虚拟语气(二)
德语虚拟语气第二虚拟式总结
德语虚拟语气第二虚拟式总结公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-第二虚拟式的常见句型主动式I - 非现实条件句基本句型：A- 过去时Wenn ich Zeit haette, ginge ich mit ihr ins Kino.Ich ginge mit ihr ins Kino, wenn ich Zeit haette.Haette ich Zeit, ginge ich mit ihr ins Kino.我若有时间，就和她去看电影。
(事实上我没时间。
)B- 过去完成时Wenn ich gestern Zeit gehabt haette, waere ich mit ihr ins Kino gegangen.Ich waere mit ihr ins Kino gegangen, wenn ich gestern Zeit gehabt haette.Haette ich gestern Zeit gehabt, waere ich mit ihr ins Kino gegangen. 我昨天要是有时间的话，就跟她去看电影了。
以下动词习惯于直接用动词虚拟式形式，而不利用下面要说的条件式句型：waere, haette, kaeme, gaebe, wuesste, taete, faende 等例如：Ich waere auch gern Lehrer.我希望我也是个老师。
(可我不是。
)陈述句型和对应的虚拟式句型：陈述式的句子结构第二虚拟式虚拟式的句子结构主动式--------------------------------------------------过去时过去完成时Ich war nicht fleissig.Ich bin nicht fleissig gewesen. Ich waere fleissig gewesen, wenn...Ich war nicht fleissig gewesen.Ich hatte kein Interesse.Ich habe kein Interesse gehabt. Ich haette mehr Interesse gehabt, wenn...Ich hatte kein Interesse gehabt.Ich wollte nicht lernen.Ich habe nicht lernen wollen. Ich haette besser lernen wollen, wenn...Ich hatte nicht lernen wollen.非现实条件句中主句和从句的时态关系：主句时态：从句时态所表示的时间1)第二虚拟式过去时第二虚拟式过去时现在和将来或第一条件式或第一条件式Ich kaeme gerne, wenn ich Zeit haette.Ich wuerde gerne kommen, wenn ich Zeit haette.假如我有时间，我原因去。
德语虚拟语气第二虚拟式总结
德语虚拟语气第二虚拟式总结一、表达假设和条件的情况：1.客观条件假设：如果句子的条件部分与现实相符，虚拟语气使用第一虚拟式；如果条件部分与现实相反，虚拟语气使用第二虚拟式。
例如：-如果我有时间，我就去你家。
- Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich zu dir kommen.2.主观条件假设：当句子表达的条件是与说话人主观判断有关的情况时，虚拟语气使用第二虚拟式。
例如：-如果我是你，我就不买那件衣服。
- Wenn ich du wäre, würde ich das Kleid nicht kaufen.二、表达愿望和建议的情况：1.表达愿望：使用"ich hoffe", "ich wünsche mir", "ich hätte gern"等表达愿望的动词，后跟虚拟语气的第二虚拟式。
例如：-我希望我能和你一起去旅行。
- Ich hoffe, dass ich mit dir verreisen könnte.2.表达建议：使用"ich würde vorschlagen"、"es wäre besser"等表达建议的句型时，后跟虚拟语气的第二虚拟式。
例如：-我建议你明天早点来。
- Ich würde vorschlagen, dass du morgen früher kommst.三、其他用法：1. 与"dürfen"连用，表示礼貌的建议或请求。
例如：- Du dürftest besser das Fenster schließen.-你最好关上窗户。
2. 表达抱怨或愤怒的情绪，通常通过"es ist schade"或"es ist unzufrieden"等表达方式。
if条件句中的虚拟语气(二)(讲义)-精选学习文档
1. 通过本课的学习，能够全面掌握if虚拟条件句的几种较复杂和特殊的情况。
2. 通过本课的学习，能够准确运用错综时间虚拟条件句、虚拟倒装句和含蓄虚拟语气等。
重点：掌握错综时间的虚拟语气以及虚拟倒装句的具体规则。
难点：能够在解题过程中熟练识别和运用含蓄虚拟条件句。
近几年高考对于虚拟语气的考查主要集中在语法填空和书面表达中，语法填空涉及动词提示词的填空中多次出现对虚拟语气的考查，考查难度不大。
一、错综时间虚拟条件句：有些条件句中主句的谓语和从句的谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致，这类句子称为错综时间条件句。
当虚拟条件状语从句与主句所虚拟的时间不一致（如从句虚拟过去，而主句虚拟现在或将来）时，主句、从句中谓语动词的形式须依据各自所表示的时间，综合if虚拟条件句的三种基本类型进行调整。
If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now.如果你听了我的话，你现在就不会有这样的麻烦了。
（过去→现在）If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the movie last night.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那部电影。
（现在→过去）If they had left home early, they would arrive in half an hour.要是他们早离开家的话，再过半个小时就该到了。
（过去→将来）If Monica should arrive today, she must have started three days ago.如果莫尼卡今天到达的话，那她一定是在三天前就动身了。
（将来→过去）If you had studied hard last year, you would be a college student now.要是你去年努力学习的话，现在你就是个大学生了。
If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.如果昨天下雨了的话，地面现在就应该是湿的。
虚拟语气第二条件句
虚拟语气第二条件句虚拟语气第二条件句，这可真是个有趣又有点小复杂的东西呢。
咱就说这虚拟语气第二条件句啊，它常常是用来描述那些和现实不太一样的情况，就好像是在做白日梦一样。
比如说，要是我有一双翅膀，我就会飞到天上去看看云彩到底是不是像棉花糖一样软。
这就是虚拟语气第二条件句的感觉。
它的结构呢，一般是“if + 过去式，would + 动词原形”。
可别小看这个结构，它能表达出好多很奇妙的想法。
就像我有个朋友，他老是说如果他是个百万富翁，他就会买一个超级大的房子，里面有各种各样的游戏室和游泳池。
他这就是在使用虚拟语气第二条件句啊。
你看，在现实里他不是百万富翁，这是一种和现实相反的假设，然后在这个假设下他会做的事情就是买大房子那些。
这就好比我们在画画，现实是一张白纸，虚拟语气第二条件句就是我们用想象的画笔在这白纸上画出的另一个世界。
那为啥我们要学这个虚拟语气第二条件句呢？这就像是我们学会了一种魔法咒语一样。
有时候我们心里有很多想法，这些想法在现实里可能很难实现，但是用这个虚拟语气第二条件句就可以把它们说出来。
比如说，要是我能回到过去，我就会告诉小时候的自己要好好学习数学。
这多有意思啊。
再比如说，假如我是个超级明星，我就会开一场免费的演唱会。
在这个句子里，“假如我是个超级明星”这部分是假设，而且是和现在的实际情况不一样的假设，我现在不是超级明星嘛。
然后“我就会开一场免费的演唱会”就是在这个假设下我会做的事情。
这就像我们在搭积木，先搭了一个不存在的基础，然后在这个基础上再搭建出我们想要的东西。
有时候我们在和朋友聊天的时候也经常会用到这个虚拟语气第二条件句。
你可能会说，如果明天不用上班，我就会睡一整天。
