英国文学名词解释
英国文学名词解释及课后答案
名词解释Renaissance:The Renaissance indicates a revival of classical (Greek and Roman) arts and sciences in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Sonnet: A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter and most often in one of the two rhyme schemes: the Italian(or Petrarchan) or Shakes pearean ( or English ).A sonnet is a 14-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme and meter .It has two main forms :the shakespearean sonnet and the Italian sonnet.Shakespeare Sonnet: a lyric with three quatrains and one couplet, rhyming ababcdcdefefgg, consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.A Shakespearean sonnet consists of fourteen lines written in iambic pentameter, in which a pattern of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable is repeated five times. The rhyme scheme in a Shakespearean sonnet is a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g; the last two lines are a rhyming couplet.Enlightenment: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason (rationality), equality & science (the 18th century)The Age of Enlightenment (also called the Age of Reason) refers to the 18th_ century England.The Enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movement.It celebrated reason (rationality), equality, science and human beings’ ability to perfect themselves and their society and it aimed to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern ,philosophical and artistic ideas.Romanticism: it flourished in literature, philosophy, music, and art in Western culture during most if the nineteenth century, beginning as a revolt against classicism. In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.Dramatic monologue: A kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in poem. The occasion is a crucial one in the speaker’s life, and the dramatic monologue reveals the speaker’s personality aswell as the incident that is the subject of the poem.Aestheticism: The basic theory of the aesthetic movement----- art for art’s sake. The theorist of aestheticism was Walter Pater. The chief representative of the movement in England was Oscar Wilde, .Aestheticism places art above life.Stream of consciousness: The style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories and mental images as the character experiences them. (psychol organized by William James) individual conscious experience regarded as continuously moving forward in time in an uneven flow. In creative writing the interior monologue makes use of this to reveal character and comment on life.（由威廉·詹姆士创立的心理学）个人的内心体验以不平衡的方式不断流动着。
英国文学名词解释
英国文学名词解释1：Byronic hero: a variant of the Romantic heroes as a type of character(pursuing freedom),named after the English Romantic Poet Gordon Byron. e.g.2:Renaissance:The Renaissance indicates a revival of classical arts and sciences in Europe beginning in the 14th and extending to the 17th ,marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. E.g Shakespeare’s3:Romanticism: It flourished in literature, philosophy, music, and art in western culture during most in the 19th ,beginning as a revolt against classicism. In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit. The main works such as George Gordon Byron4:Conceit: A far-fetched simile or metaphor, a literary conceit occurs when the speaker compares two highly dissimilar things. In the following example from Act V of Shakkespeare’ s , the imprisoned King Richard compares his cell to the world in the following line: I have been studying how I may compare this prison where I live into the world. It occurs in 17th and the examples is John Donne’s .5: Stream-of –Consciousness: it is a literary technique that presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur without any clarification by the author. It is a narrative mode. It occurred in the 20th ,and the example is James Joyce 6:Critical Realism: Critical realism is one of the literary genres that flourished mainly in the 19th . It reveals the corrupting influence of the cash upon human nature. Here lies the essentially democratic and humanistic character of critical realism. Theyoften start with a powerful exposure of the ugliness of the bourgeois world in their works, but their novels usually have happy endings or an impotent compromise at the end.E.g. Charles. Dickens7:Dramatic monologue: It is a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaker to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in poem. The occasion is a crucial one in the speak’ s life, and the it reveals the speak ’s personality as well as the incident that is the subject of the poem . Robert Browing’ s is a case in point.8:Epiphany(顿悟)：a moment of illumination, usually occurring at the end of the work. It exists in Modernist novels .E.g James Joyce。
