武汉大学 硕士英语试卷-带答案

English for Graduates (Paper A No. 20180110)

I.Listening Comprehension (20%)

Part One Directions:

In this part you will hear 3 short talks. Each talk is followed by some questions. You will hear the talk and questions only once. Listen carefully and answer each question by choosing one from the four choices marked A, B, C or D. Then mark your answers on the Answer Sheet. (15%)

Talk 1

Questions 1-5 are based on the talk you have just heard.

I. A. It will be the same size as the US economy.

B.It will be almost the same size as the US economy.

C.It will be twice the size of the US economy.

D.It will be larger in size than the US economy。

2. A. In 2020 B. In 2025 C. In 2027 D. In 2050

3. A. China will be the first developing country with the world's largest economy.

B.China will reverse the trend of westernization as a result of economic development and globalization.

C.China will become the world's dominant country with very different civilizational roots

from the West.

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D.Both A and C.

4. A. He believes that it is general truth.

B.He warns that it is a sign of hostility.

C.He criticizes it as wishful thinking.

D.He thinks that it is an illusion.

5. A. They use western ideas and terms.

B.They overestimate their cultural influence.

C.They don't speak the Chinese language.

D.They ignore the power of civilization.

Talk 2

Questions 6-10 are based on the talk you have just heard.

6. A. A change of government.

B.The map of deaths.

C.Snow and Whitehead's continued efforts.

D.Both B and C.

7. A, Building the sewers in London.

B.Responding immediately to the cholera outbreak in 1866.

C.Providing better medical care to city dwellers.居民

D.Telling everybody to start boiling their water in 1866.

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8. A. critical 批评的B. pessimistic 悲观的C. optimistic 乐观的 D. appreciative 赏识的

9. A.People slowly realized that living in big metropolitan（大都会）cities is unsustainable as the crowdedness made outbreaks of diseases like cholera unavoidable.

B.People began to realize that keeping domesticated animals and bad living habits increase the change of cholera outbreaks.

C.People no longer think that it is a healthy thing to take drinking water from wells and

pumps in crowded neighborhoods.

D.People finally realized that sustainable living is possible in large metropolitan cities with the help of science and improved city management.

10. A. New York City will be only 10% of its size.

B.It has created a whole new way of life.

C.New York City will collapse in on itself like Rome.

D. H has spread the influence of Christianity.

Talk 3

Questions 11-15 are based on the talk you have just heard.

11. A. My drawing will show them what God looks like.

B.They will draw a picture of God.

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C.I will teach them about God's look.

D.Their pictures will show what God looks like.

I2. A. 5 B. 4 C. 6 D. 10

13.A. He was telling a lie because he was naughty.

B.He was saying something in place of “frankincense”. 乳香

C.He was blaming 指责Frank for his mistake

D.He was praising Frank for his performance

14. A. They were born with artistic talents which were not used well.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c919082641.html,cators should realize that being wrong means being creative.

C.They are frightened of making mistakes and stigmatize mistakes.

D.Kids are not afraid of being wrong and are willing to try.

15. A. Mistakes are the worst thing in the current national education system.

B.The unpredictability of education is extraordinary.

C.We are educating kids out of their creative capacity.

D.It is easier to to be born an artist than to remain an artist as we grow up.

Part Two

Directions:!!! this part, you will hear a talk twice and then write a summary of the talk.Your

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summary should be around40 words. Please write your answer on Answer Sheet II. (5%) II. Vocabulary (25%)

Directions: There are 25 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.

16. Still, that_____of a robot means AlphaGo lacks the human touch required to manage employees. Counsel patients or adequately write flowing newspaper features about its own dominance over humans.

A.cement 水泥

B.virulent剧毒的

C.implement 工具，器械

D.detachment分离，分开

17. Of course, the fact that Trump Was the ultimate media showman with a __________ of controversial political phrases that demand attention and response was a salient factor in his rise to power.

A. rationale根据，基础理论

B. revenue 收益，财政收入

C. repertoire全部节目

D. ritual仪式

18.But as Walmart moves into the digital space dominated by Amazon, Amazon is________on the physical realm（领域）to win over more customers.

A. encroaching侵占

B. obliterating抹杀

C. tarnishing使失去光泽

D. facilitating促进，使便利

19.Hong Kong returned from British to Chinese rule in 1997 under a ' one country, two

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systems'' arrangement that guarantees a high degree of__________, including an independent （独立的）judiciary（司法机构）and freedom of expression.

