吁n. 恳求25.tender[ˈtendə] a. 嫩的；温柔的（本周单词出自四级核心词汇）。
B1班三个五千单词(例句)-2018级下
使用说明：(给任课老师)从第1周到第16周，每周要求学生记25个单词或者短语。
大部分词汇出自课本，主要参照教学进度安排表中的授课进度进行编排。
第1周1.dweller ['dwɛlɚ] n. 居民，居住者dwell vi. 居住；存在于•Once we are the city-dweller living with all the advantages of an endless supply of electricity and fresh water, it would be hard for us to give up such conveniences.•We should keep moving forward rather than dwell on the past.2.property ['prɒpətɪ] n. 性能；财产•If you are in strong financial position, consider buying the property you now rent.• A radio signal has both electrical and magnetic properties.3.sufficient [sə'fɪʃ(ə)nt] a. 足够的，充分的sufficiency n. 足量•With sufficient and sustained international commitment, we continue to achieve sustainable progress for malaria (疟疾) as well.4.accomplish [ə'kʌmplɪʃ; ə'kɒm-] vt. 完成，实现• A healthy and self-sufficient country life cannot be accomplished if one cannot be determined to give up all the advantages of city life.5.set about着手；开始做…•6.inquire [ɪn'kwaɪə] v. 询问，打听inquiry n. 探究，调查•worked.•7.dismiss [dɪs'mɪs] vt. 不予理会；解散•idea of living here immediately.8.haul [hɔːl] v. 拖，拉•Without electricity, water had to be hauled in and stored in two tanks located on the property.9.sustainable [sə'steɪnəb(ə)l] a. 可以忍受的；可持续的sustain vt. 维持，支撑•Loyalty can bring just as good results as fear or greed (贪婪growth.•Is China far enough along in its industrialization to sustain its growth with mostly domestic (国内的) growth?10.confront [kən'frʌnt] vt. 面对，遭遇•the going out of power, and the breaking of water line.11.generator ['dʒenəreɪtə] n. 发电机；生产者generate vt. 产生；生殖electricity/heat/interest /profit•When I ran out of battery power, the V•Competition would then do what it has done elsewhere:and better prices.12.setback ['setbæk] n. 挫折•The setbacks just made us work harder, and we slowly got things fixed.13.consist of由...组成•The caretaker government would consist of a president, a prime minister and two vice presidents.•Be made up of/be composed of14.mount [maʊnt] vt. 发动；增加stairspressurean attack/a protest•运动) of mass (群众性的) political protests.•Debt continues to 重组) government spending.15.adjustment [ə'dʒʌs(t)m(ə)nt] n. 调整，调节•While living here for the past four months has been a big adjustment, there are many benefits to living off the grid (与外界隔绝的).16.conservation [kɒnsə'veɪʃ(ə)n] n. 保存，保持•I think one of the greatest in living off the grid is teaching my kids the importance of conservation.17.take ... for granted认为...理所当然•For the kids, who used to take water, power and gas for granted, now they begin to learn to save water.18.ins and outs of 细节，详情•The next challenge was to become familiar with your power system, and to learn the ins and outs of hauling your own water and generating your own power.19.consumption [kən'sʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n] n. 消费；消耗consume vt. 消耗•If consumption remains at the 2010 level, they will have accounted for 35% of electricity needs.•About a third of the fuel that they consume goes through Turkey or comes from Turkey.20.demonstrate ['demənstreɪt] vt. 证明；展示•Over-consumption is even more clearly demonstrated by our electricity usage.21.charge [tʃɑːdʒ] v.收费；质控；充电•were plugged in even when they weren’t charging anything.•22.diligent ['dɪlɪdʒ(ə)nt] a. 勤勉的•Without the electricity, we are learning to be more diligent with our power usage.23.recycle[riː'saɪk(ə)l] vt. 循环使用•In addition, we are also trying to make other changes, for example, reducing the amount of trash we generate (产出) by recycling.24.appreciate [ə'priːʃɪeɪt; -sɪ-] vt. 欣赏；感激；升值•We have learned how to conserve power and water and to really appreciate what the earth gives to us every day.•Peter stood by me when I most needed it. I'll always appreciate that.25.colleague[ˈkɔli:g] n. 同事，同僚•She discussed the idea with some of her colleagues.(本周单词1-24出自Text, Unit 1, Book 2；25出自四级核心词汇)第2周1.align [ə'laɪn] vt. 使...结盟•In this move, we hope to get the chance to better align our actions with our values related to health and life.2.confirm [kən'fɜːm] vt. 确认，证实•Neither Samsung nor Apple could confirm at this time whether the hearing would still take place.3.load up 装载（货物）•We have a buyer for our car, and then we loaded up the family and drove 40 minutes across the town to make the sale.4.transportation [trænspɔː'teɪʃ(ə)n; trɑːns-] n. 运输，运输系统•This could mean having a better home or having a better means of transportation.5.intermittent [ɪntə'mɪt(ə)nt] a. 间歇的，断断续续的•In order to make a normal life, we should catch a very intermittent bus, or grab (赶) a taxi to or from the train station.6.assign [ə'saɪn] vt. 分配，指派assignment n. 分配•Later in the year, she'll assign them research papers.7.primary ['praɪm(ə)rɪ] a. 首要的，主要的•Rather, the primary goal of my travels was to find a solution to a much bigger medical problem.8.treachery ['tretʃ(ə)rɪ] n. 背叛•Where there is trust, he only finds treachery.9.obstacle ['ɒbstək(ə)l] n. 障碍，妨碍物•Lots of obstacles are on the bike lanes, bringing difficulties to the bike riders.10.arduous ['ɑːdjʊəs] a. 努力的，费力的•As we were leaving, the most arduous part came, the packing of our luggage.11.maintenance [ˈmeɪntənəns] n. 维护；保持vt. 维持；主张•The good aspects of living without a car included having no car maintenance, and not having to worry about crashes (碰撞).•After the divorce, their father still maintained close contact with the boys.•He has maintained that the walking or biking lifestyle is good for our health.12.fitness ['fɪtnəs] n. 健康；适当•We can achieve better physical fitness from extra walking and cycling, and gained a new view of our suburb.13.with regard to关于•There were safety concerns with regard to cycling in traffic, being in strange train stations, and waiting at bus stops.14.drawback ['drɔːbæk] n. 缺点•Another drawback concerning cycling was the amount of time needed for two very busy adults busy with planning the trips.15.purchase ['pɜ:tʃəs] n. 购买vt. 购买•This week he is to visit China to discuss the purchase of military (军事的) supplies.•First we should have a product (not necessarily new) or service that people want to purchase.16.efficient [ɪ'fɪʃ(ə)nt] a. 有效率的•Since our return to the USA, and in order to save more energy, we have purchased a new fuel-efficient automobile.17.adopt [ə'dɒpt] vt. 采取；收养•In spite of many difficulties, we still continue to follow many of the practices we adopted while living car-free.•There are hundreds of people desperate (极度渴望的) to adopt a child.mute [kə'mjuːt] vi. （搭乘车、船等）通勤•We drive less than we used to, and commute by bike or foot more.19.supportive [sə'pɔːtɪv] a. 支持的support vt. 支持•Luckily, although my parents never set foot in a university, they were pleased and supportive, taking me as an adult when I turned 18.20.intend [ɪn'tend] vt. 打算•We intend to continue (继续) our family efforts to live more healthily.21.simultaneous [,sɪm(ə)l'teɪnɪəs] a. 同时的•More than 20 people were killed in today's almost simultaneous bombings (爆炸) in the heart of Baghdad.22.advocate ['ædvəkeɪt；-ət] vt. 提倡，主张n. 提倡者•But such a strategy, which I used to advocate myself, no longer fits our time.