2016年怀化市初中学业水平考试样卷
2016年湖南省怀化市中考真题数学
2016年湖南省怀化市中考真题数学一、选择题：每小题4分，共40分1.(-2)2的平方根是( )A.2B.-2C.±2解析：∵(-2)2=4，∴4的平方根是：±2.答案：C.2.某校进行书法比赛，有39名同学参加预赛，只能有19名同学参加决赛，他们预赛的成绩各不相同，其中一名同学想知道自己能否进入决赛，不仅要了解自己的预赛成绩，还要了解这39名同学预赛成绩的( )A.平均数B.中位数C.方差D.众数解析：39个不同的成绩按从小到大排序后，中位数及中位数之后的共有19个数，故只要知道自己的成绩和中位数就可以知道是否获奖了.答案：B.3.下列计算正确的是( )A.(x+y)2=x2+y2B.(x-y)2=x2-2xy-y2C.(x+1)(x-1)=x2-1D.(x-1)2=x2-1解析：直接利用完全平方公式以及平方差公式分别计算得出答案.A、(x+y)2=x2+y2+2xy，故此选项错误；B、(x-y)2=x2-2xy+y2，故此选项错误；C、(x+1)(x-1)=x2-1，正确；D、(x-1)2=x2-2x+1，故此选项错误.答案：C.4.一元二次方程x2-x-1=0的根的情况为( )A.有两个不相等的实数根B.有两个相等的实数根C.只有一个实数根D.没有实数根解析：∵a=1，b=-1，c=-1，∴△=b 2-4ac=(-1)2-4×1×(-1)=5＞0，∴方程有两个不相等的实数根.答案：A.5.如图，OP 为∠AOB 的角平分线，PC ⊥OA ，PD ⊥OB ，垂足分别是C 、D ，则下列结论错误的是( )A.PC=PDB.∠CPD=∠DOPC.∠CPO=∠DPOD.OC=OD解析：∵OP 为∠AOB 的角平分线，PC ⊥OA ，PD ⊥OB ，垂足分别是C 、D ，∴PC=PD ，故A 正确；在Rt △OCP 与Rt △ODP 中，OP OP PC PD⎧⎨⎩＝＝， ∴△OCP ≌△ODP ，∴∠CPO=∠DPO ，OC=OD ，故C 、D 正确.不能得出∠CPD=∠DOP ，故B 错误.答案：B.6.不等式3(x-1)≤5-x 的非负整数解有( )A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个解析：去括号，得：3x-3≤5-x ，移项、合并，得：4x ≤8，系数化为1，得：x ≤2，∴不等式的非负整数解有0、1、2这3个.答案：C.7.二次函数y=x 2+2x-3的开口方向、顶点坐标分别是( )A.开口向上，顶点坐标为(-1，-4)B.开口向下，顶点坐标为(1，4)C.开口向上，顶点坐标为(1，4)D.开口向下，顶点坐标为(-1，-4)解析：∵二次函数y=x 2+2x-3的二次项系数为a=1＞0，∴函数图象开口向上，∵y=x 2+2x-3=(x+1)2-4，∴顶点坐标为(-1，-4).答案：A.8.等腰三角形的两边长分别为4cm 和8cm ，则它的周长为( )A.16cmB.17cmC.20cmD.16cm 或20cm解析：等腰三角形的两边长分别为4cm 和8cm ，当腰长是4cm 时，则三角形的三边是4cm ，4cm ，8cm ，4cm+4cm=8cm 不满足三角形的三边关系；当腰长是8cm 时，三角形的三边是8cm ，8cm ，4cm ，三角形的周长是20cm.∴则它的周长为20cm.答案：C.9.函数2y x =-中，自变量x 的取值范围是( ) A.x ≥1B.x ＞1C.x ≥1且x ≠2D.x ≠2解析：依题意得：x-1≥0且x-2≠0，解得x ≥1且x ≠2.答案：C.10.在Rt △ABC 中，∠C=90°，sinA=45，AC=6cm ，则BC 的长度为( ) A.6cmB.7cmC.8cmD.9cm 解析：∵45BC sinA AB ==， ∴设BC=4x ，AB=5x ，又∵AC 2+BC 2=AB 2，∴62+(4x)2=(5x)2，解得：x=2或x=-2(舍)，则BC=4x=8cm.答案：C.二、填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分11.已知扇形的半径为6cm，面积为10πcm2，则该扇形的弧长等于 . 解析：设扇形的弧长为lcm，∵扇形的半径为6cm，面积为10πcm2，∴62101lπ⨯=，解得103lπ=cm.答案：103πcm.12.旋转不改变图形的和 .解析：考察旋转的性质.旋转不改变图形的形状和大小，只改变图形的位置. 答案：形状，大小.13.已知点P(3，-2)在反比例函数kyx=(k≠0)的图象上，则k= ；在第四象限，函数值y随x的增大而 .解析：∵点P(3，-2)在反比例函数kyx=(k≠0)的图象上，∴k=3×(-2)=-6. ∵k=-6＜0，∴反比例函数6yx=-的图象在第二、四象限，且在每个象限内均单增，∴在第四象限，函数值y随x的增大而增大.答案：-6；增大.14.一个不透明的袋子，装了除颜色不同，其他没有任何区别的红色球3个，绿色球4个，黑色球7个，黄色球2个，从袋子中随机摸出一个球，摸到黑色球的概率是 .解析：∵红色球3个，绿色球4个，黑色球7个，黄色球2个，∴球的总数=3+4+7+2=16，∴摸到黑色球的概率=7 16.答案：7 16.三、解答题：本大题共8小题，每小题8分，共64分15.计算：102016211|330|sin -+-︒⎫ ⎪⎝⎭⎛-. 解析：根据实数的运算顺序，首先计算乘方、开方，然后计算乘法，最后从左向右依次计算，求出算式102016211|330|sin -+-︒⎫ ⎪⎝⎭⎛-的值是多少即可.答案：102016211|330|sin -+-︒⎫ ⎪⎝⎭+⎛- 1212341=+⨯--+ 11221=+⨯+ =1+1+1=3.16.有若干只鸡和兔关在一个笼子里，从上面数，有30个头；从下面数，有84条腿，问笼中各有几只鸡和兔？解析：设这个笼中的鸡有x 只，兔有y 只，根据“从上面数，有30个头；从下面数，有84条腿”列出方程组，解方程组即可.答案：设这个笼中的鸡有x 只，兔有y 只，根据题意得：302484x y x y +⎧⎨+⎩＝＝， 解得1812x y ⎧⎨⎩＝＝. 答：笼子里鸡有18只，兔有12只.17.如图，已知AD=BC ，AC=BD.(1)求证：△ADB ≌△BCA.解析：(1)根据SSS 定理推出全等即可.答案：(1)∵在△ADB 和△BCA 中，AD BC AB BA BD AC ⎧⎪⎨⎪⎩＝＝＝，∴△ADB ≌△BCA(SSS).(2)OA 与OB 相等吗？若相等，请说明理由.解析：(2)根据全等得出∠OAB=∠OBA ，根据等角对等边得出即可.答案：(2)OA=OB ，理由是：∵△ADB ≌△BCA ，∴∠ABD=∠BAC ，∴OA=OB.18.已知一次函数y=2x+4(1)在如图所示的平面直角坐标系中，画出函数的图象.解析：(1)利用两点法就可以画出函数图象.答案：(1)当x=0时y=4，当y=0时，x=-2，则图象如图所示(2)求图象与x 轴的交点A 的坐标，与y 轴交点B 的坐标.解析：(2)利用函数解析式分别代入x=0与y=0的情况就可以求出交点坐标.答案：(2)由上题可知A(-2，0)B(0，4).(3)在(2)的条件下，求出△AOB的面积. 解析：(3)通过交点坐标就能求出面积.答案：(3)12244 AOBS=⨯⨯=.(4)利用图象直接写出：当y＜0时，x的取值范围.解析：(4)观察函数图象与x轴的交点就可以得出结论.答案：(4)x＜-2.19.如图，在Rt△ABC中，∠BAC=90°.(1)先作∠ACB的平分线交AB边于点P，再以点P为圆心，PA长为半径作⊙P；(要求：尺规作图，保留作图痕迹，不写作法)解析：(1)根据题意作出图形，如图所示.答案：(1)如图所示，⊙P为所求的圆.(2)请你判断(1)中BC与⊙P的位置关系，并证明你的结论.解析：(2)BC与⊙P相切，理由为：过P作PD⊥BC，交BC于点P，利用角平分线定理得到PD=PA，而PA为圆P的半径，即可得证.答案：(2)BC与⊙P相切，理由为：过P作PD⊥BC，交BC于点D，∵CP为∠ACB的平分线，且PA⊥AC，PD⊥CB，∴PD=PA，∵PA为⊙P的半径.∴BC与⊙P相切.20.甲、乙两人都握有分别标记为A、B、C的三张牌，两人做游戏，游戏规则是：若两人出的牌不同，则A胜B，B胜C，C胜A；若两人出的牌相同，则为平局.(1)用树状图或列表等方法，列出甲、乙两人一次游戏的所有可能的结果.解析：(1)首先根据题意画出树状图，然后由树状图求得所有等可能的结果.答案：(1)画树状图得：则共有9种等可能的结果.(2)求出现平局的概率.解析：(2)由(1)可求得出现平局的情况，再利用概率公式求解即可求得答案.答案：(2)∵出现平局的有3种情况，∴出现平局的概率为：3913 .21.如图，△ABC为锐角三角形，AD是BC边上的高，正方形EFGH的一边FG在BC上，顶点E、H分别在AB、AC上，已知BC=40cm，AD=30cm.(1)求证：△AEH∽△ABC.解析：(1)根据EH∥BC即可证明.答案：(1)∵四边形EFGH是正方形，∴EH∥BC，∴∠AEH=∠B，∠AHE=∠C，∴△AEH∽△ABC.(2)求这个正方形的边长与面积.解析：(2)如图设AD与EH交于点M，首先证明四边形EFDM是矩形，设正方形边长为x，再利用△AEH ∽△ABC ，得EH AM BC AD=，列出方程即可解决问题. 答案：(2)如图设AD 与EH 交于点M.∵∠EFD=∠FEM=∠FDM=90°，∴四边形EFDM 是矩形，∴EF=DM ，设正方形EFGH 的边长为x ，∵△AEH ∽△ABC ， ∴EH AM BC AD=， ∴304030x x -=， ∴1207x =. ∴正方形EFGH 的边长为1207cm ，面积为1440049cm 2.22.如图，已知抛物线y=ax 2+bx+c(a ≠0)经过A(-3，0)、B(5，0)、C(0，5)三点，O 为坐标原点.(1)求此抛物线的解析式.解析：(1)根据A 、B 、C 三点的坐标，利用待定系数法可求得抛物线的解析式.答案：(1)把A 、B 、C 三点的坐标代入函数解析式可得93=0255=0=5a b c a b c c -+⎧⎪++⎨⎪⎩，解得===51323a b c ⎧-⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎩， ∴抛物线解析式为251233y x x =-++.(2)若把抛物线y=ax 2+bx+c(a ≠0)向下平移133个单位长度，再向右平移n(n ＞0)个单位长度得到新抛物线，若新抛物线的顶点M 在△ABC 内，求n 的取值范围.解析：(2)可先求得抛物线的顶点坐标，再利用坐标平移，可得平移后的坐标为(1+n ，1)，再由B 、C 两点的坐标可求得直线BC 的解析式，可求得y=1时，对应的x 的值，从而可求得n 的取值范围.答案：(2)∵251233y x x =-++， ∴抛物线顶点坐标为(1，163)， ∴当抛物线y=ax 2+bx+c(a ≠0)向下平移133个单位长度，再向右平移n(n ＞0)个单位长度后，得到的新抛物线的顶点M 坐标为(1+n ，1)，设直线BC 解析式为y=kx+m ，把B 、C 两点坐标代入可得505k m m +⎧⎨⎩＝＝， 解得15k m ⎩-⎧⎨＝＝， ∴直线BC 的解析式为y=-x+5，令y=1，代入可得1=-x+5，解得x=4，∵新抛物线的顶点M 在△ABC 内，∴1+n ＜4，且n ＞0，解得0＜n ＜3，即n 的取值范围为0＜n ＜3.(3)设点P 在y 轴上，且满足∠OPA+∠OCA=∠CBA ，求CP 的长.解析：(3)当点P 在y 轴负半轴上时，过P 作PD ⊥AC ，交AC 的延长线于点D ，根据条件可知∠PAD=45°，设PD=DA=m ，由△COA ∽△CDP ，可求出m 和PC 的长，此时可求得PO=12，利用等腰三角形的性质，可知当P 点在y 轴正半轴上时，则有OP=12，从而可求得PC=5. 答案：(3)当点P 在y 轴负半轴上时，如图1，过P 作PD ⊥AC ，交AC 的延长线于点D ，由题意可知OB=OC=5，∴∠CBA=45°，∴∠PAD=∠OPA+∠OCA=∠CBA=45°，∴AD=PD ，在Rt △OAC 中，OA=3，OC=5，可求得设PD=AD=m ，则，∵∠ACO=∠PCD ，∠COA=∠PDC ，∴△COA ∽△CDP ，∴COCD=AOPD=ACPC 3m ==3m =可求得2m =，PC =，解得PC=17； 可求得PO=PC-OC=17-5=12，如图2，在y 轴正半轴上截取OP ′=OP=12，连接AP ′，则∠OP′A=∠OPA，∴∠OP′A+∠OCA=∠OPA+∠OCA=∠CBA，∴P′也满足题目条件，此时P′C=OP′-OC=12-5=7，综上可知PC的长为7或17.。
2016年怀化市初中毕业学业考试英语试卷(Word版)
2016年怀化市初中毕业学业考试试卷（Word，文本版）第一部分听力技能第一节1.What does Betty’s sister look like?2.What time does Tome usually get up?3.How often does Peter use the Internet?A. Once a week.B. Twice a month.C. Twice a week.4.Whose pencil is this?A. It’s Lucy’s.B. It’s Mary’s.C. It’s Tony’s.5. When was the computer invented?A. In 1961.B. In 1970.C. In 1971.第二节听第6段材料，回答第6至7题6.What’s Anna’s favorite subject?A. P.E..B. Art.C. Music.7. Why does Sam like P.E.?A. Because it’s relaxing.B. Because it’s fun.C. Because it’s exciting.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题8. What was Dave’s father doing when the rainstorm came?A. Reading.B. Eating.C. Watching TV.9. Who was playing games?A. Dave’s father.B. Dave’s sister.C. Dave.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题10. What day is it today?A. Friday.B. Saturday.C. Sunday.11. Why does Jack like Saturday?A. Because he was no homework.B. Because he can go to the park.C. Because he can watch sports on TV.12. What does Jack’s mother ask him to do first?A. Watch the match.B. Do his homework.C. Clean the room.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题13.Where does this dialogue happen.A. On the phone.B. At the doctor’s.C. In the shop.14. What’s wrong with the young man?A. He has sore eyes.B. He has a sore back.C. He has a headache.15. How long has the young man been like this?A. For two days.B. Since last night.C. Since last week.16. What should the young man do?A. He can still watch the phones too often.B. He should read less.C. He should do more eye exercises.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题17. Bill’s sister is ____.A. a teacher.B. a nurse.C. a student.18. Why can’t Sally go with her family?A. She wants to stay at home.B. She wants to see her friends.C. She is busy.19. Where will his mother go ?A. France.B. India.C. England.20. How long will .Bill and his father stay in Beijing?A. Seven days.B. Six days.C. Five days.第二部分知识技能第一节单项选择21. –Does your mother go to work by bike every day?--No. She sometimes takes ___ bus.A. aB. anC. /22. –Tina., is this your dictionary?--No, ____ is at home.A. MyB. MineC. Yours23. My brother joined the school basketball team _______ August 1st last year.A. inB. onC. at24.-- Mum, I’m hungry. May I have some ____?--Sure. But don’t eat too much.A. hamburgers.B. milks.C. cake.25. –Which city is ___ beautiful, Hangzhou, Beijing or Shanghai?--Hangzhou, I think.A. the mostB. the betterC. more26. During the May Day holiday, _____ visitors came to Zhijiang to visit the Memorial Hall of Flying Tigers.A. thousand ofB. thousandsC. thousands of27. –May I speak to Mr. Smith?--Sorry, he isn’t in. He ____ Changsha.A. have been goB. has gone toC. went to28. Sixteen-year-olds shoud not ______ to drive.A. allowingB. be allowedC. allow29. ______ nice weather today? Let’s go hiking.A. HowB. What aC. What30. –Excuse me, could you tell me ______?-- Go along the street. It’s on your right.A. Where the bank isB. Where is the bankC. where was the bank第二节完形填空Surprise plays an important role in our lives. Last term my classmates and I gave our teacher a big 31. ______.Our teacher had a bad 32. ______ and coughed a lot. She could hardly speak a sentence. Looked at her pale (苍白的) face, we 33. ______ the warmth she always gave us. So we decided to do 34. ______for her.Since Christmas was coming at that time, we planned a surprise for her. I made a postcard and wrote “I hope you get 35. ______ soon. ”During class break, there were some other things on her desk, like candies and cakes. They all came from my classmates. A note was also lying there saying, “Take care, our 36. ______ teacher.” My classmates and I hid where our teacher couldn’t 37. ______us, waiting for he r appearance (出现).Finally, our teacher came. Seeing the presents on her desk, she smiled. 