虚拟语气1
9.18.虚拟语气(1)
I wish I _h_a_d_n_'t__e_at_e_n(eat) so much watermelon yesterday.
as if/as though 虚拟用法同wish
他那样对待我, 好像我是陌生人似的。
He treats me as if I _w_e_r_e a stranger.
• 2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实， 或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的 情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的 语气叫虚拟语气。
虚拟语气
Types
1. If 型
与现在事实相反虚拟
If I were a bird, I would have two wings. If I had two wings, I could fly in the sky.
He talks about Rome as if he
_h_a_d_b_e_e_n_(be) there before.
if only 虚拟用法同wish:
Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
虚拟语气
虚拟语气
高考命题趋势
高考对虚拟语气的考查侧重于：在非真 实条件状语从句中的使用，含蓄条件 句中的用法，名词从句中的用法及一 些特殊句式中的用法。今后高考仍然 会重视对虚拟语气句型的考查，而且 试题语境会更灵活，考查角度更加多 样化。我们要在语境中准确理解运用 。
知识目标
1 会使用if 条件句中虚拟语气句式 2 能使用虚拟语气的几种特殊句式造句
虚拟语气-1..
3、可能违背将来事实的假设 这里指的是将来不大可能发生的假设，或者虽有可能发生， 说话人主观上不希望发生的假设。这种假设相当于汉语中 常用的“万一”，“居然”，“竟然”等含义。例如： If he should fail, we would encourage him to try again. 万一他失败，我们就鼓励他再试一次。 If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这件事，我会是另外一种做法。 We would wipe them out if they should attract us. 如果他们胆敢进攻，我们就将他们消灭。 If it should rain tomorrow, what could we do? 万一明天下雨，我们能做些什么呢？ If the rocket should fail in a few seconds, it would certainly explode.如果火箭几秒钟内竟然向下坠落，那就一定会爆炸。
5、连接词 if 的省略 如果条件从句的谓语包含有had, should 或 were，有时 if 可以 省略。这时had，should 或 were 要移到主语前面，形成倒装。 （这种句型主要见于书面形式。） Had he not been ill, he might have come. 要不是生病，他是会来的。 Were I to do it, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这件事，我会是另外一种做法。 Should it rain tomorrow, what could we do. 万一明天下雨，我们能做些什么呢？ Were it not for his help, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. 如果不是因为他的帮助，我们就克服不了这些困难。
1.虚拟语气
(should) come • My demand is that she _______________ (come) to see me once a week. 表语从句
• All of us are for the advice that the chemical works (should) be (be)closed down. 同位语从句
2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.
If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.
If虚拟句的倒装
万一下雨，我们将不得不推迟比 赛。
In case of rain, In case it rains, If it should rain, Should it rain,
A. If you should arrive B. If you arrive C. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive
名词性从句中的虚拟 语气及几种虚拟语气 特殊句型
1.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气
一个坚持，两个命令， 三个建议，四个要求 1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose (advice, suggestion, proposal ) 4. demand , require, request, desire 这些词引导的名词性从句要使用虚拟语气。 即从句中的动词使用should + 动词原形， 或者将should省略。
1. ____the exam, he would have attend a college.
A. If he passed C. Were he passed B. Had he passed D. If he should pass
高三英语虚拟语气1
现吨市安达阳光实验学校高三英语虚拟语气【本讲信息】一. 教学内容：虚拟语气虚拟语气是英语中一种重要的语气形式，也是英语语法中一个重要的语法点。
由于虚拟语气所涉及的内容比较广，一些语法书对其的阐述也很繁杂，所以同学们在学习过程中很难掌握其用法，在使用过程中或考试时也很容易出错。
为了便于理解和记忆，我对虚拟语气作了一个“”归纳，供参考。
虚拟语气的使用主要体现在三个方面：虚拟条件句、虚拟语气在某些从的运用，以及虚拟语气的一些特殊用法。
［教学过程］一、虚拟条件句虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。
具体情况请看下表：（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.If I were you, I would go to tell him the real feeling upon him.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadn’t been very busy.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.If he were to be given another chance to do it again, he could certainly achieve more.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟语气1
四、用在as if/ as though引导的方式状语从句中 用在 引导的方式状语从句中 She loves the orphan as if he were her own son. He talked as if he had known everything. 五、It is (high/ about) time that…(用过去时) that…(用过去时 用过去时) It is high time we began to work. It is high time that we should begin to work. It is time that children went to school. It is time that children should go to school.