•She is an advocate of organ donation (器官捐献) and travels to deliver speeches about her experience.23.initiative [ɪ'nɪʃɪətɪv; -ʃə-] n. 主动性，首创精神•The initiative is supported by both parents and students, which can help the students to cultivate the socials skills necessary for the future development.24.additional [ə'dɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l] a. 附加的，额外的•We try to advocate for more supportive policies to reduce dependence on automobiles through initiatives such as additional bike lanes, walking paths, and so on.25.option ['ɒpʃ(ə)n] n. 选项，选择权•He's argued from the start that the US and its allies (盟国) are putting too much emphasis on the military option.（本周单词出自Reading 1, Unit 1, Book 2）第3周1.affordable [ə'fɔːdəbəl] a. 负担得起的afford vt. 买得起•Solar water heaters (太阳能热水器) are one of the most affordable ways that a household can generate hot water year round.2.be home to 为...所在地•China is now home to 27 million rooftop (屋顶) solar water heaters.3.manufacture [mænjʊ'fæktʃə] vt. 制造•And finally—perhaps most importantly—the increasing requirement to design, manufacture, and sell cars inside major markets.4.relative ['relətɪv] a. 相对的n. 亲戚•The book world meets at a moment of relative calm during an age of revolutionary (革命性的) change.5.leapfrog['liːpfrɒg] v. 跳跃；越级提升•This relatively simple low-cost technology, the rooftop solar water heaters, has leapfrogged into villages that do not yet have electricity.6.install [ɪnˈstɔ:l] vt. 安装•The cost of installing these solar water heaters is priced at only a few hundreds US dollars.7.recoup [rɪ'kuːp] vt. 收回；补偿•The cost can be recouped by the average house in as little as a few years.8.sweep[swiːp] v. 扫除，扫•This technology, the solar water heater, is sweeping China like wildfire (野火).9.approach [ə'prəʊtʃ] n. 方法，途径vt. 接近•We keep urging Tokyo to spend more money, but Japan has been trying that shop-worn (陈旧的) approach for years.•Nowadays, the solar water heater technology has been approaching millions of households in China.munity [kəˈmju:nətɪ] n. 社区，团体•Certainly the international community has responsibilities and I think we have lived up to (不辜负) our responsibilities.11.boost[buːst] vt. 促进，增加n. 推动•Beijing plans to boost the current 114 square meters of rooftop solar collectors for heating water to 300 million by 2020.•In the meantime the big oil stocks like ExxonMobil, Chevron, and Occidental got a little boost today.12.switch to转换到•Admittedly, it was fairly easy to switch to an Adroid phone from my iPhone.13.price [praɪs] n. 价格vt. 给...定价•Tickets for individual concerts are priced from between 14 to 20 Euros and are available on Digitick.14.misfortune [misˈfɔ:tʃən] n. 不幸，厄运•These children—and the many adults who endure similar misfortune—are worthy of our attention, and our charity.monplace ['kɒmənpleɪs] a. 平凡的，普通的•What is confusing is that while China has found a way to have an affordable price for these units and make them commonplace in China, it’s very rare to see a unit like this in America.16.mystery [ˈmɪst(ə)ri] n. 秘密，神秘的事物mysterious a. 神秘的•One part of the mystery that remains hard to explain: Rawls' bike was found at home.•You have to wonder who are these mysterious persons that he sees, whose identities must never be revealed (揭露).17.lie in在于•The answer to the rare presence of solar water heaters in America lies in the fact that compared to China, units in America are priced in the thousands.parable ['kɒmp(ə)rəb(ə)l] a. 可比较的compare vt. 比较•Even with tax credits, they are still priced much higher than a comparable system you would find in China.19.feature['fiːtʃə] n. 特色vt. 以...为特色•But when one provider comes up with a new feature, others typically follow suit.•The festival will feature 146 concerts, performers from six continents and live music over 10 days.20.current ['kʌr(ə)nt] a. 现在的，最近的•Any losses in excess (超量) of this amount will result in no current income tax benefit. 21.imagine [ɪ'mædʒɪn] v. 想象•Advertisers will see this and I can imagine the emergence (出现) of a new advertising technique.22.emission[ɪ'mɪʃ(ə)n] n. 发射；散发emit vt. 发出；发表•These solar water heaters can not only lower our energy costs while cutting carbon emissions (碳排放).•Finally, cell phones emit the most radiation (辐射) when they are attempting to connect to cellular towers.23.storage ['stɔːrɪdʒ] n. 贮藏store vt. 储藏•In addition, in the U.S., people only have water tanks in their basements instead of having a storage tank on the roof.24.nevertheless [nevəðə'les] ad. 尽管如此；然而•Nevertheless, there are many important economic and social failures that are part of the Thatcher legacy.25.principal[ˈprinsəpəl] a. 主要的，首要的n. 校长；本金•Teaching is her principal source of income.（本周单词1-24出自Reading 2, Unit 1, Book 2，25出自四级核心词汇）第4周1.exchange [ɪks'tʃeɪndʒ; eks-] vt. / n. 交换，交易•His company became the first private (私有的) education company to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 2006.2.correspondence [kɒrɪ'spɒnd(ə)ns] n. 通信；一致•The insurance company will not accept email or fax correspondence as they require anoriginal signature.•In African languages there is a close correspondence between sounds and letters.3.overwhelm [əʊvə'welm] vt. 淹没；压倒•After examining the correspondence, the daughter was highly overwhelmed.4.romance [rə(ʊ)'mæns; 'rəʊmæns] n. 传奇，浪漫•Midlife romance can be like trying to do the tango without ever taking a lesson.5.bring oneself to do something 强迫或者促进自己做某事•Despite her mother’s urging, she had never been able to bring herself to read those romantic letters.6.retire [rɪ'taɪə] vi. 退休•At the age when most people retire, he is ready to face a new career.•And the baby boomers (生育高峰中出现的人) are living longer, creating an imbalance between workers and retired.7.dominate ['dɒmɪneɪt] vt. 支配；占优势dominance n. 支配•For example, when spouses work together in a business, it tends to dominate their personal life.8.of late近来•All day, I have been fighting the feeling which has been dominating me of late.9.continually [kən'tɪnjʊəlɪ] ad. 不断地，频繁地continue v. 继续•Others are not so rich; they're continually in the situation of being short of cash.10.sympathize ['sɪmpə'θaɪz] vt. 同情，怜悯•Unlike a lot of self-made people, Hays has never ceased (停止) to sympathize with ordinary people.11.undergo [ʌndə'gəʊ] vt. 经历，经受•Although the work here is tough, I try not to feel sorry for myself, because I know you are the one who is undergoing so many difficulties.12.hardship ['hɑːdʃɪp] n. 困苦，苦难•They reportedly said they had been forced into drug trafficking (走私) because of "financial hardship".pensate ['kɒmpenseɪt] v. 补偿，赔偿•To keep profits rising, companies have been cutting costs to compensate for slow sales.14.endure [ɪn'djʊə; en-; -'djɔː] v. 忍耐，容忍•Without our daughter, I could not imagine how can I endure being parting with you for so long a time.15.separation [sepə'reɪʃ(ə)n] n. 分离，间隔•Unable to bear the separation from my family, I finally quit the job and go home.16.bow to屈从，顺从•However, China has never shown any inclination (倾向) to bow to pressure in any area.17.bloom[bluːm] n. 