38. ______ we were not right by her side, we could feel her happiness. Tears (眼泪) ran down her face. And when she looked up again, in front of 39. ______ were th ree shining faces smiling back at her. “Thank you!” She whispered (低声的说), holding our hands tightly (紧紧地).Everyone of us 40. ______ needs help. And to me, the best thing to do is surprise them and cheer them up.31. A. box B. cup C. surprise32. A. cold B. toothache C. stomachache33. A. looked forward to B. looked for C. thought about34. A. something B. anything C. nothing35. A. fatter B. worse C. better36. A. unfriendly B. lovely C. lazy37. A. see B. call C. ask38. A. And B. But C. Though39. A. her B. them C. him40. A. hardly B. sometimes C. never第三部分阅读技能第一节阅读选择AJourney to the WestAuthor(作者): Wu Cheng’en￥20（in bookstores）￥18（online）Journey to the West is one of the most famous novels in Chinesehistory. The monkey king is the main character. He can make 72changes. To fight bad people, he uses a magic stick.Peter PanAuthor(作者): J.M Barrie￥15（in bookstores）It is a children’s story full of adventures(冒险), which is aboutWendy, John, and Michael Darling’s adventures in Never-NeverLand with Peter Pan, the boy who would not grow up. Thechildren are happy and lovely.41. Who wrote the Peter Pan?A. J.M Barrie.B. Wu Cheng’en.C. Hodgson Burnett.42. We can know from the passage that ____.A. we can buy the Peter Pan on line.B. the Jour ney to the West is a children’s story full of adventuresC. the Journey to the West is ￥2 cheaper online than in bookstoresBOne day, my grandpa went fishing and let me come with him. He handed me the rod(鱼竿) and taught me how to throw my line into the water.The sun warmed us. We sat and talked. “I remember when I could sit here and watch the fish swimming in the water,” he said. “Sometimes, they’d jump out and land beside me. I didn’t even need a fishing rod then.“We have to be patient,” he continued. “The fish may come or they may not. It doesn’t matter. We’re out in the sun. It’s a beautiful day. If it rained, we couldn’t be here. We’re lucky to have the warmth of the sun.”He sat under a tree. “Yes, it’s a great day,” he said.I watched our bobbers（浮子）. No fish pulled them under the water that day. It didn’t matter. I was with Grandpa. I felt grown up. Just being with him was special.He was well liked by everyone. He had worked hard all his life for what little he had, but he could still find time to laugh. I wanted to be like him when I grew up.He was an amazing man. In the short time we had together, he taught me many things: how to fish, the value of a good laugh, the value of a good friend, respect for my elders and the importance of working hard and loving harder. The list is long.44. How was the weather on that day?A. Rainy.B. Cloudy.C. Sunny.45. After fishing with Grandpa, the writer ______.A. enjoyed the time with himB. didn’t want to fish with him againC. felt disappointed for not catching any fish46. From the story, we learn that Grandpa _______.A. was a cheerful personB. didn’t like to fish at allC. didn’t get on with others47. What does the story mainly tell us?A. Poor people often have a rich heart.B. We should keep a good heart and enjoy life.C. Fishing is good for people’s minds.CIn 1959, when Jean Harper was in the third grade, her teacher asked them to write a report on what they wanted to be when they grew up.Jean’s father was a crop duster(农作物喷粉作业) pilot on a farm, so Jean was very interested in planes and flying. She wrote about her dream of becoming an airline pilot.Her paper came back with an “F” on it. The teacher told her it was a “fairy tale”, and it wasn’t a job for a women.Jean experienced years of hurt and fear because of this discouragement(气馁) until she met her English teacher Mrs. Dorothy Slaton in senior high school.Mrs. Slaton said to Jean’s class. “You have the abilities and talents. If you don’t go after(追求) your dream after you leave school, no one will do it for you.”Jean felt a rush of the old enthusiasm (热情), and with excitement she told Mrs. Slaton about her old dreams. The teacher said. “Then do it!”So Jean did. It took her 10 years of hard work. But in 1978, she became one of the first three women pilot trainers ever accepted by United Airlines(航空公司) and one of 50 women airline pilot in the country at the time. Some years later, Jean Harper became a Boeing 737 captain(机长) for United Airline.48. When Jean was young, her dream was ______.A. to be a crop duster pilotB. to fix planesC. to be an airline pilot49. Jean spent ______ years in becoming an airline pilot.A. fifteenB. thirteenC. ten50. What did Mrs. Slaton mean when she talked to class?A. Everyone should go after his or her dream.B. Everyone should have a dream after they leave school.C. Everyone should do good things to help people’s dreams.51. What can we lean from this story?A. A woman can not be a pilot.B. If you have a dream, work hard for it.C. Jean’s dream didn’t come true at last.DTu Youyou, William Campbell and Satoshi Omura are the three scientists from different countries. They have wone the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine.On December 30, 1930, Tu Youyou was born in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China. Form 1951 to 1955, she studied in Peking University Medical School. Later Tu was trained for two and a half years in traditional Chinese medicine.Sweet wormwood(青蒿) is a common plant in China. But it has the power to cure the deadlydisease called malaria(疟疾). Tu started her malaria research in China in the 1960s and 1970s. she discovere d “Qing-hao-su” in 1971. it is a great he alth improvement(改进) for people in developing countries in south Asia, Africa, and South America.Tu got several medicine awards(奖项) in the past. On October 5, 2015, she was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology(生理学) or Medicine. She is the first Chinese scientist to win a Nobel Prize.52. Who won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Medicine?A. Tu Youyou.B. William Campbell and Satoshi Omura.C. Both A and B.53. Where was Tu Youyou born?A. Ningbo.B. Hangzhou.C. Shaoxing.54. The underline wor d “cure” in the passage means _____.A. 治疗B. 治理C. 诊断55. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Tu Youyou is 81 years old.B. “Qing-hao-su” is useful in people’s health.C. Tu studied in Peking University for two and a half years.第二节阅读表达Yao Ming, Wang Zhizhi and Yi Jianlian… these are the great Chinese basketball players who have played in the NBA, but there are not very many others. Well now, one young Chinese man is knocking one the door of the world’s most popular basketbal l league(联赛). His name is Zhou Qi.Zhou, 20, entered the NBA draft(选秀) in April, 2016. Every year, the 30 NBA teams pick skilled young players from a round the world during the draft. So it Zhou is lucky, he could play in the NBA soon.Zhou has long arms and quick feet. He is good at making long-range shots(远射). Although he is young, he is calm on the court(球场).But his prob lem is he’s too thin. Zhou is 2.18 meters tall, but he o n ly weighs 95kg. He doesn’t seem strong enough to play against those big NBA players.But who knows? Zhou is still young and has a lot of room to improve. The bigger stage(舞台) of the NBA is waiting for him, and his future is bright.56. Where does Zhou come from?57. When did Zhou entered the NBA draft?58. What’s the problem of Zhou?59. Does Zhou do well in making long-range shots?60. What do you think of Zhou’s future?第四部分写作技能第一节综合填空Mary is a book lover. She could read by 61 (her) at the age of four. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. She still works there once a week to help kids learn to read. “The kids are 62 (sit) in the library, but you can see in their 63 (eye) that ther’re going on a 64 (differently) journey with each new book. Volunteering here is a dream come true for me. I can do what I love to do 65 help others at the same time.”第二节补全对话七选五[Bob and his mother are visiting the security education show(安全教育展)]M: Bob, come here. There are many pictures.B: 66M: About traffic safety.B: Uh-huh. It seems boring.M: Oh, no. 67B: Maybe, right, Mum, look at this picture, a girl is hit by a car when she is running across the street.68M: So it is!B: 69 That can help us keep safe.M: Yes. Let’s go to another hall.B: 70 Let’s go.A. How terrible!B. Ir’s my pleasure.C. Good idea!D. What do you think of them.E. What are they about?F. It is educational to everyone.G. I think we must follow traffic rules.第三节英汉互译A rich man was trying to find his daughter a birthday gift when he saw a poor man with a beautiful white horse. 71.He told the man that he would give him $500 for the horse.The poor man answered, “Sir, it doesn’t look so good.” And he walked away.The next day the rich man came back. He would give the poor man $1, 000 for the horse. The poor man said again, “Sir, it doesn’t look so good.”72. 在第三天，the rich man took out $2, 000 for the horse. He said he wouldn’t take no for an answer. The poor man said OK. 73. Then the rich man took the horse home.74. 富人的女儿很喜欢这个礼物。
