the short message managent system based on J2me
广东2023年a级6月英语考试真题
广东2023年a级6月英语考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1广东2023年A级6月英语考试真题Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. He is going to the cinema.B. He is not interested in the film.C. He has already seen the movie.D. He will get some information about the movie.2. A. It’s easy.B. It’s far.C. It’s delicious.D. It’s difficult.3. A. The woman is out of office.B. The woman is the manager’s secretary.C. The man will call the manager later.D. The man can’t leave a message for the woman.4. A. Carrying books.B. Walking to the office.C. Leaving for the library.D. Going to meet the man.5. A. In the garden.B. In the living room.C. In the dining room.D. In the kitchen.6. A. The woman doesn’t like her new hairstyle.B. The woman thinks the man is polite.C. The woman will go to the salon with the man.D. The woman has never visited the salon.7. A. Visit his grandparents.B. Have a party at home.C. Stay at a hotel.D. Go sightseeing.8. A. The man should hurry up.B. The man should take the bus.C. The man can buy the tickets on the train.D. The man can buy the tickets online.9. A. She has always wanted to be a designer.B. She knows what the man does for a living.C. She will apply for the design job.D. She has seen the job ad.10. A. She is satisfied with her present job.B. She doesn’t have a job.C. She is looking for a job.D. She enjoys housework.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage One11. A) Check into a hotel.B) Buy travel insurance.C) Book a flight ticket.D) See a travel agent.12. A) The man will leave his suggestion to the woman.B) The man doesn’t agree with the woman’s choice.C) The man suggests the woman take a long vacation.D) The man has planned the woman’s trip.13. A) The woman enjoys traveling alone.B) The woman will go to the airport with the man.C) The woman needs more time to plan the trip.D) The woman prefers to travel in the company of others.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) Their love for traveling.B) Their passion for studying English.C) Their friendship.D) Their taste for music.15. A) One of the girls’ birthday.B) The result of the women’s study.C) The music concert the women attended.D) The test the women will take.16. A) Next Saturday.B) Next weekend.C) The following Sunday.D) The day after the music concert.17. A) She has to apply for a job.B) She wants to take a trip.C) She plans to catch up with her schoolwork.D) She hopes to succeed in her exam.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) BedroomsB) GardensC) CountrysideD) Living rooms19. A) More free time.B) Less leisure time.C) Poorer health.D) More social activities.20. A) The development of the spring.B) The feeling that comes from growing plants.C) The different patterns of flowers.D) The reason people love plants so much.Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Every person has a different taste when it comes to food and drink, which means that every culture must have its special dishes. Some countries like India and China, think that the food in their restaurants is the best in the world. The variety, they say, is unrivaled (无可比拟的), while the quality is superior to that of Western countries.On the other hand, some Western countries, like France, cannot believe the praises for the food in other parts of the world. They think that their own food is by far the best. TheFrench have always been proud of their cooking and they are famous for the wonderful meals that they eat. Traditional French cooking is a matter of good taste as well as good health.21. According to this passage, what can we learn about food and drink?A) Every culture has its special dishes.B) The food in India is the best.C) The food in every country tastes the same.D) The French like Indian food.22. Many people in Western countries think that French food is the best in the world because _____.A) it is the cheapestB) it is the healthiestC) it is the tastiestD) it is the most popular23. The French people are proud of _____.A) their traditional cookingB) their fast foodC) their special restaurantsD) their clothes24. “Variety” in the first paragraph refers to _____.A) the qualityB) the priceC) the amountD) the taste25. The French are famous for _____.A) their clothingB) their wonderful mealsC) their beautiful citiesD) their good healthPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.People no longer have time to relax. As a result, there are more health problems than ever before. Small health problems have a way of growing into big ones.When under stress, we no longer eat a balanced diet. We no longer feel the need to take exercise and our sleep patterns are different.In the past, things were very different. People worked to live, not lived to work. Work came second to family. Now with little or no free time, people choose to spend their time entertaining themselves with fast food, computer games, television or the Internet. Time spent outdoors is minimal (最小限度).When we feel unwell, many of us reach for the medicine cabinet quickly. This can act as a temporary relief from health problems, but is it the long-term answer to all health problems?26. What can be learned about health problems from this passage?A) They can be solved by taking medicine.B) They are caused by eating a balanced diet.C) They are growing bigger because of the lack of time to relax.D) They are decreasing with the increasing of free time.27. According to the passage, why do people no longer feel the need to take exercise when under stress?A) They are too busy to maintain a balanced diet.B) They are too tired to do exercise.C) They cannot sleep well.D) They are too busy entertaining themselves in other ways.28. What did people choose to spend their time on in the past?A) Reading books.B) Playing computer games.C) Watching TV.D) Family matters.29. What does the writer imply (暗示) about medicine in the last paragraph?A) It cannot bring temporary relief from health problems.B) It cannot solve long-term health problems.C) It can find a solution to all health problems.D) It can work as a permanent answer to all health problems.30. What do people choose to entertain themselves with now?A) Fast food.B) Computer games.C) Television.D) The Internet.Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.7 pieces of advice on how to get a better day1. Get enough sleepMost of us need about 8 hours sleep a night. Try to keep regular hours, as far as possible, get up and go to bed at the same time every day.2. Plan some quiet timeIt’s easy to feel rushed and anxious if you try to do too much. Plan to take time out each day.3. Do some physical activityYou don’t have to go to the gym. Just take a 45—minute walk in the evening.4. Find ways to relaxListening to music, having a bath or talking to a friend.5. Meet friends and have some funMake time for people who make you laugh and do things you enjoy.6. Cut down on alcoholIf you drink a lot, try to cut down. Or have a drink free day.7. Eat wellDon’t skip meals, especially breakfast.Write all 7 pieces of advice to remind yourself:31. What does the writer suggest in the first piece of advice?A) Have a leisure life.B) Get 10 hours sleep a night.C) Get a lot of sleep.D) Stick to a routine.32. What will happen if you try to do too much?A) You will never feel rushed.B) You will feel fast and unsettled.C) You will live by yourself.D) You will have a good life.33. What does the writer say about physical activities in the third piece of advice?A) Even a 20 minute walk in the afternoon is enough.B) A 20 minute walk in the morning is enough.C) A 45-minute walk in the evening is necessary.D) You should join a gym.34. What is the recommended way to relax in the fourth piece of advice?A) Reading a book.B) Having a bath.C) Doing the housework.D) Watching TV.35. What does the writer say about alcohol in the sixth piece of advice?A) Don’t drink at all.B) Drink as much as you like.C) Drink regularly.D) Try to cut down on alcohol.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.People need to make a living, to have shelter and to have food on the table. But this is not what life is just about. People are free thinking beings, and need friends and relationships with their family. However, to spend time with other people they must have time to do so.People need to spend time outdoors, to enjoy nature, to exercise and breathe fresh air. Sometimes, simply being close to the sea, or the river, can help people to feel that life is worth living.When people stop and listen to a piece of beautiful music, they sometimes feel the same way. When they read a beautiful poem they may feel a connection with the author. When they draw a picture, or cook a meal, they feel good and happy. People need to feel that they are part of the world, and are not isolated. This is why we take part in the arts.36. What must people have time for in order to spend time with others, according to this passage?A) Working.B) Watching TV.C) Reading books.D) Resting.37. What is important for people to do outdoors, according to the passage?A) Chatting.B) Cooking.C) Breathing fresh air.D) Eating fast food.38. How might people feel when they are close to a river?A) Relaxed.B) Isolated.C) Lonely.D) Tired.39. What may people feel when they read a beautiful poem?A) A connection with the author.B) A lack of interest.C) Disgust.D) A break with the author.40. Why do people take part in the arts, according to the writer?A) To have a living.B) To have shelter.C) To breathe fresh air.D) To feel they are part of the world.Part III Vocabulary (15 minutes)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.41. You _____ finish the project ahead of time, provided you work hard.A) willB) canD) shall42. We should find _____ to solve the problem as soon as possible.A) a different wayB) a different waysC) the different waysD) different ways43. We must respect _____ opinions even if we don’t agree with them.A) anotherB) othersC) the othersD) others’44. She appears lonely, but _____ she has many friends.A) the factB) in factC) actually45. We _____ our destination until 5 o’clock.A) will not arrive atB) will not arrive inC) will not arrive toD) will not arrive46. The storm blew over the bridge, _____ it.A) completely destroyingB) completely destroyedC) completely be destroyedD) completely being destroyed47. If the research is correct, _____.A) it will be finished by the end of the yearB) it would be finished by the end of the yearC) it will have been finished by the end of the yearD) it would have been finished by the end of the year48. One-third of the students _____ the competition were girls.A) attendingB) was attendedC) who attendD) who attended49. You need to set a clear, _____ goal for yourself.A) achieveB) achievableC) achievementD) achieving50. My brother is fond of traveling and _____.A) so am IB) so do IC) so I amD) so I do51. The new policy has _____ a positive effect on the company.A) already hadB) already havingC) will have hadD) had already52. The dog was lost and we didn’t know _____.A) what to doB) how to doC) to do whatD) to do how53. The teacher had no choice but _____ the student out of the classroom.A) having to sendB) to sendC) sendD) sent54. This ticket _____ you to travel anywhere in the city.A) allowsB) permitsC) admitsD) passes55. The performance will be held _____ raining.A) despiteB) althoughC) in case ofD) because ofPart IV Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Advantage of Learning a Second Language”. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:1. 双语能力对于现代社会来说是很重要的。