花vi. 开花•All the spring flowers are beginning to bloom now and the sight of them just increases my longing for you.18.impressive [ɪm'presɪv] a. 给人印象深刻的impress vt. 使...钦佩；使...印象深刻•Indonesia has made impressive strides (进展) in meeting the global Education for All (EFA) targets.•What impressed him most was their speed.19.postpone [pəʊs(t)'pəʊn; pə'spəʊn] vt. 延迟•Does it really matter if sometimes we have to postpone what we had planned?20.glamour ['ɡlæmə] n. 魅力，魔力glamorous a. 迷人的•India has used Bollywood glamour to promote the Taj Mahal, one of the seven winners.•It may take a while before it witnesses (见证) anything as glamorous as these three days in November.21.gaze upon盯，凝视•I am sitting at the kitchen table from which place by merely lifting my head and looking out of the window I can gaze upon a truly silver, full moon.22.tragedy ['trædʒɪdɪ] vt. 悲剧•While she was reading those letters, she discovers a heart-touching story of tragedy and love.23.contain [kən'teɪn] vt. 包含，容纳•Education institutions contain a wealth of research that often goes no further than the classroom.24.urge['ɜːdʒ] vt. 督促n. 推动力urgent a. 迫切的•And we urge restraint (克制，约束) and we urge both sides to take bold steps towards peace.•Chances are, none of this would be happening if the nation were facing urgent military threats.25.private [ˈpraɪvɪt] a. 私人的，私营的privatize vt. 使私有化•She did not want to read those letters for they are kind of the private story of her parent.（本周单词出自Text, Unit 2, Book 2）第5周1.wander ['wɒndə] v. 漫步；徘徊•What would happen to you if you suddenly found yourself wandering around in a strange town with no memory of your past or who you are?2.reveal [rɪ'viːl] vi. 显示，揭露revelation n. 启示，揭露•What needs to be considered and what can the choice reveal about wider society?•The blood led to a revelation that would end a two-day manhunt (搜捕) for Tsarnaev.3.triumph['traɪʌmf] n. 胜利vi. 获得胜利•This story tells us what it was like in a strange place and how love finally triumphed in the end.•His last visit in 1986 for the dedication of Ningbo University was a particular triumph.4.critical ['krɪtɪk(ə)l] a. 决定性的•The other critical policy that needs to be in place is one the UK has refused to endorse (赞同，签署).5.bruise[bruːz] n. 擦伤v. 碰伤，擦伤•Carrying out .the garbage (垃圾) one evening, he slipped on ice-coated (覆盖冰的) steps, and bruised his back.6.vanish['vænɪʃ] v. 消失不见•But then, all too often, the owners vanish when the company runs into debt.7.victim ['vɪktɪm] n. 受害人, 牺牲者•It turns out that no evidence proves that he has been a victim of an accident or attack.8.aimlessly ['emlɪsli] ad. 漫无目的地•People walk around aimlessly, chatting with friends, talking on smart phones, heading off to work.9.black out使失去记忆，使失去•He wandered aimlessly away from the place where he lives, with all knowledge of his past blacked out.10.overstuff [,əʊvə'stʌf] vt. 装载过度•At night, watching television, she would stare at the overstuffed armchair where Jim had dozed off evenings.11.faith [feɪθ] n.信仰，信念faithful a. 忠诚的•Although Jim did not show any sign of returning, his wife still had faith that he would come home.•She had been faithful to her promise to guard (保守) this secret.12.pry [praɪ] vi. 窥探，打探•He forgot everything, and then he could not talk about the past to his friends. Luckily, they did not pry.•They devoted most of their time and their energy to attempts to pry into the personal life of the president.13.recall [rɪ'kɔːl] vt. 召回；回想起n. 召回•The recall covers 295, 000 vehicles in the U.S., 28, 500 in Canada, and 4, 200 in Mexico.•He gradually recalled that maybe he had no father and already got married to his high school student.14.apparently [ə'pærəntlɪ] ad. 显然，似乎•Apparently the girls are not at all amused by the whole event.15.evidence ['evɪd(ə)ns] n. 证据•There's growing evidence that this lack of movement is having a big impact on travelers' health.16.phenomenon [fɪ'nɒmɪnən] n. 现象•Telling people to like themselves more is definitely not the phenomenon we are talking about.17.injury ['ɪn(d)ʒ(ə)rɪ] n. 伤害，损害•He lost much of his right arm and suffered multiple injuries.18.doze off 打瞌睡困倦•Elderly people who frequently doze off during routine daily activities have a greater chance of suffering a stroke (中风).19.peer [pɪə] n. 同龄人•His engaging (迷人的) personality made him popular with his peers.•Companies could be throwing money into a black hole in peer to peer lending.20.in burst涌入•Her breathing came in bursts, as if she had been running for a long time.21.stun [stʌn] vt. 使震惊stunned a. 震惊的•They want to stun me with a sudden birthday party.•Most readers come away stunned at how much of a jerk the guy was.22.embrace [ɪm'breɪs; em-] vt. 拥抱；欣然接受•At first people were sort of crying for joy and embracing each other.•As the war for talent continues today, we cannot afford to not embrace our internal talent.23.critical ['krɪtɪk(ə)l] a. 决定性的•The other critical policy that needs to be in place is one the UK has refused to endorse (赞同，签署).bination [kɒmbɪ'neɪʃ(ə)n] n. 结合combine vt . 结合•It is a combination of errors caused by government regulation and the free market.25.trigger ['trɪgə] vt. 引发，触发•None was critical in itself, but the combination appeared to trigger a strange result.（本周单词出自Reading 1, Unit 2, Book 2）第6周1.discourage [dɪs'kʌrɪdʒ] vt. 阻止；使气馁discouragement n. 气馁；挫折•He was accused of carrying out a deliberate policy of terror to discourage any opposition (反对).2.legend ['ledʒ(ə)nd] n. 传奇•This is a man who has been a legend for more than half a century.3.attend [ə'tend] v. 出席，参加•Zhu loved poetry and literature, but unfortunately traditions discouraged women from attending schools.4.convince [kən'vɪns] vt. 说服，使确信•Zhu convinced her father to allow her to attend school as a young man.•Although I soon convinced him of my innocence, I think he still has serious doubts about my sanity (头脑清楚).5.disguise [dɪs'gaɪz] n. 伪装vt. 掩饰，假装•We were told they left the house and went into the garage in disguise.•He made no attempt to disguise the fact that he was buying the stock.6.innocent ['ɪnəs(ə)nt]a. 无罪的，无知的innocence n.•Being an innocent bookworm (书呆子), Liang never doubt that Zhu was actually a woman.7.fraternity [frə'tɜːnɪtɪ] n. 友爱；兄弟会•Liang and Zhu immediately became close friends and even swore an oath of fraternity to each other.8.suspect [ˈsʌspekt; (for v.) səˈspekt] n. 嫌疑犯vt. 怀疑•One suspect was arrested in France and six in Switzerland on Tuesday.•But there's some reason to suspect these numbers may, if anything, flatter (奉承) real estate performance.9.puzzled ['pʌzld] a. 困惑的vt. 使困惑•When they shared a bed, Liang was always puzzled why Zhu would insist on (坚持) placinga bowl of water in the middle of the bed.•The high life expectancy in Spain has puzzled experts, as smoking rates in the country are high.10.abrupt [ə'brʌpt] a. 突然的•But all of that came to an abrupt end with the Japanese invasion in 1937.11.accompany [ə'kʌmpənɪ] vt. 陪伴，伴随•You should feel embarrassed when you are accompanied by your father at the registration time.12.simplicity [sɪm'plɪsɪtɪ] n. 