玛氏销售常用术语(中英对照)
销售用语汇编
销售⽤语汇编 现代，营销与销售的职业遍布全球。
作为⼀名销售⼈员，你需要知道⼀些常⽤的销售⽤语，下⾯，⼩编为你整理了⼀些，欢迎阅读。
1).marketing n.促销，营销 The aim of this meeting is to find some effective marketing methods 这次会议的⽬的就是找到⼀些有效的营销⽅法。
2).advertise v.做⼴告，登⼴告 We plan to advertise our new products 我们计划为我们的新产品做⼴告。
3).sale n.出售，销售 These goods are on sales now 这些商品正在廉价出售。
4).auction n.拍卖 We don't know the actual auction price at that time 那个时候我们不知道实际的拍卖价格。
5).bid v.(尤指拍卖中)喊价 How much will you bid for that? 你会为它出价多少呢? 6).popularize v.宣传 It is necessary for us to popularize environmental consciousness among citizens 很有必要在市民中间推⼴环保意识。
7).promotional adj.⼴告宣传的'，推销的 He has played an important role in this promotional event 他在这次促销活动中起了重要的作⽤。
8).partner n.合伙⼈ At last my partner went back on me. 最终我的合伙⼈背叛了我。
9).tender n&v 投标 As far as I know,a few companies have tendered for our medicine 据我所知，⼏家公司已经为我们的药品投标了。
市场营销的术语中英文对照表
FOB-origin pricing TP（TETRA PAK） chain stores combination store P-T（Part-timer） Retailing wheel of retailing concept Retailer Retailer cooperatives RKA（Retail Key Account） fashion monopolistic competition Road Show HBR（Hotel，Bar，Restaurant） AC green marketing Floor Display maslow's hierarchy of needs 3A（Avalible、Able、Adsire） buyer's market MIT（Marketing Inpact Team） Seller’s market GRP（Gross Rating Point） media SPPD（Sales Per Point of Distribution） American marketing POP（Point Of Purchase） Seal-bid pricing Seal-bid pricing intensive distribution intensive growth opportunity freight-absorption pricing Stars Target profit pricing Served market(target market) catalog marketing
SPM（Supermarket） POSM（Point of Sale Materials） ABC（Activity based costing）： cost-plus pricing growth stage maturity stage CRP（Contiuous Replenishment） exporting initiator PW（Passive Wholesalers） TT（Traditional Trade） conventional marketing channel idea screening idea generation Total promotion budget PG（Promotion Girl） inventory control KSR L-SPM（Large - Supermarket） SM（ShoppingMall） agent inseparability LKA（Local Key Account） geographic organization Territorial-structured sales force TPL（Third Party Logistics） FVP（First Vice President） Telemarketing Television marketing DSD（Direct Store Delivery） order processing motive exclusive distribution USP（Unique Selling Propostion） GE（Gondola End） TG（Type Genus ）
市场营销专业词汇中英文对照办法
市场营销专业词汇中英文对比表Marketing Management营销治理New Products Development新产品开发Service Industry Marketing服务业营销Advertising广告Business Negotiation商业谈判International Marketing国际市场营销Sales Channels销售渠道Public Relationship公共关系Consumer Behavior消费者行为Systems of Management Information治理信息系统Marketing Research营销调研accesibility 可进入性accessory equipment markets 附属设备市场account management policies 客户治理策略positioning定位additions to existing product lines 现有产品线的增加administered vertical marketing systems 治理式垂直营销系统market segmentation市场细分sales promotion销售促进advertising feedback 广告反馈advertising frequency 广告频率advertising media 广告媒体advertising reach 广告同意人数advertising message 广告信息advertising source 广告信息来源agent middleman 代理商allowance 折让alteration 退换American Marketing Association 美国营销协会annual marketing plan 年度营销打算assurance 保证attitudes of consumers 消费者态度availability 可获得性/供货能力awareness （产品）知晓度/知名度baby boomers 婴儿潮出生的一代人backward channels for recycling 回收的后向渠道backward integration 后向垂直一体化banner advertisements 横幅标语广告bar codes 条形码barter 实物交易basic physical needs 差不多生理需要BCG Grow-Share Matrix 波士顿增长-份额矩阵before tests 事前测试Behavior Scan Information Resources Inc. 行为扫描信息源公司behavioural analysis 行为分析behavioural hierarchies 行为层级benchmarking 基准benefit clusters 利益群体benefits 利益Benz 奔驰billing 帐单birth rate 出生率blanket purchase order 一揽子采购合同blind-paired comparison testing 双盲比较测试blue collars 蓝领bottom line 底线/盈亏一览结算线brand awareness 品牌意识/认知brand extensions 品牌扩展brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度brand mark 品牌标志brand name 品牌名称brand positioning 品牌定位brand recognition 品牌识不brand strategies 品牌战略brand 品牌branding strategy 品牌化战略branding 品牌化brand's equity 品牌的价值break-even analysis 盈亏平衡分析break-even volume 盈亏平衡产量breath of product assortment 产品线的宽度breath or diversity of product lines 产品线的宽度或多样性bribery 贿赂British Airways 英国航空公司brokers 经纪人budgeting 预算bundle 捆绑Bureau of Census 人口统计局busines strength rating 商业能力评分business plan 商业打算business position 经营地位business sector 商业部门business services markets 商业服务市场business strategies 经营战略business unit strategy 经营单位战略buyback allowances 回购折让buyback arrangements 产品返销buyers' bargaining power 买方的讨价还价能力buyers 采购者buying behavior 购买行为buying center 采购中心buying inertia 购买惯性buying intention 购买意图buying offices 连锁商店的进货中心buying power indes (BPI) 购买力指数buying situation 采购情况/类型buying task 采购任务capital gains 资本收益capital invested in product 产品投入资本Carnival 嘉年华cash cows 现金牛类cash discounts 现金折扣catalogue sales 目录销售categorization of perception 感知分类categorization 分门不类centralization 集中化chameleons/followers 变色龙/跟随者channel alternatives 可选择的营销渠道channel conflicts 渠道冲突channel decisions 渠道决策channel functions 渠道功能channel institutions 渠道组织结构channel management 渠道治理channel objectives 渠道目标channel of distribution 分销渠道channel power 渠道权力channel-control strategies 渠道操纵战略channel-design decisions 渠道设计决策channel-management decisions 渠道治理决策channels of communication 传播渠道choice criteria 选择标准closing a sale 结束销售clothing retailers 服装零售商co-branding 联合品牌code of ethics （职业）道德标准coercive power 强制权cognitive dissonance 认识的不协调collection of data 数据收集collection 收款co-marketing alliances 联合营销联盟combination compensation plan 结合式薪酬方案commitment 承诺communication channels 传播渠道communication process 传播过程communication 信息交流/沟通communications media 传播媒体company personnel 公司职员comparative advertisements 比较广告comparison of brands 品牌比较compensation deals 补偿处理compensation plan 酬金方案compensation/rewards 酬金/奖励compensatory 补偿性的competition and industry evolution 竞争和行业演变competition-orientated pricing 竞争导向定价法competitive advantage 竞争优势competitive (supply-side) evolution 竞争（供方）演变competitive factors 竞争因素competitive intelligence 竞争情报/信息competitive parity promotion budgeting 竞争均势促销预算法competitive strategy 竞争战略competitive strength 竞争优势/能力competitor analysis 竞争者分析complaint handling 投诉处理component materials and parts markets 组成材料和零部件市场computerized ordering 计算机化的订购conclusive research 确定性研究conditions of demand 需求情况conflict and resolution strategies 冲突和解决战略conformance to specifications 与规格一致conformance 一致性confrontation strategy 对抗战略conjoint measurement 联合测度法conjunctive model 联合模型consumer decision-making 消费者（购买）决策consumer goods channels 消费品分销渠道Consumer Goods Pricing Act, USA 美国消费品定价法案consumer goods 消费品consumer markets 消费品市场consumer needs 消费者需求consumer packaged-goods firms 消费者包装食品公司consumer promotion 消费者促销consumer tests 消费者测试consumer/household market 消费者/家庭市场consumers' perceptions 消费者感知consumption 消费contests 竞赛contingency planning 权变打算contract construction 契约建筑业contract manufacturing 契约制造业contraction/strategic withdrawal strategy 收缩/战略性撤退战略contractual entry modes 契约式进入模式contractual vertical marketing systems 合约式垂直营销系统contribution margin analysis 边际贡献（贡献毛利）分析contributrion margin 边际贡献control strategies 操纵战略convenience food stores 便利食品商店convenience goods 便利品convenience 服务的便利性Cool Whip 清凉维普co-operative advertising 合作性广告co-ordination and conflict resolution 协调与冲突解决co-production 合作生产core benefit proposition (CBP) 核心利益方案/提议corollary-data method 推定数据法corporate HQ 公司总部corporate scope 公司（经营）范围corporate strategy 公司战略corporate vertical marketing systems 公司式垂直营销系统corporate/institutional advertising 团体/社会公共机构广告corrective action 矫正行动cost analysis 成本分析cost effectiveness 成本有效性cost leadership strategy 成本领先战略cost of capital 资本成本cost of goods sold (COGS) 产品销售成本cost reductions 降低成本产品cost-and-volume relationship 成本-数量关系cost-oriented pricing 成本导向定价法cost-plus/mark-up pricing 成本加成/溢价定价法costs and benefits of marketing functions 营销职能的成本和效益costs of competitors 竞争者成本costs of distribution 分销成本countertrade 对等贸易coupons 优惠券courtesy 礼貌。
(销售管理套表)市场营销专业词汇中英文对照表