IEC 61375论文
IEC 61375-1 International Standards for Train CommunicationCHRISTOPSHC HAFERS,GERNOTH ANSDaimlerChrysler Rail Systems GmbHTTCESDE; Neustadter Str. 62; D-68309 MannheimChristoph.Schaefers@man.Adtranz.de; Gernot.Hans @man.Adtranz.de Abstract：The communication system within a train is a central issue for train system integration. Historically,there have been numerous, proprietary and non-interoperable solutions. IEC 61375 have now been issued as a set of international standards to overcome this situation.IEC 61375, the Train Communication Network (TCN), defines a communication architecture and the necessary protocols for non-vital communication on train and on vehicle level. It consists of a two-layered, hierarchical architecture to suit the needs of inter- and intra-vehicle communication.This protocol suite has been successfully explored in operational test trains as well as in large number of actual running projects for DMUS, EMUS, high-speed trains, locomotives, passenger trains, suburban trains, as well as trams. It is used for new vehicles and for vehicle refurbishment. The article focuses on the TCN standards, it development and application in actual projects.Key words: communication architecture; Agreement; TCN1. TCN DevelopmentIn 1988, IEC Technical Committee founded Working Group 22 to standardize a common train communication network for railway applications. In parallel (1990 -1996), a Joint Development Project (JDP) was founded by several rail system suppliers (ABB, AEG, Firema, Siemens) to jointly develop a common prototype for such a communication system and prove the feasibility of the concept. The output of this project was a reference implementation of hardware and software for a TCN network and a laboratory test bed to verify and to tune the behavior.In 1994/95, the devices developed were used in an ERR1 test train running in regular operation between Interlaken, Switzerland and Amsterdam, Netherlands. The tests were executed by the "Industriegruppe Zugbus" (IGZ: ABB, AEG, Firema, Holec, Siemens) and were used to further improve TCN in regular operation. In October 1999, TCN became International Standard (IS). The work on standardizing the application level was done in the development of the TCN system.2. Train Communication Network (TCN)The TCN has been standardized by IEC (IEC 61375-1) and by the IEEE (Std 1473-1999 IEEE Standard for Communications Protocol Aboard Train).2.1 General ArchitectureThe architecture of the TCN addresses all relevant topologies used in rail vehicles. It comprises two levels, the Wire Train Bus(WTB) and the Multifunction V ehicle Bus (MVB). A vehicle may be equipped with one or several vehicle busses. A vehicle busmay span one or several vehicles as in the case of mass-transit train-sets (MUS) which are not separated during operation. To cope with a variety of coaches and equipment, TCN uses logical addressing: every node of the train bus is expected to support a number of application functions which are each accessible by a unique function number. The vehicle's internal hardware infrastructure must therefore not be known.Each function may be executed by one or by several devices or by the train bus node itself; and each device may execute multiple functions. From the outside, it looks as if the node would be executing all functions itself; the internal structure is invisible from the outside.2.2 Multifunction Vehicle Bus (MVB)The Multifunction Vehicle Bus (MVB) has been specified as the vehicle bus that connects equipment on-board vehicles and between vehicles in a closed train-set.The MVB operates at 1.5 Mbit/s over three media:(1) RS-485 for short distance (Electrical Short Distance Bus, ESD for up to 20m and ESD+' for up to 200 m)(2))transformer-coupled twisted wire pairs for up to 200 m (Electrical Middle Distance Bus, EMD);(3)optical fibers for distances up to 2000 m (Optical Glass Fiber, OGF), especially to be used in EMC harsh environments.The different media can be interconnected directly with repeaters. The introduction of the vehicle bus allows to reduce considerably the amount of cabling and to increase reliability.The MVB is controlled by a dedicated bus master which may be backed up by redundant masters to increase availability. The MVB is supported by an integrated bus controller (MVBC) which allows to build simple devices without a processor. This chip provides line redundancy at the physical layer: a device transmits on both redundant lines but listens to only one while monitoring the other. The MVB provides high integrity against data falsification. Because of its robust Manchester encoding and its checksum, it fulfils the IEC 870-5 lT2 class (HD= 8).2.3 Wire Train Bus (WTB)For trains which frequently change composition,the Wire Train Bus (WTB) was designed to interconnect vehicles via hand-plug jumper cables or automatic couplers. For cabling, a shielded twisted wire pair carrying data at 1 Mbit/s is defined which may be redundant.The WTB allows to cover 860 m and to connect up to 32 nodes. Considering the harsh environment and the presence of connectors and discontinuities on the bus, a digital signal processor is used for decoding the Manchester signal (e.g. the MITRAC AMED chip). To clean connector contacts which may be oxidized, a fritting voltage may be superimposed.The most salient feature of the WTB is its capability of auto-numbering the nodes in sequential order and to let all nodes recognize which is the right or left side of the train. Each time the train composition changes, e.g. When adding or removing vehicles, the train bus nodes execute the inauguration procedure which connects the nodes electrically and assigns each node its address.2.4 Common Real-time Protocols (RTP)WTB and MVB differ in physical and link layer. But with respect to higher layers and especially to user interfaces, both obey to the same protocols which are called Real Time Protocols. This paragraph outlines the RTP’s principles:2.4.1 Data TrafficThe TCN provides two types of data service:(1)Process Variables which reflect the train’s state like speed, motor current, operator’s commands. The transfer time for Process Variables must be short and deterministic.To guarantee this delay, Process Variables are transmitted periodically.(2)Messages carry infrequent but possibly lengthy information, e.g. diagnostics or passenger information. Message length varies between a few octets and some kilo octets. The transmission delay of messages must be short, but variations are permitted. For this reason, Messages are transmitted on demand.2.4.2 Message TransferApplications exchange messages transparently over the Train Communication Network. (An application does not see if its peer resides on the same bus, on the same station, or anywhere else on the TCN). Application communicate on a Clien Server basis: a conversation consists of two messages, a Call sent by the Client and a Reply sent in response to it by the remote Server. Messages are divided into small packets for transmission. Each packet carries the full address, which identifies its source and destination. The train bus nodes route the packets, using a Function Directory that indicates which device is executing which function. A retransmission protocol cares for flow control and error recovery. This transport protocol is executed by the end devices only; intermediate nodes only intervene in exceptional cases.2.4.3 The Real-Time Protocols and the ISO Reference ModelThe TCN has been specified in accordance to the ISO 7-Layer reference model. MVB and WTB differ only in the physical layer and link layer. Because process data are neither routed, nor need a transport protocol or a session protocol, the application interfaces directly with the link layer. Messages, on the contrary, are routed from MVB to WTB and need flow control and application acknowledge involving all layers.2.5 TCN GatewayThe TCN gateway connects one or more MVBs with the WTB. The marshalling of process data from MVB to WTB and vice versa is done by a special gateway application program, the so-called Process Data Marshalling (PDM). The way how process data are marshaled must be configured in dependency of a specific application. Routing of messages is done within the network layer of the Real-Time Protocols (RTP). The routing requires some information about the internal structure of the vehicle. Especially the mapping between logical function and physical MVB device is required which is preconfigured in the function directory table.3. Train Network Management (TNM)The Train Network Management helps in configuring, commissioning, and maintaining the TCN system. To this effect, a Network Manager may be connected to the TCN. The Manager has access to all devices connected to the TCN, in the same and in other vehicles. The Manager can inspect and modify other devices through an Agent, which is an application task running in each device capable of being managed. The Agent has local access to the managed objects: process variables, protocols information, memory, tasks, clock, etc. Management Services are specified to read and write the managed objects, along with the format of the Manager Messages. REFERENCES[TCN] TC 9WG22;IEC 61375-1; TCN Standard; International Electrical CommitteeIEC 61375 - 1列车通信国际标准摘要：对于列车综合系统来说，列车通信系统是一个很重要的问题。
正文
引言校友录是一种为用户提供网上交流、聚会的网络工具，它可以提供用户与朋友、同学、同事、老师和亲人等在网上有一个相互交流的机会。
目前已有的校友录系统都是基于Web的，其中最著名的就是Sohu ChinaRen的校友录。
基于Web的校友录系统可以利用网页丰富的元素和JavaScript等脚本语言构建出内容丰富的用户界面，但是它也存在一定的局限性。
校友录系统的用户间的交互是非即时的，也就是主要以留言的方式，虽然目前PC已经普及，但用户还是无法做到随时随地得使用PC连接互联网来访问Web校友录系统，再加上目前基于Web2.0的实名校园社区的出现，使得基于Web校友录的用户数量在逐渐减少。
随着第三代移动通信脚步的临近，移动领域的应用将带来越来越巨大的商机。
目前绝大多数的主流手机都支持J2ME应用程序，设计基于J2ME的手机校友录系统，结合了手机移动性，使得用户可以随时随地与友人交流，轻松地体验移动网络的方便性。
本课题采用面向对象的方法，运用J2ME、数据库等现有的技术，设计开发一个基于J2ME的手机校友录系统，实现传统的基于Web的校友录系统的基本功能。
1.开发环境及相关技术的介绍1.1 Java语言的特点·平台无关性Java的一个显著优点就是运行时环境提供了平台无关性，它引进虚拟机原理，并运行于虚拟机，实现不同平台之间的Java接口。
使用Java编写的程序能在不同的平台运行。
Java的数据类型与机器无关，Java规范中没有“依赖具体实现”的概念。