这就是一种对现状的一种“反叛”式的想象，现实是明天要上班，但是我们通过这个句子想象出了一个不一样的情况。
这就像我们在一个规矩很多的盒子里，突然用虚拟语气第二条件句打开了一个小窗口，看到了盒子外面不一样的风景。
我们还可以用这个来给别人提建议呢。
高二英语选修六_名师语法：虚拟语气详解(2)
名师语法：虚拟语气详解（2）概念引入上一单元我们学习了虚拟语气中与现在、将来事实相反的虚拟条件句及宾语从句的虚拟语气。
本单元要继续学习虚拟语气中与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，及虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用。
首先，我们先看下面含虚拟语气的句子：1. We would have won, if Jack had scored t hat goal.2. We would have won if we hadn’t stayed up so late the night before.3. We would have won the championship, if we had got Mr Han to coach us.4. If she had studied harder, she would have got the diploma.这些句子都是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
下面我们就来学习这部分内容。
用法讲解与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句虚拟条件句的动词形式假设类型条件从句（if从句）谓语动词主句的谓语动词与现在事实相反一般过去式(be用were) would/should/might/could +动词原形与将来事实可能相反1）一般过去式(be只用were)2）were to + 动词原形;3）should + 动词原形would/should/might/could+动词原形与过去事实相反had done would/should/might/could + have 过去分词从表格可知，虚拟条件句与过去事实相反时，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时，而主句的谓语用would/should/might/could加现在完成时形式。
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
2283 虚拟语气二
一单选1. If you were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday.A. will allowB. should allowC. would have allowedD. had allowed2.If I ____ more time, I would have gone with him.A. hadB. had hadC. have hadD. would have3. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ____ to the meeting.A. would comeB. cameC. would have comeD. had come4. Without electricity, human life _____ quite different today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be5.If it ___ tomorrow, what would we do?A. rainsB. were to rainC. would rainD. rain6. But for the party（党）, he ___ of hunger 30 years ago.A. would have diedB. would dieC. must have diedD. must die7. _____ today, he would get there for holiday.A. Was he leavingB. Were he to leaveC. Would he leaveD. If he leaves8. I would have come earlier, but I ___ that you were waiting for me.A. didn’t knowB. hadn’t knowC. would have knownD. haven’t known9.I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _____ your birthday party.A. attendedB. had attendedC. would attendD. would have attended10.I didn’t know his telephone number. ____ it, I ____ then.A. Had I known, would ring him upB. Should I know, would have rung him upC. If I knew; would ring him upD. Had I known; would have rung him up11.If you___ hard at school then ,you___ a college student now and would get a good job in the future.A. had studied; would have beenB. would have been; could beC. had studied; would beD. studied; could be12. ________ some information, she could have answered the questions.A. She had been givenB. If she was given C .Had if she been given D. Had she been given13.If I ____ where he lived，I ____ a note to him.A. knew，willB. had known，would have sentC. know，would sendD. knew，would have sent14. If they ____ earlier than expected，they ____ here now.A. had started，would beB. started，might beC. had started，would have beenD. will start，might have been15.Were I to do it，I ________ it some other way.A. will doB. would doC. would have doneD. were to do16.Without your help，we________ so much.A. won't achieveB. didn't achieveC. don't achieveD. wouldn't have achieved17. You didn't take his advice. ________ his advice，you ________ such a mistake.A. Had you taken，wouldn't have madeB. If you had taken，would makeC. Were you lo take，shouldn't have madeD. Have you taken，won't have made18. ---- If he_____，he ______ that food.---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned，would not takeB. had been warned，would not have takenC. would be warned，had not takenD. would have been warned，had not taken19. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she _________，she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come20.I regret not having taken your advice. Otherwise I __________this mistake.A. didn’t makeB. would not makeC. hadn’t madeD. wouldn’t have made二用适当的动词形式填空1.Without electricity, human life ______________________(be) quite different today.2.We ____________________________(lose) our lives had it not been for the policeman.3.If the captain _________________________(be) more careful, his ship would not have sunk.4.Were it not for the snowy weather, we ___________________(be) all right.5.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____________________________(score) a goal.6.If they ___________________(start) the early morning yesterday, they ___________________(be)here now.7.You didn’t let me driv e. If we ___________________(drive)in turn, you wouldn’t have got so tired.8. _____ it rain tomorrow, we would put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.9.If it __________________________(not snow) yesterday, we could play football on the sports ground now.10.Without your help, I _____________________________________(not succeed)in my English study.虚拟语气二虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用一. 一坚持(insist)二命令(order., command)三建议(advise, suggest, propose/ recommend)四要求(demand, require ,request ,ask)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用虚拟语气，动词形式为"should + do", should可以省略。
if虚拟语气用法讲义(二)2022届高考英语二轮复习语法专题
if虚拟的用法（二）if虚拟条件句的省略当if虚拟条件句中有were/had/should，省略if，将were/had/should提前。
（一去二提）【例句】1.If Li Yifeng were my boyfriend, I would be the happiest girl in the world.→Were Li Yifeng my boyfriend, I would be the happiest girl in the world.2.If I had finished my task, I would have been in Beijing.→________________________________________________.3.If he should go to the zoo, we would have a happy hour together.→_________________________________________________.4.If he shouldn’t go to the zoo, we would be very sad.Should he not go to the zoo, we would be very sad.（否定词not不动，只将should提前）当遇到否定词not时，不能与were、had、should缩略,not 仍然放在主语后面。
If I hadn’t warned you,you could have been killed.→________________________________________.【总结】if虚拟语气从句中有_____、_____、______,省略_______,将______、_______、________提前。
【练一练】1._______ hard,he would have passed the exam.A.If he were to workB.Had he workedB.Should he work D.Were he to work2._______ you have a meeting tomorrow,I would have to put off to visit you.A.WereB.WouldC.ShouldD.will3.Had you come earlier,you ________ her.A.would have metB. would meetC.will meetD.should meet4.Should you have a meeting tomorrow, I _________ (have to) put off to visit you.5._________ (I be) in your position, I would not take his money.三、if虚拟条件句的错综【回顾】从句主句与现在事实相反的假设did would/should/could/might +do与将来事实相反的假设did/were to/should do would/should/could/might+do与过去事实相反的假设had done would/should/could/might +have done 【概念】If I had taken medicine last night, I would be better now.If you had listened to the doctor,you would be all right now.If I were you,I would have gone home 2 hours ago.错综的意思：if虚拟条件句中主句和从句时间不一致，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间加以调整。
虚拟语气(二)
与过去情况 过去完成式 相反的假设 (had +done)
would / could / might / should +have done
与将来情况 可能相反的 假设
①过去式 (did)/(were) would / could / might /
②should + do
shouldห้องสมุดไป่ตู้+ do
③were to do
1.宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持：insist 三个命令：order, command，instruct 四个建议：advise, suggest, recommend, propose 五个要求：demand , require, request, desire
这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气 用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + V原 形，或者将should省略。
4. It rained yesterday. If it _h_a_d__b_e_e_n__(be) fine yesterday, I w__o_u_ld_h_a_v_e__g_o_n_e___(go)there.
5. If he _s_h_o_u_ld_/_w_e_r_e_t_o_c_o_m__e__(come) tomorrow, what _s_h_o_u_l_d___we _s_a_y______(say) to him?