A. autonomy自治，自主权

B. antecedent在先的

C. variable

D.orientation

20.The summit（峰会，高层会议，最高级的）website has posted___________to victims（受害人）of bombings in Iraq and cyclones in the Caribbean-but nothing on what international aid（帮助）agencies describe as the worlds most urgent（紧急的）humanitarian（人道主义的）crisis（危机）.

A. cassava木薯

B.cognition认知

C.credence凭证，信任

D. condolences同情，哀悼

21.Nishikori, who underwent（经历，承受）elbow（n.肘部，弯头，扶手，弯管vt.用肘推挤）surgery（外科手术）and was sidelined（v.使靠边）for almost a year in 2009, chose________instead of surgery to treat his wrist(手腕) injury.

A. Rehabilitation修复，康复

B.approbation 认可，赞许，批准

C. distortion扭曲，变形

D. depersonalization 去人性化，失性

22.Asset managers have defined their mission as maximizing the market value of their clients’________, and in turn demand that firms maximize profits.

A. profiles侧面，外形，轮廓

B. portfolios投资组合

C.paradigms范式

D. perceptions观念，认识，感知

23.A TV show which depicted（[dɪˈpɪkt] 描述，描绘）a bizarre（[bɪˈzɑr]奇怪的）love story

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between a nine-year-old boy and an 18-year-old woman has been pulled off air following

criticism（[ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm]批判）that it promoted child marriage and was________.

A. progressive进步的

B.discursive离题的，离谱的

C. regressive逆行的，退化的

D.impervious无动于衷的，不受影响的

24. On the timeline, the industrial age has________suddenly and the digital age is blasting off（爆破，发射）in new directions.

A. fallen away离开

B. fraught with充满

C. fallen out 消失

D. taken out 取出，除去

25.Illegal（非法的）crossings have ticked upward（上升）again but remain well below historic （历史的）levels.and the perception（认知，感知）of tougher（坚强的，严格的）law enforcement（执行）appears to remain a ___________to would-be immigrants.

A. dehumanization 非人性化

B.dispensation分发，分配

C. disposal处置

D. deterrent 威慑力量；制止的，遏制的

26.Global warming in the 21st century is taken as the result of the typically（典型的）______ greenhouse gas concentrations（浓度）that substantively（实质上）interrupt the normal operation of nature.

A. anthropogenic人为的

B. ecological生态

C. meteorological气象

D.biological生物学的

27.Top administration officials continue to claim the bill will more than pay for itself

by________a flood of economic activity that expands the tax base.

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A. confounding使困惑，使惊讶，混淆

B. unleashing释放

C. vanquishing征服，战

胜 D. harnessing v.治理；n.马具

28.Rather than_____disputes between buyers and sellers, the internet company

enabled forums and message boards, as well as the ability to rate users and leave reviews.

A.warranting保证

B.remitting免除，赦免

C. mediating调解

D.participating参与

29.The new museum, located along Kalella Avenue, features a large

glass and a 10,000-square-foot balcony(阳台) that bathes（沐浴）the interior（内部）with natural light.

A. lime石灰

B.azalea杜鹃花

C.skeleton骨骼，框架

D.facade外表，建筑物正面

30.During his as deputy（副的）secretary（秘书）, he pushed for greater disclosure（披露）of prices associated with medical services to help foster（抚养，培养）competition（竞争者，竞赛）and contain costs.

A. tenure任期，占有期

B.temerity鲁莽，冒失

C.tableau （人构成的画面或场景，戏剧性场面）

D.torso人体躯干，未完成的作品，躯干雕塑品

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c919082641.html,nd or buildings make particularly good because they tend to increase in value, and it’s hard to hide them from creditors（债权人）or banks.

A.bulk体积，大块，大量

B. cyclone 龙卷风

C. collateral抵押物

D.vector矢量，航向

32.The RealReal's experiment last December in New York revealed a particular

_______between on-line and off-line shopping, and a customer base ready and willing to

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combine the two.

A. synergy协同作用

B.stereotype陈规陋习

C.strategy策略

D.subsidy补贴

33.If the slowdown（减速）in new development is_____________of a decline in luxury sales，then the strength of apartment sales may suggest a surge in the entry-level and mid-level markets.

A. bound

B.relevant

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c919082641.html,rmed了解情况的，见多识广的

D.symptomatic症状的

34.Wipe the apples clean, then chill them in an ice bath to bring the temperature down

so the_______heat doesn't cook the apples.