英国文学史名词解释
名词解释Heroic Couplet: a couplet consisting of two rhymed lines of iambic pentameter, and written in an elevated style.1．Renaissance: a revival or rebirth of the artistic and scientific revival which originated in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. It has two features: a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature and keen interest in activities of humanity.2．Sonnet: 14-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter.3．Blank verse: poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.4．Neoclassicism: the Enlightenment brought about a revival of interest in Greek and Roman works. This tendency is known as Neoclassicism.5．Sentimentalism: it was one of the important trends in English literature of the later decades of the 18th century. It concentrated on the free expression of thoughts and emotions, and presented a new view of human nature which prized feeling over thinking, passion over reason. 6．Romanticism: imagination, emotion and freedom are certainly the focal points of romanticism. The particular characteristics of the literature of romanticism include: subjectivity and an emphasis on individualism; freedom from rules; solitary life rather then life in society; the beliefs that imagination is superior to reason; and love of and worship of nature. 7．LakePoets: the English poets who lived in and drew inspiration from the Lake District at the beginning of the 19th century.8．Byronic Heroes: a variant of the Romantic heroes as a type of character( enthusiasm, persistence, pursuing freedom), named after the English Romantic Poet Gordon Byron. 9．Realism: seeks to portray familiar characters, situations, and settings in a realistic manner. This is done primarily by using an objective narrative point of view and through the buildup of accurate detail.10．Aestheticism: an art movement supporting the emphasis of aesthetic values more than socio-political themes for literature, fine art, music and other arts.11．Stream-of-Consciousness: it is a literary technique that presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur without any clarification by the author. It is a narrative mode. 12．Dramatic Monologue: a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem.13．Iambic Pentameter: a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, that is, with each foot an iamb.14．Epic: a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated.15．Elegy: a poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individual; may also be a lament over the passing of life and beauty or a meditation of the nature of death; a type of lyric poem. 16．Canto: a section of a long poem. The cantos can be a great poem17．Ode: a complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subjects. Odes are written for a special occasion, to honor a person or a season or to commemorate an event.Spenserian Stanza: a nine-line stanza made up of 8 lines of iambic pentameter ending with an Alexandrine. Its thyme scheme is ababbcbcc. This stanza was common to travel literature. 18．Metrical Pattern: a lyric poem of five 14-lined stanzas containing four tercets and a closing couplet. The rhyme scheme is aba bcb cdc ded ee.文学史中古时期1.Beowulf?贝奥武甫?: the natural epic of the English people; Denmark story, alliteration, metaphor, understatements2.Sir Gawain and Green Knight?高文爵士和绿衣骑士?3.Geoffrey Chaucer(杰弗里乔叟〕：the Father of English Poetry; The Canterbury Tales?埃特伯雷故事集?〔24stories)文艺复兴时期1.Thomas More: Utopia?乌托邦?- the communication between more and the traveler which just came back from Utopia.2.Francis Bacon: the first English Essayist; Essays?随笔集?- Of Studies, Of Truth (philosophical and literary works)3.Thus Wyatt: first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.4.Edmund Spenser: Poet's poet; The Fairy Queen?仙后?(to Queen Elizabeth I)5.William Shakespeare:Sonnet 18(Shall I compare thee to a summer's day)17世纪英国文学1.John Donne: the leading poet of Metaphysical school of poetry; A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning?别离：莫忧伤?2.John Milton: Paradise Lost?失乐园?〔a revolt against God's authority), Paradise Regained?复乐园?〔how Christ overcame Santa) ——stories were taken from Bible3.John Bunyan: the son of Renaissance; Pilgrim's Progress?天路历程?(imagination, shadowing, realistic religious allegory)18世纪英国文学Novel：1.the age of reason, classicism, sentimentalism and romanticism (novels, prose, dramas, poetry)2.Daniel Defoe: representative of English realistic novel; Robinson Crusoe?鲁滨逊漂流记?