朴素；天真•Throughout the journey, Zhu kept secretly hinting (暗示) to Liang that she was actually a woman, but Liang’s bookish simplicity kept him from catching Zhu’s hint.13.part [pɑːt] n. 部分；零件vt. 分离，分开•Since Liang should go back home, unwilling to part from Zhu, Liang accompanied his “brother” on her journey home.14.occasionally [əˈkeɪʒnəli] ad. 偶尔，间或•To show followers he's human, he'll occasionally share music he likes or a funny video. 15.poetry ['pəʊɪtrɪ] n. 诗•During a writing career which spanned 50 years he wrote more than 20 volumes of poetry.16.propose [prə'pəʊz] v. 建议；求婚proposal n. 提议；求婚•When Liang showed up at Zhu’s house to propose, he was surprised to discover the beautiful “sister” was actually Zhu herself.•Many walked for miles to get there -- eager to hear what their leaders would propose.•On the other hand, voters did approve a proposal to ban people from sleeping on sidewalks.17.confess [kən'fes] v. 坦白；承认•Those who confess to cheating will also be required to complete a four-hour course in ethics (伦理).18.reunion[riː'juːnjən; -ɪən] n. 重聚reunite vt. 使重聚•What started as a reunion of old friends turned into the project of a lifetime.•You can't reunite a city if your comments are going to divide a city.19.bittersweet ['bɪtəswiːt] a. 苦乐参半的•They confessed their love for each other, but this knowledge only made their reunion more bittersweet.20.procession [prə'seʃ(ə)n] n. 队伍•Unable to get married to Liang, Zhu requested her wedding procession pass by Liang grave (坟墓).21.proceed[prəu'si:d] vi. 继续前进•If you proceed without a plan, the journey will feel out of your control.22.mourn [mɔːn] v. 哀悼，忧伤•She felt cheated, took a moment to mourn, and went about the business of her day.23.hesitation [hezɪ'teɪʃn] n. 犹豫•Without hesitation, Zhu threw herself into Liang’s grave.24.emerge [ɪ'mɜːdʒ] vi. 浮现，显露• A little while later, when the sun was again shining over the land, some farmers noticed (注意到) two small butterflies emerging from Liang and Zhu’s grave.25.split [splɪt] v. 劈开；分开•Most other major hub (中心) cities, such as New York, split traffic between two or more major airports.26.hesitation [hezɪ'teɪʃn] n. 犹豫•Without hesitation, Zhu threw herself into Liang’s grave (坟墓).(本周单词出自Reading 2, Unit 2, Book 2)第7周1.passenger ['pæsɪndʒə(r)] n. 乘客•Imagine now you are in the passenger seat.2.now that既然•Now that you have this person firmly in mind, I want you to imagine you are together. 3.firmly ['fɜːmli] ad. 牢牢地•The envelope was firmly sealed.4.recklessly ['rekləsli] ad. 鲁莽地•You have to admit that your friend is driving recklessly and too fast.5.unthinkable [ʌn'θɪŋkəbl] a. 不可思议的•Then the unthinkable happens: your friend hits a pedestrian.6.pedestrian [pə'destriən] n. 行人•They ought to stop at the pedestrian crossing.7.trial ['traɪəl] n. 审讯•Your friend is put on trial and you are called to testify.8.testify ['testɪfaɪ] v. 作证•He testified that he had not seen the accident.9.witness ['wɪtnəs] n. 目击者，证人•In fact, you are the only witness to the event.10.outcome ['aʊtkʌm] n. 结果•The outcome of the trial will depend on your evidence.11.scenario [sə'nɑːriəʊ] n. 设想的场景；脚本•He put this scenario to thousands of people in a wide variety of cultures.12.appropriate [ə'prəʊpriət ] a. 恰当的•You know what is the appropriate thing for you to do.13.respondent [rɪ'spɒndənt] n. 受访者•In the U.S., 93% of respondents said they would testified against their friend.14.typical ['tɪpɪkl] a. 典型的•The typical American would feel truly bad testifying against a close friend.15.obligation[ˌɒblɪ'ɡeɪʃn] n. 义务•She feels no strong obligation to bend the truth.16.bend [bend] vt. 使弯曲，扭曲•You should not bend the truth just to save a friend from serving jail time.17.fairly ['feəli] ad. 公正•This company deals fairly with every client.18.regardless of不认；不顾及•I'll take the job regardless of the pay.19.stand up for支持；保卫•What can you do to stand up for your friend?20.count on依靠，指望•South Koreans can count on their friends to stand by them in times of need.e out显示，呈现•Her best qualities come out in a crisis.22.be accustomed to习惯于（某事）•They are accustomed to the idea that good friends naturally take care of each other.23.sufficiently [sə'fɪʃəntlɪ] ad. 充分地；充足地•He thinks his daughter is too interested in having fun and not sufficiently serious about herwork.24.intervene [ɪntə'viːn] vi. 干涉，调停•They think that good friends should intervene in each other’s lives.25.normal ['nɔːm(ə)l] a. 正常的，标准的•The two countries resumed (恢复) normal diplomatic relations.（本周单词出自Reading 1, Unit 3, Book2）第8周1.no matter what不管什么...•No matter what shape it takes, a night-time economy relies on a night-time workforce.2.refer to提到•They would be much less likely to refer to a woman as a genius.•She referred to having seen the question in one of my articles, Mystery of Friendship.3.disillusioned [dɪsɪ'luːʒ(ə)nd; -'ljuː-] a. 醒悟的，不抱幻想的•I still get surprised by friendships that endure and disillusioned by ones that slip away.4.insight ['ɪnsaɪt] n. 洞察力，洞悉insightful a. 有深刻见解的•I will try to offer some insights as to why friendships end.•We will be getting more insight into her character as she takes on more official duties. •Surely there is someone in India or China capable of more insightful economic analysis.5.relocate[riːlə(ʊ)'keɪt] v. 重新安置，迁移•The decision to relocate for a new school or job cannot help but influence a friendship.6.adjustment [ə'dʒʌs(t)m(ə)nt] n. 调整，调节•However, with gas prices still on the rise, the IRS made an adjustment midyear.7.extend [ɪk'stend; ek-] vt. 延长，延展extension n. 延展extended a. 延伸的•She said their efforts will extend beyond the traditional "72-hour campaign" they have conducted since 2002.•Of course we ought to do something about providing an extension of unemployment benefits.。
七年级英语上册 周末读写训练 WEEK TWO课件 (新版)人教新目标版 (321)
nine. ____我__们__八__点__钟__上__语__文__课__,_八__点__五__十__五__分__上__科__学__课__。______
3.I love history and I'm good at it.
____我__喜__欢__历__史__,_并__且__我__擅__长__它__。______________________
afternoon.
14
3. 彼得能够跟他的中国朋友交谈。 Peter can __t_a_l_k___ __w_i_t_h___ his Chinese
friends. 4. ——现在几点了？
——早上八点半。 —_W_h_a_t____ _t_i_m_e____ is it now? —It is ___h_a_l_f__ ___p_a_s_t__ _e_i_g_h_t___ in the morning. 5. 我喜欢历史。它是我最喜欢的科目。 I love _h_i_s_t_o_r_y_. It's my __f_a_v_o_u_r_ite___s_u_b_j_e_c.t
我六岁时就会打网球。
8
【应用】
( D )1. —________ do you have science? —I have science on Friday.
A. Where
B. What
C. Why
D. When
( B )2. —When do you get up on Sunday?
—________.
10
【举例】
at three o'clock 在三点；on Monday 在周一；
on Saturday morning 在星期六上午；
2018年七年级英语上册StarterUnits1_3第二节汉译英练习新人教目标版
第二节 汉译英
根据所提供的单词或短语，把下列句子翻译成英语，将答案写在每小题后的横线上。
1．你好吗？(how)
_______________________________________________________________
2．那个用英语怎么说？(in English)
___________________________________________________________________
3．这只钢笔是什么颜色的？(color)
____________________________________________________________________
4．这把钥匙是红色的。(red)
________________________________________________________________
5．那个杯子是蓝色的。(cup)
____________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．How are you?
2．What's that in English?