*可以把 省略，将were, had, should 可以把if省略 可以把 省略， 提前， 提前，构成倒装 Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. Were it to rain tomorrow, we…. Had I not taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake.
二、在非真实条件句中（所提出的假设 在非真实条件句中（ 实现的可能性极小或与事实相反） 实现的可能性极小或与事实相反） (1)与现在事实相反 (1)与现在事实相反 I would go if I had time. If there were no air, people would die. (2) 与过去事实相反 If you had got there earlier, you would have caught the bus. If I had not taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake.
虚拟语气例子
虚拟语气例子（1）第一种情况If。
1．表示后悔if+主语+had done，主语+ would（should/ could/might）+have doneIf I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
2．表示想象if+主语+过去时，主语+ would（should/ could/might）+doIf I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞If I knew his telephone number, I would tell youIf there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earthIf there were no air, people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡If I had any money with me, I could lend you some虚拟语气例子（2）⑴后悔①If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.（我要是早点动身，就赶上火车了。
）②If I hadn’t been ill yesterday, I might have come to school.（昨天要是不生病，我是可能来上学的。
）③If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed the exam.（如果你在上个学期用工一些，你就会在考试中过关了。
英语虚拟语气(一)解题方法和技巧及练习题及解析
英语虚拟语气(一)解题方法和技巧及练习题及解析一、初中英语虚拟语气1．If I _____you. I would wear jeans to the party.A．am B.was C.were D.are【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意:如果我是你，我就穿牛仔裤去宴会。
与现在事实相反的虚拟语气中，系动词一律用were。
故选C。
考点：考查虚拟语气。
2．--- If I_______ one million dollars, I would give it to medical research.---If I _______ you, I would give it to charity.A．will have, am B．would have, was C．had, were D．have, is【答案】C【解析】考察虚拟语气。
第一空，虚拟语气，与现在相反，用过去时。
第二空，虚拟语气，与现在相反，用过去时，be动词用were。
故选C3．--What would you do if you ____ a million dollars?--I’d give it to the charityA．win B．won C．will win D．is to win【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：如果你赢了一百万美元，你要做什么？——我会把它捐给慈善机构。
结合语境可知条件从句中描述的是与将来相反的事实，故用一般过去时态，选B。
考点：if引导的条件状语从句点评：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
1、与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”2、与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+have+过去分词”3、与将来事实相反若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”：4．–I argued with my best friend. What should I do?--If I ________ you, I would say sorry to her.A．am B．was C．are D．were【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：我和我最好的朋友吵架了。
虚拟语气例句1
1. If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会协助我们的。
2. If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我假设看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
3. If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 假设我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。
4. If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 假设你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。
5. If I knew German，I would read the paper to you.我要是懂德语，我就会给你读这篇文章。
6. If he were here，we could ask him．假设他在这里，我们会问他的。
7. If I were you, I would accept his offer.我要是你，就接受他的协助。
8. If I were a bird, I would fly to you. 假设我是一只鸟，我会飞到你身边。
9. If it were to rain(=Should it rain=Rained) tomorrow, we would not go for a picnic. 假设明天下雨的话，我们就不去野炊了。
10. If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.11. If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.12. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.假设你早来几分钟，你就会碰上他。
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将来
were to do should +v. ;
If I were a boy, I would join the army.( 与现在事实相反) Were I a boy, I would join the army. If I had got up a little earlier,I would have caught the bus this.morning.( 与过去事实相反) —Had I got up a little earlier,I would have caught the bus this morning. If you saw/were to/should see Bush tomorrow, what would you say to him?( 与将来事实相反) —Were you to see Bush tomorrow, what would you say to him?
9.虚拟语气用于含蓄条件句 1 ) without/but for( 要 不 是 ) + n., 主 句 谓 语 动 词 使 用 would/should/might/could+have done (表示过去) 或would/should/might/could+v (表示现在,将来) eg. But for his help,I couldn't have finished the work on time.