A.marginal边缘的

B.empirical经验主义的

C. confidential机密的

D.residual剩余的，残渣

35.Marble went on to say Americans enjoy multicultural（多元化）food but cautioned（警告，小心）that people also need to consider whether they are__________to any diseases because of their genetic（遗传的）makeup（补充，构造，体格）.

A.Predisposed使用预先有倾向，使易于患病

B. proposed（提出，被提议的，所推荐的）

C. stipulated（v规定，约定;adj.合同规定的）

D.divulged吐露，泄露

36.What additional secrets the Russian hackers may have ________ from multiple agencies, by turning the Kaspersky software into a sort for Sensitive information, is not yet publicly

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known.

A.bemused困惑的

B.gleaned搜集，拾得

C. ameliorated改善

D.infested侵扰的，为患的

37.At least three of their six children have a rare neurological（神经学的，神经的）illness that manifests（清单）itself around age four, causing mental ______, loss of the use of their limbs and, later. death.

A. incineration焚烧，火葬

B. retardation阻滞，延迟

C.Connotation内涵，含义

D.alleviation缓解，缓和

38. Google is resisting a legal request to disclose salary records in a gender discrimination （歧视）lawsuit（诉讼）, marking the technology company’s latest efforts to prevent _________ of how much it pays its female employees.

A.ambiguity模棱两可，含糊

B. variability易变性

C. Scrutiny仔细审查

D.allergy过敏，反感，厌恶

39.To teach a computer to learn takes _________ reasoning—that is, using data from a small number of instances to generate hypotheses and theories that apply to a very large number of cases.

A. inductive归纳的，敏感的，诱导的

B.deductive推论的，演绎的

C.conductive传导的

D. iterative重复的，迭代的

40.Building owners in commercial or high-density（高密度）residential（住宅的）zones also

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can get city permission to convert apartment buildings for_______occupancy and rent them

out for short stays.

A. transparent透明的

B. transient短暂的，临时的，瞬态，疏忽

C. tangible n.有形资产;adj.确实的，真实的，实际的

D. tertiary adj.第三的，第三期的，第三纪的；n.第三系，第三纪，第三级教士

111. Reading Comprehension (20%)

Directions: Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question. Passage I

Evidence-based Fitness Programs

There is a new methodology of practicing fitness called evidence-based

fitness.”It is the conscientious,explicit and judicious (明智的) use of current ‘best”evidence in making decisions about the care of members and clients. This new paradigm in fitness is gaining traction as a result of the current trend in medicine to use evidence-based methods. Basically, the practice of evidence-based fitness means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research. In other words, take the best scientific evidence. apply it not to large groups. but to individual clients. Most fitness professionals depend on anecdotal information to establish exercise prescriptions for clients and members. Designing exercise prescriptions on antiquated formulas and the “one size fits all”ideology are fraught with error and dangerous not only for the healthy member, but especially for those ‘at risk.”With the increasing number of at-risk individuals joining fitness centers. using the evidence-based

method should he a no-brainer （显而易见的结论) . Everyone is different, so dispensing（分

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配，施予）generalized exercise advice to millions of individuals will not produce optimal (最佳的) results.

What’s driving the trend?

Several factors are contributing to the use of evidence.based practice in the fitness industry. One is that hospitals are experiencing a decline in net revenue due to changes in state and federal regulations, and they are looking outside their traditional model of sick care for reimbursement(赔付) strategies. They are attempting to capitalize on what more than 15,000 fitness centers across the U.S. already know:

Fitness/Wellness is a prosperous industry. According to the annual report published by the Medical Fitness Association(MFA), there arc an estimated 875 hospital_associated fitness centers currently in the United States and Canada. They have seen an average growth of 12 percent annually since 1985. MFA predictions estimate more than 1,150 centers by 2010. Obviously, hospitals use the evidence-based model for patient care. and when they become more involved in the fitness industry, they will incorporate this methodology into the operation of their fitness facilities.

Why evidence-based fitness?

Improved quality of member care.One benefitofevidence-based fitness includes improved quality of member and client care. With a systematic and progressive approach based on independent clinical research, an appropriate periodized prescription can be formulated, progressing the client on an individualized. safe and guided course of Improved health.