3．What color is this pen?
4．The key is red.
5．That cup is blue.
英语专业词汇学复习
1. What is lexicology?Lexico-(语素, meaning ‘word’) Lexicon(词典,字典)Lexical（(词的,词汇的) Lexicography（(词典编纂) Sociology (社会学) Psychology (心理学)Lexicology is the study of the structure, usage, origins and meanings of words.English lexicology studies English words in different aspects and from different angles.Without grammar we can express little; Without words we can express nothing.2.Define “word”A minimal free form of a language; A sound unity; A unit of meaning; A form that can function alone in a sentence.3. Origin of English WordsNative words 本族词Borrowed words / loan words 外来词Latin ，Scandinavian ，French ，Greek ，Spanish, German, Portuguese, Dutch, Arabic, Chinese, Hebrew, Persian, Japanese, Indonesian, RussianNative words: Anglo-Saxon wordsBody parts—hand, foot, arm, eye, boneNature—land, field, earth, hill, sun, moonTime—month, year, dayAnimals and plants—horse, sheep, dog, lamb, oak, elm, beechAdjectives—black, high, wide, long, smallVerbs—drive, ride, shine, choose, fly, seeAuxiliaries—shall, may, will, do, beBorrowed words P.9The boy kept interrupting the government man.Native words on P.5What features do these words have?Form the basic stock of English language most frequently used，Denote the commonest things necessary for life，Acquired earliest by children，Denote the most basic things in language Borrowingcake, knife, crop, ill, husband, Danishcoolie, litchi, dim sum, typhoon, kaolin, loquat, bureau, honor, literature, court French sauna Finnishhamburger, blitz, zinc Germanmacaroni, sonata, spaghetti Italiansultan, roc, harem, sheik, yashmak Arabicczar, commissar, intelligentsia Russiangeometry, gymnastics, tragedy, myth Greekgenius, memorandum, formula Latinkimono, judo, JapaneseReview questions(1)._____ studies the structure, meanings, origins and usage of words.A. Word formationB. LexicologyC. Morphology(2).There is a logical connection between the sound and meaning of words. This is a ____ view.A. naturalistB. conventionalistC. objective(3).____ is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.A. affixB. phraseC. word4. Morphemeneone morpheme nationtwo morphemes nation+althree morphemes inter+nation+alfour morphemes inter+nation+al+ist5.Word formation: affixation 词缀法Affix词缀(a form that is attached to a morpheme to modify meaning or function)prefix前缀,suffix后缀)root词根(the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity.)6. Word and VocabularyThe general estimate of English vocabulary is over one million words.John has a good knowledge of Middle English vocabulary.The vocabulary of Black English proved too difficult for me.The five-year-old child has acquired a vocabulary of over 2000 words.This article gives a good introduction of specialized vocabulary of nuclear physics.V ocabularyThe total number of the words in a language.All the words used in a particular period.All the words of a given dialect.All the words possessed by a person.All the words of a given discipline.Basic Word Stock and Nonbasic V ocabulary 基本词汇和非基本词汇（The common core of the language.）Rain, snow, fire, water, sun, moon, spring, summer, wind, hill;Head, foot, hand, face, father, mother, sonApple, tree, horse, cow, cat, dog, sheepCome, go, eat, beat, carry, old, youngOne, ten, hundred, I, you, who, but, as, tillCharacteristics of Basic Word StockAll national character 全民性，Stability 稳定性，Productivity 能产性，Polysemy 多义性Do these belong to basic word stock?（1）Do you know what subject matter jurisdiction is?（subject matter jurisdiction诉讼标的管辖权；事物管辖权）（2）Due to Habeas Corpus, you and Miss Fontana had a common law marriage, which entitles her to what is legally referred to as equitable division of the assets.（Due to Habeas Corpus 人身保护法, common law marriage习惯法婚姻, 同居婚姻, equitable division of the assets 资产平均分配）（3）Due to the fact that you retained the residence, Miss Fontana is entitled to full canine property ownership. We’ll enforce that ownership right now.Nonbasic V ocabulary 非基本词汇Photoscanning, indigestion, algebraTerminology 术语（technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas）Hypo, buster, bargaining chipsJargon 行话(specialized words used by members of particular arts sciences, trades and professions among themselves)Dough (money), pot (drug) slang 俚语(sub-standard words)Can-opener (all-purpose key), dip (pickpocket) argot黑话(jargon of criminals)Review questions(1) The word ‘limitless’contains two _____.A. affixesB. rootsC. morphemes(2) Which of the following is not true?A. A word is the smallest form of languageB. A word is a sound unity.C.A word has a given meaning.D.A word can be used freely in a sentence.(3) According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.A. soundsB. meaningC. formD. function(4) A word is a _____ that stands for something else in the world.A. symbolB. systemC. structureD. pattern(5) How many morphemes does this word have? What kind of morpheme?•misleadingly7. Affixation 词缀法Prefixation 前缀法Negative prefixes表示否定意义的前缀Prefixes of degree or size (extra,hyper,mini,) 表示程度、大小等意义的前缀Prefixes of orientation and attitude 表示倾向和态度等意义的前缀(pro, anti)Locative prefixes表示方位意义的前缀(intra,inter,tele, sub)Prefixes of time and order 表示时间和顺序意义的前缀(ex, fore, post, pre)Number prefixes表示数字的前缀(mono,bi,tri,penta,)Miscillaneous prefixes其他意义的前缀(eco,auto,neo)Class-changing prefixes 改变词性的前缀（a, en, un, de)Suffixation 后缀法Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to roots.The primary function of suffixes is to change the grammatical function of roots.Review questions(1) Turn the following into verbs with -en,-ify, -ize(Horror, modern, Memory, apology, False, sterile, Length, intense, Beauty, fat Sympathy, memory)He ____ for interrupting her.She tried to ____ her room with posters and plants.A study has been ordered into the feasibility of _____ the airport’s main runway by 200m. However much they _____ with her, they all felt it was her fault.Soya is excellent food to ___ cattle.Over $40000 had been spent on _____ the station._____ the bottles by immersing them in boiling water for 15 minutes.If you are employed by a company, you’re one of its _____.A politician is someone whose job is politics.The _____ in a discussion are the people who participate in it.A woman who works as a ______ does the same job as a waiter.A ____ is someone who earns their living by playing the piano.If someone examines you, you are the ____ and he/she is the _____.8.Conversion 转类法# Noun attribute•Economy measure 节约措施economic measure 经济措施•Bankruptcy lawyer处理破产诉讼的律师bankrupt businessman破了产的商人•Riot police 防暴警察riotous police 闹事的警察•Danger zone 危险区•Depth charge 深水炸弹• A department decision 部门作出的决定•Impulse buying 凭一时的冲动买东西Bankruptcy lawyer# Noun to verb, verb to nounThe newspapers headlined his long record of accomplishments.He was admitted to the university after a three-year wait.This film is a remake.# Adjective to noun–Partial conversionThese books are intended for the deaf and mute.It is highly important to distinguish between the false and the true–Complete conversionMany classics are now available in bookstores.The police are netting 25 illegals a day in ChicagoThey needed to get there within three days. No ifs and buts were accepted. So Tom got the plans and helicoptered to the host city, while David got visaed up in Berlin and went there by Air France. At the airport shop, he was attracted by some celebrity ashtrays and bought one of them .We can’t stomach such a insult.Robert Acheson roomed right next to me.He wolfed down his lunch.I’m one of his familiars.Poor innocents!The engineers ahed and ouched at the new machines.He Hamleted the chance and then regretted for it.These shoes were an excellent buy.They lifted the rifles and hit him in the small of the back.9.Word Formation: Composition/Compounding• A process of word-formation by which two or more independent words are put together to make one word.Cruise missile 巡航导弹Laserbomb 激光炸弹Fox-bat 狐蝠式战斗机(米格-25)Well-balanced 平衡了的Dog-eat-dog 狗咬狗的Cross-question 盘问Compound nounPoorhouse identity crisis Rainbow fox-bat pickpocket Inpatient Compound adjectiveBittersweet lifelong feelgood inbornOne-man (concert) Around-the-moon (flight)Be-kind-to-animal (campaign) The-end-justifies-the-means (philosophy)One-family-one-child family planning (policy)No-one-dared-to-walk-in-the-street (situation)Compound verbbreast-feed sleepwalk Undertake whitewash Badmouth10. The development of the English VocabularyHistorical Review of English V ocabularyFirst language used in Britain: CelticThe Roman Legions(古罗马军团): Latin（55-54BC）Germanic tribes: Anglo-Saxon (450)Three periods of the English LanguageOld English (450AD—1150AD) when the first Germanic tribes began to settle in England.