虚拟语气

一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型If I were you, I would ask our teacher for advice.If the room were larger, we would hold the party there.●与过去事实相反If I hadn’t taken the wrong bus, I wouldn’t have missed the film.●与将来事实可能相反If I had enough money next month, I would buy a newEnglish dictionary.If I should be given more time, I would revise my essay and have it typed.If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday.●省略if 的倒装条件句：从句中出现were, had, should时，可省略if,把were, had, should 提到主语前。

1.Were we to do the work again, we woulddo some other way.2.Should there be any trouble with thecomputer, I would turn to my friend for help.3.Had it not been for your help, we would nothave achieved so much.（1）由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气79. Mary wishes that she _____ law instead of history when she was in college.A. had studiedB. has studiedC. studiesD. studiedA．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。

B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。

C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。

The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”---“That’s all right, but I wi sh he would buy one of his own.”I wish that he weren’t so lazy.22. I wish I _____with her.A. would beB. amC. wasD. were_27. I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped ___.A. him calling meB. that he would call me_C. him to call meD. that he call me(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。

His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.49. I’d rather you _______anything about it for the time being.A. doB. didn’t do_C. don’tD. didn’t(3)would (had) rather, would as soon, wouldsooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。

例如：I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。

I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。

I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。

52. It’s about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.A. takeB. took_C. have takenD. will take（4）It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。

It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。

（5）whether…or…引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构,把whether 省略, 谓语多用be的原形，：The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.原正常语序：The business of each day, whether it is selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.57. He’s working hard for fear that he______ .A. should fall behind_B. fell behindC. may fall behindD. would fall behind（6）由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形，例如：She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。

(注：lest, for fear that 和in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。

)The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we________ all right.A. would be_B. would have beenC. wereD. may be(7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反，if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for：If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth.A. were circling_B. circlesC. is circlingD. be circling(8) 虚拟语气用于as if（though）引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。

如果从句表示与现在的事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；如果从句表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句表示与将来的事实相反，谓语动词用would (might, could) + 动词原形；They talked as if they had been friends for years.I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.It looks as if it might rain.Note: 如果as if / though引起的从句所表达的内容被看作是事实或者有可能是真实的，则要用陈述语气。

It seems as if it is going to rain.The meat tastes as if it has already gone bad.11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If onlyI ____your advice.A. followB. would followC. had followed_D. have followed(9)其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather,supposing, if only等等If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.二、特殊形式的虚拟语气61. Tom’s father, as well as his mother, _________in New York for a few days more. A. ask him to stay B. ask he to stay C. asks he stays D. asks he stay_虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略)+动词原形that从句。

A、用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that 宾语从句中，这类动词有：ask要求advise建议arrange安排beg请求command命令decide决定demand要求desire渴望determine决定insist坚持intend打算maintain 坚持主张move建议，动员propose提议object反对order命令prefer建议require 需要request要求resolve下决心recommend推荐suggest建议stipulate约定，规定urge强调，促进vote公认，提议decree颁布（法令）pray请求注意：这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以接doing或者to do…来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。