If it were not for ---/If it had not been for ---
Fill in the blanks
1. I am not free today. If I __w_e_r_e__(be)free today, I __w_o_u_l_d_g__o_(go) and visit some of my friends.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
一、概念
中文译作"虚拟语气"。
它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。
二、语法结构
1.if结构（非真实条件句——表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况）
与..事实相反If从句主句
过去Had done Would* have done
现在Were/did Would* do
将来Should do/were/were to do Would* do
例句：If there hadn’t been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harvest now. [过去]
If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. [现在]
If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first. [将来]
备注：
（1）上表中’*’，would都可转换为should、could、might。
（2) 如果为时间错综句的话，左右两栏可互相搭配，排列组合。
例句：
He would still be alive today if he hadn’t taken that drug.
[与现在事实相反] [与过去事实相反]
(3) if可转换为其他形式
例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldn’t have been so successfully. [过去]
（=>可转换为：If there hadn’t been your advice, we …）
Your notes are almost illegible (难以辨认的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [将来]
(=> 可转换为：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.)
I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[过去]
(=> 可转换为：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..)
2、wish结构
与..事实相反
过去Had done
现在Were/did
将来Would
备注：可转换为其他形式。
例句：He talks as if (好像) he had done all the work himself. [过去]
I wish I were a bird.
I wish he handn' done that.
I wish I would be rich in the future.
3、should结构
从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成。
而且should可以省去。
用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest,intend等。
例句：The teacher suggest he (should) read English aloud.
注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。
例句：The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.
He insisted that he was honest.
4、would rather ＋从句
在这种结构中，从句的谓语动词用过去形式表示虚拟。
例句：I would rather you did this instead of me.
5、主语从句中的虚拟语气
1）It be + 形容词+ that ．．．（should）．．．
用于该句型的形容词是：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny,
strange, surprising ．
一些名词也可以用于在该结构中。
如：a pity，no wonder．．．．
2）It be + 过去分词+ that ．．．（should）．．．．
用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。
如：desired，suggested，requested，
ordered，proposed等。
3）It is time（about time，high time）that ．．．（过去式动词形式或should ＋动词原形）．．．．
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now.
6、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，advice，decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同
位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。
其谓语动词应用：should＋原形动词。
另外连接从句的that不能省
略。
例：My suggestion is that we should go there at once.
What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?
三、使用范围及判断
1、虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。
该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。
也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。
2、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断
判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。
判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。
②与现在事实相反。
③与将来事实可能相反。
3、“后退一步法”
后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。
即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。
也就是：
1）与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。
2）与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。
3）与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。
主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。
例：If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.
If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn’t go out.
四、注意事项
1.if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。
2、在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。
3、wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，按“后退一步法”处理从句的谓语动词。
注意：与哪个事实相反，不能以主句的时态为判断依据，而是根据从句的意义判断。