功能对等理论视角下的英汉习语翻译1

本文共分为六个章节。第一章主要介绍撰写本论文的基本要素:研究背景、研究问题、研究目的和意义、研究方法以及论文结构。第二章主要通过文献综述，了解国内外习语翻译的研究概况。同时帮助读者理解习语的一些基本知识，包括习语的定义、特点、分类及奈达的功能对等翻译理论。第三章从文化对等讨论英汉习语的翻译问题。涉及文化、习语和翻译的关系,习语的文化内涵以及具体的翻译方法等。第四章从语用对等讨论习语的翻译问题。涉及习语的语用功能及其误译现象从意义对等讨论习语的翻译问题，第五章讨论在习语翻译中应该注意的问题。最后，对本文作总结，得出本文的结论，指出本研究的不足以及今后研究的方向。
Manyscholarsat home and abroad have proposed various translation theories in the process of idioms translating, and Nida’s functionalequivalence translationtheory is much flexible in dealing with the target language and source language in translating because of basing on functionalequivalence. Additionally, the theory also considers thereceptorin the target language, providing a new perspective for Nida’s translation theory. And the thesis will discuss thetranslation of idioms from English to Chinese, Chinese to English based on Nida’s functionalequivalence. The idioms to be discussed in the paper will bedefinedin broad, including set phrases, common sayings, proverbs, allusions, etc. It is hoped that themisunderstandingand mistranslation of idioms can be reduced through comprehensively idioms study,meanwhile, it will help us to learn the excellent cultures in English and Chinese nations to promote intercultural communication in the world.However, due to the different cultural systems between the east and the west, Chinese and English idioms have similarities and obvious differences in meanings and expression forms. So in the real intercultural communication there will surely appear misunderstanding, culture conflict, even hatred among people from different regions and countries, leading the failure of intercultural communication among different nations.
关键词：英汉习语；功能对等；文化；翻译策略
On Translation of English and Chinese Idioms from
thePerspectiveofFunctionalEquivalence
Abstract
With the development of society, the progress of science and technology,theinternationalcontactsbetween differentnationsineconomicexchange, politicalaffairsand culturalcommunication areincreasing,and the trend ofcultural integrationis fast growing.Thecultural diversity is brought byglobalization and diversification in nguageis the carrier of culture and the culture is the means of language, so language and culture are inseparable. There exist a great deal of idioms in English and Chinese, they like a mirror reflecting the national characteristic.Idioms are the cream of culture and languagein human history, and they areaboundedwith theculturalelements of history and geography, religious beliefs and nationalcustoms,the national mentality andthinkingmodels in different peoples,and idiomstranslations has attracted great attention in the field of translation.Translationis the major bridge of interculturalcommunication;we can understand and learn theadvanced western culturethrough translation,at the same time, to translate introduceprofound Chinesecultureto other nations is not only the need ofdiversificationand globalizationofculture, alsothe need ofmaking other know and learnChinese culture, also the need ofrealizingthe FourModifications. And it cancolorourlanguageand culture by proper using idioms in speaking and writing.
然而，由于英汉文化体系不同，英汉习语在意义与表现形式上，既有相似之处，也存在Байду номын сангаас明显的差异。在跨文化交际活动中，由于交际双方缺乏对彼此社会文化的起码了解，在不同文化背景下，人们的思维方式、风俗习惯、宗教信仰等有不尽相同，如果总是习惯用自己的思维方式、价值观念等来理解对方的话，或随意使用或套用本民族文化模式，就可能引起文化冲突、误解、乃至仇恨，最终使跨文化交际失败。在英汉习语翻译中，国内外学者提出了很多翻译理论，奈达的功能对等翻译理论建立在功能对等的基础之上，在处理目的语与原语的方法上更加灵活。并且，功能对等理论还考虑了目的语接受者，这为奈达翻译理论提供了一种新的视角，对英汉习语的翻译具有很强的适用性。本论文以功能对等理论为理论基础，讨论中译英，英译汉中的习语翻译问题。本文采用习语的广义定义:包括成语，俗语，谚语，歇后语等。希望通过对英汉习语系统地研究，以便更好学习英汉民族的优秀文化，减少或避免由于缺乏对习语文化内涵的了解而引起习语误用、误译等现象，促进跨文化交际顺利进行。
There arefivechapters in this thesis. And chapter one is mainlyintroducingthe basic elements of thethesis, including the background of the research, theresearchquestions, the purpose and significance of the study, the research methods and theorganizationof the thesis. Chapter two: it aims to know the general research achievements and problems of idioms translation by doing literature review, at the sametime, it will alsoexplainsomebasicknowledge about idioms, including thedefinition, features,classificationand Nida’s“functionalequivalence”theory, etc. Chapter three: In this part, itwilldiscuss idioms translation from the view of culturalequivalencein their translating, includes therelationshipamong culture, idioms and translation, the culturalconnotationof Chinese and English idioms andtheirspecific translation methods are talked about in the chapter ,too. Chapter four: it will talk about idiomsmistranslation frompragmaticequivalence,mainlyconcerning about theidioms pragmatic functions and analyze some idiom mistranslation from pragmaticequivalence.Chapter five:it will point out some problems, which should be paid attention to in doing idioms stly, theconclusionandsomelimitationsofthe thesis are made.