•Anglo-Saxon—the Germanic tribes•Latin –introduction of Christianity at the end of the 6th century.•Scandinavian –Norwegian and Danish vikings•5000-6000 words; highly inflectedMiddle English (1150—1500) during the Norman Conquest.•French influenceNorman Conquest 1066•9000 French words continually flowed into English•Dutch words entered English with the trade relation.•English regained position of importance–Wycliff translation of the Bible (威克利夫)–Writings of Chaucer and Langland (乔叟、朗兰)–English gradually came back to schoolsModern English (1450—)•Early Modern English (1500-1700) 早期现代英语•Late Modern English (1700-up to now) 后期现代英语Early Modern English (1500-1700) 早期现代英语•The Renaissance 文艺复兴—a new upsurge of learning ancient Greek and Roman classics•1500-1700–over 10,000 new words entered English.•The Bourgeois Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, colonization–absorb words from all major languages in the worldLate Modern English (1700-up to now) 后期现代英语•World wars•Advances in science and technology•Thousands and thousands of new words have been created through borrowing and word-formation•New words in all walks of life: politics, economy, commerce, culture, entertainment, education, sports, transportation, mass media•From synthetic language to analytic languageGrowth of Present-day English V ocabulary 当代英语词汇的发展Reasons for new words: 为什么需要新词To express new things and new changesTo arouse public attention and interestMain sources of new words: 新词所属领域Science and technologyEconomic and political changesInfluence of other cultures and languagesNew WordsNew Words and Changing American Culture 1990, Gozzi:•45% science and technology terms;•24% terms related to life-style•11% social and economic termsModes of V ocabulary Development 词汇的发展方式Creation 创词–formation of new words by using existing materials such as roots, affixes and other elements.Semantic changes 旧词新义– an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need. Borrowing借词—absorbing words from foreign languagesReviving archaic or obsolete words古词和废弃词复活11. Word formation•Encourage Affixation词缀法Derivation派生法•Moonlight Compounding 复合法•to Pocket the money Conversion 转类法•Motel Blending拼缀法•Memo (memorandum) Clipping 截短法•UNESCO Acronymy 首字母拼写法•Babysit (from babysitter) Backformation逆构法•Sandwich Proper noun专有名词Which of the following is a compound?A.PreschoolB. school masterC. At schoolD. schoolingBlending 拼缀法Brunch—breakfast+lunch Motel—motor+hotelBotel—boat+hotel Smog—smoke+fogFour structural types of BlendingBrunch—breakfast+lunch Carbecue—car+barbecueMedicare—medical +care Sitcom –situational+comedyThree stylistic types of Blending•Slang or make-shift wordsinfanticipating--infant+anticipating•Words for science and technologybiorhythm—biological+rhythmlidar—light and radar 激光雷达•Words used in mass mediadawk—dove and hawk 中间立场的Back Formation 逆构法edit—editor caretake—caretaker Peeve—peevish Frivol—frivolous Automate—automation Destruct—destruction Sidle—sidlingClipping 截短法Phone—telephone Zoo—zoological garden Copter--helicopterFridge—refrigerator Flu—influenza Curtsy—courtesyInitialism 首字母连接词VOA WTO YZU CCTVAcronym 首字母拼音词NASA AIDS Radar UESCO Laser12. Motivation 词的理据1.Onomatopoeic motivation 拟声理据2.Semantic motivation 语义理据（figurative sense）3.Morphological motivation 形态理据4.Etymological motivation 词源理据Primary onomatopoeia 基本拟声P.60•The imitation of sound by sound.•Here the sound is truly “an echo to the sense”.e.g.Here it comes sparkling,And there it lies darkling…Spouting and frisking,…Secondary Onomatopoeia•Certain sounds and sound sequences are associated with certain senses in an expressive relationship.e.g.sn/--breath noise; quick separation or movement; creeping:sniff, snuff, snore, snort, snip, snap, snatch, snake, snail, sneak, snoop (窥探) Duplicated words or phrases• A tall clock tick-tocked on the stair.•He gave the deck a thorough riffle-shuffle and then dealt the cards. 他把牌彻底洗过一遍,然后发牌. Metaphor•They were allowed to leapfrog the long lines of traders and get immediate appointments with Chinese representatives•US influence and prestige nosedived in Africa.•The came up with a plan for drastic pruning of the bloated institution.Synecdoche 提喻Sail—ship Hand—man The smiling year—spring A Solomon—a wise man Metonymy 借代• A watched bottle never boils.•He never let his heart rule his head.Analogy 类比•talkathon (马拉松式谈话或座谈节目)•telethon (马拉松式电视广播节目)Color analogy 色彩类比His short play is in the white list. (批准上演的节目名单)grey list—非明文查禁但仍属不合法的人或物grey-collar workers—服务性行业的职工Number analogy数字类比The Fourth World (最贫国集团)The First FamilyThe three R’s (reading, writing arithmetic)Space analogy 地点空间类比•Moonscape—landscape•Marrain(火星上地形)—terrain•Earthrise—sunrise•Spacefaring(航天飞行)--seafaring反义类比•Daylighting –白天兼职,晚上主要工作•Low-rise—低层建筑•Cold line—冷线Analogy 近似类比•Missile gap (美国与苏联在导弹发展上的差距)Generation gap, development gap，Production gap, credibility gap•Watergate13.The Change of Word MeaningAlbatross 信天翁---cause of worries, misfortuneFor it is my special albatross to be related to the guy…. (p.88)Harvest---getting in the crops，crops that you get inBenchEvery time we go there, he is sitting on a park bench.（A piece of furniture for you to sit on）Here is the list of the full bench of the supreme court. （judges）He was brought before the bench. （court）Mary served on the bench and in Congress.Tom got a bench in the Parliament. (seat)This is a team with the best bench. (substitutes)They conducted the bench test successfully.（table）Central signification : furnitureSecondary meaning: judge, seat, substitute ,tableShe took her cat to the bench show. 动物展览评比会Tom’s father worked as a bench scientist for many years. 在实验室工作的科学家I am tired of being a bench warmer, nor do I want to be a bench jockey. 替补队员；在替补队员席上起哄的棒球队员（为干扰对方运动员或裁判员）Treacle1. Pertaining to wild beast.(与野兽有关的。
第1周 周末 词汇练习
第一组第1周周末词汇练习复习Lesson 11. The sign set up by the road ______ drivers to a sharp turn. [CET-6:04.1]A. alertsB. refreshesC. pleadsD. diverts2. The boy cycling in the street was knocked down by a minibus and received ______ injures.A. fatalB. excessiveC. disastrousD. exaggerated3. In addition to the rising birthrate and immigration, the ______ death rate contributed to thepopulation growth. [CET-6:03.6]A. decliningB. incliningC. descendingD. increasing4. Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply ______.A. declinedB. lessenedC. descendedD. slipped5. Parents have a legal ______ to ensure that their children are provided with efficient educationsuitable to their age.A. impulseB. influenceC. obligationD. sympathy6. Their products are frequently overpriced and ______ in quality. [CET-4:02.6]A. influentialB. inferiorC. superiorD. subordinate7. As far as the rank of position is concerned, an associate professor is ______ to a professor, though they are almost equally knowledgeable.A. attachedB. subsidiaryC. previousD. inferior8. The jobs of wildlife technicians and biologists seemed ______ to him, but one day he discoveredtheir difference. [CET-6:01.6]A. identicalB. verticalC. parallelD. specific9. There is supposed to be a safety ______ which makes it impossible for trains to collide. [CET-6:00.6]A. applianceB. accessoryC. machineD. mechanism10. His business was very successful, but it was at the ______ of his family life. [CET-4:04.6]A. consumptionB. credit1.[A]路边的标牌提醒司机注意一个急转弯。
英语词汇学总结复习资料
大家请注意：笔记中大多数是以名词解释的形式出现的，这些是绝对的基础，应该一字不漏的背下来。
其实不少简答题也就是几个定义的汇总，再加上个例子就可以拿满分了。
区分两个词的区别，主要还是指明其各自的定义。