（销售管理套表）市场营销专业词汇中英文对照表市场营销专业词汇中英文对照表Marketing Management营销管理New Products Development新产品开发Service Industry Marketing服务业营销Advertising广告Business Negotiation商业谈判International Marketing国际市场营销Sales Channels销售渠道Public Relationship公共关系Consumer Behavior消费者行为Systems of Management Information管理信息系统Marketing Research营销调研accesibility 可进入性accessory equipment markets 附属设备市场account management policies 客户管理策略positioning定位additions to existing product lines 现有产品线的增加administered vertical marketing systems 管理式垂直营销系统market segmentation市场细分sales promotion销售促进advertising feedback 广告反馈advertising frequency 广告频率advertising media 广告媒体advertising reach 广告接受人数advertising message 广告信息advertising source 广告信息来源agent middleman 代理商allowance 折让alteration 退换American Marketing Association 美国营销协会annual marketing plan 年度营销计划assurance 保证attitudes of consumers 消费者态度availability 可获得性/供货能力awareness （产品）知晓度/知名度baby boomers 婴儿潮出生的一代人backward channels for recycling 回收的后向渠道backward integration 后向垂直一体化banner advertisements 横幅标语广告bar codes 条形码barter 实物交易basic physical needs 基本生理需要BCG Grow-Share Matrix 波士顿增长-份额矩阵before tests 事前测试Behavior Scan Information Resources Inc. 行为扫描信息源公司behavioural analysis 行为分析behavioural hierarchies 行为层级benchmarking 基准benefit clusters 利益群体benefits 利益Benz 奔驰billing 帐单birth rate 出生率blanket purchase order 一揽子采购合同blind-paired comparison testing 双盲比较测试blue collars 蓝领bottom line 底线/盈亏一览结算线brand awareness 品牌意识/认知brand extensions 品牌扩展brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度brand mark 品牌标志brand name 品牌名称brand positioning 品牌定位brand recognition 品牌识别brand strategies 品牌战略brand 品牌branding strategy 品牌化战略branding 品牌化brand's equity 品牌的价值break-even analysis 盈亏平衡分析break-even volume 盈亏平衡产量breath of product assortment 产品线的宽度breath or diversity of product lines 产品线的宽度或多样性bribery 贿赂British Airways 英国航空公司brokers 经纪人budgeting 预算bundle 捆绑Bureau of Census 人口统计局busines strength rating 商业能力评分business plan 商业计划business position 经营地位business sector 商业部门business services markets 商业服务市场business strategies 经营战略business unit strategy 经营单位战略buyback allowances 回购折让buyback arrangements 产品返销buyers' bargaining power 买方的讨价还价能力buyers 采购者buying behavior 购买行为buying center 采购中心buying inertia 购买惯性buying intention 购买意图buying offices 连锁商店的进货中心buying power indes (BPI) 购买力指数buying situation 采购情况/类型buying task 采购任务capital gains 资本收益capital invested in product 产品投入资本Carnival 嘉年华cash cows 现金牛类cash discounts 现金折扣catalogue sales 目录销售categorization of perception 感知分类categorization 分门别类centralization 集中化chameleons/followers 变色龙/跟随者channel alternatives 可选择的营销渠道channel conflicts 渠道冲突channel decisions 渠道决策channel functions 渠道功能channel institutions 渠道组织结构channel management 渠道管理channel objectives 渠道目标channel of distribution 分销渠道channel power 渠道权力channel-control strategies 渠道控制战略channel-design decisions 渠道设计决策channel-management decisions 渠道管理决策channels of communication 传播渠道choice criteria 选择标准closing a sale 结束销售clothing retailers 服装零售商co-branding 联合品牌code of ethics （职业）道德标准coercive power 强制权cognitive dissonance 认识的不协调collection of data 数据收集collection 收款co-marketing alliances 联合营销联盟combination compensation plan 结合式薪酬方案commitment 承诺communication channels 传播渠道communication process 传播过程communication 信息交流/沟通communications media 传播媒体company personnel 公司员工comparative advertisements 比较广告comparison of brands 品牌比较compensation deals 补偿处理compensation plan 酬金方案compensation/rewards 酬金/奖励compensatory 补偿性的competition and industry evolution 竞争和行业演变competition-orientated pricing 竞争导向定价法competitive advantage 竞争优势competitive (supply-side) evolution 竞争（供方）演变competitive factors 竞争因素competitive intelligence 竞争情报/信息competitive parity promotion budgeting 竞争均势促销预算法competitive strategy 竞争战略competitive strength 竞争优势/能力competitor analysis 竞争者分析complaint handling 投诉处理component materials and parts markets 组成材料和零部件市场computerized ordering 计算机化的订购conclusive research 确定性研究conditions of demand 需求情况conflict and resolution strategies 冲突和解决战略conformance to specifications 与规格一致conformance 一致性confrontation strategy 对抗战略conjoint measurement 联合测度法conjunctive model 联合模型consumer decision-making 消费者（购买）决策consumer goods channels 消费品分销渠道Consumer Goods Pricing Act, USA 美国消费品定价法案consumer goods 消费品consumer markets 消费品市场consumer needs 消费者需求consumer packaged-goods firms 消费者包装食品公司consumer promotion 消费者促销consumer tests 消费者测试consumer/household market 消费者/家庭市场consumers' perceptions 消费者感知consumption 消费contests 竞赛contingency planning 权变计划contract construction 契约建筑业contract manufacturing 契约制造业contraction/strategic withdrawal strategy 收缩/战略性撤退战略contractual entry modes 契约式进入模式contractual vertical marketing systems 合约式垂直营销系统contribution margin analysis 边际贡献（贡献毛利）分析contributrion margin 边际贡献control strategies 控制战略convenience food stores 便利食品商店convenience goods 便利品convenience 服务的便利性Cool Whip 清凉维普co-operative advertising 合作性广告co-ordination and conflict resolution 协调与冲突解决co-production 合作生产core benefit proposition (CBP) 核心利益方案/提议corollary-data method 推定数据法corporate HQ 公司总部corporate scope 公司（经营）范围corporate strategy 公司战略corporate vertical marketing systems 公司式垂直营销系统corporate/institutional advertising 团体/社会公共机构广告corrective action 矫正行动cost analysis 成本分析cost effectiveness 成本有效性cost leadership strategy 成本领先战略cost of capital 资本成本cost of goods sold (COGS) 产品销售成本cost reductions 降低成本产品cost-and-volume relationship 成本-数量关系cost-oriented pricing 成本导向定价法cost-plus/mark-up pricing 成本加成/溢价定价法costs and benefits of marketing functions 营销职能的成本和效益costs of competitors 竞争者成本costs of distribution 分销成本countertrade 对等贸易coupons 优惠券courtesy 礼貌coverage of geographic market 地域性市场的范围coverage of relevant retailers 相关零售商的销售范围credibility 信誉credit terms 信贷条款critical assumptions 关键假设cross-elasticity 交叉弹性customary pricing 习惯性定价法customer analysis 顾客分析customer contact 顾客接触customer demand 顾客需求customer intimacy 顾客亲密度customer loyalty 顾客忠诚度customer need 顾客需要customer organization of sales force 按客户组织销售队伍customer retention 顾客维系/保留customer satisfaction 顾客满意度customer segment pricing 顾客细分市场定价customer service 顾客服务customer-oriented pricing 顾客导向定价法customers' perception 顾客感知customers' preferences 顾客偏好customers' price sensitivity 顾客的价格敏感度customizing 定制data collection 数据收集data confidentiality 数据保密data research 数据研究data sources 数据来源dealers 经销商deceptive advertisements 欺骗性广告deciders 决策者declining markets 衰退市场decoding 解码defect rate 缺陷率defender strategy 防御型战略defensive new-product development strategy 防御性新产品开发战略defensive positioning 防御性定位delivery time 交付时间delivery 配送demand characteristics 需求特征demand curve 需求曲线demand-oriented pricing 需求导向定价法demographic environment 人口统计环境department stores 百货商店dependability 可靠性deregulation 放松管制derived demand 衍生需求descriptive research 描述性研究design decisions 设计决策desired percentage mark-up on retail 预期零售利润率desired percentage return 预期回报率determinant attributes 关键属性determinants 决定因素different responses 差别反应differentiated defender strategy 差异化防御战略differentiated marketing 差异化营销differentiation over time 不同时间的差异differentiation strategy 差异化战略differentiation 差异化diffusion of innovation theory 创新扩散理论dimension 因素dimensions of quality 质量维度direct costing profitability analysis 直接成本盈利性分析direct mail 直接邮寄direct marketing via advertising media 通过广告媒体的直接营销direct marketing 直接营销direct product profitability (DPP) 直接产品盈利性/利润率direct selling 直销discount rate 贴现率discount stores 折扣商店discount 折扣discount/premium price policies 折扣/溢价策略discriminant analysis 差异分析法discriminatory adjustments 歧视价格调整discriminatory pricing adjustments 歧视定价调整disjunctive model 分离模型display space 陈列空间disposable income 可支配收入dissonance-attribution hierarchy 不和谐-归属层次结构distribution channel designs 分销渠道设计distribution channel objectives 分销渠道的目标distribution channel 分销渠道distribution decisions 分销决策distribution policies 分销策略distribution 分销distributor/store (private lables) brands 分销商/私有品牌distributors 分销商diversification 多元化divest 撤退divest 出让divestment or liquidation 收回投资或清算dividend 红利dogs 瘦狗类domestic target marketing strategies 国内目标市场定位的营销战略dropping products 放弃产品dry cleaning 干洗dual/two channel distribution systems 双重分销系统duplication （媒体）重复DuPont 杜邦公司durability 耐用性early vs late adoption 早期采购与后期采购earnings per share 每股收益economic and technological factors 经济技术因素economic power 经济权economies of scale 规模经济education services 教育服务effectiveness 有效性efficiency 效率emergency goods 急需品emotional appeals 情感诉求empathy 移情作用empirical evidence 经验性实例empowerment 授权encoding 编码end use 最终使用endorsement 赞同engineering （产品）工程设计entrepreneurial strategy 企业家战略entry strategies 进入战略environment and packaging disposal 环境与包装处理environment factors 环境因素environmental scanning 环境扫描/分析environmental strategy 环境战略establishment 机构ethical audit （公司）伦理审计ethics of marketing 营销伦理道德ethnic composition 种族构成European Community 欧共体evaluation and reward systems 评估与奖励体系evaluation and selection of supplier 评估和选择供应商evaluation of alternatives 评估替代品/各种选择evaluation of brands 品牌评估event sponsorship 事件赞助event 活动everyday low-price (EDLP) 天天低价evoked set 引发的组合evolution of market 市场演变exchange 交换exclusive dealing 独家销售exclusive distribution 独家分销executive summary 执行摘要exhibition media 展示广告媒体existing market 现有市场exit barriers 退出壁垒expansion path 扩张途径expectation measures （顾客）预期测度expectations of customers 顾客期望expected unit sales 预计产量expected value 期望价值experience curve 经验曲线experimental research 实验性研究expert power 专长权exploratory research 探索性研究export agents 出口代理（商）export jobbers 出口批发商export management company 出口管理公司export merchants 出口贸易商export 出口exporting 出口商品extended use strategy 扩大使用战略extending volume growth 扩大市场份额external data sources 外部数据来源external environment 外部环境extrapolation of past sales trends 过去销售趋势推测法facilitating agencies 辅助/中介机构factor analysis 因素分析法fads 时尚family branding 家族品牌family life cycle 家庭生命周期family structure 家庭结构farm products 农产品fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) 快速变动的消费品fear appeals 恐惧/顾虑诉求features 特征Federal Department Stores 联邦百货商店Federal Trade Code （FTC) 联邦贸易法案FedEx (Federal Express) 联邦快递feedback data 反馈数据field test marketing 实地市场测试financing 融资fisheries 渔业fit and finish 结实度与外观fixed costs 固定成本fixed salary 固定工资flanker strategy 侧翼进攻战略flanker/fighting brand 战斗品牌flanking and encirclement strategies 侧翼进攻与围堵战略flat organizational structure 扁平的组织结构FOB origin pricing FOB产地定价法focus strategy 集中战略followers 追随者Ford 福特公司foreign middlemen 国外中间商forestry 林业formalization 形式/规范化formulate 制定fortress/position-defence strategy 防御堡垒战略Fortune 《财富》杂志forward integration 向前一体化franchise systems 特许系统franchising 特许经营free call numbers 免费电话号码free goods 免费商品freight-absorption pricing 免收运费定价法fringe benefits 小额津贴frontal attack strategy 正面进攻战略full costing profitability analysis 全成本盈利性分析full-service wholesalers 全方位服务的批发商functional