怀化市2016年初中毕业学业考试试卷
怀化市2016年初中毕业学业考试试卷总分数 100分时长:90分钟一、选择题（共30题 ,总计40分）1.（1分）满江红生活在淡水中，有根、茎、叶的分化，但无果实和种子。
满江红属于（）A. 藻类植物B. 苔藓植物C. 蕨类植物D. 种子植物2.（1分）人体消化系统的组成是（）A. 口腔、食道、胃、小肠、大肠、肛门B. 肝脏、唾液腺、胃腺、肠腺、胰腺C. 肠液、胰液、唾液、胆汁D. 消化道和消化腺3.（1分）各种动物都以各自独特的方式适应环境，下列选项中错误．．的是（）A. 蜗牛—身体细长柔软，用肺呼吸，皮肤辅助呼吸B. 蝴蝶—有外骨骼防止水分蒸发C. 鲫鱼—用鳃呼吸，用鳍游泳D. 家鸽—前肢变成翼，长骨中空，身体内有气囊4.（1分）青春期的少男少女在身体和心理上会发生显著的变化，下列有关青春期的叙述错．误．的是（）A. 身高突增B. 男女正常交往，建立纯洁的友谊C. 男女性器官迅速发育D. 我长大了，自己的事自己做主，不要听家长或老师的话5.（1分）用显微镜观察口腔上皮细胞临时装片时，若物像模糊不清，可以转动哪个结构使物像更清晰（）A. 粗准焦螺旋B. 细准焦螺旋C. 转换器D. 反光镜6.（1分）下图是两种生物细胞结构示意图，以下说法错误．．的是（）A. 甲、乙都是构成生物体结构和功能的基本单位B. 甲、乙在分裂过程中细胞内变化最明显的是细胞核C. 标号②所示结构能控制物质进出D. 甲、乙共有的能量转换器是线粒体和叶绿体7.（1分）下列疾病中都是遗传病的一组是（）A. 白化病、色盲B. 流感、甲型肝炎C. 糖尿病、佝偻病D. 近视眼、脚气病8.（1分）下列有利于移栽植物成活的是（）A. 带土移栽B. 选择阴雨天移栽C. 减去部分枝叶移栽D. 以上三者都是9.（1分）绿色开花植物形成种子和果实一般必须完成两个重要的生理活动，它们是（）A. 自花传粉和异花传粉B. 传粉和受精C. 开花和受精D. 自然传粉和人工辅助授粉10.（1分）下列选项中属于动物组织的是（）A. 保护组织B. 结缔组织C. 营养组织D. 输导组织11.（1分）人体完成任何一个动作，都必须由运动系统的哪些结构来完成（）A. 关节面、关节腔、关节囊B. 肌肉、关节C. 肌肉、骨D. 肌肉、骨、关节12.（1分）冰箱里的食物不容易腐败的主要原因是（）A. 营养物质缺少B. 有机物分解杂乱C. 低温抑制了细菌、真菌的生长和繁殖速度D. 低温杀死了细菌、真菌13.（1分）下图是缩手反射的反射弧结构模式图，下列有关说法错误．．的是（）A. 用针刺激一个健康人的手指后立即缩手，参与该反射的神经中枢是图中的③B. 该反射的神经冲动传导的途径是：①→②→③→④→⑤C. 若某人②断裂，用针刺其指尖，他能完成缩手反射，但无痛感D. 缩手反射属于简单反射14.（1分）下列属于生物的是（）A. 恐龙化石B. 馒头上长出的白霉C. 慢慢长大的钟乳D. 会唱歌的机器人15.（1分）下列生活习惯中，属于合理营养的是（）A. 快迟到了，不吃早餐了B. 饭菜多加盐，吃起来才有味C. 渴了就喝饮料D. 食物多样，谷类为主，粗细搭配16.（1分）保护生物多样性最有效的措施是（）A. 保护生物的生活环境B. 建立濒危物种的种质库C. 建立自然保护区D. 颁布保护生物多样性的相关法律和文件17.（1分）以下生物没有成形的细胞核的是（）A. 大肠杆菌B. 酵母菌C. 蘑菇D. 木耳18.（1分）下列选项中，能正确反映出所列各概念间关系的是（）A. 细胞核＞染色体＞DNA＞基因B. 基因＞染色体＞DNA＞细胞核C. 染色体＞细胞核＞DNA＞基因D. DNA＞基因＞染色体＞细胞核19.（1分）下列环境问题不是．．由于人类活动造成的是（）A. 温室效应B. 酸雨C. 固体废弃物污染D. 火山爆发20.（1分）下列含多种消化酶的消化液是（）A. 唾液B. 胰液C. 胃液D. 胆汁21.（2分）下列属于社会行为的是（）A. 蜻蜓点水B. 蚂蚁搬家C. 孔雀开屏D. 惊弓之鸟22.（2分）如果不注意用眼卫生会造成近视，近视主要是眼球中哪一结构的曲度过大（）A. 瞳孔B. 晶状体C. 视网膜D. 巩膜23.（2分）下列关于生物进化趋势的叙述，说法错误．．的是（）A. 由简单到复杂B. 由低等到高等C. 由水生到陆生D. 由自养到异养24.（2分）原始大气与现在的大气成分相比，原始大气中没有的气体是（）A. 氧气B. 氢气C. 氮气D. 二氧化碳25.（2分）与肺静脉直接相连的心腔是（）A. 左心房B. 左心室C. 右心房D. 右心室26.（2分）下列各项中对于自然界中物质的循环起着重要作用的是（）A. 阳光和雨露B. 动物和人类C. 细菌和真菌D. 蚯蚓和蚊子27.（2分）下图表示模拟膈肌运动实验，据此判断甲、乙代表的两人呼吸运动的过程是（）A. 甲、乙都吸气B. 甲、乙都呼气C. 甲吸气、乙呼气D. 甲呼气、乙吸气28.（2分）下列结构不属于．．．泌尿系统的是（）A. 肾脏B. 输尿管C. 尿道D. 咽鼓管29.（2分）下列有关人体血液循环的叙述，错误．．的是（）A. 静脉注射青霉素后，青霉素最先到达心脏的右心房B. 人体在血液循环的过程中，总是先体循环后肺循环C. 人体通过肺循环后，血液由含氧较少的静脉血变成含氧较多的动脉血D. 将新鲜的猪心脏做灌流实验，水从主动脉灌入后从主动脉流出30.（2分）下图是制作临时装片的几个步骤，它们的先后顺序是（）A B CD E(1).根据体内有无脊柱，可将动物分为两类，图中无脊椎动物有____1____（填字母）。
湖南省怀化市中考数学真题
2016 年湖南省怀化市中考数学试卷
参考答案与试题解析
一 、 选 择 题 ： 每 小 题 4 分 ， 共 40 分
1． (2016·湖南怀化)（ ﹣2） 2 的 平 方 根 是 （
）
A． 2 B． ﹣2 C． ±2 D．
【考点】平方根． 【分析】直接利用有理数的乘方化简，进而利用平方根的定义得出答案．
3． (2016·湖南怀化)下 列 计 算 正 确 的 是 （ ）
A．（x+ y） 2 =x2 +y2B．（x﹣y） 2=x2 ﹣2xy﹣y2
C．（x+ 1）（x﹣1） =x2﹣1 D．（x﹣1） 2=x2﹣1
【考点】平方差公式；完全平方公式． 【分析】直接利用完全平方公式以及平方差公式分别计算得出答案． 【 解 答 】 解 ： A、（x+ y） 2=x2+y2+2xy， 故 此 选 项 错 误 ；
2
【分析】根据解不等式得基本步骤依次去括号、移项、合并同类项求得不等 式的解集，在解集内找到非负整数即可．
【 解 答 】 解 ： 去 括 号 ， 得 ： 3x﹣3≤5﹣x，
移 项 、 合 并 ， 得 ： 4x≤8， 系 数 化 为 1， 得 ： x≤2， ∴不等式的非负整数解有 0、1、2 这 3 个 ， 故 选 ： C．
满 足三角形的三边关系；
当 腰 长 是 8cm 时 ，三 角 形 的 三 边 是 8cm， 8cm， 4cm， 三 角 形 的 周 长 是 20cm
． 故 选 C．
9． (2016·湖南怀化)函 数 y=
中，自变量 x 的取值范围是（ ）
A． x≥1 B． x＞ 1 C． x≥1 且 x≠2 D． x≠2 【考点】函数自变量的取值范围．
怀化市初中学业水平考试样卷
怀化市初中学业水平考试样卷 英 语I ．听力技能（两个部分，共20小题，计20分）第一节 (共5小题; 每小题1分, 满分5分)对话理解。
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What do they like best?A. B. C.2. What ’s the weather like today?A. B. C.3. How does Bob often go to school?A. By bike.B. On foot.C. By bus.4. What does Lingling want to see?A. Pandas.B. Elephants.C. Monkeys.5. How much is Lucy ’s sweater?A. 60 yuan.B. 50 yuan.C. 40 yuan.第二节 (共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. Why was Lily late for school ？A. Because she got up late.B. Because she was ill.C. Because the bus was late.7. When did the school start ？A. At 8:00.B. At 8:00.C. At 8:30.温 馨 提 示 1. 本试卷分试题卷和答题卡两部分。
2016年怀化市初中毕业学业考试试卷
………封…………线…………不…………要………准考证号： 班级： [请单击此处编辑试卷标题]1.地理的两极和地磁两极并不重合，存在磁偏角.最早发现磁偏角的是（ ） A.牛顿B.瓦特C.沈括D.奥斯特2.下列属于一次性能源又属于可再生能源的是（ ） A.石油B.电能C.天然气D.水能3.估测是我们学好物理的一项基本能力.下列是几个同学估测的几个物理量的数值，其中最接近实际的是 （ ）A.教室内的温度约为50℃B.人讲话时声音的响度约为200dBC.人正常步行的速度约为1.1 m/sD.一包方便面的质量大约是l.0kg 【解答】解：A 、人体感觉舒适温度在23℃左右，教室内温度感觉舒适，在23℃左右.故A 不符合实际；B 、人一般说话的声音响度在40dB 左右.故B 不符合实际；C 、人正常步行的速度在4km/h=4×m/s≈1.1m/s 左右.故C 符合实际；D 、两个鸡蛋的质量在100g 左右，一包方便面的质量与此差不多，在100g=0.1kg 左右.故D 不符合实际. 故选C.4.下列关于分子和原子的说法，正确的是（ ） A.原子是不可再分的最小粒子 B.分子是不可再分的最小粒子C.原子结构与太阳系十分相似，它的中心是原子核D.分子结构与太阳系十分相似，它的中心是原子6.下面列举的四个光现象中，属于光的折射现象的是（ ）A. 屏幕上的手影B. 山在水中的倒影C. 花瓶在平面镜中的像D.铅笔好像在水面处折断8.以下几组材料中.都是绝缘体的是（ ） A.橡胶、玻璃、塑料B.玻璃、大地、塑料 C.人体、空气、石墨D.食盐水溶液、金属、水 9.下列设备在工作时，将电能转化为内能的是（ ）A.电饭锅B.抽水机C.核反应堆D.太阳灶10.如果一个人在冰面上散步，当冰面快要破裂时，他采取的自救方法最恰当的是（ ） A.马上站立不动B.马上抬起一只脚不动 C.快速跑向安全区D.趴下平躺爬向安全区【解答】解：通过对四个选项进行分析可知，人的重力一定，对冰面的压力一定，趴下平躺爬向安全区时接触面积最大、冰的受力面积最大，根据压强公式p= 可知，此时对冰面的压强最小，所以最安全. 故选D.(2016怀化)11.自然现象与我们的生活息息相关，下列自然现象中属于凝华的是（ ）A. 春天里冰雪消融B. 夏天的早晨花草上有露水C. 深秋的早晨大雾弥漫D.初冬的早晨霜打枝头12.下图中，关于通电螺线管旁的小磁针受到通电螺线管磁力作用静止后指向正确的是（ ）A.B.C.D.13.以下图形符合安全用电原则的是（ ）A.在同一插座上使用多个大功率电器B.在高压电线下钓鱼C. 发生触电时立即切断电源D. 用湿手触摸开关[请单击此处编辑年级、科类、科目] 第3页，共10页[请单击此处编辑年级、科类、科目] 第4页，共10页封…………线……………答…………题……15.如图所示的杠杆正处于水平平衡，若把杠杆的两端各加一个钩码，杠杆将（ ）A.还继续处于水平平衡B.右端下降，左端上升C.右端上升，左端下降D.无法确定杠杆的运动状态【解答】解：设一个钩码重为G ，左边力臂为L 左，右边力臂为L 右， 原来：3G×L 左=2G×L 右，杠杆平衡，则=，把杠杆的两端各加一个钩码，现在： 左边4G×L 左，右边3G×L 右，因为=，所以4G×L 左＞3G×L 右，所以杠杆不再平衡，杠杆右端下降，左端上升. 故选B.17.小明同学在参加今年物理实验考査时，用如图所 示刻度尺测量某物体的长度，则该刻度尺的分度值为 1 mm ，物体长度为 3.25 cm.18.小金同学由于经常玩手机，近期发现视力严重下降，经眼科医生检查小金看物体的像成在视网膜的前方，则小金被确诊为 近 视眼，应佩戴 凹 透镜矫正.2016怀化)21.“清风不识字、何故乱翻书”诗句中清风能翻书，是因为风使书表面上空气流动速度 )17.决定电阻大小的因素有导体的材料、 长度 和 横截面积 . 【试题答案与分析】【时间：2016-7-27 8:52:36】18.热机的四个冲程中对外做功的是 做功 冲程，排气冲程 消耗 机械能.（选填“得到”或“消耗”） 【试题答案与分析】【时间：2016-7-27 8:52:36】(19.小明同学在参加今年物理实验考査时，用如图所 示刻度尺测量某物体的长度，则该刻度尺的分度值为 1 mm ，物体长度为 3.25 cm.【试题答案与分析】【时间：2016-7-27 8:52:36】20.小金同学由于经常玩手机，近期发现视力严重下降，经眼科医生检查小金看物体的像成在视网膜的前方，则小金被确诊为 近 视眼，应佩戴 凹 透镜矫正. 【试题答案与分析】【时间：2016-7-27 8:52:36】21. “清风不识字、何故乱翻书”诗句中清风能翻书，是因为风使书表面上空气流动速度 增大 而导致书上表面压强 减小 （选填“增大”或“减小”） 【试题答案与分析】【时间：2016-7-27 8:52:36】(2016怀化)22.如图所示，（a ）、（b ）两图分别是甲、乙两种物质熔化时的温度一时间图象，由图可知：在甲、乙两种物质中， a 物质是晶体，它的熔点是 48 ℃.【试题答案与分析】…密…………封……………不…………要……准考证号： 班级： 【时间：2016-7-27 8:52:36】(2016怀化)23.今年5月22日在怀化舞水河举行了盛大的全市迎“端午节”龙舟比赛.有14支队伍参加比赛，最后麻阳队荣获冠军.在比赛过程中是 湖水 对 船 的作用力使龙舟前进. 【试题答案与分析】【时间：2016-7-27 8:52:36】(2016怀化)24.在2015年中考体育测试中，小丽同学“50m 跑”的成绩是8s ，则她跑50m 的平均速度是 6.25 m/s ，由于她具有 惯性 ，她达到终点后无法立即停下来. 【试题答案与分析】【时间：2016-7-27 8:52:36】(2016怀化)25.有一同学用如图所示的动滑轮，把500N 的重物提升了2m ，此时动滑轮的机械效率是80%，那么这位同学做的有用功是 1000 J ，总功是 1250 J.【试题答案与分析】【时间：2016-7-27 8:52:36】(2016怀化)26.﹣个灯泡的电阻是20Ω，正常工作的电压是8V ，灯泡正常工作时通过它的电流是 0.4 A.现在把它接到电压是9V 的电源上，要使它正常工作，需要给它串联一个阻值为 2.5 Ω的分压电阻. 【试题答案与分析】【时间：2016-7-27 8:52:36】(2016怀化)27.如图所示，请你在图中画出甲所受到的重力示意图.【试题答案与分析】(2016怀化)28.用一杠杆提一重物，如图所示，请画出图中力F 的力臂.【试题答案与分析】【时间：2016-7-27 8:52:36】(2016怀化)29.小冯在实验室测某种小矿石的密度.请同学们根据正确操作过程及下图回答下列问题：（1）小冯用天平测物体质量的过程中： ①第一步应该是将天平放在 水平台上 .②甲图是小冯在加减砝码时添加最小砝码后指针所指位罝，则小冯接下的操作是： 取下最小的砝码，适当向 右移动游码使天平平衡 .③小冯在严格按照正确的实验步骤操作，出如图乙所示测得其质量是 72 g. （2）用量筒测得小石块的体积为24cm3，则小石块的密度 ρ= 3×103 kg/m3.（3）假设小冯在完成实验后发现有一个砝码底部粘有污垢，则测得小石块的密度比小石块真实密度将 偏大 .（选填“偏大”、“偏小“或“不变”）.【试题答案与分析】【时间：2016-7-27 8:52:36】[请单击此处编辑年级、科类、科目] 第7页，共10页[请单击此处编辑年级、科类、科目] 第8页，共10页○……密…………封…………线…………内…………不…(2016怀化)30.小明用如甲图所示实物图来测量小灯泡两端电压，请回答下列问题：（1）在连接电路过程中，开关应处于断开状态.（2）在闭合开关前，小明应将滑动变阻器的滑片罝于 B 端（选填“A”或“B”），并采用试触的方法来确定电压表的量程.（3）如乙图所示，电压表的读数为 2 V.【试题答案与分析】【时间：2016-7-27 8:52:36】(2016怀化)31.如图所示，大伟在探究“摩擦力的大小与什么因素有关“的实验时，用弹簧测力计沿水平方向拉动木块，使它沿水平长木板匀速滑动，从而测出摩擦力；改变放在木块上的砝码，从而改变木块与长木板之间的压力；把棉布、毛巾等铺在长木板上，从而改变接触面的粗糙程度.（1）观察三个实验.比较甲图和乙图所示实验.说明摩擦力的大小与作用在物体表面的压力有关.（2）观察三个实验，比较甲图和丙图所示实验.说明在压力相同时.接触面越粗糙，摩擦力越大.（3）大伟在进行乙图中实验时，改变放在木块上的砝码，通过多次实验得到摩擦力Ff与作用在物体表面的压力FN的关系图线如丁图所示.由丁图可知：当FN=1N时.弹簧秤对物体的拉力大小为0.2 N.当木块与砝码的总重力为 6N时，木块在长木板上滑动时受到的摩擦力为 1.2 N.【试题答案与分析】【时间：2016-7-27 8:52:36】(2016怀化)32.爱好科学的小明同学找来了一种电热饮水机.如图：甲是饮水机的简化示意图，S 是温控开关，当S、S1都闭合时为加热状态，S断开、S1闭合为保温状态.图乙是饮水机的铭牌参数.请你帮他求出：（1）初温为20℃的一满箱水，用此饮水机将水加热到90℃需要吸收的热量是多少？[C水=4.2×103J/（kg℃）]（2）电阻丝R2的阻值多大？（3）在正常加热状态工作下，加热5min需要消耗的电能是多少J？【试题答案与分析】【时间：2016-7-27 8:52:36】(2016怀化)33.近期在日本召开了以美欧日等国的“七国峰会”，在会上日本再次无理提出了我国南海问题.为了捍卫国家主权，我军派满载排水量达67500t的“辽宁”号航空母舰加强了对南海黄岩岛等岛屿的巡逻，在某次巡逻演习中雷达发现假想敌潜艇在15海里外的水下10m处潜行，随即投下重量为100kg的感应式浅水水雷攻击，并成功将敌潜艇击沉.（g=10N/kg、水的密度为1×103kg/m3）问：（1）航空母舰满载时受到的浮力为多少？（2）敌潜艇受到水的压强有多大？（3）如图为感应式浅水水雷在水中待命时示意图，假设欲使水雷悬浮在水中，需在其下方用细绳悬挂一个密度为5×l03kg/m3、质量为31.25kg的物体，求水雷的密度？（细绳的体积和质量………题…………○忽略不计）。
湖南省怀化市 2016年中考数学真题试卷附解析