Java 中基本数据类型的大小及其算法都做了明确的规定。
·安全性Java的编程类似C++,但舍弃了C++的指针对存储器地址的直接操作，程序运行时，内存由操作系统分配，这样可以避免病毒通过指针入侵系统。
它提供了安全管理器，防止程序的非法访问。
·面向对象Java吸收了C++面向对象的概念，将数据和操作封装于类中，实现了程序的简洁性和便于维护性，使程序代码可以只需一次编译就可反复利用。
农村电子商务外文文献翻译最新译文
农村电子商务外文文献翻译最新译文文献信息: Maribel P. The research of rural e-commerce pattern [J]. Information Systems Research, 2016, 12(2): 60-71.原文The research of rural e-commerce patternMaribel PAbstractBased on the characteristics of rural areas, regional scattered small-scale production, is put forward for regional trade core e-commerce concept, namely, region to region (both A2A), area of business (A2B) and business to regional (B2A) model. Discuss the connotation of the three models and basic methods. To build agricultural product supply, high benefit value chain, and put forward the rural regional collaborative e-commerce model (ABC), and discusses the collaborative approach, namely technology together, data and business synergy together. Rural electronic commerce is discussed, the key technologies to be solved in the dynamic planning, logistics business matching and human-computer interaction technology, agricultural knowledge search engine.Keywords: Rural electronic commerce; Collaborative commerce; Logistics; The cloud service1 IntroductionMergence, dispersion of agricultural production and the regional, low-value and perishable, large range of agricultural products, such as top factors greatly restricted the agricultural production industrialization, modernization and radiation area of the market. These characteristics of agricultural production is the difficulty to realize e-commerce, e-commerce comes in. Realizethe electronic commerce mode must be built the following three elements: business model, logistics mode and operation platform. Its core value is the service "three rural", promote the circulation of agricultural products, promote agricultural technology popularization of science and technology, and ensure that all parties involved. Implement approaches should be considered in the rural economic base, cultural education, regional characteristics, to build a system of high value chain, low cost. Therefore, put forward a region as thecore of rural e-commerce mode, and study to achieve this goal of the rural model of e-commerce, logistics and related key technologies.2 The rural electronic commerce modelDue to the dispersion can't produce scale effect to agriculture, rural areas and farmers, thus to an area as the core to form a group of unity in the face of distributors, suppliers, customers, in order to achieve better returns. Construction of regional sales network the main node is the kiosk, a kiosk represents a small region (country), by the kiosk connected together to form a larger area, then step by step together constitute a huge sales network. The researcher is the bridge of farmers and the network, agent role; information. The logistics node is polymerization and divergent role. Represented by the area can be formed three main business models, namely, both A2A, A2B, B2A and thus form a comprehensive, the countryside electronic commerce system.2.1 A2A modelBoth A2A modes (Area to Area) are the Area of regional pattern. Will be scattered small farmers, the collection of the minor agricultural production to the cities, distribution toconsumers, need a set of organized, perfect sales network system, including business mode and the logistics distribution system. Business model is the most basic function is to establish a farmers' market on the net, for online transactions decentralized farmers supply and demand information, industry information, market information, and send the customer feedback information to farmers on a regular basis. Logistics distribution system to be in a kiosk Mei Village construction and set up more than a messenger, and feedback to the farmers purchasing information and collecting information of agricultural products. In short-range Mei Village set of logistics, the concentration of distribution; Composed of kiosk logistics network by chain transmission to realize the rapid delivery of logistics. Through the information of the supply and demand information and logistics information platform for unified management and scheduling. The researcher and logistics agent can be held by a rural transportation profession of part-time, in order to reduce system operating costs. Through this kind of distribution system and the supporting information platform canprovide regional rural e-commerce services. Both A2A modes centered on the core idea of region, radiation surrounding areas at the same time; mainly for the region of agricultural products and agricultural production and business operation entities to provide e-commerce services. Farm shop provides the information of agricultural products distribution and virtual display network platform, at the same time can provide the first-of-the-season products trading market and offline trading services. 2.2 A2B modelA2B model (Area to Business) the Area of Business model. In the new rural construction pushing moronic Hamamatsudemands for agricultural products deep processing, for the scope of agricultural products marketing, economies of scale will have a big breakthrough. But the size of the agricultural cooperatives is not big, should also form the regional advantage, e-commerce activities. The task of the kiosk can be borne by the professional cooperatives, and broker’s professionals of the main agricultural cooperatives. The basic idea of A2B model is similar to an area of agricultural information gathered, futures information, this information can be also can be the spot information, and published on the Internet, sales to the businessman. Mainly provide online trading services, such as bidding, futures, contracts, Internet, etc. Complete logistics, on the other hand, with the help of a third party's logistics system. Heart A2B model is to create a virtual professional market, correspond to that of the real market.2.3 B2A modelB2A mode (Business to Area) is merchants and regional model. In the region's farmers need all kinds of agricultural materials, such as pesticides, fertilizers, etc., concentrated accesses by unified procurement to suppliers, in order to reduce the intermediate links, lower the price? Merchants can also by the researcher and kiosk, online survey and product promotion, to farmer’s agricultural materials message (e.g., price information, performance information, etc.).Supply and demand information collected through a unified, unified resource allocation, businesses focus to regional sales of agricultural materials, to reduce costs and expand sales area. This is a win-win pattern on both sides. Here, stood up and the function of logistics transit information.3 ABC modelIn order to further reduce the risk of the production and sale of agricultural products, the ABC model should be introduced in the rural electronic commerce. The ABC model is (Area & Business Chain Collaboration) Area and Business synergy model. Agricultural production cycle is long, the demand of the market is difficult to define, as a result, the area (producers and consumers), and agricultural products to distributors, agricultural materials suppliers, such as agricultural materials manufacturers formed a kind of symbiosis, interaction relations of the chain. Regional farmers by participating in collaborative commerce establish new value chain orientation, the value chain to regional business (A2B) or business as a support on the relationship between the regional (B2A);And through the parties work together to expand value become a collaborative network, provide area between farmers and merchants more effective communication channel, product circulation mechanism and information service mode, will demand chain and supply chain, make the parties get maximum benefit. Integrated use of the Internet and multimedia technology (especially the 3 d technology), cloud computing technology and modern management technology, the area and virtual set up businesses, enterprises, upstream and downstream manufacturers, the supply of agricultural materials, agricultural production, agricultural products processing, logistics tracking and certification regulation and organic together, realize information sharing and collaborative work, to achieve dynamic equilibrium of supply and demand. Through collaborative e-commerce platform to provide integrated business activities for all parties, the "production, supply and sale" to form a chain of high efficiency, high benefit, high specification, carry out performanceof agricultural products (business model, including production, processing, product design, distribution, transportation, distribution, retail and related services, etc.) and business integration, building integrated virtual national and global market. Be very perfect, corresponding e-commerce mode function should provide business matching services, online services, online services, online payment services, signing a contract intelligent searchand match, agricultural products market price and trend analysis, assistant decision making and OLAP services online. The main coordinating function of ABC model includes technical coordination, data and business synergy together.3.1The technology togetherTechnology synergy instigating build platform has good integration, scalability, portability, consistency, standardization and manageability. Cloud computing is an optimal mode. Cloud technology can be divided into three levels of SaaS, PaaS and IaaS. SaaS (Software as a Service) is a Software as a Service layer, the function of this layer is applied as a Service to the guess households. Users can use them directly through a web browser running on the cloud, and not need to install. PaaS (Platform as a Service) is a Platform as a Service layer; the function of this layer is a development Platform as a Service to the user. Users can in a, including all kinds of components, documentation, and testing environment, the development of the platform is very convenient to write application, and whether the deployment or at run time, the user doesn't have resources such as servers, operating systems, storage management, the tedious work of PaaS supplier is responsible for handling. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) is the infrastructure as a Service layer, the function of this layer is thevirtual machine or other resources as a Service to the user, the user can get what he needs from suppliers or storage of virtual machine and other related resources to load the application, at the same time, the management of the infrastructure will have to be completed by the IaaS provider. These characteristics of cloud model, such as convenient operation, system function extension is convenient, save money, etc., especially suitable for rural information environment.3.2 Data togetherIn ABC brought together all of the information on the mode of collaborative supplies chain, information resource covering rural economy basic link such as production, agricultural capital, market, management, science and technology, etc. Its characteristic is there are many different kinds of information, sources, different standards, overlapping, do not have a unified data format; storage distribution area is large, different database platform. Therefore, data coordination is particularlyimportant. Data collaborative goal is to distribution in the network virtual together all kinds of data, to meet the requirements of the cooperative parties for data sharing, to facilitate the synergy of business. Synergy is the core of data exchange platform, will all kinds of data into a unified standard, the various heterogeneous, distributed data sources in the standard Web services, to shield the difference between the data source. Virtual technology using cloud services provide a uniform data access. Cloud services that cloud storage system structure, the storage system is composed of distribution around a storage device, through clustering function such as grid computing, distributed file system or similar unite to work together, and through the service software to provide storage services to usersand access the service.3.3 Businesses togetherBusiness synergy is auxiliary area on the supply chain, suppliers, manufacturers, customers; realize the online orders and plan coordination and management of the production process, the enterprise internal management, improve management and high production efficiency, help enterprise to realize the business collaboration between different departments, branches. Main technology is through the integration of ERP, SCC, CRM, CAM, information system, EDI, instant communication, such as module, realize the sharing of data and information transmission based on workflow, and makes the whole chain business coordination function, build a unified, huge virtual enterprise, the upstream suppliers, middle reaches of the manufacturers, area farmers and downstream customers closely linked together, to create a service chain of supply, production, sales service. Because ABC chain store large amounts of data, can build all sorts of data warehouse and data mart, processing all kinds of data mining and on-line analytical processing (OLAP) analysis; Can provide all kinds of auxiliary decision scheme, such as resources, coordination, profit distribution, and even cultural synergy, etc., is the user seize market opportunities, to maximize the interests of the perfect protection.译文农村电子商务模式研究Maribel P摘要基于农村地区小生产、区域分散等特点，提出以区域为交易核心的电子商务理念，即区域对区域（A2A）、区域对商家（A2B）和商家对区域（B2A）模式。
浙江省杭州市学军中学(海创园)2024-2025学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题 Word版无答案
杭州学军中学海创园学校2024学年第一学期高二英语独立作业4第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the woman busy doing?A. Making coffee.B. Writing a report.C. Repairing a machine.2. How many books is the boy required to read?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.3. What does the woman want to know about the flowers?A. Their name.B. Their price.C. Their planting methods.4. What time will the speakers leave home tomorrow?A. 9:05a.m.B. 9:25a.m.C. 9:35a.m.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. A Mars mission.B. A weekend plan.C. A scientific discovery.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What can the woman get after signing the contract?A A promotion opportunity. B. A raise in salary. C. A sum of money..7. How does the man feel about his future promotion?A. Hopeless.B. Anxious.C. Confident.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
AVISPA协议分析工具的使用说明书
ATTACKS ON SECURITY PROTOCOLSUSING AVISPAVaishakhi SM. Tech Computer EngineeringKSV University, Near Kh-5, Sector 15Gandhinagar, GujaratProf.Radhika MDept of Computer EngineeringKSV University, Near Kh-5, Sector 15Gandhinagar, GujaratAbstractNow a days, Use of Internet is increased day by day. Both Technical and non technical people use the Internet very frequently but only technical user can understand the aspects working behind Internet. There are different types of protocols working behind various parameters of Internet such as security, accessibility, availability etc. Among all these parameters, Security is the most important for each and every internet user. There are many security protocols are developed in networking and also there are many tools for verifying these types of protocols. All these protocols should be analyzed through the verification tool. AVISPA is a protocol analysis tool for automated validation of Internet security protocol and applications. In this paper, we will discuss about Avispa library which describes the security properties, their classification, the attack found and the actual HLPSL specification of security protocols.Keywords- HLPSL,OFMC,SATMC,TA4SP,MASQURADE,DOSI.I NTRODUCTIONAs the Usage of Internet Increases, its security accessibility and availability must be increased. All users are concerns about their confidentiality and security while sending the data through the Internet. We have many security protocols for improve the security. But Are these protocols are technically verified? Are these protocols are working correctly? For answers of all these questions, there are some verification tools are developed. There are many tools like SPIN, Isabelle, FDR, Scyther, AVISPA for verification and validation of Internet security protocols. Among these, we will use the AVISPA research tool is more easy to use[1].The AVISPA tool provides the specific language called HLPSL (High Level Protocol Specification Language). Avispa tool has the library which includes different types of security protocols and its specifications. Avispa library contains around 79 security protocols from 33 groups[1]. It constitutes 384 security problems. Various standardization committees like IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), W3C(World Wide Web Consortium) and IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)work on this tool. AVISPA library is the collection of specification of security which is characterized as IETF protocols, NON IETF protocols and E-Business protocols.Each protocol is describe in Alice-Bob notation. AVISPA library also describes the security properties, their classification and the attack found[2].AVISPA library also provides the short description of the included protocols. AVISPA tool is working using four types of Back Ends:(1)OFMC(On the Fly Model Checker) performs protocol falsification and bounded verification. It implements the symbolic techniques and support the algebraic properties of cryptographic operators.(2)CL-Atse(Constraint logic Based Attack Searcher)applies redundancy elimination techniques. It supports type flaw detection.(3)SATMC(SAT based Attack Searcher)builds proportional formula encoding a bounded unrolling of the transition relation by Intermediate format.(4)TA4SP(Tree Automata Based Protocol Analyser).It approximates the intruder knowledge by regular tree language.TA4SP can show whether a protocol is flawed or whether it is safe for any number of sessions[4]. We found some security attacks while analyzing the security protocols. All security attacks are discussed below:II. HLPSL SyntaxPROTOCOL Otway_Rees;IdentifiersA, B, S : User;Kas,Kbs, Kab: Symmetric_Key;M,Na,Nb,X : Number;KnowledgeA : B,S,Kas;B : S,Kbs;S : A,B,Kas,Kbs;Messages1. A -> B : M,A,B,{Na,M,A,B}Kas2. B -> S : M,A,B,{Na,M,A,B}Kas,{Nb,M,A,B}Kbs3. S -> B : M,{Na,Kab}Kas,{Nb,Kab}Kbs4. B -> A : M,{Na,Kab}Kas5. A -> B : {X}KabSession_instances[ A:a; B:b; S:s; Kas:kas; Kbs:kbs ];Intruder Divert, Impersonate;Intruder_knowledge a;Goal secrecy_of X;A.Basic Roles[2]It is very easy to translate a protocol into HLPSL if it is written in Alice-Bob notation. A-B notation for particular protocol is as following:A ->S: {Kab}_KbsS ->B:{Kab}_KbsIn this protocol ,A want to set up a secure session with B by exchanging a new session key with the help of trusted server. Here Kas is the shared key between A and S.A starts by generating a new session key which is intended for B.She encrypts this key with Kas and send it to S.Then S decrypts message ,re encrypts kab with Kbs.After this exchange A and B share the new session key and can use it to communicate with one another.B.Transitions[2]The transition part contains set of transitions.Each represents the receipt of message and the sending of a reply message.The example of simple transition is as follows:Step 1: State = 0 /\ RCV({Kab’}_Kas) =|>State’:=2/\SND({kab’}_Kbs)Here, Step 1 is the name of the transition. This step 1 specifies that if the value of state is equal to zero and a message is received on channel RCV which contain some value Kab’ encrypted with Kas, then a transition files which sets the new value of state to 2 and sends the same value kab’ on channel SND, but this time encrypted with Kbs.posed Roles[2]Role session(A,B,S : agent,Kas, Kbs : symmetric key ) def=Local SA, RA, SB,RB,SS,RS :channel (dy)CompositionAlice (A,B,S, Kas, SA,RA)/\bob (B, A, S, Kbs, SB, RB)/\server (S, A, B, Kas, Kbs, SS, RS)end roleComposed roles contains one or more basic roles and executes together in parallel. It has no transition section. The /\ operator indicates that the roles should execute in parallel[4]. Here the type declaration channel (dy)stands for the Dolev-Yao intruder model[2]. The intruder has full control over the network, such that all messages sent by agents will go to the intruder. All the agents can send and receive on whichever channel they want; the intended connection between certain channel variables is irrelevant because the intruder is the network.We create the HLPSL code of security protocol using above syntax and verify those through the AVISPA tool [2]. Here we found some protocols with attack and some protocols without attacks. All the verified security protocol list are as below (figure 1):III. Security AttacksAs we show in the table that Internet security protocols may suffer from several types of attacks like flaw, replay, Man in the middle, masquerade, DOS etc. In Dos attack ,the attacker may target your computer and its network connection and the sites you are trying to use, an attacker may able to prevent you for accessing email, online accounts, websites etc[6].A flaw attack is an attack where a principal accepts a message component of one type as a message of another[7]. A replay attack Masqurade is the type of attack where the attackers pretends to be an authorized user of a system in order to gain access the private information of the system. Man in the middle is the attack where a