competencies and resource allocation 职能能力与资源分配functional efficiency 职能效率functional organization of sales force 按销售职能组织销售队伍functional organizational structure 职能型组织结构functional performance 功能性能functional strategy 职能战略games 比赛gap 差距gatekeepers 信息传递者general behavioral descriptors 一般行为变量General Electric (GE) 通用电气General Foods Corporation 通用食品general merchandise discount chains 大众商品折扣连锁店General Motors 通用汽车geodemographics 区域人口统计特征geographic adjustments 地理调整geographic distribution 地理分布geographical organization of sales force 按地区组织销售队伍Gillette 吉列剔须刀global adjustments 全球调整global elite consumer segment 全球精英消费品市场global expansion 全球扩张global marketing control 全球营销控制global markets 全球市场global niche strategy 全球机会战略global standardization strategy 全球标准化战略global teenage segment 全球青少年市场globalization 全球化global-market expansion 全球市场扩张goals 总目标going-rate/competitive parity pricing 竞争性平价定价法goods producers 产品制造商Goodyear 固特异轮胎government agencies 政府机构government buyers 政府采购者government market 政府市场government regulation 政府管制greenhouse effect 温室效应grey market 灰色市场gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值gross margin 毛利gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值gross profit 毛利gross rating points (GRPs) 总级别指数group/category product manager 类别产品经理growing markets 成长市场growth rate of market 市场增长率growth stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的成长阶段growth-extension strategies 增长扩张战略growth-market strategies for market leaders 市场领导者的市场增长战略growth-market strategy 成长性市场战略growth-market targeting strategy 成长性市场定位战略guarantee/warranty 保证/担保guarantees 保证Gucci 古琦（世界著名时装品牌）Haagen-Dazs 哈根达斯hard technology 硬技术Harvard Business Review 《哈佛商业评论》harvest 收获harvesting pricing 收获定价法harvesting strategy 收获战略health care 医疗保健health maintenance organizations (HMOs) （美国）卫生保健组织heavy buyer 大客户Heileman Brewing CompanyHeinz 亨氏食品helpfulness 有益性Henkel 汉高Hertz 赫兹（美国汽车租赁巨头）Hewlett-Packard 惠普公司hierarchy of strategy 战略的层次high margin/low-turnover retailers 高利润/低周转率的零售商high market share global strategy 高市场份额全球战略high-contact service system 高接触服务系统high-involvement product 高参与产品high-involvement purchase 高参与购买hight market share 高市场份额战略Hilton 希尔顿Holiday Inns 假日旅馆homogeneous market 同质市场Honda 本田household/family life cycle 家庭生命周期household 家庭hybrid technology 混合技术idea generation 创意的产生/生成ideas for new products 新产品创意/构想idea-screening process 创意筛选过程identification of segments 识别细分市场Illinois Tool Works 伊利诺斯工具厂image pricing 形象定价imitative positioning 模仿定位imitative strategy 模仿战略impact evaluation 影响评估impersonal sources 非个人的信息来源implementation and control of marketing programs 营销计划的执行和控制implementation 实施improvements in or revisions of existing products 现有产品的改良或修正impulse buying 冲动购买impulse goods 冲动购买品incentives 激励income 收入increased penetration strategy 增加渗透战略indirect costing profitability analysis 间接成本盈利性分析individual brand 个别品牌individual value 个人价值industrial goods & services 工业产品和服务industrial goods channels 工业品分销渠道industry attractiveness 行业吸引力industry attractiveness-business position matrix 行业吸引力-业务地位矩阵industry dynamics 产业动态industry evaluation 产业评估industry evolution 产业演变inelastic 缺乏价格弹性influencers 影响者infocommunications industry 信息通信行业infomercials 商业信息广告information age 信息时代information search 信息搜集information technology 信息技术information 信息informative 告知性的ingredient 成份in-home personal interview 个人家庭访谈in-house use tests 内部使用测试innovation 创新innovativeness 创新性installation 设施in-store display 店内展示in-store positioning 店内布局in-store promotion 店内促销intangibles 无形integrated marketing communication plan (IMC) 整合营销传播计划integration of perception 感知整合integration 整合Intel 因特尔intensity of market position 市场地位的集中程度intensity 集中程度intensive distribution 密集型分销interactions across multiple target markets 多目标市场间的相互作用interactive media 交互式媒体interest rates 利率internal data sources 内部数据来源internal marketing 内部营销internal organizational structure 内部组织结构international advertising 国际广告international channels 国际分销渠道international division 国际分部international marketing 国际营销international organizational design 国际组织设计internationalization of services 服务的国际化introductory stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的推出阶段inventory level 库存水平investor relations advertising 投资关系广告issue advertising 观点广告jobbers 批发商Johnson & Johnson 强生joint ventures 合资jury of executive opinion 行政管理人员群体意见法just noticeable difference (JND) 恰巧注意到的差异just-in-time (JIT) management system 准时制管理体系just-in-time purchasing arrangements 及key account management 主要客户管理key accounts 关键客户key benefits 核心利益key environmental issue identification 确定主要的环境问题key variables 关键变量key/house accounts 关键/机构客户laboratory tests 实验室测试leapfrog strategy 蛙跳战略learning hierarchy 学习层级结构legal services 法律服务legislation 立法legitimate power 法定权level of compensation 酬金水平level of technical sophistication 技术的复杂程度Levi Strauss 李维·史特劳斯Levi's 列维斯（全球最大的牛仔服制造商）lexicographic model 词典编纂模型lifestyle 生活方式limited-service wholesalers 有限服务的批发商line extension 产品线扩展line filling 产品线填充line stretching 产品线延伸list price 订价Lloyd's of London 伦敦劳埃德保险公司localizaiton strategy 本地化战略location pricing 场所定价location 位置lodging 房屋出租logistical alliances 后勤联盟long-term memory 长期记忆lost customer 失去的顾客Louis Vuitton 路易·威登（法国著名时尚品牌）low-contact service system 低接触服务系统low-cost defender 低成本防御型low-cost position 低成本地位low-involvement hierarchy 低参与程度层级结构macro risks 宏观风险macroenvironment 宏观环境macrosegmentation 宏观细分mail-order retailers 邮购零售商maintaining market share 保持市场份额maintenance strategy 保持战略management overhead 管理费mandatory adaptation 强制性适应manufacturer brand 制造商/全国性品牌manufacturers' agents/representatives 生产商的代理商/销售代表manufacturers' export agents (MEA) 制造商出口代理manufacturers' sales offices/branches 生产商的销售办事处/分支机构manufacturing process 制造过程manufacturing 制造业market aggregation strategy 整体市场战略market attractiveness factors 市场吸引力因素market attractiveness 市场吸引力market attractiveness/business position matrix 市场吸引力/业务地位矩阵market circumstances 市场环境market demorgraphics 市场人口分布/统计特征market dimension 市场量度market entry strategies 市场进入战略market exclusion 市场排斥market expansion strategy 市场扩张战略market factors 市场因素market followers 市场跟随者market growth rate 市场增长率market hirarchy 市场等级market inclusion 市场纳入market leaders 市场领导者market measurement 市场测量market opportunity analysis 市场机会分析market oriented 以市场为导向的market position factors 市场地位因素market positioning analysis 市场定位分析market potential measurements 市场潜力测度market research 市场研究market segment 细分市场market segmentation 市场细分market share 市场份额market targeting 目标市场选择market 市场marketability 市场开拓能力market-entry strategies 市场进入战略marketing action plan 营销行动计划marketing audit 营销审计marketing channel 营销渠道marketing codes of conduct 营销行为规范marketing communication 营销沟通/传播marketing concept 营销观念marketing control 营销控制marketing decision support systems (MDSS) 营销决策支持系统marketing environment audit 营销环境审计marketing flows and functions 营销过程和职能marketing function area audit 营销功能领域的审计marketing implications of 对营销的影响marketing information system 营销信息系统marketing institutions 营销机构marketing management 营销管理marketing message 营销信息marketing mix 营销组合marketing policy 营销策略marketing productivity area audit 营销生产力领域的审计marketing program components 营销计划内容marketing program 营销计划/方案marketing relationship 营销关系marketing research 营销研究marketing strategy 营销战略market-management organizational structure 市场管理组织结构mark-up price 产品/溢价价格Marlboro 万宝路Marriott Hotel 万豪酒店mass-market penetration strategy 大规模市场渗透战略mass-market strategy 大市场战略matrix organizational structure 矩阵组织结构Matsushita 日本松下电子mature conformists 成熟的随大流者mature markets 成熟市场mature stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的成熟阶段McDonald's 麦当劳McDonnell Douglas 麦道公司MCI电讯公司（前世界通信公司）MDSS (Marketing-Decision Support System) 市场决策支持系统measurability 可测度性measure or index 测量指标measurement criteria 计量标准media audiences 媒体受众medical and health services 医疗卫生服务Medico Containment Servicesmemory of consumers 消费者记忆Mercedes-Benz 梅赛德斯-奔驰Mercer Management Consulting 美国美智管理顾问公司merchandising 推销merchant middlemen 国内贸易中间商merchant wholesalers 商业批发商message structure 信息结构Michael Porter 迈克尔-波特micro risks 微观风险microsegmentatioin 微观细分Miller Tyding ACT, USA 米勒·泰丁法案minging 矿业Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M) 明尼苏达矿业和制造公司Minolta 美能达miscellaneous sources 多方面来源mission 宗旨missionary selling 推销式销售Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 三菱重工modified rebuy 调整再购monosegment positioning 单一细分市场定位Monsanto 孟山都农业生物技术公司moral appeals 伦理/道德诉求morals 道德Motorola 摩托罗拉multichannel distribution 多渠道分销multidimensional scaling 多维等级法multilevel selling 多级销售multinational coporations (MNCs) 跨国公司multiple test markets 多测试市场multiple-brand strategy 多品牌战略multiple-factor index 多因素指数法multisegment positioning 多重细分市场定位mutual trust 相互信任national account management 全国性客户管理national market 国内市场National Semiconductor 美国国家半导体公司natural products 天然产品NEC 日本电子Nescafé 雀巢咖啡Nestlé 雀巢net sales 净销售额network computer (NC) 网络计算机new business selling 新业务销售new buy 购入新产品new entrants 新进入者new markets 新市场new materials 新材料New Prod screening model 新普罗德筛选模型new product lines 新产品线new products 新产品new-product development 新产品开发new-product ideas 新产品创意Newsweek 《新闻周刊》new-task buying 全新采购new-to-the-world products 世界性新产品niche penetration strategy 壁龛/机会市场渗透战略niche-market strategy 壁龛市场战略Nike 耐克Nissan 尼桑no-brand brand name 无品牌的品牌名称no-frills product 无虚饰产品noise in communication