2016年湖南省怀化市中考数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题：每小题4分，共40分1．(2016·湖南怀化)（﹣2）2的平方根是（）A．2 B．﹣2 C．±2 D．【考点】平方根．【分析】直接利用有理数的乘方化简，进而利用平方根的定义得出答案．【解答】解：∵（﹣2）2=4，∴4的平方根是：±2．故选：C．2．(2016·湖南怀化)某校进行书法比赛，有39名同学参加预赛，只能有19名同学参加决赛，他们预赛的成绩各不相同，其中一名同学想知道自己能否进入决赛，不仅要了解自己的预赛成绩，还要了解这39名同学预赛成绩的（）A．平均数B．中位数C．方差D．众数【考点】统计量的选择．【分析】由于比赛取前19名参加决赛，共有39名选手参加，根据中位数的意义分析即可．【解答】解：39个不同的成绩按从小到大排序后，中位数及中位数之后的共有19个数，故只要知道自己的成绩和中位数就可以知道是否获奖了．故选B．3．(2016·湖南怀化)下列计算正确的是（）A．（x+y）2=x2+y2B．（x﹣y）2=x2﹣2xy﹣y2C．（x+1）（x﹣1）=x2﹣1 D．（x﹣1）2=x2﹣1【考点】平方差公式；完全平方公式．【分析】直接利用完全平方公式以及平方差公式分别计算得出答案．【解答】解：A、（x+y）2=x2+y2+2xy，故此选项错误；B、（x﹣y）2=x2﹣2xy+y2，故此选项错误；C、（x+1）（x﹣1）=x2﹣1，正确；D、（x﹣1）2=x2﹣2x+1，故此选项错误；故选：C．4．(2016·湖南怀化)一元二次方程x2﹣x﹣1=0的根的情况为（）A．有两个不相等的实数根B．有两个相等的实数根C．只有一个实数根D．没有实数根【考点】根的判别式．【分析】先求出△的值，再判断出其符号即可．【解答】解：∵a=1，b=﹣1，c=﹣1，∴△=b2﹣4ac=（﹣1）2﹣4×1×（﹣1）=5＞0，∴方程有两个不相等的实数根，故选：A．5．(2016·湖南怀化)如图，OP为∠AOB的角平分线，PC⊥OA，PD⊥OB，垂足分别是C、D，则下列结论错误的是（）A．PC=PD B．∠CPD=∠DOP C．∠CPO=∠DPO D．OC=OD【考点】角平分线的性质．【分析】先根据角平分线的性质得出PC=PD，再利用HL证明△OCP≌△ODP，根据全等三角形的性质得出∠CPO=∠DPO，OC=OD．【解答】解：∵OP为∠AOB的角平分线，PC⊥OA，PD⊥OB，垂足分别是C、D，∴PC=PD，故A正确；在Rt△OCP与Rt△ODP中，，∴△OCP≌△ODP，∴∠CPO=∠DPO，OC=OD，故C、D正确．不能得出∠CPD=∠DOP，故B错误．故选B．6．(2016·湖南怀化)不等式3（x﹣1）≤5﹣x的非负整数解有（）A．1个B．2个C．3个D．4个【考点】一元一次不等式的整数解．【分析】根据解不等式得基本步骤依次去括号、移项、合并同类项求得不等式的解集，在解集内找到非负整数即可．【解答】解：去括号，得：3x﹣3≤5﹣x，移项、合并，得：4x≤8，系数化为1，得：x≤2，∴不等式的非负整数解有0、1、2这3个，故选：C．7．(2016·湖南怀化)二次函数y=x2+2x﹣3的开口方向、顶点坐标分别是（）A．开口向上，顶点坐标为（﹣1，﹣4）B．开口向下，顶点坐标为（1，4）C．开口向上，顶点坐标为（1，4）D．开口向下，顶点坐标为（﹣1，﹣4）【考点】二次函数的性质．【分析】根据a＞0确定出二次函数开口向上，再将函数解析式整理成顶点式形式，然后写出顶点坐标．【解答】解：∵二次函数y=x2+2x﹣3的二次项系数为a=1＞0，∴函数图象开口向上，∵y=x2+2x﹣3=（x+1）2﹣4，∴顶点坐标为（﹣1，﹣4）．故选A．8．(2016·湖南怀化)等腰三角形的两边长分别为4cm和8cm，则它的周长为（）A．16cm B．17cm C．20cm D．16cm或20cm【考点】等腰三角形的性质；三角形三边关系．【分析】根据等腰三角形的性质，本题要分情况讨论．当腰长为4cm或是腰长为8cm两种情况．【解答】解：等腰三角形的两边长分别为4cm和8cm，当腰长是4cm时，则三角形的三边是4cm，4cm，8cm，4cm+4cm=8cm不满足三角形的三边关系；当腰长是8cm时，三角形的三边是8cm，8cm，4cm，三角形的周长是20cm．故选C．9．(2016·湖南怀化)函数y=中，自变量x的取值范围是（）A．x≥1 B．x＞1 C．x≥1且x≠2 D．x≠2【考点】函数自变量的取值范围．【分析】根据分式的分母不为零、被开方数是非负数来求x的取值范围．【解答】解：依题意得：x﹣1≥0且x﹣2≠0，解得x≥1且x≠2．故选：C．10．(2016·湖南怀化)在Rt△ABC中，∠C=90°，sinA=，AC=6cm，则BC的长度为（）A．6cm B．7cm C．8cm D．9cm【考点】解直角三角形．【分析】根据三角函数的定义求得BC和AB的比值，设出BC、AB，然后利用勾股定理即可求解．【解答】解：∵sinA==，∴设BC=4x，AB=5x，又∵AC2+BC2=AB2，∴62+（4x）2=（5x）2，解得：x=2或x=﹣2（舍），则BC=4x=8cm，故选：C．二、填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分11．(2016·湖南怀化)已知扇形的半径为6cm，面积为10πcm2，则该扇形的弧长等于cm．【考点】扇形面积的计算；弧长的计算．【分析】设扇形的弧长为lcm，再由扇形的面积公式即可得出结论．【解答】解：设扇形的弧长为lcm，∵扇形的半径为6cm，面积为10πcm2，∴l×6=10π，解得l=cm．故答案为：cm．12．(2016·湖南怀化)旋转不改变图形的形状和大小．【考点】旋转的性质．【分析】根据旋转的性质（旋转不改变图形的大小与形状，只改变图形的位置．也就是旋转前后图形全等，对应点与旋转中心所连线段间的夹角为旋转角）即可得出答案．【解答】解：旋转不改变图形的形状和大小，只改变图形的位置，故答案为：形状，大小．13．(2016·湖南怀化)已知点P（3，﹣2）在反比例函数y=（k≠0）的图象上，则k=﹣6；在第四象限，函数值y随x的增大而增大．【考点】反比例函数的性质；反比例函数图象上点的坐标特征．【分析】由点的坐标结合反比例函数图象上点的坐标特征可求出k值，根据k值结合反比例函数的性质即可得出其函数图象在每个象限内的增减性，由此即可得出结论．【解答】解：∵点P（3，﹣2）在反比例函数y=（k≠0）的图象上，∴k=3×（﹣2）=﹣6．∵k=﹣6＜0，∴反比例函数y=的图象在第二、四象限，且在每个象限内均单增，∴在第四象限，函数值y随x的增大而增大．故答案为：﹣6；增大．14．(2016·湖南怀化)一个不透明的袋子，装了除颜色不同，其他没有任何区别的红色球3个，绿色球4个，黑色球7个，黄色球2个，从袋子中随机摸出一个球，摸到黑色球的概率是．【考点】概率公式．【分析】先求出球的总数，再根据概率公式即可得出结论．【解答】解：∵红色球3个，绿色球4个，黑色球7个，黄色球2个，∴球的总数=3+4+7+2=16，∴摸到黑色球的概率=．故答案为：．三、解答题：本大题共8小题，每小题8分，共64分15．(2016·湖南怀化)计算：20160+2|1﹣sin30°|﹣（）﹣1+．【考点】实数的运算；零指数幂；负整数指数幂；特殊角的三角函数值．【分析】根据实数的运算顺序，首先计算乘方、开方，然后计算乘法，最后从左向右依次计算，求出算式20160+2|1﹣sin30°|﹣（）﹣1+的值是多少即可．【解答】解：20160+2|1﹣sin30°|﹣（）﹣1+=1+2×|1﹣|﹣3+4=1+2×+1=1+1+1=3．16．(2016·湖南怀化)有若干只鸡和兔关在一个笼子里，从上面数，有30个头；从下面数，有84条腿，问笼中各有几只鸡和兔？【考点】二元一次方程组的应用．【分析】设这个笼中的鸡有x只，兔有y只，根据“从上面数，有30个头；从下面数，有84条腿”列出方程组，解方程组即可．【解答】解：设这个笼中的鸡有x只，兔有y只，根据题意得：，解得；；答：笼子里鸡有18只，兔有12只．17．(2016·湖南怀化)如图，已知AD=BC，AC=BD．（1）求证：△ADB≌△BCA；（2）OA与OB相等吗？若相等，请说明理由．【考点】全等三角形的判定与性质；等腰三角形的判定．【分析】（1）根据SSS定理推出全等即可；（2）根据全等得出∠OAB=∠OBA，根据等角对等边得出即可．【解答】（1）证明：∵在△ADB和△BCA中，，∴△ADB≌△BCA（SSS）；（2）解：OA=OB，理由是：∵△ADB≌△BCA，∴∠ABD=∠BAC，∴OA=OB．18．(2016·湖南怀化)已知一次函数y=2x+4（1）在如图所示的平面直角坐标系中，画出函数的图象；（2）求图象与x轴的交点A的坐标，与y轴交点B的坐标；（3）在（2）的条件下，求出△AOB的面积；（4）利用图象直接写出：当y＜0时，x的取值范围．【考点】一次函数图象与系数的关系；一次函数的图象．【分析】（1）利用两点法就可以画出函数图象；（2）利用函数解析式分别代入x=0与y=0的情况就可以求出交点坐标；（3）通过交点坐标就能求出面积；（4）观察函数图象与x轴的交点就可以得出结论．【解答】解：（1）当x=0时y=4，当y=0时，x=﹣2，则图象如图所示（2）由上题可知A（﹣2，0）B（0，4），（3）S△AOB=×2×4=4，（4）x＜﹣2．19．(2016·湖南怀化)如图，在Rt△ABC中，∠BAC=90°（1）先作∠ACB的平分线交AB边于点P，再以点P为圆心，PA长为半径作⊙P；（要求：尺规作图，保留作图痕迹，不写作法）（2）请你判断（1）中BC与⊙P的位置关系，并证明你的结论．【考点】直线与圆的位置关系；作图—复杂作图．【分析】（1）根据题意作出图形，如图所示；（2）BC与⊙P相切，理由为：过P作PD⊥BC，交BC于点P，利用角平分线定理得到PD=PA，而PA为圆P的半径，即可得证．【解答】解：（1）如图所示，⊙P为所求的圆；（2）BC与⊙P相切，理由为：过P作PD⊥BC，交BC于点P，∵CP为∠ACB的平分线，且PA⊥AC，PD⊥CB，∴PD=PA，∵PA为⊙P的半径．∴BC与⊙P相切．20．(2016·湖南怀化)甲、乙两人都握有分别标记为A、B、C的三张牌，两人做游戏，游戏规则是：若两人出的牌不同，则A胜B，B胜C，C胜A；若两人出的牌相同，则为平局．（1）用树状图或列表等方法，列出甲、乙两人一次游戏的所有可能的结果；（2）求出现平局的概率．【考点】列表法与树状图法．【分析】（1）首先根据题意画出树状图，然后由树状图求得所有等可能的结果；（2）由（1）可求得出现平局的情况，再利用概率公式求解即可求得答案．【解答】解：（1）画树状图得：则共有9种等可能的结果；（2）∵出现平局的有3种情况，∴出现平局的概率为：=．21．(2016·湖南怀化)如图，△ABC为锐角三角形，AD是BC边上的高，正方形EFGH的一边FG在BC上，顶点E、H分别在AB、AC上，已知BC=40cm，AD=30cm．（1）求证：△AEH∽△ABC；（2）求这个正方形的边长与面积．【考点】相似三角形的判定与性质；正方形的性质．【分析】（1）根据EH∥BC即可证明．（2）如图设AD与EH交于点M，首先证明四边形EFDM是矩形，设正方形边长为x，再利用△AEH∽△ABC，得=，列出方程即可解决问题．【解答】（1）证明：∵四边形EFGH是正方形，∴EH∥BC，∴∠AEH=∠B，∠AHE=∠C，∴△AEH∽△ABC．（2）解：如图设AD与EH交于点M．∵∠EFD=∠FEM=∠FDM=90°，∴四边形EFDM是矩形，∴EF=DM，设正方形EFGH的边长为x，∵△AEH∽△ABC，∴=，∴=，∴x=，∴正方形EFGH的边长为cm，面积为cm2．22．(2016·湖南怀化)如图，已知抛物线y=ax2+bx+c（a≠0）经过A（﹣3，0）、B（5，0）、C（0，5）三点，O为坐标原点（1）求此抛物线的解析式；（2）若把抛物线y=ax2+bx+c（a≠0）向下平移个单位长度，再向右平移n（n＞0）个单位长度得到新抛物线，若新抛物线的顶点M在△ABC内，求n 的取值范围；（3）设点P在y轴上，且满足∠OPA+∠OCA=∠CBA，求CP的长．【考点】二次函数综合题．【分析】（1）根据A、B、C三点的坐标，利用待定系数法可求得抛物线的解析式；（2）可先求得抛物线的顶点坐标，再利用坐标平移，可得平移后的坐标为（1+n，1），再由B、C两点的坐标可求得直线BC的解析式，可求得y=1时，对应的x的值，从而可求得n的取值范围；（3）当点P在y轴负半轴上时，过P作PD⊥AC，交AC的延长线于点D，根据条件可知∠PAD=45°，设PD=DA=m，由△COA∽△CDP，可求出m和PC 的长，此时可求得PO=12，利用等腰三角形的性质，可知当P点在y轴正半轴上时，则有OP=12，从而可求得PC=5．【解答】解：（1）把A、B、C三点的坐标代入函数解析式可得，解得，∴抛物线解析式为y=﹣x2+x+5；（2）∵y=﹣x2+x+5，∴抛物线顶点坐标为（1，），∴当抛物线y=ax2+bx+c（a≠0）向下平移个单位长度，再向右平移n（n＞0）个单位长度后，得到的新抛物线的顶点M坐标为（1+n，1），设直线BC解析式为y=kx+m，把B、C两点坐标代入可得，解得，∴直线BC的解析式为y=﹣x+5，令y=1，代入可得1=﹣x+5，解得x=4，∵新抛物线的顶点M在△ABC内，∴1+n＜4，且n＞0，解得0＜n＜3，即n的取值范围为0＜n＜3；（3）当点P在y轴负半轴上时，如图1，过P作PD⊥AC，交AC的延长线于点D，由题意可知OB=OC=5，∴∠CBA=45°，∴∠PAD=∠OPA+∠OCA=∠CBA=45°，∴AD=PD，在Rt△OAC中，OA=3，OC=5，可求得AC=，设PD=AD=m，则CD=AC+AD=+m，∵∠ACO=∠PCD，∠COA=∠PDC，∴△COA∽△CDP，∴==，即==，由=可求得m=，∴=，解得PC=17；可求得PO=PC﹣OC=17﹣5=12，如图2，在y轴正半轴上截取OP′=OP=12，连接AP′，则∠OP′A=∠OPA，∴∠OP′A+∠OCA=∠OPA+∠OCA=∠CBA，∴P′也满足题目条件，此时P′C=OP′﹣OC=12﹣5=7，综上可知PC的长为7或17．2016年广西南宁市中考数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题（本大题共12小题，每小题3分，共36分）1．(2016·广西南宁)﹣2的相反数是（）A．﹣2 B．0 C．2 D．4【考点】相反数．【分析】根据只有符号不同的两个数叫做互为相反数解答．【解答】解：﹣2的相反数是2．故选C．【点评】本题考查了相反数的定义，是基础题，熟记概念是解题的关键．2．(2016·广西南宁)把一个正六棱柱如图1摆放，光线由上向下照射此正六棱柱时的正投影是（）A．B．C．D．【考点】平行投影．【分析】根据平行投影特点以及图中正六棱柱的摆放位置即可求解．【解答】解：把一个正六棱柱如图摆放，光线由上向下照射此正六棱柱时的正投影是正六边形．故选A．【点评】本题考查了平行投影特点，不同位置，不同时间，影子的大小、形状可能不同，具体形状应按照物体的外形即光线情况而定．3．(2016·广西南宁)据《南国早报》报道：2016年广西高考报名人数约为332000人，创历史新高，其中数据332000用科学记数法表示为（）A．0.332×106B．3.32×105C．3.32×104D．33.2×104【考点】科学记数法—表示较大的数．【分析】科学记数法的表示形式为a×10n的形式，其中1≤|a|＜10，n为整数．确定n的值时，要看把原数变成a时，小数点移动了多少位，n的绝对值与小数点移动的位数相同．当原数绝对值＞1时，n是正数；当原数的绝对值＜1时，n是负数．【解答】解：将332000用科学记数法表示为：3.32×105．故选：B．【点评】此题考查了科学记数法的表示方法．科学记数法的表示形式为a×10n的形式，其中1≤|a|＜10，n为整数，表示时关键要正确确定a的值以及n的值．4．(2016·广西南宁)已知正比例函数y=3x的图象经过点（1，m），则m的值为（）A．B．3 C．﹣D．﹣3【考点】一次函数图象上点的坐标特征．【分析】本题较为简单，把坐标代入解析式即可求出m的值．【解答】解：把点（1，m）代入y=3x，可得：m=3，故选B【点评】此题考查一次函数的问题，利用待定系数法直接代入求出未知系数m，比较简单．5．(2016·广西南宁)某校规定学生的学期数学成绩满分为100分，其中研究性学习成绩占40%，期末卷面成绩占60%，小明的两项成绩（百分制）依次是80分，90分，则小明这学期的数学成绩是（）A．80分B．82分C．84分D．86分【考点】加权平均数．【分析】利用加权平均数的公式直接计算即可得出答案．【解答】解：由加权平均数的公式可知===86，故选D．【点评】本题主要考查加权平均数的计算，掌握加权平均数的公式=是解题的关键．6．(2016·广西南宁)如图，厂房屋顶人字形（等腰三角形）钢架的跨度BC=10米，∠B=36°，则中柱AD（D为底边中点）的长是（）A．5sin36°米B．5cos36°米C．5tan36°米D．10tan36°米【考点】解直角三角形的应用．【分析】根据等腰三角形的性质得到DC=BD=5米，在Rt△ABD中，利用∠B的正切进行计算即可得到AD的长度．【解答】解：∵AB=AC，AD⊥BC，BC=10米，∴DC=BD=5米，在Rt△ADC中，∠B=36°，∴tan36°=，即AD=BD•tan36°=5tan36°（米）．故选：C．【点评】本题考查了解直角三角形的应用．解决此问题的关键在于正确理解题意的基础上建立数学模型，把实际问题转化为数学问题．7．(2016·广西南宁)下列运算正确的是（）A．a2﹣a=a B．ax+ay=axy C．m2•m4=m6D．（y3）2=y5【考点】幂的乘方与积的乘方；合并同类项；同底数幂的乘法．【分析】结合选项分别进行幂的乘方与积的乘方、合并同类项、同底数幂的乘法等运算，然后选择正确答案．【解答】解：A、a2和a不是同类项，不能合并，故本选项错误；B、ax和ay不是同类项，不能合并，故本选项错误；C、m2•m4=m6，计算正确，故本选项正确；D、（y3）2=y6≠y5，故本选项错误．故选C．【点评】本题考查了幂的乘方与积的乘方、合并同类项、同底数幂的乘法的知识，解答本题的关键在于掌握各知识点的运算法则．8．(2016·广西南宁)下列各曲线中表示y是x的函数的是（）A．B．C．D．【考点】函数的概念．【分析】根据函数的意义求解即可求出答案．【解答】解：根据函数的意义可知：对于自变量x的任何值，y都有唯一的值与之相对应，故D正确．故选D．【点评】主要考查了函数的定义．注意函数的意义反映在图象上简单的判断方法是：做垂直x轴的直线在左右平移的过程中与函数图象只会有一个交点．9．(2016·广西南宁)如图，点A，B，C，P在⊙O上，CD⊥OA，CE⊥OB，垂足分别为D，E，∠DCE=40°，则∠P的度数为（）A．140° B．70° C．60° D．40°【考点】圆周角定理．【分析】先根据四边形内角和定理求出∠DOE的度数，再由圆周角定理即可得出结论．【解答】解：∵CD⊥OA，CE⊥OB，垂足分别为D，E，∠DCE=40°，∴∠DOE=180°﹣40°=140°，∴∠P=∠DOE=70°．故选B．【点评】本题考查的是圆周角定理，熟知在同圆或等圆中，同弧或等弧所对的圆周角相等，都等于这条弧所对的圆心角的一半是解答此题的关键．10．(2016·广西南宁)超市店庆促销，某种书包原价每个x元，第一次降价打“八折”，第二次降价每个又减10元，经两次降价后售价为90元，则得到方程（）A．0.8x﹣10=90 B．0.08x﹣10=90 C．90﹣0.8x=10 D．x﹣0.8x﹣10=90【考点】由实际问题抽象出一元一次方程．【分析】设某种书包原价每个x元，根据题意列出方程解答即可．【解答】解：设某种书包原价每个x元，可得：0.8x﹣10=90，故选A【点评】本题考查一元一次方程，解题的关键是明确题意，能列出每次降价后的售价．11．(2016·广西南宁)有3个正方形如图所示放置，阴影部分的面积依次记为S1，S2，则S1：S2等于（）A．1：B．1：2 C．2：3 D．4：9【考点】正方形的性质．【分析】设小正方形的边长为x，再根据相似的性质求出S1、S2与正方形面积的关系，然后进行计算即可得出答案．【解答】解：设小正方形的边长为x，根据图形可得：∵=，∴=，∴=，∴S1=S，正方形ABCD∴S1=x2，∵=，∴=，∴S2=S，正方形ABCD∴S2=x2，∴S1：S2=x2：x2=4：9；故选D．【点评】此题考查了正方形的性质，用到的知识点是正方形的性质、相似三角形的性质、正方形的面积公式，关键是根据题意求出S1、S2与正方形面积的关系．12．(2016·广西南宁)二次函数y=ax2+bx+c（a≠0）和正比例函数y=x的图象如图所示，则方程ax2+（b﹣）x+c=0（a≠0）的两根之和（）A．大于0 B．等于0 C．小于0 D．不能确定【考点】抛物线与x轴的交点．【分析】设ax2+bx+c=0（a≠0）的两根为x1，x2，由二次函数的图象可知x1+x2＞0，a＞0，设方程ax2+（b﹣）x+c=0（a≠0）的两根为a，b再根据根与系数的关系即可得出结论．【解答】解：设ax2+bx+c=0（a≠0）的两根为x1，x2，∵由二次函数的图象可知x1+x2＞0，a＞0，∴﹣＞0．设方程ax2+（b﹣）x+c=0（a≠0）的两根为a，b，则a+b=﹣=﹣+，∵a＞0，∴＞0，∴a+b＞0．故选C．【点评】本题考查的是抛物线与x轴的交点，熟知抛物线与x轴的交点与一元二次方程根的关系是解答此题的关键．二、填空题（本大题共6小题，每小题3分，共18分）13．(2016·广西南宁)若二次根式有意义，则x的取值范围是x≥1．【考点】二次根式有意义的条件．【分析】根据二次根式的性质可知，被开方数大于等于0，列出不等式即可求出x的取值范围．【解答】解：根据二次根式有意义的条件，x﹣1≥0，∴x≥1．故答案为：x≥1．【点评】此题考查了二次根式有意义的条件，只要保证被开方数为非负数即可．14．(2016·广西南宁)如图，平行线AB，CD被直线AE所截，∠1=50°，则∠A=50°．【考点】平行线的性质．【分析】根据两直线平行，同位角相等可得∠1=∠A．