user gets between the sender and receiver of information and sniffs any information being sent[6]. Man in the middle attack is sometimes known as Brigade attacks. Evasdropping attack is the act of secretly listening to the private conversation of others without their concent. It is a network layer attack. The attack could be done using tools called network sniffers [7]. These types of attacks can be removed by making some changes in the sessions and transactions.occurs when an attacker copies a stream of messages between two parties and replays the stream to one or more of the parties.IV.CONCLUSIONHere we have studied about the protocols using the AVISPA verification tool and we found different types of attacks on different Internet security protocols. All different types of goals are specified for different protocols.The attacks are interrupting to achieve their goals.We have to remove those attacks to make the protocols working properly.Figure 1: Attacks on security protocolsV.FUTURE WORKIn this paper we have defined the AVISPA library for Internet security protocols and survey the protocols and categorized the protocol with attacks and protocols without attacks. In the next stage we will apply some modifications in HLPSL language code on the security protocol which have the man in the middle attack using the techniques and we will try our best to remove the particular attack.VI.REFERENCES[1] Information Society Technologies, Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (version 1.1) user manual bythe AVISPA team,IST-2001-39252[2] Information Society Technologies, High Level Protocol Specification language Tutorial, A beginners Guide to Modelling and AnalyzingInternet Security Protocols,IST-2001-39252[3] Laura Takkinen,Helsinki University of Technology,TKKT-110.7290 Research Seminar on Network security[4] Daojing He,Chun Chen,Maode Ma,Sammy chan,International Journal of Communication Systems DOI:10.1002/Dac.1355 [5] Luca Vigano,Information Security Group,Electronic Theoretical Computer Science 155(2006)61-86 [6] U.Oktay and O.K.Sahingoz,6th [7] James Heather,Gavin Lowe,Steve Schneider,Programming Research group Oxford UniversityInternational Information security and cryptology conference,Turkey。
英语四级听力真题 (2)
英语四级听力真题Section A News ReportDirections：In this section，you will hear three news reports。
At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions。
Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。
After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Heavy floods.B) Safety concerns.C) Bad economy.D) Workers' strikes.2. A) It is competitive with its numerous tourist destinations.B) It provides many job opportunities for French people.C) It is the biggest concern of the French government.D) It plays an important role in the nation's economy.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) To carry out a scientific survey.B) To establish a new research station.C) To rescue two sick American workers.D) To deliver urgent medical supplies.4. A) The darkness and cold.B) The heavy snow and fog.C) The biting winds.D) The ice all around.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) By tying it to a door handle.B) By shaking it back and forth.C) With a remote control craft.D) With a full-sized helicopter.6. A) He has lots of fans on Facebook.B) He has rich experience in flying.C) He often suffers from toothaches.D) He has learned to pull teeth from a video.7. A) Spend more time together.B) Tell them adventure stories.C) Do something fun and creative.D) Play with them in a safe place.Section B ConversationDirections：In this section，you will hear two long conversations。
2017年上半年中小学教师资格考试英语学科知识与教学能力试题及答案解析(初级中学)
2017年上半年中小学教师资格考试英语学科知识与教学能力试题及答案解析（初级中学）一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题。
每小题2分。
共砷分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中选择一个最佳答案，请用28铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案字母按要求涂黑。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. The mai n differe nee betwee n/m/a nd/n/lies in ______ .A. manner of articulati onB. place of articulati onC. voici ngD. le ngth2. _______ is the main rhymi ng pattern in the sen te nce"Alice's aunt ate apples and acor ns around A ugust."A. Reverse rhymeB. End rhymeC. AssonanceD. Alliteratio n3. Tom is sn obbish, always ________ t he in flue ntial people."A. making out forB. making upC. making up toD. making up for4. Britain ________ f or con trol of the sea in the 17th cen tury.A. conten dedB. con trivedC. conten tedD. confined5. Which of the follow ing best describes the relati on betwee n ni ght and kni ght?A. metonymyB. homonymyC. antonymyD. hyp onymy6. Of the people who work here, _________ a re French and _________ En glish.A. half... halfB. the half... the halfC. a half... a halfD. a half... the half7. You'll find yourself thi nking about no thi ng ______ when you're veryn ervous.A. whereverB. whatsoeverC. wheneverD. however8. Mr. Joh nson has a habit of ask ing questi ons_______ .A. and the n not liste n to the an swersB. but the n no t liste n for the an swersC. and the n not liste ning to the an swersD. and the n does n't liste n to the an swers9. On hearing the utterance "It's hot here", the listener opened the door. It is a(n)A. locuti onary actB. illocutio nary actC. direct speech actD. perlocutio nary act10. What rhetoric device is used in the sentence "Many hands make light work"?A. Synecdoche.B. Simile.C. Metaphor.D. Oxym oron.11. When the teacher attempts to elicit more information from the students by saying "And ...?","Good. A nything else ?", etc, he/she is playing the role ofa _________ .A. prompterB. participa ntC. man agerD. con sulta nt12. For more advaneed learners, group work may be more appropriate than pair work for tasks that are __________ .A. li nguistically simpleB. structurally con trolledC. cog nitively challe ngingD. thematically non-dema nding13. When you focus on "uttera nee function" and "expected resp on se" by using examples like"Here you are ", "Tha nks", you are probably teach ing Ian guage at the .A. lexical levelB. sentence levelC. grammatical levelD. discourse level14. Which of the following tasks fails to encourage active Ianguage use?A. Recit ing a text.B. Barga ining in a shop,C. Writing an application letter.D. Readi ng to get a message.15. A teacher may en courage stude nts to ________ whe n they come across new words in fast read ing.A. take no tesB. ask for helpC. guess meaning from con textD. look up the words in a dicti onary16. Which of the followi ng stateme nts about task desig n is in correct?A. Activities must have clear and atta in able objectives.B. Activities should be confined to the classroom con text.C. Activities must be releva nt to stude nts' life experie nces.D. Activities should help develop stude nts' la nguage ability.17. If some one says "I know the word", he should not only un dersta nd its meaning but also be able to pronoun ce, spell, and ________ it.A. expla inB. recog nizeC. memorizeD. use18. Teachers could en courage stude nts to use ________ to gather and orga nize their ideas for writi ng.A. elicit ingB. mind mapp ingC. expla iningD. brai nstormi ng19. When stude nts are asked to go to the local museum, libraries, etc. to find out in formati on about endan gered ani mals and work out a pla n for an exhibiti on, they are doi ng a(n) ________ .A. surveyB. experime ntC. projectD. prese ntati on20. Which of the following tasks fails to develop students' skill of recognizing discourse patter ns?A. An alyz ing the structure of difficult senten ces.B. Check ing the logic of the author' s argume nts.C. Gett ing the scrambled senten ces into a paragraph.D. Marking out com mon ope ners to stories and jokes.请阅读Passage完成21-25小题。
智能制造英文版
智能制造英文版Intelligent manufacturingAn overviewIntelligent manufacturing deep in artificial intelligence research.Generally think that intelligence is the sum of knowledge and intelligence,the former is the basis of intelligence,the latter is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge to solve.Intelligent manufacturing should contain intelligent manufacturing technology and intelligent manufacturing system.The intelligence technique of manufacture is refers using the computer simulation marks intelligent activities such as expert’s analysis,judgment,inference, idea and decision-making and so on,and fuses organically these intelligent activity and the intelligent machine,applies its penetration in entire manufacture enterprise’s each subsystem(e.g. management decision-making,purchase, product design,productive plan,manufacture, assembly,quality assurance and market sale and so on).Realizes the entire manufacture enterprise to manage the operation highlyflexibility and integration,thus substitutes or extends in the manufacture environment expert’s partial mental labor, and carries on the collection,the memory,the consummation,sharing,the inheritance and the development of the manufacturing industry expert’s intelligent information,enhances the production efficiency enormously and the advanced technique of manufacture.The intelligent manufacture system is refers based on IMT(intelligent manufacturing technology),by the computer synthesis application artificial intelligence technology(e.g.artificial neural networks,genetic algorithm and so on), the intelligence manufacture machine,the agent technology,the parallel projects,the life sciences and the systems engineering theory and the method,in the international standardization and interchangeable foundation,causes the entire enterprise to make each subsystem to intellectualize separately,and causes the manufacture system to form by the network integrates,the highautomated one king of manufacture system.Intelligent manufacturing system can not only in practice constantly enrich the knowledge base,have the function of self-learning,and collecting and understanding of environmental information and its information,analysis and judgment and the ability to plan their actions.The basic principleStarting from the essential feature of intelligent manufacturing system in distributed manufacturing network environment,according to the basic idea of distributed integration,In the application of distributed artificial intelligence theory and method of multi Agent system, realize flexible manufacturing unit of the intelligent and flexible manufacturing system based on network intelligent integration.According to the characteristics of the distribution system of isomorphism in a local area forms for realizing intelligent manufacturing system based on the actual also reflects theinternet-based global manufacturing the realization of the intelligent manufacturing system model under the network environment.The overall idea of distributed IMS network:IMS is the essential