system 传播系统中的噪音non-financial rewards 非物质性奖励措施non-probability sampling 非概率抽样non-profit organization 非盈利组织non-store retailing 无店铺零售业number of stockouts 迟滞数目object-and-task method of promotion budgeting 目标-任务促销预算法objectives and strategy area audit 目标与战略领域的审计objectives 具体目标observation 观察法occupancy costs 房屋占用成本occupation/position 职业/职位odd pricing 奇/余数定价法OEM (original equipment manufacturer) 原始设备制造商oeverall quality 总体质量off-invoice discounts 发票之外的折扣offsets 抵消交易Omega 欧米加on-air testing 广播测试OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 欧佩克（石油输出国组织）opening relationships 建立关系operating supplies 生产供应品operational excellence 运作管理水平opinion leaders 意见领导者opportunity cost 机会成本opportunity identification 机会识别opportunity/threat matrix 机会/威胁矩阵order cycle time 订货周期order processing 订单处理organisational level 组织层次organizaitonal requirement planning 组织需求计划organization area audit 组织领域的审计organization buying center 组织采购中心organizational customer 组织顾客organizational direct selling 组织直销organizational markets 组织市场organizational purchasing 组织采购organzational structure 组织结构outdoor enthusiasts 户外运动爱好者out-of-home media 户外广告媒体overall cost leadership 全面成本领先overheads 日常开支overseas direct investment 海外直接投资ownership of new product 新产品所有权packaging 包装panel of experts 专家小组parentage 渊源parties involved 交换中的各方payment terms 支付条款pay-off control 支出控制penetration pricing 渗透定价Pepsi-Cola 百事可乐perceived customer value 顾客感知价值perceived quality 感知到的质量perceived value 感知到的价值percentage of sales promotion budgeting method 销售额百分比促销预算法perceptions of consumers 消费者感知/理解perceptual (product) pisitioning 感知（产品）定位perceptual map 感知图perceptual organization 感知组织perceptual vigilance 感性的警惕performance dimension 业绩标准performance evaluation 业绩评估performance measures 表现/业绩测度performance objective 绩效目标performance standards 绩效标准performance 功能perishability 非持久性personal selling 人员推销personal sources 个人的信息来源personnel development 人力资源开发persuasive 说服性的pharmaceuticals industry 医药行业physical (product) positioning 物理（产品）定位physical descriptors 物理变量physical distribution 实物分销Pillsbury 皮尔斯博瑞pioneers 先入者Pizza Hut 必胜客place utility 地点效用planning and control system area audit 计划与控制系统领域的审计point of sale information 销售点信息point-of-purhcase (POP) promotion 采购点促销point-of-sales (POS) data 销售点数据pontificator 保守派popularity 通用性population trends 人口趋势portfolio models for resource allocation 资源配置的资产组合模式position intensity 地位集中程度positioning 定位possession utility 拥有效用post-purchase dissonance 购买后的不协调post-purchase evaluation 购买后评估post-purchase/after-sale service 售后服务potential advantages 潜在优势potential customer 潜在顾客potential market 潜在市场potential target market 潜在目标市场power in distribution 分销权力power of buyers 购买者能力power of suppliers 供应商能力predatory pricing 掠夺性定价法pre-empting scarce resources 先占稀缺资源preferential treatment 特惠待遇premiums 额外奖励present competitors 现有的竞争者presenting sales message 提供销售信息pre-test market research 测试前市场研究price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求的价格弹性price fixing 价格设定price leaders 价格领导者price lining 价格排列定价法price promotion 价格促销price quotation 报价price sensitivity 价格敏感度price structure 价格结构price 价格price/earnings ration 价格/收益比price-off promotions 降价促销price-setting process 定价过程pricing adjustments 定价调整pricing policies 价格策略pricing 定价primary demand 基本需求primary sources 第一类/主要数据print media 印刷媒体private/for-profit organization 私营/盈利性组织PRIZM (Potential Rating Index for Zip Markets) 按邮政区划为基础的潜力等级指数proactive new-product development strategy 进取型新产品开发战略probability sampling 概率抽样problem formulation 界定问题problem identificatioin 确定问题process management 过程管理Procter & Gamble (P&G) 宝洁公司product line 产品线product availability 产品的可获得性product category 产品类别product class 产品类别product decisions 产品决策product design 产品设计product development 产品开发product dimension or attributes 产品维度/属性product evolution 产品演变product features 产品特征product intent share 产品倾向份额product leadership 产品领导能力product life cycle (PLC) 产品生命周期product life cycle curve 产品生命周期曲线product line 产品线product manager audit 产品经理审计product offering 供应品product organizaiton of salesforce 按产品组织销售队伍product policies 产品策略product positioning 产品定位product quality 产品质量product scope 产品范围product space 产品位置product specifications 产品规格product systems 产品体系product type 产品类型product usage 产品用途product 产品product(ion)-oriented organization 产品/生产导向型组织production 生产product-line pricing adjustments 产品线定价调整product-management organizational structure 产品管理组织结构product-market entry control 产品－市场进入控制product-related behavioral descriptors 与产品相关的行为变量product's market characteristics 产品的市场特征product-use testing 产品使用测试pro-environment 环保profit impact of market strategy (PIMS) 市场战略的利润影响profitability analysis 盈利性分析profitability 盈利性/盈利能力profitable survivor strategy 有利可图的生存者战略project-company resource compatibility 项目与公司资源的协调性projected profit-and-loss statement 预计损益表projective tests 投影测试promotion decisions 促销决策promotion mix 促销组合promotion policies 促销策略promotion 促销promotional allowance 促销折让promotional effort 促销努力promotional pricing 促销定价promptness 及时性propector strategy 探索型战略prospecting for customers 寻找顾客psychographics 心理统计特征psychological cost 心理成本psychological pricing 心理定价法public organization 公共组织public relations 公共关系public utilities 公共设施publicity 公共宣传pull strategy for control of distribution channels 分销渠道控制的拉式战略pupil dilation 瞳孔扩张purchase predisposition 购买倾向purchasing agent 采购代理purchasing contract 采购合同purchasing manager/agent 采购经理／代理purchasing power perity (PPP) 购买力平价指数push money/spiffs 佣金push stragtegy for control of distribution channels 分销渠道控制的推式战略qualifying prospects 审查潜在顾客资格。
非常有用的英文销售术语
非常有用的英文销售术语(KA、TG、MT、CR-TT、OTCR、SKU、DC、DSD、OEM、POP、4P、4C、SWOT、FAB、USP……究竟是什么意思？许多朋友，碰到上述英文销售术语时，往往一头雾水，不知是啥意思。
现将最常见的150余条英文销售术语整理如下：DA（Distribution & Assortment）分销Location：位置Display：陈列Pricing：价格Inventory：库存Merchandising：助销Promotion：促销KA（Key Account）：重点客户GKA（Global Key Account）：全球性重点客户NKA（National Key Account）：全国性重点客户LKA（Local Key Account）：地方性重点客户RKA（Retail Key Account ）：零售重点客户SM（ShoppingMall）：大型购物消费中心简称销品茂HYM（Hypermarket）：巨型超级市场，简称大卖场SPM（Supermarket）：超级市场，简称超市S-SPM（Small-Supermarket）：小型超市M-SPM（Middle-Supermarket）：中型超市L-SPM（Large-Supermarket）：大型超市C&C（Cash & Carry）：仓储式会员店CVS（Convenience Store）：便利店GS（Gas Station）：加油站便利店DS（Discount Store）：折扣店MT（Modern Trade ）：现代渠道TT（Tradiditional Trade）：传统渠道OT（Organized Trade）：现代特殊渠道OP（On Premise ）：餐饮渠道HBR（Hotel,Bar,Restaurant）：旅馆、酒吧、餐馆等封闭性通路WHS（Wholesaler）：批发商2nd tier Ws：二级批发商DT（Distributor）：经销商，分销商2ndDT：二级分销商DIST（Distributor System）：专营分销商MW（Managed Wholesalers）：管制批发商PW（Passive Wholesalers）：传统批发商DSD（Direct Store Delivery）：店铺直接配送CSTD（Company Sells Third Party Delivers）：我销他送DC（Distribution Center）：配送中心TPL（Third Party Logistics）：第三方物流CRP（Contiuous Replenishment）：持续补货CAO（Computer Assisted Ordering）：计算机辅助订货PUR（Purchase）：进货OOS（Out of Stock）：缺货Inventory day：库存天数SKU（Stock Keeping Uint）：最小库存计量单位UPC：通用产品编码Bar Code：条形码Slim（Slim）：纤细,苗条(包装)TC：铁罐包装AC：铝罐包装TP（TETRA PAK）：利乐无菌包装(俗称纸包装)PET：宝特瓶(俗称胶瓶)POSM（Point of Sale Materials）：陈列品GE（Gondola End）：端架MIT（Marketing Inpact Team）：卖场整合性陈列；堆箱TG（Type Genus ）：堆头Island Display：堆头式陈列Floor Display：落地割箱陈列Pallet Display：卡板陈列Strip Display：挂条陈列Sidekick Display：侧挂陈列Checkout Display：收银台陈列Cooler Display：冰柜陈列Secondary Display：二次陈列Cross Display：交叉陈列PG（Promotion Girl）：促销员P-T（Part-timer）：临时工，特指临促POP（Point Of Purchase）：门店广告Price discount：特价On-Pack：绑赠Sampling：试吃Road Show：路演，大型户外促销活动DM（Direct Mail ）：商场快讯商品广告；邮报PR（Public Relation）：公共关系NP（News Paper）：报纸杂志AD（Advertisement）：广告GRP（Gross Rating Point）：毛评点;总收视点（媒介用语）Loyalty：忠诚度Penetration：渗透率Value Share：市场份额AVE（Average）：平均数WTD（Weighted）：加权NUM（Numeric）：数值PP（Previous Period）：上期YA（Year Ago）：去年同期VOL（Volume）：销售量VAL（Value）：销售额VAL-PP（Value PP）：上期销售额VAL-YA（Value YA）：去年同期销售额YTD（Year To Date ）：截至当期的本年累计MTD（Means Month to Date）：本月到今天为止SPPD（Sales Per Point of Distribution）：每点销售额BTL（Below The Line）：线下费用ATL（Above The Line）：线上费用ABC（Activity based costing）：成本动因核算法（又称：巴雷托分析法）U&A（Usage and Attitude）：消费态度和行为(市场调查)FGD（Focus Group Discuss）：座谈会(市调一种)Store Check：终端调查，铺市率调查CR：销售代表CR-OP：销售代表-餐饮渠道CR-OT：销售代表-现代特殊渠道CR-MT：销售代表-现代渠道CR-TT：销售代表-传统渠道OTCR：现代渠道销售代表WDR：批发拓展代表ADR：客户拓展代表DCR：分销商合约代表DSR：分销商销售代表KSR：大客户销售主任KAM：重点客户经理CDM：渠道拓展经理MDR：市场拓展代表MDE：市场拓展主任MDM：市场拓展经理TMM：通路行销市场经理TDS：区域拓展主任TDM：区域拓展经理LTDM：高级区域拓展经理UM：业务单位经理（大区经理）GM（General Manager）：总经理GMDR（General Manager Direct Reports ）：总经理直接下属VP（Vice President）：副总裁FVP（First Vice President）：第一副总裁AVP（Assistant Vice President）：副总裁助理CEO（Chief Executive Officer）：首席执行官COO（Chief Operations Officer）：首席运营官CFO（Chief Financial Officer）：首席财务官CIO（Chief Information Officer）：首席信息官Director：总监HRD（Human Resource Director）：人力资源总监OD（Operations Director）：运营总监MD（Marketing Director）：市场总监OM（Operations Manager）：运营经理PM （Product Manager）：产品经理BM（Brand Manager）：品牌经理4P（Product、Price、Place、Promotion）：4P营销理论(产品、价格、渠道、促销)4C（Customer、Cost、Convenience、Communication）：4C营销理论(顾客、成本、便利、沟通)4V（Variation、Versatility、Value、Vibration）：4V营销理论(差异化、功能化、附加价值、共鸣)SWOT（Strengths、Weaknesses、Opportunities、Threats）：SWOT分析法(优势、劣势、机遇、威胁)FABE（Feature、Advantage、Benefit、Evidence）：FABE法则(特性、优点、利益、证据)USP（Unique Selling Propostion）：独特销售主张3A（Avalible、Able、Adsire）：买得到、买得起、乐得买PDCA（Plan、Do、Check、Action）：PDCA循环管理(计划、执行、检查、行动)OEM（Original Equipment Manufacturer）：原始设备制造商,俗称“贴牌”ODM（Original Design Manufacturer）：原装设计制造商OBM（Own Brand Manufacturer）：自有品牌制造商IPO（Initial Public Offering）：首次公开募股LOGO：商标Slogan：广告语FMCG（Fast Moving Consumer Goods）：快速消费品DCG（Durable Consumer Goods）：耐用消费品。