【解答】解：∵AB∥CD，∴∠A=∠1，∵∠1=50°，∴∠A=50°，故答案为50°．【点评】本题主要考查了平行线的性质，解题的关键是掌握两直线平行，同位角相等．15．(2016·广西南宁)分解因式：a2﹣9=（a+3）（a﹣3）．【考点】因式分解-运用公式法．【分析】直接利用平方差公式分解因式进而得出答案．【解答】解：a2﹣9=（a+3）（a﹣3）．故答案为：（a+3）（a﹣3）．【点评】此题主要考查了公式法分解因式，熟练应用平方差公式是解题关键．16．(2016·广西南宁)如图，在4×4正方形网格中，有3个小正方形已经涂黑，若再涂黑任意一个白色的小正方形如图所示，反比例函数y=（k≠0，x＞0）的图象经过矩形OABC的对角线AC的中点D．若矩形OABC的面积为8，则k的值为2．【考点】反比例函数系数k的几何意义．【分析】过D作DE⊥OA于E，设D（m，），于是得到OA=2m，OC=，根据矩形的面积列方程即可得到结论．【解答】解：过D作DE⊥OA于E，设D（m，），∴OE=m．DE=，∵点D是矩形OABC的对角线AC的中点，∴OA=2m，OC=，∵矩形OABC的面积为8，∴OA•OC=2m•=8，∴k=2，故答案为：2．【点评】本题考查了反比例函数系数k的几何意义，矩形的性质，根据矩形的面积列出方程是解题的关键．18．(2016·广西南宁)观察下列等式：在上述数字宝塔中，从上往下数，2016在第44层．【考点】规律型：数字的变化类．【分析】先按图示规律计算出每一层的第一个数和最后一个数；发现第一个数分别是每一层层数的平方，那么只要知道2016介于哪两个数的平方即可，通过计算可知：442＜2016＜452，则2016在第44层．【解答】解：第一层：第一个数为12=1，最后一个数为22﹣1=3，第二层：第一个数为22=4，最后一个数为23﹣1=8，第三层：第一个数为32=9，最后一个数为24﹣1=15，∵442=1936，452=2025，又∵1936＜2016＜2025，∴在上述数字宝塔中，从上往下数，2016在第44层，故答案为：44【点评】本题考查了数学变化类的规律题，这类题的解题思路是：①从第一个数起，认真观察、仔细思考，能不能用平方或奇偶或加、减、乘、除等规律来表示；②利用方程来解决问题，先设一个未知数，找到符合条件的方程即可；本题以每一行的第一个数为突破口，找出其规律，得出结论．三、解答题（本大题共8小题，共66分）19．(2016·广西南宁)计算：|﹣2|+4cos30°﹣（）﹣3+．【考点】实数的运算；负整数指数幂；特殊角的三角函数值．【分析】直接利用绝对值的性质以及特殊角的三角函数值、负整数指数幂的性质、二次根式的性质化简，进而求出答案．【解答】解：原式=2+4×﹣8+2=4﹣6．【点评】此题主要考查了实数运算，正确利用负整数指数幂的性质化简是解题关键．20．(2016·广西南宁)解不等式组，并把解集在数轴上表示出来．【考点】解一元一次不等式组；在数轴上表示不等式的解集．【分析】首先解每个不等式，两个不等式的解集的公共部分就是不等式组的解集．【解答】解：，解①得x≤1，解②得x＞﹣3，，不等式组的解集是：﹣3＜x≤1．【点评】本题考查了一元一次不等式组的解法：解一元一次不等式组时，一般先求出其中各不等式的解集，再求出这些解集的公共部分，解集的规律：同大取大；同小取小；大小小大中间找；大大小小找不到．21．(2016·广西南宁)如图，在平面直角坐标系中，已知△ABC三个顶点的坐标分别是A （2，2），B（4，0），C（4，﹣4）（1）请画出△ABC向左平移6个单位长度后得到的△A1B1C1；（2）以点O为位似中心，将△ABC缩小为原来的，得到△A2B2C2，请在y轴右侧画出△A2B2C2，并求出∠A2C2B2的正弦值．【考点】作图-位似变换；作图-平移变换．【分析】（1）将A、B、C三点分别向左平移6个单位即可得到的△A1B1C1；（2）连接OA、OC，分别取OA、OB、OC的中点即可画出△A2B2C2，求出直线AC与OB 的交点，求出∠ACB的正弦值即可解决问题．【解答】解：（1）请画出△ABC向左平移6个单位长度后得到的△A1B1C1，如图1所示，（2）以点O为位似中心，将△ABC缩小为原来的，得到△A2B2C2，请在y轴右侧画出△A2B2C2，如图2所示，∵A（2，2），C（4，﹣4），B（4，0），∴直线AC解析式为y=﹣3x+8，与x轴交于点D（，0），∵∠CBD=90°，∴CD==，∴sin∠DCB===．∵∠A2C2B2=∠ACB，∴sin∠A2C2B2=sin∠DCB=．【点评】本题考查位似变换、平移变换等知识，锐角三角函数等知识，解题的关键是理解位似变换、平移变换的概念，记住锐角三角函数的定义，属于中考常考题型．22．(2016·广西南宁)在图“书香八桂，阅读圆梦”读数活动中，某中学设置了书法、国学、诵读、演讲、征文四个比赛项目（2016•南宁）如图，在Rt△ABC中，∠C=90°，BD是角平分线，点O在AB上，以点O为圆心，OB为半径的圆经过点D，交BC于点E．（1）求证：AC是⊙O的切线；（2）若OB=10，CD=8，求BE的长．【考点】切线的判定．【专题】计算题；与圆有关的位置关系．【分析】（1）连接OD，由BD为角平分线得到一对角相等，根据OB=OD，等边对等角得到一对角相等，等量代换得到一对内错角相等，进而确定出OD与BC平行，利用两直线平行同位角相等得到∠ODA为直径，即可得证；（2）由OD与BC平行得到三角形OAD与三角形BAC相似，由相似得比例求出OA的长，进而确定出AB的长，连接EF，过O作OG垂直于BC，利用勾股定理求出BG的长，由BG+GC求出BC的长，再由三角形BEF与三角形BAC相似，由相似得比例求出BE的长即可．【解答】（1）证明：连接OD，∵BD为∠ABC平分线，∴∠1=∠2，∵OB=OD，∴∠1=∠3，∴∠2=∠3，∴OD∥BC，∵∠C=90°，∴∠ODA=90°，则AC为圆O的切线；（2）解：过O作OG⊥BC，∴四边形ODCG为矩形，∴GC=OD=OB=10，OG=CD=8，在Rt△OBG中，利用勾股定理得：BG=6，∴BC=BG+GC=6+10=16，∵OD∥BC，∴△AOD∽△ABC，∴=，即=，解得：OA=，∴AB=+10=，连接EF，∵BF为圆的直径，∴∠BEF=90°，∴∠BEF=∠C=90°，∴EF∥AC，∴=，即=，解得：BE=12．【点评】此题考查了切线的判定，相似三角形的判定与性质，平行线的判定与性质，以及等腰三角形的性质，熟练掌握切线的判定方法是解本题的关键．24．(2016·广西南宁)在南宁市地铁1号线某段工程建设中，甲队单独完成这项工程需要150天，甲队单独施工30天后增加乙队，两队又共同工作了15天，共完成总工程的．（1）求乙队单独完成这项工程需要多少天？（2）为了加快工程进度，甲、乙两队各自提高工作效率，提高后乙队的工作效率是，甲队的工作效率是乙队的m倍（1≤m≤2），若两队合作40天完成剩余的工程，请写出a关于m的函数关系式，并求出乙队的最大工作效率是原来的几倍？【考点】一次函数的应用；分式方程的应用．【分析】（1）设乙队单独完成这项工程需要x天，根据题意得方程即可得到结论；（2）根据题意得（+）×40=，即可得到a=60m+60，根据一次函数的性质得到=，即可得到结论．【解答】解：（1）设乙队单独完成这项工程需要x天，根据题意得×（30+15）+×15=，解得：x=450，经检验x=450是方程的根，答：乙队单独完成这项工程需要450天；（2）根据题意得（+）×40=，∴a=60m+60，∵60＞0，∴a随m的增大增大，∴当m=1时，最大，∴=，∴÷=7.5倍，答：乙队的最大工作效率是原来的7.5倍【点评】此题考查了一次函数的实际应用．分式方程的应用，解题的关键是理解题意，能根据题意求得函数解析式，注意数形结合与方程思想的应用．。
怀化市初中毕业学业水平考试试卷
怀化市初中毕业学业水平考试试卷英语Ⅰ.听力技能（三个部分，共20小题，计20分）第一节根据所听内容，选择相应的图画（共5小题，每小题1分）第二节听对话，然后选择正确答案（共10小题，每小题1分）听下面五段对话，根据每段对话回答所提的问题。
6. What color is Nancy’s bike?A. Yellow. B Red. C. Green7. Who isn’t there?A. Jack.B. Tony.C. Jim.8. How long has the film been on?A. For 12 minutes.B. For 20 minutes.C. For half an hour.9. Why did Tom look unhappy?A. Because he was illB. Because he tailed his physics testC. Because he argued with his best friend.10. Where are they probably going this afternoon?A. A clothing store.B. A book store.C. A post office.听下面的对话，回答11—12小题11. Where did Kate spend her holidays？A. On the beach.B. At home.C. In the mountains.12. Why did John stay at home?A. It was too hot.B. He was busy.C. It was cold and rainy.听下面的对话，回答第13—15小题13. What's the relationship(关系)between Lily and Lucy?A. Friends.B. Twin sisters.C. Classmates.14. What does Lily look like?A. She has straight hai r.B. She has short hair.C. She has long hair.15. Who is more easygoing. Lily or Lucy.'A. Lucy.B. Lily.C. 1 don’t know.第三节听下面一段材料，将16至第20小题的信息补充完整，每小题不超过三个单词。
【精编】2016年湖南省怀化市中考英语试卷及解析
2016年湖南省怀化市中考英语试卷Ⅰ.听力技能（两个部分，共5小题，满分5分，每小题1分）第一节对话理解听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置．（共5小题，每小题1分）1．（1分）What does Betty's sister look like？2．（1分）What time does Tom usually get up？3．（1分）How often does Peter use the Internet？A．Once a week．B．Twice a month．C．Twice a week．4．（1分）Whose pencil is this？A．It's Lucy's．B．It's Mary's．C．It's Tony's．5．（1分）When was the computer invented？A．In 1961．B．In 1970．C．In 1971．第二节听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置．（共5小题，每小题2分）6．（2分）听第6段材料，回答第6至7题．6．What's Anna's favorite subject？A．P．E．．B．Art．C．Music．7．Why does Sam like P．E．？A．Because it's relaxing．B．Because it's fun．C．Because it's exciting．8．（2分）听第7段材料，回答第8至9题．8．What was Dave's father doing when the rainstorm came？A．Reading．B．Eating．C．Watching TV．9．Who was playing games？A．Dave's father．B．Dave's sister．C．Dave．10．（3分）听第8段材料，回答第10至12题．10．What day is it today？A．Friday．B．Saturday．C．Sunday．11．Why does Jack like Saturdays？A．Because he has no homework．B．Because he can go to the parkC．Because he can watch sports on TV．12．What does Jack's mother ask him to do first？A．Watch the match．B．Do his homework．C．Clean the room．13．（4分）听第9段材料，回答第13至16题．13．Where does this dialogue happen？A．On the phone．B．At the doctor's．C．In the shop．14．What's wrong with the young man？A．He has sore eyes．B．He has a sore back．C．He has a headache．15．How long has the young man been like this？A．For two days．B．Since last night．C．Since last week．16．What should the young man do？A．He can still watch the phones too often．B．He should read less．C．He should do more eye exercises．17．（4分）听第10段材料，回答第17至20题．17．Bill's sister is．A．a teacherB．a nurseC．a student18．Why can't Sally go with her family？A．She wants to stay at home．B．She wants to see her friends．C．She is busy．19．Where will his mother go？A．France．B．India．C．England．20．How long will Bill and his father stay in Beijing？A．Seven days．B．Six days．C．Five days．Ⅱ.知识运用（两个部分，共10小题，满分10分）第一节单项填空从A、B、C 三个选项中选择正确的答案填空．（共10小题，每小题1分）、21．（1分）﹣Does your mother go to work by bike every day？﹣No．She sometimes takes bus．（）A．a B．an C．/22．（1分）﹣Tina，is this your dictionary？﹣No．is at home．（）A．My B．Mine C．Yours23．（1分）My brother joined the school basketball team August 1st last year．（）A．in B．on C．at24．（1分）﹣Mum，I'm hungry．May I have some ？﹣Sure．But don't eat too much．（）A．hamburgers B．milks C．cake25．（1分）﹣Which city is beautiful，Hangzhou，Beijing or Shanghai？﹣Hangzhou，I think．（）A．the most B．the better C．more26．（1分）During the May Day holiday，visitors came to Zhijiang to visit the Memorial Hall of Flying Tigers．（）A．thousand of B．thousands C．thousands of27．（1分）﹣May I speak to Mr．Smith？﹣Sorry，he isn't in．He Changsha．（）A．has been to B．has gone to C．went to28．（1分）Sixteen﹣year﹣olds should not to drive．（）A．allowing B．be allowed C．allow29．（1分）nice weather today!Let's go hiking．（）A．How B．What a C．What30．（1分）﹣Excuse me，could you tell me ？﹣Go along the street．It's on your right．（）A．where the bank is B．where is the bankC．where was the bank第二节完形填空通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答案．（共1小题，每小题10分）31．（10分）Surprise plays an important role in our lives．Last term my classmates and I gave our teacher a big （31）．Our teacher had a bad （32）and coughed a lot．She could hardly speak a sentence．Looked at her pale （苍白的）face，we （33）the warmth she always gave us．So we decided to do （34）for her．Since Christmas was coming at that time，we planned a surprise for her．I made a postcard and wrote．"1 hope you get （35）soon．"During class break，there were some other things on her desk，like candies and cakes．They all came from my classmates．A note was also lying there saying．"Take care，our （36）teacher．"My classmates and I hid where our teacher couldn't （37）us，waiting for her appearance （出现）．Finally，our teacher came．Seeing the presents on her desk，she smiled．（38）we were not right by her side，we could feel her happiness．Tears （眼泪）ran down her face．And when she looked up again，in front of （39）were three shining faces smiling back at her．"Thank you!"She whispered （低声的说），holding our hands tightly （紧紧地）．Every one of us （40）needs help．And to me．the best thing to do is surprise them and cheer them up．31．A．box B．cup C．surprise32．A．cold B．toothache C．stomachache33．A．looked forward to B．looked for C．thought about 34．A．something B．anything C．nothing35．A．fatter B．worse C．better36．A．unfriendly B．lovely C．lazy37．A．see B．call C．ask38．A．And B．But C．Though39．A．her B．them C．him40．A．hardly B．sometimes C．neverⅢ.阅读技能（两个部分，共4小题，满分30分）第一节阅读选择阅读短文或图表，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子. 41．（6分）41．Who wrote the Peter Pan？A．J．M Barrie．B．Wu Cheng'en．C．Hodgson Burnett．42．