(the development of a young man from a naive and artless youth to a clever and hardened man)3.Jonathan Swift: Gulliver's Travels?格列佛游记?(fictional, satirical- human nature, the European Government, the differences between religions, whole English state system)4.Henry Fielding: the Father of English novel; The History of Tome Jones, a Foundling ?汤姆琼斯?，satiricPoetry：5.Thomas Gray: Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard?墓园挽歌?6.Alexander Pope: perfected in heroic couplet; An Essay on Criticism?论批评?7.William Blake: pre-romantic; Songs of Innonce?天真之歌?，Songs of Experience?经历之歌?-London, The Tiger8.Robert Burns: A Red Red Rose?一朵红红的玫瑰?Drama:9.Richard Brinsley Sheridan:Master of Comedy of manners;The School for Scandal?造谣学校?浪漫主义时期1798-18321.William Wordsworth: the Lake Poets; The Prelude?序曲?；I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud?我似流云天自游?；The Solitary Reaper?孤寂的割麦女?；features: poet of nature and human heart2.Samuel Taylor Coleridge: the first critic of the Romantic school; The Rime of the Ancient Mariner?古舟子咏?3.George Gordon Byron: vigorous, strong and beautiful; Childe Harold's Pilgrimage?恰尔德哈罗尔德游记?(spenserian stanza, fights for liberty); Don Juan?唐璜?(a broad critical picture of European life); When We Two Parted?昔日依依别?；She Walks in Beauty?她走在美的光影中?；The Isles of Greece?哀希腊?4.Percy Bysshe Shelley: Ode to the West Wind?西风颂?-赞颂西风，希望与其严密相连; Prometheus Unbound?解放了的普罗米修斯?(the victory for man's struggle against tyranny and oppression)5.John Keats: sensuous, colorful and rich in imagery; Ode to a Nightingale?夜莺颂?；Ode on a Grecian Urn?希腊古瓮颂?6.Walter Scott: Father of Historical Novel; combine historical fact and romantic imagination7.Jane Austen: wit, dry humour, subtle irony,realistic; Pride and Prejudice?傲慢与偏见?(Elizabeth and Darcy)；Sense and Sensibility?理智与情感?；Emma?爱玛?8.Charles Lamb: Poor Relations?穷亲戚?; Dream-children?童年梦幻?; A Reverie?梦想曲?维多利亚时期1.summit：realistic novel2.Charles Dickens: critical realist writer; humour, wit, happy endings; A Tale of Two Cities?双城记?(London & Paris, where there is oppression, there is revolution); David Copperfield?大卫科波菲尔?；Oliver Twist?雾都孤儿?；Hard Time?困难时世?；Great Expectations?远大前程?；Dombey and Son?董贝父子?；Pickwick Papers?匹克威克外传?3.William Makepeace Thackeray: Vanity Fair?名利场?(to satirize the social more, decadence and corruption of his time; to criticize the values measured by wealth)4.George Eliot: novelist, her novels are celebrated for their realism and psychological insights; Adam Bede?亚当比德?(social inequality)；The Mill on the Floss?弗洛斯河上的磨坊?；Silas Marner?织工马南?5.Alfred Tennyson: succeeded Wordsworth as Poet Laureate in 1850; Break, Break, Break?拍吧，拍吧，拍吧?；Crossing the Bar?过沙洲?6.Robert Browning: dramatic monologues; My Last Duchess?我已故的公爵夫人?7.The Bronte Sisters:Charlotte: Jane Eyre?简爱?：简·爱是一个心地纯洁、善于思考的女性，她生活在社会底层，受尽磨难。
英国文学主要名词解释
1. Enlightenment:a.The Enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movement throughout western Europe inthe 18th century.进步的智力运动b.The Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive classof bourgeois against feudalism. The social inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempted to place all branches of science at the service of mankind by connecting them with the actual deeds and requirements of the people.总体上，启蒙主义是当时的资产阶级对封建主义，社会的不平等、死寂、偏见和其他的封建残余的一种反对。
通过将科学的各个分支与人民的日常生活和需要联系起来，启蒙主义者们努力将他们变成为人民大众服务的工具c.English enlighteners differed in some way from those of France “cleared the minds of men forthe coming revolution,” the English enlighteners set no revolutionary aims before them. They strove to bring it to an end by clearing away the feudal ideas with the bourgeois ideology.英国和法国的资产阶级启蒙主义者观念上存在一定差异。
英国文学名词解释
英国文学名词解释ROMANTICISM浪漫主义: It was prevalent during the first third of the nineteenth century (about 1800-1830). Romanticism rejected the earlier philosophy of the Enlightenment, which stressed that logic and reason were the best response humans had in the face of cruelty, stupidity, superstition, and barbarism. Instead, the Romantics asserted that reliance upon emotion and natural passions provided a valid and powerful means of knowing and a reliable guide to ethics and living. The Romantic Movement typically asserts the unique nature of the individual, the privileged status of imagination and fancy, the value of spontaneity over "artifice" and "convention," the human need for emotional outlets, the rejection of civilized corruption, and a desire to return to natural primitivism and escape the spiritual destruction of urban life. Their writings often are set in rural, pastoral or Gothic settings and they show an obsessive concern with "innocent" characters--children, young lovers, and animals. The major