高一英语下学期期末复习专题(必修4重点词汇讲解含解析)

要点一：observe (2017•新课标全国卷III改编) Just last year, I was a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman excused the interruption and handed me an envelope. I stopped teaching and opened it up. A. observing B. preparing C. designing D. conducting 【参考答案】D 【知识讲解】 1. observe (1)vt. 观察；观测 observe sth. 观察某事物 observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事 observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事 observe that... 观察到…… (2)vt. 遵守 observe the traffic rules遵守交通规则 2. observer n.观察者；观测者；遵守者 observation n. 观测；监测；观察，观察力 under observation 被监视 【易混辨析】observe/look at/see/watch/notice 易混词 用法 observe ＂观察＂，侧重于从不同的角度长时间地看并研究。 look at ＂集中注意力地看＂，强调动作。 see ＂看见，看到＂，强调结果，一般不用进行时态。 watch ＂注视，注意或仔细地看或观察＂，侧重所看事物的变化、移动和发展。 notice ＂看到，注意到，觉察到＂，指(偶然)看到细小的但可能重要的事情，强调结果。 【特别注意】 observe sb. do sth. 指的是观察某人做某事的全过程，do为不带to的动词不定式，变成被动语态时要把to 补充出来，即sb. be observed to do sth.。相似用法的还有使役动词(如make)、感官动词(如see，hear等)。observe sb. doing sth. 指的是观察到某人正在做某事，变成被动语态为sb. be observed doing sth.。 observe及物动词，作＂留心到；注意到；观察＂解时，其用法与see, hear等相似，可用于以下句型：①跟带有不带to的不定式的复合结构，但在被动结构中，不定式必须带to。②跟带有现在分词的复合结构，表示＂注意到的动作＂正在进行。也可以跟从句。 【巧学妙记】口诀巧记各种＂看＂： 看场电影用see，读书看报用read； 电视、戏剧和比赛，凡是表演用watch； observe细观察，一时注意notice。 要点二：respect 1. (2017•新课标全国卷II改编)We were ______________(respect) of craft（技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. 2. (2016•新课标全国卷I改编) They had little _________________ (敬意) for their grandparent. 3. (2016•北京改编) I want to prove that I can teach myself a _____________(respect) profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors. 【参考答案】 1. respectful 2. respect 3. respectful 【知识讲解】 1. respect (1)vt. & n. 尊敬，尊重 respect sb. for sth. 因……而尊敬某人 respect oneself自重 (2) n. 敬意，尊重；方面，关于 have respect for sb. =pay/show respect to sb. 尊敬某人 gain/get/earn/win the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊敬 out of respect (for…) 出于尊重(……) treat old people with respect 充满敬意地对待老人 in respect of 关于……；就……而言 with respect to关于/谈到…… 2. respectable adj. 可敬的，值得尊敬的；体面的 a respectable person 一个正派的人 respectful adj. 恭敬的；有礼貌的 be respectful to their elders 对长辈有礼貌 respected adj. 受敬重的 respective adj. 各自的，分别的 要点三：argue 1. (2017•浙江改编) The governments ______________(争论) that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures. 【参考答案】argue 2. (2014•广东) According to a recent research, the most common between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. A. interest B. argument C. link D. knowledge 【参考答案】B 【知识讲解】 1. argue vi. 争吵，争论；vi. & vt. 辩论，主张，说服 argue for/against sth. 赞成/反对…… argue with sb. (over/about sth.) (就某事)和某人争论 argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事 argue that... 主张……；认为…… argue back 反驳 2. argument n. 争论；争吵，论据，论证 have an argument about/over sth. 辩论某事 a heated/loud argument 激烈的争论 beyond argument 无可争辩 【语境妙记】 The workers, who argued for their own rights, argued with the boss for a few days, but failed to argue him into giving them a rise in wages. 为了自身的权利争论的工人们同他们的老板辩论数日，结果没能说服老板给他们加薪。 要点四：look down upon/on 1. We should not _______________________ disabled people. 我们不应该看不起残疾人。 2. (2017•新课标全国卷II改编)Let’s take a look ______________ them now. 3. (2017•新课标全国卷III改编)Sarah Thomas is ______________(期望) the challenge of her new A-level course. 【参考答案】 1. look down on/upon 2. at 3. looking forward to 【知识讲解】 look up to 敬仰，尊重 look up 抬头看；查阅 look out 当心，小心 look into 调查；了解 look through 浏览；审查；看穿 look on/upon...as... 把……看作…… look forward to 盼望，期待 look down upon/on蔑视，瞧不起 要点五：refer to (2017•新课标全国卷I改编)What does the underlined phrase ＂the water catcher＂ in paragraph 2 ______________(指的是)? 【参考答案】refer to 【特别注意】 refer to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词等作宾语。 【知识讲解】 1. refer to (1)查阅；参考 refer sb. to sth. 让(人)参考……，让(人)参阅…… (2)谈到，提及；涉及 refer to...as... 把……称作…… refer to sb. for sth. 向某人问及…… 2. refer...to... 把……归因/归于……；把……提交给…… 3. reference n. 提及，涉及；参考，参考书 for reference以备查阅 要点六：intend 1. (2017•天津改编) You write an unkind message about someone, ______________ (intend) to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you’re discussing. 2. (2017•天津改编) Clicking ＂reply all＂ ______________(unintention) 3. (2017•新课标全国卷II改编)So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, ______________(intend) back and forth. 【参考答案】 1. intending 2. unintentionally 3. intentional 【知识讲解】 1. intend vt. 计划；打算 intend to do/doing sth. 打算/想要做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 计划让某人做某事 be intended for/to do... 旨在，预定……用途；为……打算的 had intended to do...=intended to have done... 本打算做…… intend that… 打算…… 2. intended adj. 打算的；故意的 intention n. 意图；目的；打算 with the intention of… 怀着……目的