初中英语句子成分和五大基本句型

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Seeing is believing.
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18
宾语
• 宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,短 语,不定式,动名词,从句充当.它和及物动 词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语之后.
She plays the piano.
He often helps me.
I like watching TV.
She likes to go to shop this afternoon.
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15
• 1.主语:主语是在句子中说明全 句中心主题的部分.一般由名词,
代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当 .它的位置一般在句首.
The girl is pretty.
Reading is useful.
To see is to believe.
They are good friends.
6
系动词 The food smells good. The girl is beautiful. The apple looks red. The leaves become yellow.
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7
代词:代替名词的词
We are students of class 16.
主语
Tom gives me an apple.
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17
表语:
• 表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词, 形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词, 短语,或者从句充当.表语位于系动词后面.
I am a teacher.
She feels happy.
Everybody is here.
They are at home now.
He went mad.
表语
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9
副词:用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等的词,
以说明动作性质或状态。
We should get up early in the morning.
The movie is very interesting.
Tom often goes to school by bike.
状语
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10
数词
基数词:one, two, three..... 序数词:first, second, third
I have one book.
定语
She is the first in the class.
表语
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11
句子成分

基本句型
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12
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13
什么是句子?
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位.句子的第
不作成分
3
名词:表示某类人,事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称
• 在句子中作主语,宾语或表语 • The bags are on the desk.
主语
• I like apples.
宾语
• This is a gook book.
表语
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4
动词:表示动作或状态的词汇
实义动词 系动词
及物动词 不及物动词
宾语
Who is there? -- It is me.
表语
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8
形容词:表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词
This is a red apple.
定语
She told us something interesting.
后置定语
The sun was hot yesterday.
表语
Lucy is tall in her class.
词类(parts of speech)
• 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词,根据 词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的 分类叫词类(parts of speech)。
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1
英语词类
• 十大词类
实词(6):名词 动词 代词 形容词
副词 数词
词 连词 感叹词
虚词(4):冠词 介
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2
them,everything
主,宾,表
good,interesting
定,表
almost ,bravely

nine, first
定,表
and ,but,because, that, 不做成分
while
near, from, in, on, at
不做成分
a, an, the
不作成分
hello ,oh, well
一个字母必须大写,结尾要有.? !
I am a teacher.
Are you a student?
How beautiful the girl is !
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14
句子包括哪些成分?
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种, 即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补 语。英语的基本成分有八种:主语 (subject)、谓语(predicate)、表 语(predicative)、宾语(object)、 定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 、 补语(complement)、同位语。
词类 1. 名词 2. 动词 3. 代词 4. 形容词 5. 副词 6. 数词 7. 连词
缩写 n. v. pron. adj adv. num. conj.
8. 介词
prep.
9. 冠词
art.
10. 感叹词 interj.
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例词
用法
John, room
主,宾,表
stand ,be

read teach like
rise work go
be动词:am/is/are was/were 感官动词:feel ,smell, taste, look,sound 变化动词:become, get, turn,grow
助动词 情态动词 18/9/15
be,do, doesBiblioteka Baidudid, have, has, had
must, can, could, shall, should...... 5
实义动词
及物动词 He is reading a book. Mr. Green teaches us English.
不及物动词 The sun rises in the east. He works hard.
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16
谓语:
• 谓语说明主语做什么,以什么状态 或特征存在,由简单动词或者动词 短语构成.
They are teachers.
She looks well.
He studies hard.
He laughed at his classmates.
He can speak English.
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