characteristics of the individual manufacturing unit of "autonomy"and the system as a whole "self-organizing ability",its basic pattern is distributed more intelligent system.Based on this understanding,and considering the internet-based global manufacturing network environment,we put forward the Agent based distributed IMS network's basic idea,as shown in figure 1.On the one hand,through the Agent give autonomy to each manufacturing unit,making it a fully functional,autonomy, an independent entity;On the other hand, through the coordination and cooperation between the Agent,gives system self-organization ability.Multi Agent system implementation pattern of the system is easy to design, implementation and maintenance,reduce thecomplexity of the system,enhance the system's restructuring,scalability and reliability,and improve the flexibility, adaptability and agility of the system.Based on the above framework,combined with the CNC machining system,development and application of distributed network prototype system by system manager,mission planning,design and producers of four nodes.Systems manager node including two database server,database server and Agent system is responsible for the management of the entire global database,available for access of nodes in the prototype system for data query,read,storage and retrieval operations,and for each node for data exchange and sharing,to provide a public system,the Agent is responsible for the system in the network and the external interaction,through the Web server on the Internet home page of the system,users can access online home page the information related to obtaining the system,and according to their own needs,to decidewhether the system is to meet these requirements,the system of the Agent is also responsible for monitoring the interactions between the various nodes on prototype system, such as record and real-time display of sending and receiving messages between nodes, task execution,etc.Mission planning nodes by the task manager and its Agent(task manager Agent), its main function is to task planning,from the Internet is decomposed into several subtasks,and then through the way of bidding, bidding to the task allocation of each node.Design node by CAD tools and its proxy Agent(design),it provides a good man-machine interface so that designers can effectively and computer interaction,common to complete the design task.CAD tools to help design personnel according to user requirements for product design;Designed the Agent is responsible for online registration, cancellation registration,database management,interaction with other nodes, decide whether to accept the design task andsubmit a task to task the sender.Producers node is actually the project research and development of an intelligent manufacturing system(intelligent manufacturing unit),including processing center and its network proxy Agent(machine). The intelligent adaptive machining center configuration.The CNC system is controlled by intelligent controller processing process, to give full play to the processing of automated processing equipment potential, improve processing efficiency;Have certain ability of self diagnose and self repair,in order to improve the processing the reliability and safety of the equipment operation;Have the ability to interact with the external environment;With open architecture to support the system integration and extension.The prototype system work:Every node in the system must be registered through the network,to become the formal member of the prototype system to obtain the corresponding privileges,to collaboratewith other nodes in the system,common to complete the system task.The whole process of operation of the prototype system is as follows:(1)any network user can access the prototype system of the home page for information about the system,but also through the fill out and submit user order form provided by the system home page issued orders to the system;(2)if received and accept the network user's orders,Agent system is to be deposited in the global database,from the global database,mission planning nodes can take out the order,mission planning,the task decomposition into several subtasks,and assign these subtasks prototype system access nodes;(3)product design subtasks are assigned to design node,the node through good human-computer interaction to complete product design sub-tasks,generate the corresponding CAD/CAPP data and documents, and nc code,and these data and documents in the global database,finally submit the subtasks to mission planning nodes;(4) processing subtasks are assigned to producers,once the subtasks was accepted by the producers nodes,machine Agent will be allowed to read the necessary data from the global database,and to transfer the data to the processing center,processing center, according to these data and command to finish processing the subtasks,and the running status information transmitted to the machine Agent,machine Agent returns the result to the mission planning nodes,submit the subtask;(5)in the system during the running of the whole,the Agent is the interaction between the various nodes in the system for recording, such as message sending and receiving,a global database data read and write,query the node name,type,address,ability,and task completion,etc.(6)Network client can understand order execution and results.The developmentIntelligent manufacturing deep in artificial intelligence research.Artificial intelligence is the intelligence of implementation of using artificial method onthe computer.Of complicated as the WanShanHua and the structure of the product performance and refinement,as well as the function of diversification,prompting a surge in product design information and process information contained,with internal information flow increase of production line and production equipment,manufacturing process and management information must also soared,a hotspot and frontier,and thus prompt the development of manufacturing technology to improve manufacturing system for the explosive growth of manufacturing information processing ability,efficiency and scale.At present,the advanced manufacture equipment left the information input cannot operate,flexible manufacturing system(FMS)once they are cut off the source of information will immediately cease to work. Expert thinks,the manufacturing system is driven by the original energy into information driven,this requires a flexible manufacturing system requires not only,but also show that the intelligent,otherwise itis difficult to deal with such a large amount of workload and complex information.Secondly, the complex environment of rapidly changing market demand and fierce competition,also called for the manufacturing system showed higher flexibility,agility and intelligence. Across the world,although the overall intelligent manufacturing was still in the stage of conceptual and experimental,but governments are included in the national development plans,this push to implement.In 1992the implementation of new technology policy and support by the President said the key to the important technical(Critical Techniloty),including information technology and new manufacturing technology, ease of intelligent manufacturing technology, the ernment hopes the move to transform traditional industry and start a new industry.Canada's1994~1998development strategy plan,think the future knowledge intensive industry is driving the global economy and Canada,the basis of economic developmentthought is very important to development and application of intelligent system,and put the specific research project selection for intelligent computer,man-machine interface, mechanical sensor,the robot control system integration,the new device,the dynamic environment.Japan's in1989,intelligent manufacturing system is proposed and launched in1994,the advanced manufacturing international cooperation research projects, including the companies to integrate and global manufacturing,manufacturing knowledge system,distributed intelligent control system,rapid product realization of distributed intelligent system technology, etc.Research of information technology in the European Union ESPRIT project,the project is funded by the market potential of information technology.1994and the start of the new R&D project,select the39core technologies,of which three(information technology, molecular biology and advanced manufacturingtechnology)are highlights the intelligent manufacturing location.China at the end of the80's will "intelligent simulation"the main issue in the national science and technology development planning,understanding has made a number of achievements in the expert system, pattern recognition,robotics,Chinese machine.Recently,the State Ministry of science and technology put forward formally "industrial intelligent engineering",as an important part of the innovation ability of technology innovation project construction, intelligent manufacturing will be an important content of the project.Thus,the intelligent manufacturing is arising in the world,it is the development of manufacturing technology,especially the inevitable manufacturing development of information technology,is the result of the development of automation and integration technology in depth.Integrated featuresWith the traditional manufacture systemcompares,IMS has following several characteristics:(1)From organization abilityIn the IMS,each kind of composition unit can according to the work duty need, voluntarily build up one kind of ultra flexible best structure,and defers to the most superior way movement.Not only its flexibility displays in the movement way,but also displays in the structural style.After completing the task,this structure dismisses voluntarily,prepares in the next duty builds up a new kind of structure.The voluntarily organization ability is an IMS important symbol.(2)Autonomy abilityIMS has the abilities such as collection and the understanding the environmental information and own information,and carries on the analysis to judge and to plan own behavior ability.The powerful knowledge library and based on the knowledge model is the autonomy ability foundation.IMS can act according to the environment and own workcondition information to carries on the monitor and processing,and according to the processing finally self-adjusting control strategy,uses the best movement plan.This kind of autonomy ability causes the entire manufacture system to have the anti jamming, auto-adapted and fault-tolerant and so on.