Romantic poets included William Blake, William Wordsworth, John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Lord Gordon Byron. Contrast with Enlightenment.RENAISSANCE文艺复兴: The term originally described a period of cultural, technological, and artistic vitality during the economic expansion in Britain in the late 1500s and early 1600s. Thinkers at this time and later saw themselves as rediscovering and redistributing the legacy of classical Greco-Roman culture by renewing forgotten studies and artistic practices, hence the name "renaissance" or "rebirth." They believed they were breaking with the days of "ignorance" and "superstition" represented by recent medieval thinking, and returning to a golden age akin to that ofthe ancient Greeks and Romans from centuries earlier--a cultural idea that will eventually culminate in the Enlightenment of the late 1600s up until about 1799 or so. The Renaissance saw the rise of new poetic forms in the sonnet and a flowering of drama in the plays of Shakespeare, Jonson, and Marlowe.ROMANCE浪漫: In medieval use, romance referred to episodic French and German poetry dealing with chivalry and the adventures of knights in warfare as they rescue fair maidens and confront supernatural challenges. The medieval metrical romances resembled the earlier chansons de gestes and epics. However, unlike the Greek and Roman epics, medieval romances represent not a heroic age of tribal wars, but a courtly or chivalric period of history involving highly developed manners and civility. Their standard plot involves a single knight seeking to win a scornful lady's favor by undertaking a dangerous quest. Along the way, this knight encounters mysterious hermits, confronts evil blackguards and brigands, slays monsters and dragons, competes anonymously in tournaments, and suffers from wounds, starvation, deprivation, and exposure in the wilderness. Medieval romances often focus on the supernatural. In the classical epic, supernatural events originate in the will and actions of the gods. However, in secular medieval romance, the supernatural originates in magic, spells, enchantments, and fairy trickery. Divine miracles are less frequent, but are always Christian in origin when they do occur, involving relics and angelic visitations. A secondary concern is courtly love and the proprieties of aristocratic courtship--especially the consequences of arranged marriage and adultery.Enlightenment:启蒙运动the philosophical and artistic movement growing out of the Renaissance and continuing untilthe nineteenth century. The Enlightenment was an optimistic belief that humanity could improve itself by applying logic and reason to all things. It rejected untested beliefs, superstition, and the "barbarism" of the earlier medieval period, and embraced the literary, architectural, and artistic forms of the Greco-Roman world. Enlightenment thinkers were enchanted by the perfection of geometry and mathematics, and by all things harmonious and balanced. The period's poetry, as typified by Alexander Pope, John Dryden, and others, attempted to create perfect, clockwork regularity in meter. Typically, these Enlightenment writers would use satire to ridicule what they felt were illogical errors in government, social custom, and religious belief.Ballad: 民谣In common parlance, song hits, folk music, and folktales or any song that tells a story are loosely called ballads. In more exact literary terminology, a ballad is a narrative poem consisting of quatrains of iambic tetrameter alternating with iambic trimeter. Common traits of the ballad are that (a) the beginning is often abrupt, (b) the story is told through dialogue and action (c) the language is simple or "folksy," (d) the theme is often tragic--though comic ballads do exist, and (e)the ballad contains a refrain repeated several times. One of the most important anthologies of ballads is F. J. Child's The English and Scottish Popular Ballads. Famous medieval and Renaissance examples include "Chevy Chase," "The Elfin Knights," "Lord Randal," and "The Demon Lover." A number of Robin Hood ballads also exist. More recent ballads from the 18th century and the Scottish borderlands include "Sir Patrick Spens," "T am Lin," and "Thomas the Rhymer."Realism现实主义: An elastic and ambiguous term with two meanings. (1) First, it refers generally to any artistic or literaryportrayal of life in a faithful, accurate manner, unclouded by false ideals, literary conventions, or misplaced aesthetic glorification and beautification of the world. It is a theory or tendency in writing to depict events in human life in a matter-of-fact, straightforward manner. It is an attempt