快消品术语--中英文
这个太实用了！【快消品从业人员必懂的英文销售术语】KA、TG、MT、CR-TT、OTCR、SKU、DC、DSD、OEM、POP、4P、4C、SWOT、FAB、USP……究竟是什么意思？DA（Distribution ＆Assortment)分销Location：位置Display：陈列Pricing:价格Inventory:库存Merchandising：助销Promotion：促销KA(Key Account）:重点客户GKA（Global Key Account）：全球性重点客户NKA(National Key Account）：全国性重点客户LKA（Local Key Account)：地方性重点客户RKA（Retail Key Account ）：零售重点客户SM（ShoppingMall):大型购物消费中心简称销品茂HYM（Hypermarket）：巨型超级市场，简称大卖场SPM（Supermarket):超级市场，简称超市S—SPM（Small—Supermarket)：小型超市M—SPM（Middle-Supermarket）：中型超市L-SPM（Large-Supermarket）：大型超市C＆C（Cash ＆Carry）:仓储式会员店CVS(Convenience Store）：便利店GS(Gas Station)：加油站便利店DS（Discount Store）：折扣店MT（Modern Trade ）:现代渠道TT(Tradiditional Trade）：传统渠道OT（Organized Trade）:现代特殊渠道OP(On Premise ）：餐饮渠道HBR（Hotel,Bar,Restaurant):旅馆、酒吧、餐馆等封闭性通路WHS（Wholesaler）：批发商2nd tier Ws:二级批发商DT（Distributor）：经销商，分销商2ndDT：二级分销商DIST(Distributor System):专营分销商MW（Managed Wholesalers）：管制批发商PW(Passive Wholesalers）：传统批发商DSD（Direct Store Delivery）：店铺直接配送CSTD（Company Sells Third Party Delivers):我销他送DC（Distribution Center)：配送中心TPL（Third Party Logistics)：第三方物流CRP(Contiuous Replenishment）：持续补货CAO（Computer Assisted Ordering）：计算机辅助订货PUR(Purchase）：进货OOS(Out of Stock）：缺货Inventory day：库存天数SKU（Stock Keeping Uint)：最小库存计量单位UPC：通用产品编码Bar Code：条形码Slim(Slim）:纤细,苗条(包装)TC:铁罐包装AC：铝罐包装TP(TETRA PAK）：利乐无菌包装(俗称纸包装) PET：宝特瓶（俗称胶瓶)POSM（Point of Sale Materials）：陈列品GE（Gondola End）：端架MIT（Marketing Inpact Team）:卖场整合性陈列；堆箱TG（Type Genus ）：堆头Island Display：堆头式陈列Floor Display:落地割箱陈列Pallet Display:卡板陈列Strip Display：挂条陈列Sidekick Display：侧挂陈列Checkout Display：收银台陈列Cooler Display：冰柜陈列Secondary Display：二次陈列Cross Display：交叉陈列PG（Promotion Girl）:促销员P-T(Part—timer）：临时工,特指临促POP（Point Of Purchase）：门店广告Price discount：特价On-Pack：绑赠Sampling：试吃Road Show：路演，大型户外促销活动DM（Direct Mail ）：商场快讯商品广告；邮报PR（Public Relation）:公共关系NP(News Paper）：报纸杂志AD（Advertisement）：广告GRP（Gross Rating Point）：毛评点；总收视点（媒介用语)Loyalty：忠诚度Penetration：渗透率Value Share：市场份额A VE（Average）:平均数WTD(Weighted）：加权NUM(Numeric）:数值PP（Previous Period）:上期YA（Year Ago)：去年同期VOL（Volume）：销售量V AL（Value）：销售额V AL—PP（Value PP）：上期销售额V AL—YA（Value Y A)：去年同期销售额YTD（Year To Date ）：截至当期的本年累计MTD（Means Month to Date)：本月到今天为止SPPD(Sales Per Point of Distribution):每点销售额BTL（Below The Line）：线下费用ATL（Above The Line):线上费用ABC(Activity based costing）：成本动因核算法（又称：巴雷托分析法）U&A（Usage and Attitude）：消费态度和行为（市场调查)FGD（Focus Group Discuss）：座谈会（市调一种）Store Check:终端调查，铺市率调查CR：销售代表CR-OP：销售代表-餐饮渠道CR-OT：销售代表—现代特殊渠道CR—MT：销售代表-现代渠道CR—TT:销售代表—传统渠道OTCR：现代渠道销售代表WDR：批发拓展代表ADR：客户拓展代表DCR：分销商合约代表DSR:分销商销售代表KSR：大客户销售主任KAM:重点客户经理CDM：渠道拓展经理MDR：市场拓展代表MDE：市场拓展主任MDM:市场拓展经理TMM：通路行销市场经理TDS：区域拓展主任TDM：区域拓展经理LTDM：高级区域拓展经理UM：业务单位经理(大区经理）GM（General Manager)：总经理GMDR（General Manager Direct Reports ）：总经理直接下属VP(Vice President)：副总裁FVP(First Vice President）:第一副总裁A VP（Assistant Vice President）：副总裁助理CEO（Chief Executive Officer）：首席执行官COO(Chief Operations Officer）：首席运营官CFO（Chief Financial Officer）：首席财务官CIO（Chief Information Officer）：首席信息官Director：总监HRD（Human Resource Director）：人力资源总监OD（Operations Director）：运营总监MD(Marketing Director）：市场总监OM（Operations Manager)：运营经理PM （Product Manager）：产品经理BM（Brand Manager）：品牌经理4P（Product、Price、Place、Promotion）：4P营销理论(产品、价格、渠道、促销）4C（Customer、Cost、Convenience、Communication）：4C营销理论（顾客、成本、便利、沟通)4V（Variation、Versatility、Value、Vibration）：4V营销理论(差异化、功能化、附加价值、共鸣)SWOT（Strengths、Weaknesses、Opportunities、Threats）:SWOT分析法(优势、劣势、机遇、威胁)FABE（Feature、Advantage、Benefit、Evidence）：FABE法则(特性、优点、利益、证据）USP（Unique Selling Propostion）:独特销售主张3A（Avalible、Able、Adsire）：买得到、买得起、乐得买PDCA（Plan、Do、Check、Action）:PDCA循环管理（计划、执行、检查、行动)OEM（Original Equipment Manufacturer)：原始设备制造商，俗称“贴牌”ODM（Original Design Manufacturer)：原装设计制造商OBM（Own Brand Manufacturer）：自有品牌制造商IPO（Initial Public Offering):首次公开募股LOGO:商标Slogan:广告语FMCG(Fast Moving Consumer Goods）:快速消费品DCG(Durable Consumer Goods）:耐用消费品［微笑]首先将所有术语明示：费用：房租+装修待摊（按12个月待摊）+人员工资+办公物流费用+水电、税务.。
营销专业术语中英文对照（2）
Ggames 比赛gap 差距gatekeepers 信息传递者general behavioral descriptors 一般行为变量General Electric (GE) 通用电气General Foods Corporation 通用食品general merchandise discount chains 大众商品折扣连锁店General Motors 通用汽车geodemographics 区域人口统计特征geographic adjustments 地理调整geographic distribution 地理分布geographical organization of sales force 按地区组织销售队伍Gillette 吉列剔须刀global adjustments 全球调整global elite consumer segment 全球精英消费品市场global expansion 全球扩张global marketing control 全球营销控制global markets 全球市场global niche strategy 全球机会战略global standardization strategy 全球标准化战略global teenage segment 全球青少年市场globalization 全球化global-market expansion 全球市场扩张goals 总目标going-rate/competitive parity pricing 竞争性平价定价法goods producers 产品制造商Goodyear 固特异轮胎government agencies 政府机构government buyers 政府采购者government market 政府市场government regulation 政府管制greenhouse effect 温室效应grey market 灰色市场gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值gross margin 毛利gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值gross profit 毛利gross rating points (GRPs) 总级别指数group/category product manager 类别产品经理growing markets 成长市场growth rate of market 市场增长率growth stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的成长阶段growth-extension strategies 增长扩张战略growth-market strategies for market leaders 市场领导者的市场增长战略growth-market strategy 成长性市场战略growth-market targeting strategy 成长性市场定位战略guarantee/warranty 保证/担保guarantees 保证Gucci 古琦（世界著名时装品牌）HHaagen-Dazs 哈根达斯hard technology 硬技术Harvard Business Review 《哈佛商业评论》harvest 收获harvesting pricing 收获定价法harvesting strategy 收获战略health care 医疗保健health maintenance organizations (HMOs) （美国）卫生保健组织heavy buyer 大客户Heileman Brewing CompanyHeinz 亨氏食品helpfulness 有益性Henkel 汉高Hertz 赫兹（美国汽车租赁巨头）Hewlett-Packard 惠普公司hierarchy of strategy 战略的层次high margin/low-turnover retailers 高利润/低周转率的零售商high market share global strategy 高市场份额全球战略high-contact service system 高接触服务系统high-involvement product 高参与产品high-involvement purchase 高参与购买hight market share 高市场份额战略Hilton 希尔顿Holiday Inns 假日旅馆homogeneous market 同质市场Honda 本田household/family life cycle 家庭生命周期household 家庭hybrid technology 混合技术IIBM 国际商用机器idea generation 创意的产生/生成ideas for new products 新产品创意/构想idea-screening process 创意筛选过程identification of segments 识别细分市场Illinois Tool Works 伊利诺斯工具厂image pricing 形象定价imitative positioning 模仿定位imitative strategy 模仿战略impact evaluation 影响评估impersonal sources 非个人的信息来源implementation and control of marketing programs 营销计划的执行和控制implementation 实施improvements in or revisions of existing products 现有产品的改良或修正impulse buying 冲动购买impulse goods 冲动购买品incentives 激励income 收入increased penetration strategy 增加渗透战略indirect costing profitability analysis 间接成本盈利性分析individual brand 个别品牌individual value 个人价值industrial goods & services 工业产品和服务industrial goods channels 工业品分销渠道industry attractiveness 行业吸引力industry attractiveness-business position matrix 行业吸引力-业务地位矩阵industry dynamics 产业动态industry evaluation 产业评估industry evolution 产业演变inelastic 缺乏价格弹性influencers 影响者infocommunications industry 信息通信行业infomercials 商业信息广告information age 信息时代information search 信息搜集information technology 信息技术information 信息informative 告知性的ingredient 成份in-home personal interview 个人家庭访谈in-house use tests 内部使用测试innovation 创新innovativeness 创新性installation 设施in-store display 店内展示in-store positioning 店内布局in-store promotion 店内促销intangibles 无形integrated marketing communication plan (IMC) 整合营销传播计划integration of perception 感知整合integration 整合Intel 因特尔intensity of market position 市场地位的集中程度intensity 集中程度intensive distribution 密集型分销interactions across multiple target markets 多目标市场间的相互作用interactive media 交互式媒体interest rates 利率internal data sources 内部数据来源internal marketing 内部营销internal organizational structure 内部组织结构international advertising 国际广告international channels 国际分销渠道international division 国际分部international marketing 国际营销international organizational design 国际组织设计internationalization of services 服务的国际化introductory stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的推出阶段inventory level 库存水平investor relations advertising 投资关系广告issue advertising 观点广告JJaquar 美洲豹Jell-O 吉露jobbers 批发商Johnson & Johnson 强生joint ventures 合资jury of executive opinion 行政管理人员群体意见法just noticeable difference (JND) 恰巧注意到的差异just-in-time (JIT) management system 准时制管理体系just-in-time purchasing arrangements 及时采购安排KKao 花王Keiritsu 凯莱通Kellogg 凯洛格公司Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) 肯德基key account management 主要客户管理key accounts 关键客户key benefits 核心利益key environmental issue identification 确定主要的环境问题key variables 关键变量key/house accounts 关键/机构客户Kmart 凯玛特Kodak 柯达Komatsu 小松公司Kraft 卡芙Llaboratory tests 实验室测试leapfrog strategy 蛙跳战略learning hierarchy 学习层级结构legal services 法律服务legislation 立法legitimate power 法定权level of compensation 酬金水平level of technical sophistication 技术的复杂程度Levi Strauss 李维·史特劳斯Levi's 列维斯（全球最大的牛仔服制造商）lexicographic model 词典编纂模型lifestyle 生活方式limited-service wholesalers 有限服务的批发商line extension 产品线扩展line filling 产品线填充line stretching 产品线延伸list price 订价Lloyd's of London 伦敦劳埃德保险公司localizaiton strategy 本地化战略location pricing 场所定价location 位置lodging 房屋出租logistical alliances 后勤联盟long-term memory 长期记忆lost customer 失去的顾客Louis Vuitton 路易·威登（法国著名时尚品牌）low-contact service system 低接触服务系统low-cost defender 低成本防御型low-cost position 低成本地位low-involvement hierarchy 低参与程度层级结构Lucent Technologies 朗讯科技Mmacro risks 宏观风险macroenvironment 宏观环境macrosegmentation 