虚拟语气 (2)

✪虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中 If条件从句 主句 1、与现在事实相反假设 a. 一般过去时 b. be动词用were would/could/should/ might + v. 2、与过去事实相反假设 had done would/could/should/ might + have done 3、与将来事实相反假设 a. 过去时 b. were to + v. c. should +v. would/could/should/ might + v. e.g.: 1、If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go aboard. 2、If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams. 3、☆If you come tomorrow, we would have the meeting. ☆If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. ☆If he should not come tomorrow ,we should put off the meeting till next Monday. ★使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点： 1、当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整 e.g.:☆If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. ☆If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 2、If省略句 ⑴在条件句中可省略if,把were、had、should提到句 首变为倒装句式 e.g.: ☆If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I t school again, I would study harder. ☆If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus ☆If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. ⑵若省略的条件中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式 e.g.: (正确) Were it not for the expense. (错误)Weren’t it for the expense. 3、用介词短语代替条件状语从句，常用的介词有：with、 without、but for e.g.: ☆We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. =Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
=But for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
=If it had not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of
time.
=Had it not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
4、含蓄条件句
有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句而通过其他手段
来代替条件句
e.g.:☆I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.
☆He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing
about it.
☆A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in
about seven days.
☆I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.
二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
1、用于宾语从句中
⑴在下列动词引导的宾语从句中用虚拟语气
坚持：insist
命令：order、command

建议：suggest、advise、propose
要求：demand、require、ask、desire
⑵would rather后的虚拟语气
e.g.:☆I would rather they didn’t hear of the news.
☆We’d rather you didn’t smoke in our home.
☆I’d rather you hadn’t done that.
⑶wish后的虚拟语气
①过去时(宾语从句动作与wish同时)
②过去完成时(宾语从句动作先于wish )
③could/would/might + v. (宾语从句动作后于wish)
e.g.:☆I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.
☆I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.
☆How I wish it weren’t raining now.
⑷if only + 陈述句后的虚拟语气 ①表示现在的愿望，用过去时 e.g.: ☆If only I knew his name. ☆If only our parents could live together with us. ②表示过去的愿望，用过去完成时 e.g.: If only we had listened to their advice. ③表示将来的愿望，用过去将来时 e.g.: If only it would stop raining. 2、用于主语从句中 It is necessary/important/strange/natural/suggested + that从句，从句中的谓语动词用should + v. ,should可省略 e.g.:☆It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week ☆It is necessary that he should be sent there at once. 3、用于表语从句和同位语从句中 在suggestion、proposal、order、advice、request、demand等名词后接表语从句，用虚拟语气 e.g.:☆My suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help them. ☆My advice is that you (should) treat her well. ☆My demand is that he (should) come to see me once a week 三、虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用 用于as if / as though引导的从句中 ⑴如果as if 引导的从句的谓语动词与主句的谓语动词所 表达的动作同时发生，as if引导的从句的谓语动词用过去时； ⑵如果as if 引导的从句的谓语动词所表达的动作先于主句的谓语动词所表达的动作，as if引导的从句的谓语动词用过去完成时 ⑶如果as if 引导的从句的谓语动词所表达的动作后于主 句的谓语动词所表达的动作，as if引导的从句的谓语动 词用过去将来时
e.g.:☆He looks as if he were an artist.
☆She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.
☆He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A.
四、虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用
It is (high/about ) time that＋①过去时
②should + v.
e.g.: ☆It is high time that you went to school.
☆It is about time that we went to bed.