to reflect life "as it actually is"--a concept in some ways similar to what the Greeks would call mimesis. (2) Secondly and more specifically, realism refers to a literary movement that developed out of naturalism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Although realism and the concern for aspects of verisimilitude have been components of literary art to one degree or another in nearly all centuries, the term realism also applies more specifically to the tendency to create detailed, probing analyses of the way "things really are," usually involving an emphasis on nearly photographic details.These writers include such diverse artists as Mark Twain, Tolstoy, &Thomas Hardy.Stream of consciousness意识流: a kind of writing technique in which a character's perceptions, thoughts, and memories are presented in an apparently random form, without regard for logical sequence, chronology, or syntax. Often such writing makes no distinction between various levels of reality--such as dreams, memories, imaginative thoughts or real sensory perception. William James coined the phrase "stream of consciousness" in his Principles of Psychology (1890). The technique has been used by several authors and poets: James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, T. S. Eliot. Some critics treat the interior monologue as a subset of the more general category, stream of consciousness. Perhaps the most famous example is the stream of consciousness section in James Joyce's Ulysses, which climaxes in a forty-odd page interior monologue of Molly Bloom, anextended passage with only one punctuation mark.Naturalism自然主义: A literary movement seeking to depict life as accurately as possible, without artificial distortions of emotion, idealism, and literary convention. The school of thought is a product of post-Darwinian biology in the nineteenth century. It asserts that human beings exist entirely in the order of nature. Human beings do not have souls or any mode of participating in a religious or spiritual world beyond the biological realm of nature, and any such attempts to engage in a religious or spiritual world are acts of self-delusion and wish-fulfillment. Naturalistic writers--including Zola, Frank Norris, Stephen Crane, and Theodore Dreiser--try to present their subjects with scientific objectivity. They often choose characters based on strong animal drives who are victims both of glandular secretions within and of sociological pressures without. Naturalists emphasize the smallness of humanity in the universe; they remind readers of the immensity, power, and cruelty of the natural world, which does not care whether humanity lives or dies.Sentimentalism感伤主义：It is a literal movement in the middle of the 18th century in England which concentrates on the distressed of the poor unfortunate and virtuous people and demonstrates that effusive emotion was evidence of kindness and goodness. It reveals grief, pains and tears. It stresses on material senses as being spiritual and/or considers soul to be material, thus anything done on sentimental level is more or less materialistic rather than spiritual.The most outstanding figure of English sentimentalists are Laurence Sterne who wrote A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy (1768)，which reveals a purely emotional approach to life on the part of the narrator. Thomas Gray’s Elegy Written in a Country Churchyardis also the model of sentimentalist poetry.。
romance名词解释英国文学
romance名词解释英国文学
Romance在英国文学中是指一种古老的文学体裁，起源于中世
纪。它通常包括英雄式的故事、神话传说、骑士的冒险、爱情和超
自然元素。在英国文学中，romance经常被用来描述叙事诗、传奇
故事和骑士传奇。这些故事通常以英勇的骑士和他们的冒险为主题，
以及与美丽贵族女性的浪漫爱情。这些作品常常强调理想化的爱情
和英雄主义，以及对于勇气、忠诚和荣誉的追求。在英国文学史上，
romance体裁的代表作品包括《亚瑟王传奇》和《特洛伊传奇》等。
这些作品对后世英国文学产生了深远的影响，塑造了许多经典文学
形象和情节。总的来说，romance在英国文学中扮演着重要的角色，
展现了人们对于爱情、冒险和英雄主义的向往和追求。
英国文学史-名词解释
英国文学史-名词解释名词解释1．Romance: a long composition, in verse or in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, especially for the knight. The most popular theme employed was the legend of King Arthur and the round table knight. 2．Renaissance: a revival or rebirth of the artistic and scientific revival which originated in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. It has two features: a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature and keen interest in activities of humanity.3．Sonnet: 14-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. 4．Enlightenment: a revival of interest in the old classical works, logic, order, restrained emotion and accuracy.5．Neoclassicism: the Enlightenment brought about a revival of interest in Greek and Roman works. This tendency is known as Neoclassicism. 6．