宏观细分mail-order retailers 邮购零售商maintaining market share 保持市场份额maintenance strategy 保持战略management overhead 管理费mandatory adaptation 强制性适应manufacturer brand 制造商/全国性品牌manufacturers' agents/representatives 生产商的代理商/销售代表manufacturers' export agents (MEA) 制造商出口代理manufacturers' sales offices/branches 生产商的销售办事处/分支机构manufacturing process 制造过程manufacturing 制造业market aggregation strategy 整体市场战略market attractiveness factors 市场吸引力因素market attractiveness 市场吸引力market attractiveness/business position matrix 市场吸引力/业务地位矩阵market circumstances 市场环境market demorgraphics 市场人口分布/统计特征market dimension 市场量度market entry strategies 市场进入战略market exclusion 市场排斥market expansion strategy 市场扩张战略market factors 市场因素market followers 市场跟随者market growth rate 市场增长率market hirarchy 市场等级market inclusion 市场纳入market leaders 市场领导者market measurement 市场测量market opportunity analysis 市场机会分析market oriented 以市场为导向的market position factors 市场地位因素market positioning analysis 市场定位分析market potential measurements 市场潜力测度market research 市场研究market segment 细分市场market segmentation 市场细分market share 市场份额market targeting 目标市场选择market 市场marketability 市场开拓能力market-entry strategies 市场进入战略marketing action plan 营销行动计划marketing audit 营销审计marketing channel 营销渠道marketing codes of conduct 营销行为规范marketing communication 营销沟通/传播marketing concept 营销观念marketing control 营销控制marketing decision support systems (MDSS) 营销决策支持系统marketing environment audit 营销环境审计marketing flows and functions 营销过程和职能marketing function area audit 营销功能领域的审计marketing implications of 对营销的影响marketing information system 营销信息系统marketing institutions 营销机构marketing management 营销管理marketing message 营销信息marketing mix 营销组合marketing policy 营销策略marketing productivity area audit 营销生产力领域的审计marketing program components 营销计划内容marketing program 营销计划/方案marketing relationship 营销关系marketing research 营销研究marketing strategy 营销战略market-management organizational structure 市场管理组织结构mark-up price 产品/溢价价格Marlboro 万宝路Marriott Hotel 万豪酒店mass-market penetration strategy 大规模市场渗透战略mass-market strategy 大市场战略matrix organizational structure 矩阵组织结构Matsushita 日本松下电子mature conformists 成熟的随大流者mature markets 成熟市场mature stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的成熟阶段McDonald's 麦当劳McDonnell Douglas 麦道公司MCI电讯公司（前世界通信公司）MDSS (Marketing-Decision Support System) 市场决策支持系统measurability 可测度性measure or index 测量指标measurement criteria 计量标准media audiences 媒体受众medical and health services 医疗卫生服务Medico Containment Servicesmemory of consumers 消费者记忆Mercedes-Benz 梅赛德斯-奔驰Mercer Management Consulting 美国美智管理顾问公司merchandising 推销merchant middlemen 国内贸易中间商merchant wholesalers 商业批发商message structure 信息结构Michael Porter 迈克尔-波特micro risks 微观风险microsegmentatioin 微观细分Miller Tyding ACT, USA 米勒·泰丁法案minging 矿业Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M) 明尼苏达矿业和制造公司Minolta 美能达miscellaneous sources 多方面来源mission 宗旨missionary selling 推销式销售Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 三菱重工modified rebuy 调整再购monosegment positioning 单一细分市场定位Monsanto 孟山都农业生物技术公司moral appeals 伦理/道德诉求morals 道德Motorola 摩托罗拉multichannel distribution 多渠道分销multidimensional scaling 多维等级法multilevel selling 多级销售multinational coporations (MNCs) 跨国公司multiple test markets 多测试市场multiple-brand strategy 多品牌战略multiple-factor index 多因素指数法multisegment positioning 多重细分市场定位mutual trust 相互信任NNabisco Biscuit 纳贝斯克饼干公司national account management 全国性客户管理national market 国内市场National Semiconductor 美国国家半导体公司natural products 天然产品NEC 日本电子Nescafé雀巢咖啡Nestlé雀巢net sales 净销售额network computer (NC) 网络计算机new business selling 新业务销售new buy 购入新产品new entrants 新进入者new markets 新市场new materials 新材料New Prod screening model 新普罗德筛选模型new product lines 新产品线new products 新产品new-product development 新产品开发new-product ideas 新产品创意Newsweek 《新闻周刊》new-task buying 全新采购new-to-the-world products 世界性新产品niche penetration strategy 壁龛/机会市场渗透战略niche-market strategy 壁龛市场战略Nike 耐克Nissan 尼桑no-brand brand name 无品牌的品牌名称no-frills product 无虚饰产品noise in communication system 传播系统中的噪音non-financial rewards 非物质性奖励措施non-probability sampling 非概率抽样non-profit organization 非盈利组织non-store retailing 无店铺零售业number of stockouts 迟滞数目Oobject-and-task method of promotion budgeting 目标-任务促销预算法objectives and strategy area audit 目标与战略领域的审计objectives 具体目标observation 观察法occupancy costs 房屋占用成本occupation/position 职业/职位odd pricing 奇/余数定价法OEM (original equipment manufacturer) 原始设备制造商oeverall quality 总体质量off-invoice discounts 发票之外的折扣offsets 抵消交易Omega 欧米加on-air testing 广播测试OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 欧佩克（石油输出国组织）opening relationships 建立关系operating supplies 生产供应品operational excellence 运作管理水平opinion leaders 意见领导者opportunity cost 机会成本opportunity identification 机会识别opportunity/threat matrix 机会/威胁矩阵order cycle time 订货周期order processing 订单处理organisational level 组织层次organizaitonal requirement planning 组织需求计划organization area audit 组织领域的审计organization buying center 组织采购中心organizational customer 组织顾客organizational direct selling 组织直销organizational markets 组织市场organizational purchasing 组织采购organzational structure 组织结构outdoor enthusiasts 户外运动爱好者out-of-home media 户外广告媒体overall cost leadership 全面成本领先overheads 日常开支overseas direct investment 海外直接投资ownership of new product 新产品所有权PPacific Electric 太平洋电气packaging 包装panel of experts 专家小组parentage 渊源parties involved 交换中的各方payment terms 支付条款pay-off control 支出控制penetration pricing 渗透定价Pepsi-Cola 百事可乐perceived customer value 顾客感知价值perceived quality 感知到的质量perceived value 感知到的价值percentage of sales promotion budgeting method 销售额百分比促销预算法perceptions of consumers 消费者感知/理解perceptual (product) pisitioning 感知（产品）定位perceptual map 感知图perceptual organization 感知组织perceptual vigilance 感性的警惕performance dimension 业绩标准performance evaluation 业绩评估performance measures 表现/业绩测度performance objective 绩效目标performance standards 绩效标准performance 功能perishability 非持久性personal selling 人员推销personal sources 个人的信息来源personnel development 人力资源开发persuasive 说服性的pharmaceuticals industry 医药行业physical (product) positioning 物理（产品）定位physical descriptors 物理变量physical distribution 实物分销Pillsbury 皮尔斯博瑞pioneers 先入者Pizza Hut 必胜客place utility 地点效用planning and control system area audit 计划与控制系统领域的审计point of sale information 销售点信息point-of-purhcase (POP) promotion 采购点促销point-of-sales (POS) data 销售点数据pontificator 保守派popularity 通用性population trends 人口趋势portfolio models for resource allocation 资源配置的资产组合模式position intensity 地位集中程度positioning 定位possession utility 拥有效用post-purchase dissonance 购买后的不协调post-purchase evaluation 购买后评估post-purchase/after-sale service 售后服务potential advantages 潜在优势potential customer 潜在顾客potential market 潜在市场potential target market 潜在目标市场power in distribution 分销权力power of buyers 购买者能力power of suppliers 供应商能力predatory pricing 掠夺性定价法pre-empting scarce resources 先占稀缺资源preferential treatment 特惠待遇premiums 额外奖励present competitors 现有的竞争者presenting sales message 提供销售信息pre-test market research 测试前市场研究price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求的价格弹性price fixing 价格设定price leaders 价格领导者price lining 价格排列定价法price promotion 价格促销price quotation 报价price sensitivity 价格敏感度price structure 价格结构price 价格price/earnings ration 价格/收益比price-off promotions 降价促销price-setting process 定价过程pricing adjustments 定价调整pricing policies 价格策略pricing 定价primary demand 基本需求primary sources 第一类/主要数据print media 印刷媒体private/for-profit organization 私营/盈利性组织PRIZM (Potential Rating Index for Zip Markets) 按邮政区划为基础的潜力等级指数proactive new-product development strategy 进取型新产品开发战略probability sampling 概率抽样problem formulation 界定问题problem identificatioin 确定问题process management 过程管理Procter & Gamble (P&G) 宝洁公司product line 产品线product availability 产品的可获得性product category 产品类别product class 产品类别product decisions 产品决策product design 产品设计product development 产品开发product dimension or attributes 产品维度/属性product evolution 产品演变product features 产品特征product intent share 产品倾向份额product leadership 产品领导能力product life cycle (PLC) 产品生命周期product life cycle curve 产品生命周期曲线product line 产品线product manager audit 产品经理审计product offering 供应品product organizaiton of salesforce 按产品组织销售队伍product policies 产品策略product positioning 产品定位product quality 产品质量product scope 产品范围product space 产品位置product specifications 产品规格product systems 产品体系product type 产品类型product usage 产品用途product 产品product(ion)-oriented organization 产品/生产导向型组织production 生产product-line pricing adjustments 产品线定价调整product-management organizational structure 产品管理组织结构product-market entry control 产品－市场进入控制product-related behavioral descriptors 与产品相关的行为变量product's market characteristics 产品的市场特征product-use testing 产品使用测试pro-environment 环保profit impact of market strategy (PIMS) 市场战略的利润影响profitability analysis 盈利性分析profitability 盈利性/盈利能力profitable survivor strategy 有利可图的生存者战略project-company resource compatibility 项目与公司资源的协调性projected profit-and-loss statement 预计损益表projective tests 投影测试promotion decisions 促销决策promotion mix 促销组合promotion policies 促销策略promotion 促销promotional allowance 促销折让promotional effort 促销努力promotional pricing 促销定价promptness 及时性propector strategy 探索型战略prospecting for customers 寻找顾客psychographics 心理统计特征psychological cost 心理成本psychological pricing 心理定价法public organization 公共组织public relations 公共关系public utilities 公共设施publicity 公共宣传pull strategy for control of distribution channels 分销渠道控制的拉式战略pupil dilation 瞳孔扩张purchase predisposition 购买倾向purchasing