短暂性动词与延续性动词详解,转换表及练习

短暂性动词与延续性动词相互转换对应表

短暂性动词延续性动词现在完成时arrive at(in)get to/reach

come/go/move to.

be in /at have been in /at come back//go back/

return

be back have been back come out/go out be out have been out become be have been

close be closed have been closed

open(v) be open(adj.) have been open

get up be up have been up

die be dead have been dead

leave be away from have been away from fall asleep/get to sleep be asleep have been asleep finish/end be over have been over marry/get married be married have been married begin/start be on have been on

borrow keep have kept

buy have have had

put on wear

catch/get a cold have a cold have had a cold

get to know know have known have/has gone to have/has been in

join the league/the Party/the army be a member/members of;

be in

have been a

member/members of;

have been in

语法讲解：

1.现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在，并可以和以 for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，也可以用在以“how long”提问的句子中，句子中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。例：

He has been away from Beijing for two years. = He left Beijing two years ago. When did the train arrive here? B. How long ____ the train ____ here?

2.在现在完成时的肯定句中，非延续性动词作谓语动词时，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。但可以用其他句式来表示同一个意思。例：

Lucy has come back.

The old man died 4 years ago. = The old man has been dead for 4 years.

He has been away from Beijing for two years.

= He left Beijing two years ago.

= It is two years since he left Beijing.

= Two years has passed since he left Beijing.

3.非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中作谓语，并可以与for，since引导的时间状语连用，表示动作的延续过程。例如：

She hasn’t bought any new clothes since last year.

I haven’t borrowed the book for a long time.

巩固习题：

1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.

A. has left

B. had left

C. has been away

D. had been away

2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.

A. joined

B. have joined

C. have been in

3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988.

A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened

4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.

A. have made

B. have been

C. made

D. have become

5.The meeting _______ for a week now.

A. has finished

B. has ended

C. has been over

6.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.

A. has been in

B. has come to

C. has taught

7.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .

A. has been

B. has become

C. was

D. became

8. I ______ home for a week.

A. have returned

B. have been back

C. returned

9. How long _______ he ________ ?

A. died

B. has, died

C. has, been dead

10. ----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks.

A. borrow

B. lend

C. get

D. keep

11.He ________ the car for a week.

A. bought

B. has bought

C. has had

12.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.

A. did fall

B. have, fell

C. have, been

13.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.

A. has left

B. has moved away

C. has been away from

14.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.

A. borrow

B. keep

C. take

15.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.

A. has stopped

B. stopped

C. has been

16. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.

A. is

B. catches

C. has caught

D. has had

17.He ________ for 2 hours.

A. got up

B. has got up

C. has been up