Romanticism: imagination, emotion and freedom are certainly the focal points ofromanticism. The particular characteristics of the literature of romanticism include: subjectivity and an emphasis on individualism; freedom from rules; solitary life rather then life in society; the beliefs that imagination is superior to reason; and love of and worship of nature.7．Byronic Heroes: a variant of the Romantic heroes as a type of character( enthusiasm, persistence, pursuing freedom), named after the English Romantic Poet Gordon Byron. 8．Realism: seeks to portray familiar characters, situations, and settings in a realistic manner. This is done primarily by using an objective narrative point of view and through the buildup of accurate detail.9．Aestheticism: an art movement supporting the emphasis of aesthetic values more than socio-political themes for literature, fine art, music and other arts.10．Stream-of-Consciousness: it is a literary technique that presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur without anyclarification by the author. It is a narrative mode. 11．Epic: a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated.一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法）例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved,To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章1、romance 传奇文学2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unitconsisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character.这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。
戏剧独白名词解释英国文学
戏剧独白名词解释英国文学
戏剧独白：指戏剧作品中一个角色独自登场，通过自言自语或与
观众进行对话，来表达角色的思想、感情或剧情进展的一种戏剧表现
手法。
在戏剧中，独白常用于揭示角色内心世界，表达角色的心理状态、冲突与矛盾，或者向观众主动传递剧情信息。
英国文学：指起源于英国，并以英语写作的文学作品的总称。
英
国文学可以追溯到古代，包括早期的史诗、抒情诗和戏剧。
从中世纪
开始，英国文学得到进一步发展，包括中世纪骑士文学、文艺复兴时
期的诗歌和戏剧等。
17世纪至18世纪，英国文学经历了启蒙时代的兴起，其中包括著名的作家如莎士比亚、弥尔顿、葛底斯密等。
19世纪
是英国文学的黄金时期，出现了浪漫主义、维多利亚时代的大量杰作，如狄更斯、简·奥斯汀、勃朗特姐妹等。
20世纪英国文学又涌现出许
多重要作品和作家，如乔伊斯、莎士比亚、奥威尔、毛姆等。
英国文
学以其丰富多样的文化遗产和深厚的历史底蕴，对全球文学产生了重
要影响。
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英国文学名词解释
一、Modernism:
1、Modernism is an international movement in literature and arts, especially in literary criticism, which began in the late 19th century and flourished until 1950s.
2、James Joyce, T.S.Eliot, Virginia Woolf and William Faulkner are prominent modernist writers.
3、Modernism represents a new mode of perception, a major feature of which is disjunctive irony. Its attempt to cope with chaos and fragmentation led to inward transcendence, to the construction of a more perfect world, a literary cosmos, a self-imposed and self-imposed and self-contained sense of wholeness and harmony in art.d.
二、Postmodernism: 40-50二战后开始60-70高峰法国中尉女人
1、A term referring to certain radically experimental works of literature and art produced after World War II. Post-modernism is distinguished from modernism, which generally refers to the revolution in art and literature that occurred during the period 1910-1930, particularly following the disillusioning experience of World War
I.
2、Much of post-modernist writing reveals and highlights the alienation of individuals and the meaninglessness of human existence. Postmodernists break away from traditions through experimentation with new literary devices, forms, and styles.
三、Aestheticism: art for art seak
1、It began to prevail in Europe at the middle of the 19th century.
2、The two most important representatives of aestheticists in English literature are Walt Pater and Oscar Wilde. They believed that Art did not have any didactic purpose; it need only be beautiful.
3、It is a European design style that emphasized aesthetic values more than socio-political themes for literature, fine art, the decorative arts, and interior design.
四、Epiphany：Araby
1、a sudden revelation of truth about life inspired by a seemingly trivial incident.
2、a spiritual an intellectual illumination of the nature of a thing
3、a sudden revelation of spiritual or moral meaning, usually as to the essential being of a person or thing
五、Dramatic monologue：MY last dutchess
1、~ is a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem. The occasion is usually a crucial one in the speaker's personality as well as the incident that is the subject of the poem.
2、Robert Browing's My Last Duchess is a typical example.
六、Metafiction：法国中尉女人
1、It is the literary term describing fictional writing that self-consciously and systematically draws attention to its status as an artifact in posing questions about the relationship between fiction and reality, usually using irony and self-reflection.
2、Metafiction is primarily associated with Modernist and Postmodernist literature, but is found at least as early as Homer′s Odyssey and Chaucer's 14th-century Canterbury Tales.。