If you buy the Journey to the West and the Peter Pan in bookstores，you have to pay．A．¥15B．¥20C．¥3543．We can know from the passage that．A．we can buy the Peter Pan onlineB．the Journey to the West is a children's story full of adventureC．the Journey to the West is¥2 cheaper online than in bookstores．44．（8分）One day，my grandpa went fishing and let me come with him．He handed me the rod （鱼竿）and taught me how to throw my line into the water．The sun warmed us．We sat and talked．"I remember when I could sit here and watch the fish swimming in the water，"he said．"Sometimes，they'd jump out and land beside me．I didn't even need a fishing rod then．""We have to be patient，"he continued．"The fish may come or may not．It doesn't matter．We are out in the sun．It's a beautiful day．If it rained，we couldn't be here．We're lucky to have the warmth of the sun．"He leaned（依靠）back against a tree．"Yes，it's a great day，"he said．I watched our bobbers（浮子）．No fish pulled them under the water that day．It didn't matter．I was with Grandpa．I felt grown up．Just being with him was special．He was well liked by everyone．He had worked hard all his life for what little he had，but he could still find time to laugh．I wanted to be like him when I grew up．He was an amazing man．In the short time we had together，he taught me many things：how to fish，the value of a good laugh，the value of a good friend，respect （尊重）for my elders and the importance of working hard and loving harder．This list is long．44．How was the weather on that day？．A．Rainy．B．Cloudy．C．Sunny．45．After fishing with Grandpa，the writer．A．enjoyed the time with himB．didn't want to fish with him againC．felt disappointed for not catching any fish46．From the story，we learn that Grandpa．A．was a cheerful personB．didn't like to fish at allC．didn't get on with others47．What does the story mainly tell us？．A．Poor people often have a rich heart．B．We should keep a good heart and enjoy life．C．Fishing is good for people's minds．48．（8分）In 1959，When Jean Harper was in the third grade，her teacher asked the class to write a report on what they wanted to be when they grew up．Jean's father was a crop duster（农作物喷粉作业）pilot on a farm，so Jean was very interested in planes and flying．She wrote about her dream to become an airline pilot．Her paper came back with an"F"on it．The teacher told her this was a"fairytale（童话）．"and it wasn't a job for a woman．Jean experienced years of hurt and fear because of this discouragement（气馁）until she met her English teacher Mrs．Dorothy Slaton in senior high school．Mrs．Slaton said to Jean's class．"You have the abilities and talents．If you don't go after（追求）your dreams after you leave school，no one will do it for you．" Jean felt a rush of her old enthusiasm （热情），and with excitement，she toldMrs．Slaton all about her old dreams．The teacher said．"Then do it!"So Jean did．It took her 10years of hard work．But in 1978，she became one of the first three women pilot trainers ever accepted by United Airlines（航空公司）and one of only 50women airline pilot in the country at the time．Some years later，Jean Harper became a Boeing 737captain （机长）for United Airline．48．When Jean was young，her dream was．A．to be a crop duster pilotB．to fix planesC．to be an airline pilot49．Jean spent years in becoming an airline pilot．A．fifteenB．thirteenC．ten50．What did Mrs．Slaton mean when she talked to the class？A．Everyone should go after his or her dream．B．Everyone should have a dream after they leave school．C．Everyone should do good things to help people's dreams．51．What can we learn from this story？A．A woman can not be a pilot．B．If you have a dream，work hard for il．C．Jean's dream didn't come true at last．52．（8分）Tu Youyou，William Campbell and Satoshi Omura are three scientists from different countries．They have won the 2015Nobel Prize in medicine．On December 30.1930．Tu Youyou was bom in Ningbo，Zhejiang，China．From 1951to 1955，she studied in Peking University Medical School．Later Tu was trained for two and a half years in traditional Chinese medicine．Sweet wormwood （青蒿）is a common plant in China．But it has the power to cure the deadly disease called malaria （疟疾）．Tu started her malaria research in China in the 1960s、and 1970s．She discovered"Qing﹣hao﹣su"in 1971．It is a great health improvement（改进）for people in developing countries in south Asia，Africa，and South America．Tu got several medicine awards（奖项）in the past．On October 5，2015，she was awarded the 2015Nobel Prize in Physiology（生理学）or Medicine．She is the first Chinese scientist to win a Nobel Prize．52．Who won the 2015Nobel Prize in medicine？A．Tu Youyou．B．William Campbell and Satoshi Omura．C．Both A and B．53．Where was Tu Youyou born？A．Ningbo．B．Hangzhou．C．Shaoxing．54．The underline word"cure"in the passage means．A．治疗B．治理C．诊断55．Which of the following is true according to the passage？A．Tu Youyou is 81years old．B．"Qing﹣hao﹣su"is useful in people's health．C．Tu studied in Peking University for two and a half years．第二节阅读表达阅读下面的材料，然后根据材料内容回答所提的问题．（共1小题，每小题10分）56．（10分）Yao Ming，Wang Zhizhi and Yi Jianlian…these are the great Chinese basketball players who have played in the NBA，but there are not very many others．Well now，one young Chinese man is knocking on the door of the world's most popular basketball league（联赛）．His name is Zhou Qi．Zhou，20，entered the NBA draft （选秀）in April，2016．Every year，the 30 NBA teams pick skilled young players from around the world during the draft．So if Zhou is lucky，he could play in the NBA soon．Zhou has long arms and quick feet．He is good at making long﹣range shots （远射）．Although he is young，he is calm on the court （球场）．But his problem is he's too thin．Zhou is 2.18meters tall，but he only weighs 95kg．He doesn't seem strong enough to play against those big NBA players．But who knows？Zhou is still young and has a lot of room to improve．The bigger stage （舞台）of the NBA is waiting for him，and his future is bright．56．Where does Zhou come from？57．When did Zhou enter the NBA draft？58．What's the problem of Zhou？59．Does Zhou do well in making long﹣range shots？60．What do you think of Zhou's future？．Ⅳ.写作技能（五个部分，满分5分）第一节综合填空阅读下面材料，用不多于1个单词的正确形式填空．（共1小题，每小题5分）61．（5分）Mary is a book lover．She could read by （61）（her）at the age of four．Last year，she decided to try out for a volunteer after﹣school reading program．She still works there once a week to help kids learn to read．"The kids are （62）（sit）in the library，but you can see in their （63）（eye）that they're going on a （64）（differently）journey with each newbook．Volunteering here is a dream come true for me．I can do what I love to do （65）help others at the same time．"第二节补全对话根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项．（共1小题，每小题5分）66．（5分）[Bob and his mother are visiting the security education show（安全教育展）] M：Bob，come here．There are many pictures．B：（66）．M：About traffic safety．B：Uh﹣huh．It seems boring．M：Oh．no．（67）．B：Maybe，right．Mum，look at this picture，A girl is hit by a car when she is running across the street．（68）．M：So it is!B：（69）That can help us keep safe．M：Yes．Let's go to another hall．B：（70）．Let's go．A．How terrible!B．It's my pleasure．C．Good idea!D．What do you think of them？E．What are they about？F．It is educational to everyone．G．I think we must follow traffic rules．第三节英汉互译阅读下面的短文，将划线部分的句子译成汉语或英语．（共1小题，每小题10分）71．（10分）英汉互译，阅读下面的短文，将划线部分的句子译成汉语或英语．A rich man was trying to find his daughter a birthday gift when he saw a poor man with beautiful white horse．（71）He told the man that he would give him﹩500 for the horse．The poor man answered．"Sir，it doesn't look so good．"And he walked away．The next day the rich man came back．He would give the poor man﹩1，000 for the horse．The poor man said again，"Sir，it doesn't look so good．"（72）在第三天，the rich man took out $2，000 for the horse．He said he wouldn't take no for an answer．The poor man said OK．（73）Then the rich man took the horse home．（74）富人的女儿很喜欢这个礼物．She climbed onto the horse，but then the horse ran into a tree．It turned out that the horse was blind．The rich man ran to see the poor man．He asked for a reason．The poor man said，"I told you．（75）It doesn't look so good．"（71）（72）（73）（74）（75）．第四节规范书写照抄下列短文，注意书写规范，字迹清晰漂亮，卷面整洁．（满分5分）76．（5分）Do you often throw away things you don't need anymore？Have you everthought about how these things can actually be put to good use？Nothing is a waste if you have a creative mind．We should rethink，reuse，recycle!We should save the earth!（45words）．第五节情景作文（满分15分）77．（15分）亲爱的同学们，你们喜欢阅读吗？阅读能给我们带来快乐，获取知识，增长见识，但有一些同学占用了大部分业余时间去上网，玩游戏等．为此，怀化市各中小学开展"好书伴我成长"活动，倡议同学们多读书，读好书，让读书成为我们生活的一部分．请你根据活动主题并结合表格中所给的倌息，以"Growing up with good books"为题，用英语写一篇倡议书．注意：1）文中请勿使用真实人名、校名和地名；2）词数：80左右；3）内容应包含表格中的要点并可适当发挥；4）文章的开头已给出，但不计入总词数．Growing up with good booksMy dear friends，Reading is very important．．2016年湖南省怀化市中考英语试卷参考答案与试题解析Ⅰ.听力技能（两个部分，共5小题，满分5分，每小题1分）第一节对话理解听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置．（共5小题，每小题1分）1．（1分）What does Betty's sister look like？【解答】略2．（1分）What time does Tom usually get up？【解答】略3．（1分）How often does Peter use the Internet？A．Once a week．B．Twice a month．C．Twice a week．【解答】略4．（1分）Whose pencil is this？A．It's Lucy's．B．