agent 采购代理purchasing contract 采购合同purchasing manager/agent 采购经理／代理purchasing power perity (PPP) 购买力平价指数push money/spiffs 佣金push stragtegy for control of distribution channels 分销渠道控制的推式战略Qqualifying prospects 审查潜在顾客资格quality dimensions 质量维度quality 质量quantity discount 数量折扣question marks 问题类questioning 询问法quotas 定额RR & D expenditure 研究开发战略race and ethnic origin 种族和民族rack jobbers 供应超级市场的批发商radio 无线电广播rank ordering 排序rate of adoption 采购率rate-of-return/target return pricing 回报率/目标回报定价法rational appeals 理性诉求rationale 基本原理raw materials 原材料reactive and proactive responses 反应及前摄策略reactive new-product development strategyreactor strategy 反应型战略real estate 房地产rebates 回扣recall tests 记忆测试receiver 接收者reciprocity 利益互惠recognition of problem/need 发现问题/需求recognition tests 认知测试recreation 娱乐业recruitment and selection 招聘与选拔recycling of packaging 包装回收（利用）Reebok 锐步reference group 参照群体referent power 参照权refocus 巩固refunds 退款refusal to deal 拒绝经营regression analysis 回归分析法regulation 管制related/concentric diversification 相关/同心多元化relational VMSs 相关式垂直营销系统relative attractiveness of declining markets 衰退市场的相对吸引力relative market potential 相对市场潜力relative market share 相对市场份额reliability 可靠性repeat purchase behavior 重复购买行为repetition 重复repositionings 重新定位产品requirements planning 需求计划reseller 中间商resident buyers 常驻采购员resource allocation/deployment 资源配置response strategies 反应策略response to communication 传播响应responsive strategy 反应型新产品开发战略responsiveness 响应性retail coverage strategy 零售范围战略Retail Index 零售指数retail outlets 零售店retail sales 零售额retailer co-operatives 零售商合作社retailer 零售商retailing trends 零售趋势Return on Equity (ROE) 权益回报率Return on Investment (ROI) 投资回报率Return on Net Assets (RONA) 净资产回报率reverse engineering 反向工程reward systems 奖励系统rivalry determinants 竞争决定因素rivalry 竞争对手Robert Miles 罗伯特·迈尔斯Rockwell 洛克威尔Rolex 劳力士Rolls-Royce 劳斯莱斯roster 名册Rover 罗佛公司Ssalary 薪金sales agents 销售代理商sales analysis by customer 顾客销售分析sales analysis by order size 订货规模的销售分析sales analysis by product 产品销售分析sales analysis by territory 区域销售分析sales analysis 销售分析sales forcasting 销售预测sales force estimates 销售人员估计sales force size 销售队伍规模sales force 销售队伍sales forecasting 销售预测sales management 销售管理sales organization 销售组织sales performance 销售表现/业绩sales personnel incentives 销售人员激励sales personnel 销售人员sales planning 销售计划sales potential 销售潜力sales promotion 销售促进/促销sales territory 销售地区sales trends 销售趋势sales 销售额sales/price reduction 销售/价格下降sample design 样本设计sample size 样本大小sampling 抽样sampling 提供样品scale efficiency 规模效率scaled measures 比例测度scoring models 评判模型screening of ideas 创意筛选sealed bidding 招标Sears 西尔斯secondary sources 第二类/次要数据second-but-better new-product development strategy 后者居上型新产品开发战略security 证券业segmentation and targeting 细分与目标选择segmentation criteria 细分标准segmentation descriptors 市场细分变量segmentation 市场细分Seiko 日本精工株式会社（全球著名的打印机生产商）selective demand 选择性需求selective distribution 选择分销selective exposure 选择性接触selective perception 选择性感知/理解selective retention 选择性保留self-employed person 独立经营的个人self-managing teams 自我管理团队self-oriented 自我导向型selling groups 销售团队selling proposition 销售计划/提议selling 推销/销售service guarantees 服务保证service industry 服务产业service organization 服务组织service quality 服务质量service 服务serviceability 服务能力serviceability 适用性services channels 服务渠道servicing products 服务产品servicing the account 客户服务setting quotas 确定定额shake-out stage 动荡阶段shared programs/facilities 分享计划/设备share-growth strategies for followers 追随者的市场份额增长战略shareholder value 股东价值share-maintenance 份额保持Sherman Act, USA 美国谢尔曼法案shopping goods 消费品short-term memory 短期记忆signal vehicle/carrier 信号载体simulated test marketing 模拟市场测试single-factor index 单因素指数法single-line mass-merchandiser stores 单一类型产品专营连锁店SKF 瑞典轴承公司skimming and early withdrawal 撇脂与尽早撤离战略skimming pricing 撇脂定价法sleepwalker/contented underachievers 梦游者/很容易满足的人slotting allowance 安置津贴social acceptability 社会可接受性social class 社会阶层social objectives 社会目标sociocultural environment 社会文化环境soft goods 非耐用品soft technology 软技术sole ownership entry strategy 独享所有权的进入战略Sony 索尼source credibility 信息来源的可信度source 广告信息来源sources of data 数据来源sources of new-product ideas 新产品创意来源speciality goods 特殊品speciality retailers 专营零售商speciality stores 专营商店specialization 专门化spokesperson 代言人Sprint 斯普林特Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) 标准工业分类代码standardization strategy 标准化战略standby positioning 备用定位staple goods 日常用品Starbucks 星巴克stars 明星类statement of job qualifications 工作要求说明stock levels 库存水平stockless purchase arrangement 无存货采购计划store brands 零售商品牌straight commission compensation plan 纯佣金制薪酬方案straight rebuy 直接再购straight salary compensation plan 纯薪金制薪酬方案strategic alliances 战略联盟strategic business unit (SBU) 战略经营/业务单位strategic control 战略控制strategic fit 战略协调性strategic group 战略组strategic inertia 战略惯性strategic intent/objective 战略目标strategic marketing program 战略营销计划strategic pricing objectives 战略定价目标strategic withdrawal 战略撤退strategy constraints 战略影响因素strategy formulation and implementation 战略制定和实施strategy implementation 战略实施strategy reassessment 战略重估subculture 亚文化subfactor 次级因素substitute goods 替代品substitution threat 替代产品的威胁success rates 成功率Sumitomo住友商事Sun Microsystems 太阳微系统supermarkets 超级市场supplementary media 辅助性广告媒体suppliers' bargaining power 供应商的讨价还价能力surrogate products 替代产品survey 调查survival pricing 生存定价法sustainable competitive advantage 可持续的竞争优势sweepstakes 彩票抽奖switching cost 转换成本symbols 符号synergy 协同作用Ttabulation 制表Taco Bell 塔可钟tangibility 有形性Tantem Computerstarget audience 目标受众target level of product quality 产品质量标准target or hurdle level 目标或难度水平target return price 目标回报价格targeting strategy 目标市场选择战略targeting 目标市场选择taste 口味/喜好team selling 团队销售technical selling 技术销售telecommunications industry 电讯产业telemarketing 电话销售television audience measurement 电视观众测量television home shopping 电视家庭购物territorial restrictions 地区限制territories 区域territory design and deployment 区域设计及部署territory inventory 地区存货test marketing 市场测试testing new product 测试新产品the American Association for Public Opinion Research 美国公共意见研究协会the Council of American Survey Research Organization 美国调查研究组织委员会the Fishbein Model 菲什宾模型the Marketing Research Association 营销研究协会theatre tests 现场测试threat of new entrants 新进入者的威胁three order-hierarchy models 三阶段层级结构模型Tide 汰渍Tiffany 达芙妮Time 《时代周刊》time frame 时间框架/要求time pricing 时间定价time utility 时间效用Timex 天美时title 所有权Toshiba 东芝total cost 总成本total quality managemnt (TQM) 全面质量管理tough customer 苛刻的顾客Toyota Motor Corporation 丰田Toys 'R' Us 美国著名玩具零售商tracking and monitoring 跟踪与监控trade mark 商标trade promotion 贸易促销trade selling 贸易销售trade/functional discounts 贸易/职能折扣trade-in allowance 以旧换新折让trading companies 贸易公司traditional stores 传统商店training 培训transactiional efficiency 交易效率transaction cost analysis (TCA) 交易成本分析transportation 运输trends 趋势turnkey construction contract 监督建筑契约turnover 人员流动two-sided presentations 双向信息陈述tying contracts 附带条件的合同Tylenol 泰诺types of adverstising 广告种类types of brand 品牌种类types of costs 成本种类Uultimate customers/end users 最终顾客/用户underlying dimension 基本组成要素uniform delivered pricing 统一运费定价法Unilever 联合利华Union Pacific Railroad 联合太平洋铁路unit cost 单位成本unit sales 单位产品销售额unitary price elasticity 单位需求价格弹性Universal Product Code (UPC) 统一商品编码universe （样本）总体unrelated/conglomerate diversification 复合多元化unsought goods 非渴求产品UPS 联合包裹服务US Patent Office of the Department of Commerce 美国商务部专利局USA Today 《今日美国》usage 用途use tests 使用测试users 使用者utility/price relationship 效用/价格关系VVALS2 价值与生活方式体系2value 价值value-based planning 价值基础计划variability 变化性variable costs 可变成本variable incentive 可变激励措施variance decomposition analysis 偏差分解分析VCR (video cassette recorder) 录像机vending sales 自动售货业vending-machine operators 自动售货机经营商vendor analysis 供应商分析vertical integration 垂直/纵向一体化vertical marketing systems (VMS) 垂直营销系统vision 愿景Volvo 沃尔沃WWall Street Journal 《华尔街日报》Wal-Mart 沃尔玛Walt Disney 迪斯尼want 欲求warranty 质量保证weight 加权Wella 维拉Wendy's 温迪Whirlpool 惠而浦wholesale clubs 批发俱乐部wholesaler-sponsored voluntary chains 批发商发起的自愿连锁wholesaling trends 批发趋势win-back program 赢回（顾客）方案working capital investment 周转资金投入workload approach 计算工作量方法World Wide Web (WWW) 万维网XXerox 施乐YYamaha 雅马哈young urban trend setters 年轻的城市潮流领导者Zzero defect 零缺陷zone pricing 分区定价法。
销售合同专用术语常用的英文称呼