The promotion of critical thinking. Evidence-based practice requires that the professional

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evaluate each client individually, review the literature and find the best methods to approach fitness needs. It isno longer acceptable to use a cookie cutter(一成不变的) approach to clients’health and fitness. Through critical thinking and evaluations of the literature, the professional is able to apply up-to-date and valid interventions.

Third party reimbursement.One of the driving motives of the industry to incorporate evidence-based practice is third party reimbursement. Typically , health insurance companies will not reimburse for services unless they have proof the intervention was safe and effective in improving the health of their insured(保户). This requires appropriate documentation, which will be reviewed according to evidence-based practice.

Building an evidence-based fitness program

Initiating an evidence-based fitness program begins with the ability to collect data(member information). This is vital for two reasons. First, collection of members’health history and demographical(人口统计学的)information will allow staff to better create the exercise experience”through comparison to the population-based scientific data, and use critical thinking to create the “perfect” exercise prescription. Second. collecting client data and storing it according to specific groups, populations, disease risks. etc., allows that database to be queried (质疑) for any number of purposes,including case studies, variable specific research and outcomes management. For those critical thinkers.this translates into gold, relative to third party payers, test and automatically upload the monitor with the appropriate values to calculate the appropriate raining zones.It is also possible to monitor up to 30 individual heart rates within a radius(半径范围) of 100 yards on a laptop.Think of the practical use in circuit training-group cycling and special population

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programming.Appropriate heart rates are identified.the workout is performed and the data is stored,Ah,the science of success!

Equipment.On the strength side of the equation,computerized systems exists that attach directly to new existing equipment(some is proprietary 私有的and other work with any equipment),adding an “intelligent”dimension to the workout experience.Artificial intelligence allows the system to learn the users’ programs,and coaches them individually through their workout for better form,safety and confidence.It tracks their progress for the work-out and over time.

On strength and cardio(心脏) equipment,a touch screen and/or key displays the workout for the particular piece of equipment.The intuitive system coaches the client relative to speed,form,heart rate etc.,and tracks the workout session.Behind the scenes,the exercise data from each station is transmitted to a central database,providing access to a wealth of information on individual progress and a unique set of motivational tools.The system can be accessed on the workout floor,staff station or on the web.

It is imperative that the professionals and the organization implement evidence-based fitness to ensure the health and prosperity of their members,and secure their success in the industry.Fortunately,technology is keeping speed with the advances in healthcare and,in may scenarios,driving them.

41.According to the text,the “evidence-base fitness” _________________.

A.dispenses generalized exercise advice to millions of individuals.

B.takes the best scientific evidence and applies it to individuals.

C.takes individual clinical expertise and applies it to

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large groups of people.

D.depends on anecdotal information to establish exercise prescriptions for clients.

42.All the following reasons drive the trend to use “evidence-base fitness”,except that_____________.

A.hospitals are experiencing a decline in net revenue.

B.evidence-based methods become popular in medicine

C.fitness is a prosperous industry now

D.m ore and more hospitals are merged.

43.Evidence-based fitness program requires that the professional __________.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c919082641.html,e a cookie cutter approach to clients’ health and fitness

B.formulate a generalized prescription for clients.

C.make and individual evaluation of each client

D.apply up-to-date interventions

44.The first step to build an evidence-based fitness program is _____________.

A.to have access to member information

B.to create exercise prescriptions

C.to negotiate with health insurance companies

D. to invite some fitness professional

45.What helps people take farewell to the typical exercise program?

A.state and federal government

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B.Technology

C.Reimbursement

D.Medical Fitness Association

46.Which should be given priority in selecting software?

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c919082641.html,nguage of the software

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c919082641.html,patibility with other programs

C.Innovative solutions and ease of use

D.Link with other software packages

47.What’s the most efficient and accurate way to physiologically test the client?

A.Getting their appropriate thresholds

B.Clients’wearing a heart rate monitor during workouts

C.Conducting a metabolic rest

D.Automatically uploading the heart rate monitor

48.Which of the following is not allowed by artificial intelligence regarding evidence-based fitness programs?

A.Coaching client individually through their workout

B.Tracking the workout session

C.Transmitting exercise data to central database

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D.P lanning implementation and measuring the effectiveness of the programs.

49.An appropriately established database is accessible to ________________.

A.Physicians

B.Staff in fitness centers

C.Researchers

D.All of the above

50.What’s the author’s attitude towards the evidence-based fitness programs?