(3)The ability of self-study and maintenanceIMS can take the original expert knowledge as the foundation,in reality carries on the study unceasingly,the perfect system knowledge library,and deletes the unsuitable knowledge in the storehouse, causes the knowledge library to hasten reasonably.At the same time,it also can carry on the self-diagnosis,the elimination and repairing to the system failure.The kind of character enables IMS to optimize and to adapt to each kind of complex circumstances.(4)Entire manufacture system intelligent integrationWhile IMS emphasized each subsystem intellectualization,pays great attention to the entire manufacture system the intelligentintegration.This is the basic difference between IMS and“the intellectualized isolated”which specially applied in the manufacture process.IMS contains each subsystem,and integrates them in a whole, realizes the whole intellectualization. (5)Man-machine integration intelligence systemIMS is not a pure the artificial intelligence the system,but is the man-machine integration intelligence system, is one kind of mix intelligence.On the one hand,the man-machine integration prominent person’s core status in manufacture system, simultaneously under the intelligent machine coordination,well has displayed human’s potential,causes between the man-machine to display one kind of equality to work together as colleagues,“understands”mutually, cooperates mutually relations,causes them to reveal respectively in the different level, complements each other.Therefore,in IMS, the high quality,the high intelligent person will play a better role,the machineintelligence and human’s wisdom integration of machinery Mechatronics issue can integrate truly in together.In summary,we may view IMS as one kind of pattern,it is the collection of automation, flexibility,integration and intellectualization in a body,and unceasingly to depth development advanced manufacture system.(6)Virtual realityThis technology supports the realization hypothesized manufacture,also realizes one of high level man-machine integration.The man-machine union is a new generation of intelligent contact surface,causes the available hypothesized method with intelligent performance into reality,it is a dominant character of intelligent manufacture.Future development1、Artificial intelligence technology.Since the goal of IMS is computer simulation of intelligence activities of manufacturing human experts,partial mentallabor to replace or extension of the people, so the artificial intelligence technology has become one of the key technology of IMS.IMS and artificial intelligence technology (expert system,artificial neural network, fuzzy logic)is closely related to.2、Concurrent engineering.In view of the manufacturing,concurrent engineering is an important technical method, used in IMS,will reduce the repetition blindness and the design of the product design.3、Information network technology.Information network technology is the process of manufacturing system and each link "intelligent"support.The information network is also the manufacturing information and knowledge flow channel.4、The virtual manufacturing technology.Virtual manufacturing technology can simulate the entire life cycle of product in the product design stage,thus the more effective,more economical,more flexible organization of production,the productdevelopment cycle is short,the product cost is the lowest,the optimal product quality, production efficiency is the highest assurance.At the same time,the virtual manufacturing technology is the prerequisite for the engineering realization of parallel.5、Discipline construction.Collect and understand the environment information and its information and analysis judgment and plan their behavior.Strong knowledge base and knowledge based model is the basis of self-discipline.6、Man-machine integration.Intelligent manufacturing system is not only the"artificial intelligence system,and human-machine intelligent system,is a kind of hybrid intelligent.Want to completely replace human intelligence artificial intelligence expert in manufacturing process, analysis,judgement,decision independently undertake the task,at present is not realistic.Humachine highlighted the core position in manufacturing system,combined with intelligent machines,better play ofhuman potential,to achieve a kind of collaborative working relationship of equality,so that the two made at different levels,each other.7、Self organization and super flexible.To each unit in intelligent manufacturing systems can be based on task,form an optimal structure,the flexible displays not only operation mode,but also in the structure form, so that the flexible super flexible,similar to biological features,overall as a group of human experts.Conclusion:nowadays,the research of intelligent manufacturing at home and abroad was still in the stage of concept formation and experimental exploration.In recent years, developed for the specific link,the specific problems in the process of manufacturing the "intelligent island",and"smart"machine for manufacturing environment full of research is still in its beginning stage.Intelligent manufacturing is a rich content,wide prospect area.In the era of socialinformatization,the new century of knowledge economization,vigorously carry out the research of intelligent manufacturing technology and system,will improve the overall level of manufacturing industry inthe comprehensive our country,enhancenational strength.。
高二英语试题大全
高二英语试题答案及解析1. -How are things with you?- ．I now make enough money to pay bills and keep food on the table．A．From bad to wrose B．Can’t complainC．Too bad D．Too good【答案】B【解析】略2. My mother opened the drawer to _______ the knives and spoons.A．put away B．put up C．put on D．put together【答案】A【解析】略3. He suggested that we ____ the plan later, which suggested that he ____ against it. A．discussed; was B．would discuss; shouldC．discuss; was D．should discuss; should be【答案】C【解析】略4.we must give up this plan for we’re _____ funds.A．lacked B．lack for C．for lack of D．lacking in【答案】D【解析】略5. I was tired and hungry after a long day of work. When I walked into the living room, my 12-year-old son looked __36__ at me and said, “I love you.” I didn’t know what to say. __37__ several seconds all I could do was to stand there and __38__ down at him. My first thought was that he must need __39__ with his homework or he was trying to __40__ me for some news. Finally I asked, “What was that all about?”“Nothing.” He said, “My teacher said we should __41__ our parents that we love them and see what they say. It’s a(n) __42__.”The next day I called his teacher to __43__ more about this “experiment” and how the other parents had __44__.“Basically, most of the fathers had the __45__ reaction as you did.” The teacher said, “When I first __46__ we try this, I asked the children what they thought their parents would say. Some of them thought their parents would have heart trouble.” “The __47__ is,” the teacher explained, “feeling loved is an important part of __48__. It’s something all human beings __49__. What I’m trying to tell the children is that it’s too __50__ that we don’t all express those feelings. A boy should be __51__ to tell his dad th at he loves him.”The teacher, a middle-aged man, understands how __52__ it is for some of us to say the things that would be good for us to say.When my son came to me that evening, I held on to him for __53__ second. And just __54__ he pulled away, I sai d in my deepest, most manly voice, “Hey, I love you, too.”I don’t know if saying that made either of us healthier, but it did feel pretty good. Maybe next time if my child says “I love you”, it would not take me a whole day to think of the right __55__.【1】A．down B．away C．out D．up【2】A．After B．For C．At D．On【3】A．glance B．glare C．stare D．watch 【4】A．patience B．time C．help D．paper 【5】A．report B．prepare C．answer D．apologize 【6】A．help B．ask C．tell D．make 【7】A．thing B．experiment C．word D．sentence 【8】A．search for B．search C．find out D．find 【9】A．said B．reacted C．done D．explained 【10】A．same B．different C．usual D．ordinary 【11】A．allowed B．agreed C．suggested D．planned 【12】A．point B．idea C．way D．cause 【13】A．body B．health C．life D．study 【14】A．have B．know C．take D．require 【15】A．bad B．good C．late D．early 【16】A．fit B．ready C．nice D．able 【17】A．easy B．much C．often D．difficult 【18】A．a much B．a full C．an exact D．an extra【19】A．before B．after C．because D．if【20】 A. answer B. key C. reason D experiment【答案】【1】D【1】B【1】C【1】C【1】B【1】C【1】B【1】C【1】B【1】A【1】C【1】A【1】B【1】D【1】A【1】D【1】D【1】D【1】A【1】A【解析】略6. I was waiting for a phone call from my agent. He had left a message the night before, telling me that my show was to be cancelled. I called him several times, but each time his secretarytold me that he was in a meeting and that he would call me later. So I waited and waited, but there was still no call. Three hours passing by, I became more and more impatient. I was certain that my agent didn’t care about my work, and he didn’t care about me. I was overcome with that thought. I started to shout at the phone,“Let me wait, will you? Who do you think you are?”At that time I didn’t realize my wife was looking on. Without showing her surprise, she rushed in, seized the phone, tore off the wires, and shouted at the phone, “Yeah, who do you think you are? Bad telephone! Bad telephone!” And sh e swept it into the wastebasket.I stood watching her, speechless. What on earth….?She stepped to the doorway and shouted at the rest of the house, “Now hear this! All objects in this room--- if you do anything to upset my husband, out you go.”Then she t urned to me. Kissed me and said calmly, “Honey, you just have to learn how to take control.” With that, she left the room.After watching crazy woman rushing in and out, shouting at everything in sight, I noticed that something in my mood(情绪) had changed. I was laughing. How could I have trouble with that phone? Her antics helped me realize I had been driven crazy by small things. Twenty minutes later my agent did call. I was able to listen to him and talk to him calmly.【1】Why did the author shout at the telephone?A．He was mad at the telephone.B．He was angry with his agent.C．He was anxious about his wife.D．He was impatient with the secretary.【答案】B【2】What did the author’s wife do after she heard his shouting?A．She said nothing.B．She shouted at himC．She called the agent.D．She threw the phone away.【答案】D【3】What made the author laugh?A．His own behavior.B．His wife’s suggestion.C．His changeable feelings.D．His wife’s sweet kiss.【答案】A【4】What dose the underlined word “antics” refer to ?A．Smart words B．Unusual actions C．Surprising looks D．Anxious feelings【答案】B7.It’s helpful to put children in a situation______ they can see themselves differently.A．when B．which C．that D．