Exercise:
1._____frightened me was a loud crash from the next room. A. How B.What C.That D.Why B 2.Jack's father suggested that Jack ___in London for a few more days. A. would stay B.stay C. had stayed D. stayed A 3.I could have called you yesterday,but I _____your telephone number. A. didn't have B.won't have C.hadn't had D.wouldn't have come 4.It is required that every employee (come)_____in their Uniform before 8:30 a.m.
Grammar: Subjunctive mood
Introduction: 英语有三种语气:陈述语气,祈使语气 和虚拟语气. 1. 虚拟语气用于if引导的非真实性条件状语从句中 现在 过去 if 从句 过去式(were) had done 主句 would/could/ should/might + V would/could/ should/might + have done would/could/ should/might + V
(should)be put off I suggested that the meeting _______________(put off )
till tomorrow.
2).由以上动词派生出来的名词:suggestion, proposal, order,demand,recommendation,requirement,request,desire,etc. We all supported his proposal that the meeting_(should)be put off__(put off) till tomorrow. 3) It is + adj. +that 这样的形容词有:important, necessary,essential,strange, natural,desirable, advisable, suggested,ordered,demanded, Proposed,etc. Eg.It is necessary that he _(should)take__(take) a good rest after working for a long time.
2.在错综条件句子中,虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生 的时间不一致,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做相 应调整. If I were you, I wouldn't have missed the film last night. 如果我是你,我就不会错过昨天的那部电影.(从句与 现在事实相反,主句与过去事实相反) 3.1)表示建议,命令,请求,劝告等词引导的从句中, 需使用虚拟语气should +v; should +be done 这样 动词有:suggest, propose, move, recommend, order, require, request, demand, desire, advise,etc.
Exercise would accept 1. If I were you, I (accept)_____________the job. 2.He works with such enthusiasm as if he never (know) knew __________fatigue. 3. It is desired that this rule (obey)_______by everyone working here. had made 4.I would rather that Mr.Williams (make)______________ the speech at the conference instead of the dean that day.
要不是他的帮助,我根本无法按时完成这项工作.
2)副词otherwise表示非真实条件 Eg.We didn't know his telephone number;otherwise we__him. C A.telephoned B.would telephone C.would have telephoned D.had telephoned
7.The director required that every member in his department (refer)______to this report. refer
C 8.____he was seriously ill, I wouldn't have told him the truth. A. If I knew B.If I know C.Had I known D.Did I know
5. 在"would(had)rather(would sooner,would as soon)+宾语从句"句型中,表示"但愿,宁愿"可用做 谓语动词,要求后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气.表示现在 或将来要做的事时,其从句谓语动词要用一般过去时. 当表示过去要做的事时,用过去完成时. Eg.I would rather you came tomorrow. I would rather you hadn't said anything about it . 6. It is high/about time that + 过去式 It is high time that we ________(take) measures to stop took the pollution.
learned 5.It is high time that you (learn)_______English and computer well. be finished 6.Is it necessary that the task(finish)__________today? 7.If we (know)_____________that the books were available, had known We would have bought them yesterday. be obeyed
7. As if /though : 当从句表示与现在的事实相反,谓 语动词要用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反要用 " had+ 过 去 分 词 " ; 表 示 与 将 来 可 能 相 反 的 则 用 "would/could/might/should+v". Eg. He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.(表示 与现在的事实相反) They talked about the city as if they had been there before.(与过去事实相反) 8. 在in case/lest/for fear that(以免…/以防…)结构中, 例如: He took a raincoat with him in case it sho#43; 宾语从句:表示不能实现的主观愿望 从句谓语动词 一般过去时/were 过去完成时 Would/could/might/should+v
现在 过去 将来
Eg. I wish I had one million.(现在) I wish I could have gone with you last night.(过去) I wish you wouldn't smoke any more.(将来)
B
Exercise:
refuse 5. I suggested that he (refuse)_________the offer proposed by that company. C 6.We didn't finished the work in time. You______us since you were there. A.might help B.should help C.could have helped D.must have helped