第一章Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary1. 词的定义Word —— A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.2.声音与意义的关系There is no logical relationship between sound and meaning as the symbolic connection between them is arbitrary and conventional.E.g. “woman” means ’Frau’ in German，’Femme’ in French and ’Funv ’in Chinese. On the other hand，the same sound /rait/ can mean right，rite and write，though denoting different things，yet have the same sound.3.读音与拼写不一致的原因The difference between sound and form result from 4 major factors.（At least 80%of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns）a）. the internal reason is English alphabet does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language.b）. Pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spellingc）. Influence of the work of scribes/printing freezes the spelling of words in 1500d）. Borrowing of foreign language4. 词汇的含义Vocabulary —— Vocabulary is most commonly used to refer to the sum total of all the words of a language. It can also refer to all the words of a given dialect，a given book，a given displine and all the words possessed by an individual person as well as all the words current in a particular period of time in history.The general estimate of the present day English vocabulary is over 1 million words.5.词汇的分类的原则Classification of Words—by use frequency，by notion，by originthe English vocabulary consist of words of all kinds. they can be classified by different criteria and for different purpose . words may fall into the word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency, into content words and functional words by notion , and into native words and borrowed words by origin.基本词汇的特点1）. Basic word stock – the foundation of the vocabulary.1.all national character （most important）– natural phenomenamost common things and phenomena of the human body and relationsworld around us names of plants and animals action，size，domain，state numerals，pronouns，prep. ，conj.2. stability– they donate the commonest thing necessary to life，they are like to remain unchanged. Only relative，some are undergoing some changes. But the change is slow.e.g. arrow，bow，chariot，knight – past electricity，machine，car，plane ——now3.productivity– they are mostly root words or monosyllabic words，they can form new words with other roots and affixes.e.g. foot – football，footage，footpath，footer4.polysemy – often possess more than one meaning. Become polysemous.e.g. take to move or carry from one place to another to remove5.collocability– quite a number of set expressions，idiomatic usages，proverbial saying and others基本词汇在英语中的地位和重要性The basic word stock is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language .though words of the basic word stock constitute a small percentage of the English vocabulary ,yet it is the most important part of it .e.g. heart – a change of heart， a heart of goldNon-basic vocabulary ——(例子)1. terminology –technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicinephotoscanning，hepatitis，indigestion，penicillin，algebra，trigonometry，calculus2. jargon– specialized vocabulary in certain professions.Bottom line，ballpark figures，bargaining chips，hold him back，hold him in，paranoid3. slang—— substandard words often used in informal occasionsdough and bread，grass and pot，beaver，smoky，bear，catch，holler，Roger，X-rays，Certain words are labeled slang because of their usage.4. argot – words used by sub-cultured groupscan-opener，dip，persuader cant，jargon ，argot are associated with，or most available to，specific groups of the population.5. dialectal words– only by speakers of the dialectbeauty，chook，cocky，station，auld，build，coo，hame，lough，bog6. archaisms – words no longer in common use or restricted in use. In older poems，legal document and religious writing or speech.7. neologism– newly created words with new meaning e.g. microelectronics，futurology，AIDS，internet，E-mailold meaning acquired new meaning e.g. mouse，monitor2）. Content word （notional word）– denote clear notions.Functional word （empty word，form word）– do not have notions of their own，express the relation between notions，words and sentences.a. Content words constitute the main body of the English vocabulary are numerous.Functional words are in a small number.b. Content words are growing.Functional words remain stable.c. Functional words do far more work of expression than content words.3）. Native words –are words brought to Britain in the 15 century by the German tribes. Ango-Saxon Words，50，000-60，000What is true of the basic word stock is also true of native world. More are1. neutral in style （not stylistical specific ）2. 2.frequent in use （in academic fields and science French，Latin or Greek are used）（usage 70-90%）Borrowed words （loan words，borrowing）– words taken over from foreign language. 80%本族语词在英语中的地位和重要性Native words form the mainstream of the basic word stock and stand at the core of the language .therefore , what is true of the basic word stock is also true of native words.According to the degree of assimilation and manner of borrowing，we can bring the loan words under 4 classes.1.Denizen s– words borrowed early and now are well assimilated into English language.e.g. port from portus（L）shift，change，shirt，pork cup from cuppa（L）2.Aliens– retained their original pronunciation and spellinge.g. décor（F）blitzkreeg（G）emir，intermez，rowtow，bazaar，rajar，status quo3.translation loans– formed from the existing material in the English language but modeled on the patterns taken from another language.1）. Word translated according to the meaninge.g. mother tough from lingua maternal（L）black humor from humor noir long time no see，surplus value，master piece2）. Words translated according to the sounde.g. kulak from kyrak（Russ）lama from lama（Tib）ketchup tea4. Semantic loans– their meaning are borrowed from another languagee.g. stupid old dump new sassy dream old joy and peace pioneer old explorer/person doing pioneering work new a member of the young pioneer fresh old impertinent，sassy，cheeky第二章The Development of the English1、Indo-European language family （Europe，the Near East，India）It can be grouped into an Eastern set :Balto –Slavic 、Indo-Iranian、Armenian and Albanian; a Western set: Celtic、Italic 、Hellenic、GermanicIn the Eastern set , Armenian and Albanian are each the only modern language respectively,the Balto –Slavic comprises such modern language such as Prussian、Lithuanian、Polish、Czech、Bulgarian、Slovenian、Russian. In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian, Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from the dead language Sanskrit.In the Western set, Greek is the modern language derived from Hellenic. In the Celtic,we find Scottish, Irish,Welsh, Breton. the five Romance language ,namely, Portuguese,Spanish, French, Italian, Roumanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called Latin. The Germanic family consist of the four Northern European language :Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages. Then there is German, Dutch, Flemish and English.2、History （时间，历史事件，特征）1）Old English （450-1150）totally 50，000-60，000 wordsThe 1st people known to inhabit England were Celts，the language was Celtic.The second language was the Latin of the Roman Legions. The Germanic tribes called angles，Saxons and Jutes and their language，Anglo-Saxon dominated and blotted out the Celtic. Now people refer to Anglo-Saxon as old English. At the end of 6th century，the introduction of Christianity has a great impact on the English vocabulary. The common practice was to create new words bycombining two native words. In the 9th century，many Scandinavian words came into English. At least 900 words of Scandinavian are in modern English，our daily life and speech.特点：highly inflected language///complex endings or vowel changes （full ending）2）Middle English （1150-1500）English，Latin，FrenchUntil 1066，although there were borrowings from Latin，the influence on English was mainly Germanic. But the Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English.By the end of the 13th century，English gradually come back into public areas.Between 1250 and 150 about 9000 words of French origin pouered into English. 75% of them are till in use today.As many as 2500 words of Dutch origin come into English.