It's Mary's．C．It's Tony's．【解答】略5．（1分）When was the computer invented？A．In 1961．B．In 1970．C．In 1971．【解答】略第二节听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置．（共5小题，每小题2分）6．（2分）听第6段材料，回答第6至7题．6．What's Anna's favorite subject？A．P．E．．B．Art．C．Music．7．Why does Sam like P．E．？A．Because it's relaxing．B．Because it's fun．C．Because it's exciting．【解答】略8．（2分）听第7段材料，回答第8至9题．8．What was Dave's father doing when the rainstorm came？A．Reading．B．Eating．C．Watching TV．9．Who was playing games？A．Dave's father．B．Dave's sister．C．Dave．【解答】略10．（3分）听第8段材料，回答第10至12题．10．What day is it today？A．Friday．B．Saturday．C．Sunday．11．Why does Jack like Saturdays？A．Because he has no homework．B．Because he can go to the parkC．Because he can watch sports on TV．12．What does Jack's mother ask him to do first？A．Watch the match．B．Do his homework．C．Clean the room．【解答】略13．（4分）听第9段材料，回答第13至16题．13．Where does this dialogue happen？A．On the phone．B．At the doctor's．C．In the shop．14．What's wrong with the young man？A．He has sore eyes．B．He has a sore back．C．He has a headache．15．How long has the young man been like this？A．For two days．B．Since last night．C．Since last week．16．What should the young man do？A．He can still watch the phones too often．B．He should read less．C．He should do more eye exercises．【解答】略17．（4分）听第10段材料，回答第17至20题．17．Bill's sister is略．A．a teacherB．a nurseC．a student18．Why can't Sally go with her family？A．She wants to stay at home．B．She wants to see her friends．C．She is busy．19．Where will his mother go？A．France．B．India．C．England．20．How long will Bill and his father stay in Beijing？A．Seven days．B．Six days．C．Five days．【解答】略Ⅱ.知识运用（两个部分，共10小题，满分10分）第一节单项填空从A、B、C 三个选项中选择正确的答案填空．（共10小题，每小题1分）、21．（1分）﹣Does your mother go to work by bike every day？﹣No．She sometimes takes bus．（）A．a B．an C．/【解答】答案：A．根据语境by bike（乘自行车）是一类出行方式，故bus（单数名词）也应是一类出行方式，乘公交车的固定短语为：take a bus．所以答案为：A．22．（1分）﹣Tina，is this your dictionary？﹣No．is at home．（）A．My B．Mine C．Yours【解答】答案：B．根据语境your dictionary可这是问我的词典，故答语应为名词性物主代词mine（相当于my dictionary）做主语，故答案为B．23．（1分）My brother joined the school basketball team August 1st last year．（）A．in B．on C．at【解答】答案：B．根据时间"August 1st last year"可知句子中的时间状语是"去年8月1号"，这个时间具体到某一天，用介词on．at+时间点；in+年、月、季节等；on+具体的某一天或某一天的上午/下午/晚上．故选B．24．（1分）﹣Mum，I'm hungry．May I have some ？﹣Sure．But don't eat too much．（）A．hamburgers B．milks C．cake【解答】答案：C；hamburgers；汉堡包（hamburger的名词复数）；milk，牛奶，不可数名词；cake，蛋糕，可数名词单数形式；根据上句I'm hungry．推测下句句意：我可以吃些汉堡（蛋糕）吗？句子中的some可加可数名词，也可以加不可数名词，关键是根据回答的too much来判断上述提问的物体，much后加不可数名词，因此可以推知为cake；cake即可作可数名词也可做不可数名词；故选C．25．（1分）﹣Which city is beautiful，Hangzhou，Beijing or Shanghai？﹣Hangzhou，I think．（）A．the most B．the better C．more【解答】答案：A根据"Hangzhou，Beijing or Shanghai"可知，是要在三个城市中选出一个较漂亮的，三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用形容词最高级形式，故这里应该用beautiful的最高级形式most beautiful，形容词最高级前通常需加定冠词the，故答案为A26．（1分）During the May Day holiday，visitors came to Zhijiang to visit the Memorial Hall of Flying Tigers．（）A．thousand of B．thousands C．thousands of【解答】答案：C．根据句意"在五一假期期间，成千上万的游客来到芷江参观飞虎纪念馆．"thousand前面没有具体数词时，需要与of连用，且表示不具体、不准确的数目时，词尾须加﹣s．故选C．27．（1分）﹣May I speak to Mr．Smith？﹣Sorry，he isn't in．He Changsha．（）A．has been to B．has gone to C．went to【解答】答案：B根据设空处前面的Sorry，he isn't in推断断史密斯先生去了长沙并且没有回来．英语中用have/has gone to表示去了某地，还没回来．用have/has been to表示为"曾经去过某地"，现在已不在那里了，故答案为B．28．（1分）Sixteen﹣year﹣olds should not to drive．（）A．allowing B．be allowed C．allow【解答】答案：B．首先根据语境"十六岁的青少年不应该被允许开车．"，主语Sixteen﹣year﹣olds 是动作allow 的承受者，表示"被允许"，确定用被动语态，设空处前面有情态动词should，说明本题考查含有情态动词的被动语态，其构成是：主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分词．故答案为：B29．（1分）nice weather today!Let's go hiking．（）A．How B．What a C．What【解答】答案：C．根据nice weather today!可知这里考查了感叹句，本句的中心词是weather，它是一个不可数名词，nice是一个形容词，在这里修饰weather，根据What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!故选C．30．（1分）﹣Excuse me，could you tell me ？﹣Go along the street．It's on your right．（）A．where the bank is B．where is the bankC．where was the bank【解答】答案：A．根据Could you tell me，可知本句考查了宾语从句的用法．在宾语从句中所使用的语序应该是陈述句语序，选项BC是疑问句语序，排除掉．选项A是正常语序，符合宾语从句语序的要求，故选A．第二节完形填空通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答案．（共1小题，每小题10分）31．（10分）Surprise plays an important role in our lives．Last term my classmates and I gave our teacher a big （31）C．Our teacher had a bad （32）A and coughed a lot．She could hardly speak a sentence．Looked at her pale （苍白的）face，we （33）A the warmth she always gave us．So we decided to do （34）A for her．Since Christmas was coming at that time，we planned a surprise for her．I made a postcard and wrote．"1 hope you get （35）C soon．"During class break，there were some other things on her desk，like candies and cakes．They all came from my classmates．A note was also lying there saying．"Take care，our （36）B teacher．"My classmates and I hid where our teacher couldn't （37）A us，waiting for her appearance （出现）．Finally，our teacher came．Seeing the presents on her desk，she smiled．（38）C we were not right by her side，we could feel her happiness．Tears （眼泪）ran down her face．And when she looked up again，in front of （39）A were three shining faces smiling back at her．"Thank you!"She whispered （低声的说），holding our hands tightly （紧紧地）．Every one of us （40）B needs help．And to me．the best thing to do is surprise them and cheer them up．31．A．box B．cup C．surprise32．A．cold B．toothache C．stomachache33．A．looked forward to B．looked for C．thought about 34．A．something B．anything C．nothing35．A．fatter B．worse C．better36．A．unfriendly B．lovely C．lazy37．A．see B．call C．ask38．A．And B．But C．Though39．A．her B．them C．him40．A．hardly B．sometimes C．never【解答】31．C，考查名词，A．boxB．盒子cup杯子C．surprise惊讶，根据Surprise plays an important role in our lives惊讶在我们生活中扮演着重要的作用，可知后文谈论的也是惊讶，故选C．32．A，查动名词，A．cold 冷的；感冒B．toothache牙疼C．stomachache胃疼，根据后面的coughed a lot咳嗽很严重，可知老师感冒了，故选A．33．A，考查动词，．A．looked forward to 盼望B．looked for 寻找C．thought about 考虑，根据语境，老师感冒严重，结合the warmth she always gave us她总是给予我们的温暖，可知学生对老师的那种温暖是盼望的，故选A．34．A，考查不定代词，A．something 某事B．anything任何事C．nothing没什么事情，根据语境，可知学生想为老师做些事情，让老师振奋起来，故选A．35．C，考查形容词，A．fatter更远B．worse更差C．better更好，根据I made a postcard and wrote…我做了一个卡片，上面写着…，可知为老师做卡片，是希望老师尽快好转，卡片上的话是吉祥的语言，故选C．36．B，考查形容词，A．unfriendly 不友好的B．lovely可爱的C．lazy懒的，根据语境，可知学生是热爱他们的老师的，所以称呼老师为可爱的老师，故选B．37．A，考查动词，A．see看到B．call打电话C．ask问，根据My classmates and I hid 我和同学们都藏了起来，可知是为了不让老师看到，故选A．38．C，考查连词，A．And 和；又B．But但是C．him他，根据we could feel her happiness，我们仍能感受到她的幸福感，可知表达的是虽然看不到她的正面，但仍能感受到老师的幸福，考查的though虽然，故选C．39．A，考查代词，A．her 她的B．them他们C．him他，根据when she looked up again，当她再次抬头的时候，代词she推出说的是老师，故后面代词应该用her，故选A．40．B，考查副词，A．hardly几乎不B．sometimes有时C．never从不，根据语境可知，有时我们每个人都需要帮助，故选B．Ⅲ.阅读技能（两个部分，共4小题，满分30分）第一节阅读选择阅读短文或图表，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子. 41．（6分）41．Who wrote the Peter Pan？AA．J．M Barrie．B．Wu Cheng'en．C．Hodgson Burnett．42．If you buy the Journey to the West and the Peter Pan in bookstores，you have to pay C．A．¥15B．¥20C．¥3543．We can know from the passage that C．A．we can buy the Peter Pan onlineB．the Journey to the West is a children's story full of adventureC．the Journey to the West is¥2 cheaper online than in bookstores．【解答】41．答案A 细节理解题由文中♦Peter Pan Author （作者）：J．M Barrie 可知♦彼得潘作者：J．M 巴里，故选A42．答案C 细节理解题由文中♦Peter Pan¥15 （in bookstores）可知♦彼得潘¥15（书店）♦Journey to the West¥20 （in bookstores）♦西游记¥20（书店）20+15=35，故选C43．答案C 文章理解题由文中♦Journey to the West¥20 （in bookstores）¥18 （online）可知♦西游记¥20（书店）¥18（在线），在线比书店便宜2元，故选C44．（8分）One day，my grandpa went fishing and let me come with him．He handed me the rod （鱼竿）and taught me how to throw my line into the water．The sun warmed us．We sat and talked．"I remember when I could sit here and watch the fish swimming in the water，"he said．"Sometimes，they'd jump out and land beside me．I didn't even need a fishing rod then．""We have to be patient，"he continued．"The fish may come or may not．It doesn't matter．We are out in the sun．It's a beautiful day．If it rained，we couldn't be here．We're lucky to have the warmth of the sun．"He leaned（依靠）back against a tree．"Yes，it's a great day，"he said．I watched our bobbers（浮子）．No fish pulled them under the water that day．It didn't matter．I was with Grandpa．I felt grown up．Just being with him was special．He was well liked by everyone．He had worked hard all his life for what little he had，but he could still find time to laugh．I wanted to be like him when I grew up．He was an amazing man．In the short time we had together，he taught me many things：how to fish，the value of a good laugh，the value of a good friend，respect （尊重）for my elders and the importance of working hard and loving harder．This list is long．44．How was the weather on that day？C．A．Rainy．B．Cloudy．C．Sunny．45．After fishing with Grandpa，the writer A．A．enjoyed the time with himB．didn't want to fish with him againC．felt disappointed for not catching any fish46．From the story，we learn that Grandpa A．A．was a cheerful personB．didn't like to fish at allC．didn't get on with others47．What does the story mainly tell us？B．A．Poor people often have a rich heart．B．We should keep a good heart and enjoy life．C．Fishing is good for people's minds．【解答】44．答案：C 细节理解题题干的意思是"那天的天气怎么样？"根据短文中的We are out in the sun．It's a beautiful day．