A.Positive

B.Negative

C.Indifferent

D.Doubtful

Passage 2

Over the past century southern black has evolved from a relatively sparse body of writings,mainly imitative of Euro-American literary forms and thematically focused on the plight of blacks in the South,to a sophisticated literary canon whose forms and meanings coalesce to give it distinct identity.

The making of classifications by literary historians can be somewhat risky

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enterprise.When Black poets are discussed separately as a group,for instance,the extend to which their work reflects the development of poetry in general should not be forgotten,or a distortion of literary history may result.This caution is particularly relevant in an assessment of the differences between Black poets at the turn of the century(1900-1909) and those of the generation of the 1920’s.These differences include the bolder and more forthright speech of the later generation and its technical inventiveness.

When poets of the 1910’s are considered together,however,the distinctions that literary historians might make between “conservative”and “experimental”would be of little significance in a discussion of Black poets,although these remain helpful classifications for White poets of these decades.Certainly differences can be noted between “conservative”Black poets such as Counter Cullen and Claude McKay and “experimental” ones such as Jean T oomer and Langston Hughes.But Black poets were not battling over old or new styles;rather ,one accomplished Black poet was ready to welcome another,whatever his or her style,for what mattered was racial pride.

Southern black poetry was basically undistinguished before the 1920s.Slave poet George Moses Horton and abolitionist Frances Ellen Watkins Harper were the most prominent,southern black voices in antebellum poetry.Some poets,such as Horton ,Adopted standard Euro-American poetic techniques and seldom wrote about racial issues.Still others,like Harper,used these standard forms primarily to concentrate on issues germane o southern black life.Post-Civil War poets Albery A. Whitman,George M.McClellan, and joseph S.Cotter,Sr.,at times wrote killfully about racial and nonracial topics in conventional poetic forms.

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However, in the 1920s Black poets did debate whether they should deal with specifically racial subjects, They asked whether they should only write about Black experience for a Black audience or whether such demands were restrictive. It may be said, though, that virtually all these poets wrote their best poems when they spoke out of racial feeling, race being, as James Weldon Johnson rightly put it, "perforce the thing the Negro poet knows best”.

At the turn of the century. by contrast, most Black poets generally wrote in the conventional manner of the age and expressed noble, if vague, emotions in their poetry. These poets were not unusually gifted, though Roscoe Jamison and G M. McClellen may be mentioned as exceptions They chose not to write in dialect, which, as Sterling Brown has suggested, "meant a rejection of stereotypes of Negro life. "and they refused to write only about racial subjects. This refusal had both a positive and a negative consequence. As Brown observes, "Valuably insisting that Negro poets should not be confined to issues of race, these poets committed an error. they refused to look into their hearts and write. These are important insights, but one must stress that this refusal to look within was also typical of most White poets of the United States at the time. They, too. often turned from their own experience and consequently produced not very memorable poems about vague topics, such as the peace of nature.

Between 1900 and the 1970s the novel has been the most widely read and critically acclaimed genre in southern black literature. The manner in which it has concerned itself with the past distinguished it from the general black American novel, the southern white novel, and the Anglo-American novel. The southern white novel has generally dealt with the

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effects of a real or an imagined past on a present generation, with characters grappling to come to terms with that past Typically, the southern black novel made the physical and psychological landscapes of the past a ing part of the novel; it recreated. repopulated, and critically examined the past as physical setting. Surprisingly, though, southern blacks produced few novels that can be strictly defined as historical novels.

As the southern black novel evolved, from the 1 9th into the 20th century, its use of narrative voice blended with other features of southern black narrative prose to produce a particularly(but not exclusively) southern point of view in the black novel. For more than a century southern blacks wrote numerous prose narratives, which in their variety conformed to the autobiographical mode. There have been the fugitive-slave narratives and the ex-slave narratives; the spiritual social, political, and personal autobiographies; the confessionals, exemplary lives, the diary-type and journal-type autobiographies; as well as the autobiographical novel. At times, real-life experiences and incidents were the backdrop for fictional characters; at other times real-life characters become the nucleus around which true-to-life(fictional)experiences and incidents are presented. Southern black prose writers were so attracted to the autobiographical mode that in numerous prose narratives they drew a very thin line between fiction and fact.

In another genre, southerners were among the earliest (if not the first) black short-fiction writers in America. Until well past 1900 southern black short fiction in the main was thematically bout the slave experience and its aftermath and conformed largely to changes and developments in the short story as an American art form. William Wells Brown, Frederick Douglass, Frances W. Harper, and a few other southern blacks wrote various types

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