where【答案】D【解析】略8.I’m afraid Mr.Harding ____ see you now . he’s busy.A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t【答案】A【解析】略9. Mike McClure walked into Sarasota Bay for a little fishing on a beautiful day last April. This afternoon, the water was shallow enough at low tide that McClure could easily walk 100 yards offshore and cast (投) his line in any direction.Near sunset, still without a fish, he decided to turn back. Rather than turn to his earlier course, he chose a more direct path toward shore, thinking the bay wouldn't get deeper along the way. Instead, he was trapped. He tried to walk in different directions, but shallower water eluded (避开) him. Finally, he decided his safest choice was to head straight for land."Within about five steps, the water was coming in through the top of the waders (高筒防水胶靴)," says McClure.He felt the deadweight（重物） of the flooding waders pulling him down and knew that if he didn't get out of them, he would drown. But he failed to kick his way out of the waders. Instead, they pulled him completely below the surface.Back onshore, Eliza Cameron, 19, Loren Niurka Mora, 20, and Caitlin Petro, 20, had been watching McClure fish as they rested on the grass after a long week of classes. They saw McClure go under and then heard him cry, "Help!"The three friends kicked off their shoes and ran into the bay. They were all good swimmers, but all hid a fear that he might pull them down too because they'd have to dive to save him.When they reached him, he'd managed to kick himself out of the waders, but his eyes had partly rolled back. Cameron and Mora each hooked (钩住) an arm under his shoulders, while Petro supported his back and held his hand. Then the three friends tried their best to tug (拉) him towards shore. Finally, they all returned to the shore safely.【1】Mike McClure didn't turn back by his earlier course because .A．he wanted to choose a short courseB．his earlier course was dangerousC．he just wanted to take a riskD．he knew where the water was deep【答案】A【2】 What directly trapped Mike McClure in the bay?A．His wrong decision.B．The coming high tide.C．His waders' being flooded.D．The depth of water.【答案】C【3】During the rescue, .A．the three women were afraid of being trapped in the waterB．Cameron and Petro helped catch Mike McClure's armsC．the three women removed Mike McClure's wadersD．Mike McClure still wore his flooding waders【答案】A【4】What’s the main idea of this passage?A．Enjoy fishing on a beautiful day.B．Help others when they are in trouble.C．A terrible experience during fishing.D．How to rescue people when they’re drowning.【答案】C10. Last year, a report by a committee of education experts said that a lot of American students cannot write well. The report noted the concerns of business leaders and teachers. The experts said that more students should have to pass a writing test before they can finish high school. They pointed out that major college entrance tests are changing now to include a writing part.Educators know that teaching students to write well is not easy. One problem is the amount of time needed to read through large amounts of work. So some companies have developed computer programs. These can grade student writing much more quickly than a person can. Writing tests can also cost less to carry out by computer than paper-and-pencil. These computer systems are known as e-readers. They use artificial (人工的) intelligence to think in a way like teachers. In the state of Indiana, computer grading of a statewide writing test began with a test of the system itself. For two years, both a computer and humans graded the student writing. Officials say there was almost no difference between the computer grades and those given by the human readers.The entrance test commonly used by business schools, the GMAT, already uses e-readers. The GRE and TOEFL tests might start; officials are deciding. The GRE is the Graduate Record Examination. TOEFL is the Test of English as a Foreign Language.Systems are also being used to grade writing in college classes. The computers read a few hundred examples of student writing already graded by humans. Then the systems compare new writings against those already examined.How do teachers feel all about this? Many say machines can never do the job as well as people can. A computer can find spelling and grammar mistakes. But these teachers say it can never really understand what a writer is trying to say. Critics say a program cannot follow athought or judge humor or understand a beautifully expressed idea.But inventors of the programs say computer grading guarantees that each piece of writing is graded in the same way. They also say the systems are meant to judge knowledge more than creativity.【1】What do the teachers think of the computer system?A．They think highly of the computer systems.B．They think that computers cannot grade writing as well as people.C．They believe that computers can understand a writer’s idea wellD．They are glad computers will spare their effort to correct students’ school work.【答案】B【2】From the first paragraph we can conclude that _________.A．American students’ writing ability is being improvedB．American students’ writing ability is not satisfactoryC．business leaders and teachers are not worried about students’ writingD．all college entrance tests will include a writing part【答案】B【3】Which of the following is NOT the advantage of e-readers?A．Saving much of teachers’ time.B．Saving a lot ofmoney. C．Being fair andobjective.D．Appreciatinghumor and beauty【答案】D【4】The best title of this passage might be _________.A．Computer-graded Writing B．Human-graded WritingC．How to Improve Students’ Writing D．Advantages of E-readers【答案】A11. Mary,_______here---everybody else, stay away you are.A．come B．comes C．to come D．coming【答案】D【解析】略12.—Would she mind playing against her former teammates?— . She is willing to play against any tough players.A．I think so B．I’m not surprised C．Of course D．Not likely【答案】D【解析】略13. _________ go straight on to university, why not get some work experience first?A．More than B．Other than C．Rather than D．Better than【答案】C【解析】14.I had been so _________ with my work that I forgot to buy a gift for my daughter’s birthday, which I had promised to.A．occupied B．devoted C．accompanied D．buried【答案】A【解析】略15.卷Ⅱ（满分25分）Ⅴ.写作(共三节,满分25分)第一节: 单词拼写（共10小题，每小题0.5分，满分5分）根据下列句子，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式，每空一词。
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THE SHORT MESSAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BASED ON J2ME
Shumin Zhou*, Guoyun Zhong, Tiantai Zhang School of Information Engineering, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, China, 344000 * Corresponding author, Address: School of Information Engineering, East China Institute of
Abstract: In order to apply Java to mobile communication device and embedded device, the J2ME is issued by SUN. It is also be used on 3G mobile multiplication service by telecommunication company. The paper introduces the methods and processes of developing short message management system adopt J2ME and Siemens Mobility Toolkit 6688i. The system applies 12 classes to realize message grouping, message list and message editing. By this system, the efficiency of the short message management in the mobile phone is increased.
Keywords: J2ME, Short Message, MIDlet
1. INTRODUCTION Short Message Service (SMS) (ETSI/TC, 1997) has become a mature wireless communication service. SMS provides a connectionless transfer of messages with low-capacity and low-time performance (Gerd et al., 2003). In order to improve the application of mobile phone, the related programming languages were issued. The development of the mobile phone software has mainly experienced three stages. At first stage, it just focused on the basic voice service, afterwards the simple value-added service applied, then the function which access Internet by the WAP was developed. J2ME is issued by SUN in order to apply Java to mobile communication device and embedded device and consumed electrical equipment (Microsystems, 1999). Two problems can be solved by J2ME: (1) Java language runs across different platform, software development businessman develops related
8258390, Fax: +86-794-8258390, Email: smzhou@ecit.edu.cn Technology, 56 Xufu Road, Fuzhou,Jiangxi Province, China, 344000, Tel: +86-794- Zhou, S., Zhong, G. and Zhang, T., 2008, in IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, Volume 258; Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture, Vol. 1; Daoliang Li; (Boston: Springer), pp. 27–34. 28 application easily, so it can also be installed conveniently to mobile phone; (2) J2ME has offered high-grade programming of the internet protocol such as HTTP, TCP and UDP, so JAVA application can be accessed on Internet freely. In the mobile communication toady, global operators are arranging 3G strategy, they have met the problem how to consume these bandwidth increased. Now J2ME is seemed as a best solving scheme, offer the multiplication service of mobile data business based on J2ME for user.
service, mobile internet business and Virtual special net business, mobile office, mobile medical treatment, will become true by using J2ME. Short message is now mobile service used the most broadly exclude the conversation of speech sound outside, therefore this paper adopts J2ME to
telephone carry out various managements for short message.
2. THE STRUCTURE OF CLDC/MIDP which together establish an implementation specification for consumer electronics and embedded device manufactures (Sun Microsystems, 2002). J2ME is built up on a three-layered architecture (from bottom to top): JVM Layer, Configuration Layer, and Profile Layer. The JVM layer is an implementation of a specific JVM that is customized for an operating system on small devices. For example, the K virtual machine (KVM) is a highly
network-connected devices such as cellular telephones, pagers, and small point of sale (POS) systems. The configuration layer defines a minimum set of Java virtual machine features and Java class libraries available on a particular category of devices. At present there are two J2ME configurations: the Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC) and the Connected Device Configuration (CDC). CLDC is designed for developing applications on resource-constrained devices with parsimonious memory, say, less than 512KB. On the contrary, CDC is developed for embedded devices with relatively larger amounts of memory and more robust resources like set-top box, screen phone or refrigerator. The configuration layer also specifies core class libraries of device-dependence so that the applications can be developed regardless of the devices they will be deployed to.
connection layer. A profile is an industry-defined specification of the Java APIs which fits for a specific industry or class of devices. For example, the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) coupled with CLDC specifies the issues of user interface, persistent storage, and networking for mobile