销售合同专用术语常用的英文称呼Common Terminologies Used in Sales Contracts.Sales contracts are legal agreements that govern the exchange of goods or services between two or more parties. They outline the terms and conditions of the transaction, ensuring clarity and mutual understanding between the involved parties. In sales contracts, a wide range of terminologies is used to describe the various aspects of the agreement. Here are some commonly used terminologies in sales contracts:1. Offer: This refers to a proposal made by one party (the seller) to another party (the buyer) to enter into a contract. The offer must be definite and clear, specifying the terms and conditions of the proposed transaction.2. Acceptance: This occurs when the buyer agrees to the terms and conditions of the offer, effectively forming a binding contract between the seller and the buyer.Acceptance must be unconditional and communicated to the seller.3. Consideration: This refers to the value exchanged ina contract. In a sales contract, it typically refers to the payment made by the buyer to the seller for the goods or services.4. Goods: This refers to the items or products that are being sold under the contract. The description of the goods should be specific and detailed, including any relevant specifications, quality standards, or warranties.5. Price: This is the amount paid by the buyer to the seller for the goods or services. The price should be clearly stated in the contract, along with any applicable discounts, taxes, or other fees.6. Terms of Payment: These refer to the specific conditions and methods of payment agreed upon by the parties. This may include payment upon delivery, advance payment, or payment through a third-party escrow service.7. Delivery: This refers to the transfer of goods from the seller to the buyer. Delivery terms should specify the mode of transport, delivery location, and any relevant deadlines or penalties for delayed delivery.8. Risk of Loss: This refers to the responsibility for any damage or loss of the goods during transit. The contract should specify who bears the risk of loss, typically either the seller or the buyer.9. Warranty: This is a promise by the seller to the buyer that the goods sold are free from defects and meet the agreed-upon specifications. The contract should specify the type of warranty provided, such as a limited warranty or a full warranty.10. Breach of Contract: This occurs when a party fails to fulfill its obligations under the contract. Breaches of contract may lead to legal action, including claims for damages or termination of the contract.In addition to these common terminologies, sales contracts may also include provisions for disputes resolution, force majeure clauses (addressing unexpected events that prevent contract fulfillment), and other specific terms and conditions unique to the transaction. It's essential for both parties to understand and agree on these terminologies to ensure a smooth and successful transaction.It's worth noting that sales contracts can vary significantly depending on the industry, region, and the specific requirements of the parties involved. Therefore, it's always advisable to consult with legal experts when drafting or reviewing sales contracts to ensure compliance with local laws and best practices.。
marketing用语
marketing用语以下是一些常见的 Marketing 用语：1. Marketing strategy：营销策略2. Marketing plan：营销计划3. Branding：品牌推广4. Product placement：产品放置5. Sales promotion：促销活动6. Advertising：广告7. Direct marketing：直接营销8. Digital marketing：数字营销9. Social media marketing：社交媒体营销10. Search engine optimization (SEO)：搜索引擎优化11. Pay-per-click (PPC) advertising：点击付费广告12. Email marketing：电子邮件营销13. Online marketing：在线营销14. Mobile marketing：移动营销15. Content marketing：内容营销16. Inbound marketing：集客营销17. Outbound marketing：外延式营销18. Cold calling：冷电话推销19. Lead generation：潜在客户生成20. Sales funnel：销售漏斗21. Conversion rate optimization (CRO)：转化率优化22. Landing page optimization：着陆页优化23. Key performance indicators (KPIs)：关键绩效指标24. Customer relationship management (CRM)：客户关系管理25. Market research：市场研究26. Segmentation：市场细分27. Target audience：目标受众28. Positioning statement：定位声明29. Pricing strategy：定价策略30. Distribution channels：分销渠道31. Point of sale (POS)：销售点32. Call to action (CTA)：行动呼吁33. Lead magnets：吸引潜在客户的诱饵34. Email newsletters：电子邮件通讯35. White papers：白皮书好的，以下是更多的 Marketing 用语：36. Case studies：案例研究37. Blogs：博客38. Podcasts：播客39. Webinars：网络研讨会40. Infographics：信息图表41. E-books：电子书42. Whitepapers：白皮书43. Data sheets：数据表44. Product demos：产品演示45. Free trials：免费试用46. Customer testimonials：客户推荐信47. Press releases：新闻稿48. Banner ads：横幅广告49. Radio ads：广播广告50. TV ads：电视广告51. Print ads：平面广告52. Outdoor ads：户外广告53. Point-of-purchase (POP) displays：购买点展示54. Product packaging：产品包装55. Branding collateral：品牌推广资料56. Sales collateral：销售推广资料57. Marketing collateral：营销推广资料58. Event marketing：活动营销59. Conferences：会议60. Fairs and exhibitions：展览会和博览会61. Roadshows：路演62. Webcasts：网络直播63. Corporate events：企业活动64. Product launches：产品发布会65. Reputation management：声誉管理66. Customer relations management (CRM)：客户关系管理67. Brand loyalty：品牌忠诚度68. Market share：市场份额69. Pricing strategies：定价策略70. Sales objectives：销售目标以上是一些常见的 Marketing 用语。
快消品术语--中英文
这个太实用了！【快消品从业人员必懂的英文销售术语】KA、TG、MT 、CR-TT、OTCR、SKU、DC、DSD、OEM、POP 、4P、4C 、SWOT 、FA、USP……究竟是什么意思？BDA（Distribution & Assortment ）分销Location ：位置Display ：陈列Pricing ：价格Inventory：库存Merchandising ：助销Promotion ：促销KA（Key Account）：重点客户GKA（Global Key Account）：全球性重点客户NKA（National Key Account）：全国性重点客户LKA（Local Key Account）：地方性重点客户RKA（Retail Key Account）：零售重点客户 SM （ShoppingMall）：大型购物消费中心简称销品茂HYM（Hypermarket ）：巨型超级市场，简称大卖场SPM（Sup e rm arke t）：超级市场，简称超市S-SPM（Small-Supermarket）：小型超市M-SPM（Middle-Supermarket）：中型超市L-SPM（Large-Supermarket）：大型超市C&C（Cash&Carry）：仓储式会员店 CVS（Co nven ie nce Store）：便利店 GS（Ga s Statio n）：加油站便利店 DS（Disco unt Sto re）：折扣店 MT（Mo d e rn Trad e）：现代渠道 TT（Trad id itio n al Trad e）：传统渠道O T（Org an izedT r ad e）：现代特殊渠道OP（On Premise）：餐饮渠道HBR（Ho te l,Bar,Re stau ra nt）：旅馆、酒吧、餐馆等封闭性通路WHS（Wholesaler）：批发商2nd tier Ws ：二级批发商DT（Distributor）：经销商，分销商2ndDT ：二级分销商DIST（Distributor System）：专营分销商MW（Managed Wholesalers）：管制批发商PW（Passive Wholesalers）：传统批发商DSD（Direct Store Delivery）：店铺直接配送CSTD（Company Sells Third Party Delivers）：我销他送DC（Distribution Center）：配送中心TPL（Third Party Logistics）：第三方物流 CRP （Contiuous Replenishment）：持续补货 CAO （Computer Assisted Ordering）：计算机辅助订货PUR（Purchase）：进货OOS（Ou t o f Sto ck）：缺货Inventory day：库存天数SKU（Sto ck Ke e ping Uint）：最小库存计量单位UPC：通用产品编码Bar Code ：条形码Slim（Slim）：纤细,苗条(包装)TC：铁罐包装AC：铝罐包装TP（TETRA PAK）：利乐无菌包装(俗称纸包装)PET：宝特瓶(俗称胶瓶)POSM（Po int of Sale Ma te rials）：陈列品GE（Gondola End）：端架MIT（Marke tingInp act Te am）：卖场整合性陈列；堆箱TG（Typ e Ge nus）：堆头Island Display ：堆头式陈列Floor Display ：落地割箱陈列Pallet Display ：卡板陈列Strip Display ：挂条陈列Sidekick Display ：侧挂陈列Checkout Display ：收银台陈列Cooler Display ：冰柜陈列Secondary Displa：y二次陈列Cross Display ：交叉陈列PG（Promotion Girl）：促销员P-T（Part-tim e r）：临时工，特指临促POP（Po int Of Purchase）：门店广告Price discount ：特价On-Pack ：绑赠Sampling ：试吃Road S how ：路演，大型户外促销活动DM（Direct Mail）：商场快讯商品广告；邮报PR（Public Relation ）：公共关系NP（Ne ws Pap e r）：报纸杂志AD（Advertisement）：广告GRP（Gro ss Rat ing Po int）：毛评点;总收视点（媒介用语）Loyalty ：忠诚度Penetration ：渗透率Value S hare ：市场份额AVE（Ave rag e）：平均数WTD（We ig hte d）：加权NUM（Numeric）：数值PP（Pre vio us Pe rio d）：上期YA（Y e ar Ag o）：去年同期VOL（Vo lu m e）：销售量 VAL（Va lu e）：销售额VAL-PP（Value PP）：上期销售额（Va lu eY A）：去年同期销售额VAL-YAYTD（Y e a r ToDate）：截至当期的本年累计MTD（Means Month to Date）：本月到今天为止SPPD（Sale s Per Po int of Distrib utio n）：每点销售额BTL（Below The Line）：线下费用AT（Above The Line）：线上费用LABC（Activity based costing）：成本动因核算法（又称：巴雷托分析法）U&A（Usage and Attitude）：消费态度和行为(市场调查) FGD （Focus Group Discuss ）：座谈会(市调一种)StoreCheck ：终端调查，铺市率调查CR：销售代表CR-OP：销售代表 -餐饮渠道CR-OT ：销售代表 -现代特殊渠道CR-MT ：销售代表 -现代渠道CR-TT：销售代表 -传统渠道OTCR：现代渠道销售代表WDR：批发拓展代表ADR ：客户拓展代表DCR ：分销商合约代表DSR：分销商销售代表KSR：大客户销售主任KAM：重点客户经理CDM：渠道拓展经理MDR：市场拓展代表MDE：市场拓展主任MDM：市场拓展经理TMM：通路行销市场经理TDS：区域拓展主任TDM：区域拓展经理 LTDM：高级区域拓展经理 UM：业务单位经理（大区经理）GM（GeneralManager）：总经理GMDR（General Manager Direct Reports）：总经理直接下属VP（Vice President ）：副总裁FVP（First Vice President）：第一副总裁 AVP（Assistant Vice President）：副总裁助理CEO（Chief Executive Officer）：首席执行官COO（Chief Operations Officer）：首席运营官CFO（Chief Financial Officer）：首席财务官CIO（Chief Information Officer）：首席信息官Director ：总监HRD（Hum an Re so urce Dire ctor）：人力资源总监OD（Operations Director）：运营总监 MD（Marketing Director）：市场总监 OM（Operations Manager）：运营经理PM（Product Manager）：产品经理BM（Brand Manager）：品牌经理4P（Pro d uct、Price、Place、Promotion）：4P营销理论(产品、价格、渠道、促销)4C（Customer、Cost、Convenience、Communication）：4C营销理论(顾客、成本、便利、沟通 )4V（Variat io n、Ve rsa tility、Va lu e、Vibration）：4V营销理论(差异化、功能化、附加价值、共鸣 )SWOT（Stre ng th s、Weaknesses、Opportunities、Threats）：SW OT分析法(优势、劣势、机遇、威胁 )FABE 证据)（Fe ature、Advantage、Benefit、Evidence）：FABE法则(特性、优点、利益、USP（Unique Selling Propostion）：独特销售主张3A（Avalib le、Ab le、Ad sire）：买得到、买得起、乐得买PDCA（Plan、Do、Check、Action）：PDCA循环管理(计划、执行、检查、行动) OEM（Original Equipment Manufacturer）：原始设备制造商,俗称“贴牌” ODM （Original Design Manufacturer）：原装设计制造商OBM（Own Brand Manufacturer）：自有品牌制造商IPO（Initial Public Offering）：首次公开募股L OGO：商标Slogan ：广告语FMCG（Fast Moving Consumer Goods）：快速消费品DCG（Durable Consumer Goods）：耐用消费品[微笑]首先将所有术语明示：费用：房租+装修待摊（按 12 个月待摊） +人员工资+办公物流费用 +水电、税务...毛利率：（实际销售金额—进货金额）÷实际销售金额例：吊牌价 200 元，实际销售金额 158 元，进货金额 90 元毛利率 = （158 元—90 元）÷ 158 元×100% = 43%平均折扣价：实际销售总金额÷销售总吊牌价动销比： 100 % —库存率。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
销售常用术语及释义1. 时间
4) 客户角度
∙case-fill rate 订单满足率∙Category Management 品类管理
∙Shopper traffic 客流量
∙Basket value 客单价
5) 品牌角度
∙Awareness 品牌认知度
∙Trail 尝试率
∙Repeat 重复购买率
∙Loyalty 忠诚度
∙SOV 线上广告份额
(在嘈杂的竞争品牌广告中, 我们的声音占了多少) * 从Awareness 一直到Loyalty, 是层层递进的
6) 比较基数
∙Benchmark 基准
∙Vs. target 和目标相比
∙Vs LY 和去年同期相比
∙Vs competitor 和竞品相比
Sell-in, Offtake, DTS
∙MER Merchandise executive representative 理货员
7. 合作部门
Franchise 品牌市场部 (品牌建设和开发, 更多是线上的投入, 以及新品开发) Consumer Insight 消费者洞察部(为市场部提供消费者研究结果以及尼尔森等外部数据源) Trade marketing 市场推广部 (设计线下推广策略) Channel marketing 渠道推广部 (负责具体到活动SOP以及与销售同事沟通)
Logistic 后勤 (物流)
Finance 财务
8. 价格表中的常见语
RSP (Retail selling price) 零售价如43g, 6.5元
Listing Price 供价如43g, 5.42元
Margin 利润如, 43g, 20%
公司MTP中期计划中的策略方向, 资源分配和结果追踪都围绕这四大战役, 我们销售也应该了解我们为何而战…
今年为四大战役, 缩写连起来是SIGN(标语)
MWB S (SNK) 士力架战役
MWB I (Impulse Channel) 冲动渠道战役
MWB G (Gifting) 礼盒战役
MWB N (New needs) 开发新需求(包括M&M’s以及新品)
12. 销售衡量指标 Sales
Metrics
Universe 存在店数
Coverage 覆盖店数
Distribution Points 分销点。