If it rained，we couldn't be here．We're lucky to have the warmth of the sun．"推断作者和爷爷一起去钓鱼那天天气晴朗，故选C．45．答案：A 推理判断题根据短文中的No fish pulled them under the water that day．It didn't matter．I was with Grandpa．I felt grown up．Just being with him was special．"那天并没有钓到鱼，不过这没关系，那天和爷爷在一起，我感到自己长大了．和爷爷在一起很特别"，可以推断那天和爷爷钓鱼后，作者很喜欢和爷爷在一起的时光，故选A．46．答案：A 推理判断题根据短文后面提到的He was well liked by everyone．He had worked hard all his life for what little he had，but he could still find time to laugh．I wanted to be like him when I grew up．"爷爷是一个受人爱戴的人，他一生努力工作，收获却很少，但他仍然能够找到时间开心大笑，当我长大了我想成为一个像他那样的人"可以推断爷爷是一个乐观的人，故选A．47．答案：B 主旨大意题短文通过和爷爷一起去钓鱼，对爷爷的言谈举止的描述，尤其是通过爷爷对钓鱼的态度﹣﹣钓不到鱼不重要，重要的是可以享受温暖的阳光，作者主要的目的是告诉我们"人应该保持好的心态，享受生活．"故选B．48．（8分）In 1959，When Jean Harper was in the third grade，her teacher asked the class to write a report on what they wanted to be when they grew up．Jean's father was a crop duster（农作物喷粉作业）pilot on a farm，so Jean was very interested in planes and flying．She wrote about her dream to become an airline pilot．Her paper came back with an"F"on it．The teacher told her this was a"fairytale（童话）．"and it wasn't a job for a woman．Jean experienced years of hurt and fear because of this discouragement（气馁）until she met her English teacher Mrs．Dorothy Slaton in senior high school．Mrs．Slaton said to Jean's class．"You have the abilities and talents．If you don't go after（追求）your dreams after you leave school，no one will do it for you．" Jean felt a rush of her old enthusiasm （热情），and with excitement，she told Mrs．Slaton all about her old dreams．The teacher said．"Then do it!"So Jean did．It took her 10years of hard work．But in 1978，she became one of the first three women pilot trainers ever accepted by United Airlines（航空公司）and one of only 50women airline pilot in the country at the time．Some years later，Jean Harper became a Boeing 737captain （机长）for United Airline．48．When Jean was young，her dream was C．A．to be a crop duster pilotB．to fix planesC．to be an airline pilot49．Jean spent C years in becoming an airline pilot．A．fifteenB．thirteenC．ten50．What did Mrs．Slaton mean when she talked to the class？AA．Everyone should go after his or her dream．B．Everyone should have a dream after they leave school．C．Everyone should do good things to help people's dreams．51．What can we learn from this story？BA．A woman can not be a pilot．B．If you have a dream，work hard for il．C．Jean's dream didn't come true at last．【解答】48．答案：C．细节理解题．根据She wrote about her dream to become an airline pilot．可知她的梦想是成为一名飞行员，故选C．49．答案：C．细节理解题．根据So Jean did．It took her 10years of hard work可知是奋斗了十年，故选C，50．答案：A．语句理解题．根据You have the abilities and talents．If you don't go after（追求）your dreams after you leave school，no one will do it for you你们每一个人的确都有足够的才能和天分，你们离开学校之后，如果自己不去追求梦想，那么，没有人会来帮你忙．是告诉我们每个人都应该追求梦想，故选A．51．答案：B．主旨大意题．根据If you don't go after（追求）your dreams after you leave school，no one will do it for you以及she told Mrs．Slaton all about her old。
2016年怀化市初中毕业会考学业考试化学试卷(含答案,Word版)
2016年怀化市初中毕业学业水平考试试卷化学温馨提示：（1）本学科试卷分试题卷和答题卷两部分，考试时量为90分钟，满分为100分。
（2）请你将姓名、准考证号等相关信息按要求填涂在答题卡上。
（3）请你按答题卡要求，在答题卡上作答，答在本试题卷上无效。
可能用到的相对原子质量：H:1 O:16 Na:23 S:32 Ca:40一、我能选择（每小题只有一个正确选项，每小题2分，共40分）1．下列物质变化属于化学变化的是A．酒精挥发B．水变成水蒸气C．潮湿的衣服被晒干了D．铁生锈2．下列物质中属于纯净物的是A．汽水B．液态氧C．水泥砂浆D．洁净的空气3．下列说法不正确的是A．空气的主要成分是氮气和氧气B．生活中可用煮沸的方法来降低水的硬度C．蛋白质的是人体所需的基本营养素之一D．随意丢弃废弃旧电池，不会造成环境污染4．蒸馒头时，在发酵面团中加入某种物质，既能除去面团中的酸又能使馒头松软，该物质是A．碳酸氢钠B．生石灰C．氢氧化钠D．氯化钠5．下列化学用语与含义相符的是A．3H——3个氢元素B．O——1个氧分子C．Na——1个钠原子D．Mg+2——1个镁离子6．下列有关氧气的说法，不正确的是A．用燃烧法来测定空气中氧气的含量，可燃物常用红磷B．氧气约占空气体积的21%C．用带火星的木条是否复燃来检验氧气D．鱼能在水中生活，证明氧气易溶于水7．下列实验操作中，正确的是水A．加热液体B．稀释浓硫酸C．量取液体D．过滤8．下列叙述不正确的是A．可用食醋除去热水瓶中的水垢B．在铁桶中较长时间配制硫酸铜溶液C．可用稀硫酸除去铁锈D．可用消石灰改良酸性土壤9．下列说法正确的是A．聚氯乙烯薄膜无毒，故可用于制食品包装袋B．食用加碘食盐可预防甲状腺肿大C．人体所需的能量全部由糖类和油脂提供，故不需摄入蛋白质D．微量元素对人体健康起着重要作用，故摄入量越多越好10．下列有关溶液的说法正确的是A．形成溶液的溶质都是固态物质B．饱和溶液的质量分数一定比不饱和溶液的质量分数大C．溶液具有均一性和稳定性D．所有物质溶于水形成溶液都要吸收热量11．家庭常用的某种消毒液中的主要成分是次氯酸钠（NaClO），次氯酸钠中氯元素的化合价是A．﹣1 B．+1 C．+3 D．+512．分类是学习化学的方法之一，下列物质按混合物、碱、氧化物的顺序排列的是A．空气、氢氧化钠、水B．液氧、纯碱、空气C．生铁、石油、干冰D．矿泉水、熟石灰、高锰酸钾13．下列各组常见物质的区别方法中，不能达到实验目的是A．羊毛纤维和合成纤维（点燃，再闻气味）B．蒸馏水与食盐水（看颜色）C．稀盐酸与氢氧化钠溶液（加酚酞试液，看颜色）D．白酒和食醋（闻气味）14．水是人类不可缺少的宝贵资源。
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2016年怀化市初中学业水平考试样卷英语温馨提示1.本试卷分试题卷和答题卡两部分。
试题卷中听力材料将以中速朗读两遍。
2.全部答案必须按要求写在答题卡上。
3.选择题符合题意的答案只有1个。
不选、多选、错选的，均不给分。
4.本试卷共76小题，满分120分；全部试卷共10页，其中试题卷8页，答题卡2页。
100分钟完卷。
完卷后，答题卷和试题卡分别交回。
答题卡按要求密封装订成册。
G o o d l u c k !I．听力技能（两个部分，共20小题，计20分）第一节(共5小题; 每小题1分, 满分5分)对话理解。
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What color does Jim like?A. Red.B. Blue.C. Yellow.2. How does Bob often go to school?A. By bike.B. On foot.C. By bus.3. What does Lingling want to see?A. Pandas.B. Elephants.C. Monkeys.4. How much is Lucy’s sweater?A. 60 yuan.B. 50 yuan.C. 40 yuan.5. When is Linda’s birthday?A. On January 14th.B. On March 14th.C. On May 14th.第二节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. Why was Lily late for school？A. Because she got up late.B. Because she was ill.C. Because the bus was late.7. When did the school start？A. At 8:00.B. At 8:00.C. At 8:30.听第7段材料, 回答第8至9题。
8. Where did Jack go last Saturday?A. He went to the zoo.B. He went to the park.C. He went to thelibrary.9. Who did Jack go with?A. His sister.B. His friends.C. His parents.听第8段材料, 回答第10至12题。
10. Where is the hotel?A. In front of the post office.B. Behind the post office.C. In front of the pay phone.11. How far is it?A. It’s about 4 hundred meters.B. It’s about 5 hundred meters.C. It’s about 7 hundred meters.12. What can we learn from the dialogue?A. The woman is a stranger.B. The woman knows the city well.C. The woman wants to go to the post office.听第9段材料, 回答第13至16题。
13. What does Jim often get from his parents?A. Used books.B. Some drinks.C. Pocket money.14. Where does Jim often buy books?A. In the bookstores.B. In the supermarkets.C. On the Internet.15. How does Jim go to school when it rains?A. On foot.B. By bike.C. By bus.16. What does the speaker think of Jim?A. Poor.B. Good.C. Silly.听第10段材料, 回答第17至20题。
17. Whose photo is this?A. Peter’s.B. Mike’s.C. Tim’s.18. What’s Father like?A. He is tall.B. He has big eyes.C. He is handsome.19. We can know that ________.A. Mother has short hair.B. Mother is friendly.C. Mother looks old.20. How many people are there in this family?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.II.知识运用( 两个部分，共20小题，计20分)第一节单项填空从A、B、C三个选项中选择正确的答案填空。
（共10小题，每小题1分）21. —Do you enjoy your vacation in Huaihua?—Sure, I’ve had _______ great time here.A.aB. anC. the22. —Would you like some ________?—Yes, please. I love them very much.A. appleB. milksC.potatoes23. —What are you looking for, Lisa?—I’m looking for my dictionary, but I can’t find _____anywhere.A. oneB. itC. this24. —What’s ______ mountain in Huaihua?—Subaoding of Xuefeng Mountain. It’s higher than any other mountain in Huaihua.A. highB. higherC. the highest25. —How do you learn English?—I learn ______ reading a lot.A. byB. forC. with26. It’s really good news that we needn’t go to school on September _____.A. threeB. the thirdC. the threeth27. Get up early, ______you will get to school on time.A. andB. butC. or28. All people should not ______ to smoke in the school.A. allowB. allowingC.be allowed29. My brother _______ a lot since he started junior high school.A. changeB. changedC. has changed30. —Excuse me, do you know ________?—Sure. There’s a supermarket down the street.A.where I can buy a pair of shoesB. where can I buy a pair of shoesC. how can I buy a pair of shoes第二节完形填空通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
（共10小题，每小题1分）One day a man saw a lady on the road. Her 31 broke down and she needed help.The man stopped his car and said: “I’m here to help 32 .You can call me Bryan Anderson.”After he fixed the car, the lady wanted to pay him, 33Bryan said no. He said if she really wanted to pay him back, thenext time she saw someone who needed help, she could givethat person the 34 he or she needed.A few miles down the road，the lady 35 a small restaurant. The waitress came over. The lady noticed the waitress was nearly eight months pregnant (怀孕的), but she 36 let it change her attitude (态度) when she served her.The lady finished her meal and paid with a $100 bill. The waitress went to get the change(零钱). When she came back, she found the lady had gone and left a note on a piece of paper: “You don’t owe (欠) me 37 . Somebody once helped me, just as I’m helping you. If you really want to 38 me back, here is what you do: Do not let the 39 end with you.” Under the paper were four more $100 bills.The waitress was moved. She really needed the money, as the baby would soon arrive. Then she called her husband: “Everything will be 40 . I love you, Bryan Ande rson.”31. A. bike B. car C. watch32. A.you B.him C. her33. A. or B. and C. but34. A. money B. food C. help35. A. went past B. went into C. came out of36. A. always B. often C. never37. A. anything B. nothing C. everything38. A. call B. pay C. bring39. A. hate B. dislike C. love40. A. all right B. terrible C. worseIII.阅读技能（三个部分，共20小题，计40分）第一节阅读短文或图表，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子。