特点：fewer inflections leveled ending3）Modern English （1500-up to now）early modern English （1500-1700）late modern English（1700-up to now）The Renaissance(the early period)，Latin and Greek were recognized as the languages of the West ern world’s great literary heritage.From the 1500’s through the 1700’s ,many writers experimented with words. Over 10000 new words entered the English language .many of these were taken from Latin and Greek .The Industrial Revolution was in the mid-17 century. With the growth of colonization，British tentacles began a stretching out of to every corner of the globe，thus enabling English to absorb words from all major languages of the world.After World War II，many new words have been created to express new ideas，inventions and scientific achievements.More words are created by means of word-formation.thousands and thousands of new words have been entered to express new ideas inventions，and scientific achievements.more words are created by means of word-formation.in modern English，word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present analytic language.science and technology terms make up about 45% of new words. words associated with life-style constitute of 24% and social and economic terms amount to over 10% .mention should be made of an opposite process of development i.e. old words falling out if use.特点：ending are almost lost.3. Three main sources new words当代英语词汇发展的现状New words sweep in at a rate much faster than at any other historical period of time .词汇发展的主要原因1).The rapid development of modern science and technology2).Social: economic and political changes3).The influence of other cultures and languages4. Three modes of vocabulary development（英语发展的三个主要方式：创造新词、旧词新意、借用外来语词）1. Creation – the formation of new words by using the existing materials，namely roots，affixes and other elements. （This is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.）2. Semantic change - an old form which take on a new meaning to meet the new need.3. Borrowing – to take in words from other languages.（played a vital role in the development of vocabulary , particularly in earlier times）4. （Reviving archaic or obsolete）French 30%，Latin 8%，Japanese Italian 7%，Spanish 6%，German Greek 5%，Russian Yiddish 4%第三章Word Formation*1. Morpheme(词素) ——A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of a language. （The smallest functional unit in the composition of words.）*2.Morph—— A morpheme must be realized by discrete units. These actual spoken minimal carriers of meaning are morphs.3.Monomorphenic words– morphemes are realized by single morphs.4.Allomorph（词素变体）——Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph according to their position. Such alternative morphs are allomorphemes. E.g. the morpheme of plurality （-s）has a number if allomorphemes in different sound context，e.g. in cats/s/，in bags/z/，in matches/iz/.5. Free morphemes or Free root —— The morphemes have complete meaning and van be used as free grammatical units in sentences，e.g. cat，walk. They are identical with root words. morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are considered to be free.6.Bound Morphemes——The morphemes cannot occur as separate words. They are bound to other morphemes to form words，e.g. recollection （re+collect+ion）collect – free morpheme re-and –ion are bound morphemes. （include bound root and affix）Bound morphemes are found in derived words.7.Bound root ——A bound root is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning just like a free root. Unlike a free root，it is a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words. Take -dict- for example：it conveys the meaning of “say or speak” as a Latin root，but not as a word. With the prefix pre-（=before）we obtain the verb predict meaning “tell beforehand”。
每周原创阅读训练(三)(2012.10.20修订)
每周原创阅读训练（三）. 2013届高三英语备课组 2012.9.25 1 每周原创阅读训练（三） 2013届高三备课组 命题：Lynn, Yeming, Shelia, Shining, Crystal, Spring, Nancy 组稿：Spring
校对：Cloud
II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section B （9分） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. raising B. stuffed C. challenge D. economically E. route F. cheered G. efforts H. fitter I. humbled J. founded A grandfather finished his 30th consecutive half marathon with a fridge strapped to his back on Sunday when he completed the Great North Run. Tony Phoenix-Morrison, 48, has dragged the 40kg appliance along the Newcastle to South Shields 41 30 times in as many days – a total distance of 390 miles. He was 42 all the way and met at the finish line by his childhood hero Brendan Foster, the runner who 43 the race in 1981 and, like him, is from Hebburn, South Tyneside. Phoenix-Morrison has been 44 money for the Sir Bobby Robson Foundation, which funds cancer research. His online donation page tops £9,000 and spectators who have stopped him during his runs over the past month have given a similar amount. An emotional Phoenix-Morrison said: “People have been amazing. Every step has been cheered all the way along the run. “I‟m feeling honoured to be able to carry out this 45 . It represents the daily struggle people with cancer have, and the 46 to fight cancer.” He confessed he was not sure he could complete the challenge and said he had been lucky in avoiding injury. He usually completes the 13-mile course in about two hours 40 minutes but Sunday‟s 47 took just over three hours as he stopped to talk to well-wishers, many of whom handed him money for the cause that he then stuffed in his fridge. “Millions and millions of pounds have been raised for charity, a huge amount of people have got 48 because of it, and it‟s benefited the local economy and enhanced the reputation of the north-east. “Brendan is my childhood hero, so to see him waiting for me at the end – top that. “I am truly 49 and blessed to have completed the challenge because people wanted me to do it. I had some bad days but along the line there were a couple of rainbows.”
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Grade 12 Weekly Vocabulary Test (3) (B7M2)
I. Put the following Chinese into English or vice versa. (注：phr. --- phrase 短語) (36*2)
Chinese English English Chinese
最精彩的部分 (n.)
chart
同龄人 (n.)
prom
能力，本领 (n.)
elect
回顾，回忆 (phr.)
issue
玩的开心 (phr.)
consider
好竞争的 (adj.)
nursery
租用 (v.)
sew
很可惜...... (phr.)
woollen
巨大的 (adj.)
suitcase
口号，标语 (n.)
luggage
摄影术 (n.)
pillow
渴望的，热切的(adj.)
worn
就我而言(phr.)
armchair
在我看来(phr.)
decoration
被看作...(phr.)
kettle
滑水运动(phr.)
cushion
有可能(phr.)
shabby
提供食宿的(adj.)
innocent
G12 ______ Name________________________
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II. Fill in the blanks according to the Chinese given. (14*2)
1. Something else I’ve greatly enjoyed is working as a peer _________ (调解人), someone
who helps students to __________ (解决) problems that they have with other students.
2. I’ve been _____ (滑雪) quite a few times, but never with the school, and since two good
friends came on the trip, we had great fun ______ (赛跑) each other down the slopes.
3. I don’t ____________ (谴责) this kind of behaviour. I just feel that it should not be
allowed in the workplace.
4. African-Americans gained many ________ ________ (公民应有的权利) during the
1960’s and 1970’s, but that doesn’t mean that everything is totally fair right now.
5. Many ____________ (难民) from the ethnic war in Sudan are seeking refuge in the
European Union.
6. Every day the secretary feels like she faces ______________ (威胁，胁迫), not only from
her boss but also from other secretaries.
7. More than 1,000 people signed a _____________ (请愿书) to prevent the government
from building a new airport in the city’s east.
8. The ___________ (被驱逐出境者) had faced hours of interrogation before being forced
to leave the country.
9. The ____________ (发言人) of the charity announced how aid will be distributed to
those who have been affected by the recent floods.
10. Although Leon was a social _________ (不被特定团体接纳者) in high school, he later
enjoyed great popularity when he founded a computer software company.
11. Harriet sued her boss for sexual ____________ (骚扰) after he made several disparaging
remarks about her figure.
12. George says that he doesn’t have any _________ (成见，偏见) towards other races.