新世纪研究生公共英语A unit13课后题
Unit13 Healthy Eating 重点题型训练及详解
Unit13 Healthy Eating 重点题型训练及详解【动词填空】请仔细区别，用括号中动词正确形式填空，注意非谓语动词的对比使用。
A . ① I want one magazine ______ . ( read )② My teacher wanted me ______ this question . ( answer )③ The woman wanted her husband ______ at once . ( examine )④ My bicycle wants _______ . ( repair )B . ① What made you ______ so ? ( think )② The girl was made _______ a man she didn't love at all . ( marry )③ The show made me _______ in the study of science . ( interest )④ He raised the picture to make everyone _______ clearly . ( see )⑤ He raised his voice to make himself _______ . ( hear )⑥ My father himself made some candles _______ light . ( give )⑦ The boss made the workers _______ day and night . ( work )C . ① You'd better get your own room _______ . ( clean )② Yesterday he got his wallet _______ . ( steal )③ You should get your friends _______ you . ( help )④ The lecture got us _______ . ( think )⑤ Don't get ________ in the rain . ( catch )D . ① Did you see somebody _______ into the room ? ( steal )② I saw him _______ in the room at that time . ( read )③ She was glad to see her child ________ good care of . ( take )④ I saw her _______ at the windows , thinking . ( seat )⑤ She was seen ________ here . ( come )E . ① I like _______ very much . ( swim )② I don't like _______ TV at this time . ( watch )③ He never likes _______ at the meeting . ( praise )④ I feel like _______ to the cinema . ( go )⑤ Would you like ______ with me ? ( go )F . ① The man ______ at the meeting now is from the south . ( speak )② I don't know the professor ______ at the meeting tomorrow . ( speak )③ He is the professor _______ to dinner . ( invite )G . ① It was so cold and he had the fire _______ all night long . ( burn )② I have a lot of exercises ________ today . ( do )③ "Do you have nay clothes _______ today ? "asked Mother . ( wash )④ You'd better have that bad tooth _______ out . ( pull )⑤ I want to have him _______ a car for me . ( find )H . ① He doesn't do anything but _______ all day . ( play )② We have no choice but _______ . ( obey )③ I'm thinking of how _______ my English . ( improve )④ He made an apology for ______ late . ( be )I . ① He told us about his trip in an _______ voice . ( excite )② He told us his story in a _______ voice . ( tremble )③ At the sight of a snake , the little girl was very _______ . ( frighten )④ The boy was _______ , so I didn't believe him again . ( disappoint )J . ① He is looking forward to ________ college . ( enter )② He is looking forward to ________ nothing . ( see )K. ① When he heard the news , he couldn't help ________ with joy . ( jump )② I couldn't help ______ by the beauty of nature . ( strike )③ Sorry , I can't help ______ the housework today . ( do )L. ①______ enough time , we'll do it better . ( give )②______ a candle , he went on reading . ( light )③______ from the hill , the park looks more beautiful . ( see )④______ the people well , we must work hard at our lessons . ( serve )答案：A. 1.to read 2. to answer3. (to be) examined4. repairing / to be repairedB. 1. think 2. to marry 3. interested 4. see5. heard6. to give7. workingC. 1. cleaned 2. stolen 3. to help4. thinking5. caughtD. 1. steal 2. reading 3. taken4. seated5. to comeE. 1. swimming 2. to watch 3. being praised4. going5. to goF. 1. speaking 2. to speak 3. invitedG. 1. burning 2. to do 3. to be washed4. pulled5. findH. 1. 1. play 2. to obey 3. to improve 4. beingI. 1. 1. excited 2. trembling3. frightened4. disappointingJ. 1. 1. entering 2. seeK. 1. 1. jumping 2. being struck 3. (to) doL. 1. Given 2. Having lit 3. Seen 4. To serve【完型填空】One day , in Philadelphia , three men walked into the （1）Street Station . One of them went to the Information Center to check the departure-arrival listings (一览表) . There he （2）out that the three （3）train to New York was going to leave an hour later that day .When he told his friends about the （4）, they suggested that they all（5）to a nearby bar to wait . So （6）they went .About an hour （7）, they returned to the station laughing and talking . When they arrived at the right （8）, they saw the train was already moving slowly （9）the station .All the three men ran （10）the train shouting , "Wait ! Wait ! Come back !"Two of them （11）up with the last car , （12）the railing (扶手) of the back platform (车厢后门台) , pulled themselves （13）, and got on the moving train . （14）this time , the third man had stopped （15）. As he hopelessly watched the train （16）out of the station , he could still see his friends wave and （17）them call . At first he had a confused (慌乱的) look （18）his face . Then after a short （19）, he turned away and slapped (掌击) his knee as he laughed （20）laughed .A man （21）nearby , who had seen it all , turned to him and asked , "What's so （22）, fellow ? After （23）, your two friends made it and you didn't . "The man was still laughing so hard （24）he had tears in his eyes as he replied , "You don't understand . Those two fellows came to see me （25）. "1 . A . Thirty B . Thirteen C . Three D . Thirtieth2 . A . worked B . made C . sent D . found3 . A . o'clock B . time C . hours D . hours'4 . A . delay B . accident C . tickets D . lateness5 . A . went B . go C . left D . visit6 . A . on B . in C . off D . that7 . A . late B . later C . after D . before8 . A . stop B . track C . station D . way9 . A . into B . away C . of D . out of10 . A . on B . up C . from D . after11 . A . put B . ran C . kept D . caught12 . A . seized B . held C . took D . shook13 . A . on B . up C . in D . off14 . A . By B . Till C . At D . Since15 . A . to run B . waving C . shouting D . running16 . A . pulled B . pulls C . pull D . be pulled17 . A . hear B . listen to C . watch D . understand18 . A . in B . on C . of D . at19 . A . moment B . minute C . running D . rest20 . A . or B . and C . after D . but21 . A . stand B . stands C . standing D . stood22 . A . exciting B . happy C . funny D . interesting23 . A . it B . that C . all D . this24 . A . when B . before C . that D . as25 . A . out B . away C . off D . leave答案：1 — 5 DDAAB 6 — 10 CBBDD 11 — 15 DABAD16 — 20 CABAB 21 — 25 CCCCC解析：1 . D . 根据句意，需要填数词，the 后面跟序数词。
Unit 13 单元测试及答案
Unit 13 peopleⅠ.单项填空1. Some researchers believed that there is no _____ that a cure for HIN`1 will be found.A. pointB. needC. doubtD. use2. We must _______ every penny we spend during a business trip.A. account forB.take onC. make upD. turn out3. The time he has devoted in the past ten years ____ the disabled is now considered ____ of great value.A. to help ; helpingB. to helping ; to beC. to help ; to beD. helping ; being4.After he retired from office , Rogers ___ painting for a while , but soon lost interest.A. took upB. saved upC. kept upD. drew up5.I thought her selfish ____ I saw her .A. the first timeB. for the first timeC. first timeD. it’s time6. Good work _____ good pay.A. deservesB. requestsC. desertsD. awards7.The plane is taking off . Please _______ .A. go abroadB. get onC. go aboardD. board8. Some of you may have finished Unit One ._____ you can go on to Unit Two.A. If you mayB. If you doC. If notD. If so9. The proposal seems quite good , but I can’t easily ______ without all the facts.A. joinB. judgeC. sayD. speak10. The writer is working on a book ____ the history of social development.A. dealt inB. dealt withC. dealing inD. dealing with11. With too many construction projects ____ all the strength out of the economy, people of the small country complained a lot .A. suckingB. to suckC. being suckedD. being sucking12. He has been working hard day and night, which of course , _______ his tiredness.A. answer forB. accounts forC. applies forD. stands for13.—George had to give a speech in front of 5,000 people.--- Whew! That’s a big audience. He ____ nervous.--- He was, but nobody could tell.A. should have beenB. might beC. must have beenD. could be14. He paid for a seat, when he ____ have entered free.A. couldB. wouldC. mustD. need15. ---Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.--- Well. He _____ have gone far--- his coat’s still here.A. shouldn’tB. mustn’tC. can’tD. wouldn’tⅡ. 阅读理解The PillowAt the age of sixteen, I joined a volunteer group with my dad. I went on my first volunteer project in West Virginia. On the night we arrived, we discovered that “our family” was living in a trailer (拖车) that was in poor condition. A crew had been working on it for two weeks, but every time they finished one problem, another surfaced.We decided the only reasonable solution was to build a new house—something unusual but necessary under these circumstances. The family was overjoyed with their new house that was twenty by thirty feet with three bedrooms, a bath and a kitchen.On Tuesday of that week, while we ate lunch together, I asked the family’s three boys, Josh, Eric and Ryan, “What do you want for your new room?” Expecting toys and o ther gadgets that children usually ask for, we were astonished when Josh responded, “I just want a bed.”The boys had never slept in a bed! They were accustomed to plastic mats. That night we had a meeting and decided that beds would be the perfect gift. On Thursday night, a few adults in our group drove to the nearest city and bought beds and new bedding.When we saw the delivery truck coming, we told the family about the surprise. We could hardly contain ourselves. It was like watching excited children on Christmas morning.That afternoon, as we fitted the frames of the beds together, Eric ran into the house to watch us. Too dirty to enter his room, he observed with wide-eyed enthusiasm from the doorway.As my father slipped a pillowcase onto one of the p illows, Eric asked, “What is that?”“A pillow,” he replied.“What do you do with it?” Eric continued to ask.“When you go to sleep, you put your head on it,” I answered softly. Tears came to my eyes as my father handed Eric the pillow.“Oh…that’s soft,” he said, hugging it tightly.Now, when my sister or I start to ask for something that seems urgent, my dad gently asks, “Do you have a pillow?”We know exactly what he means.1. The writer’s first volunteer project was ______.A. working on a poor trailerB. helping a poor familyC. donating beds and beddingD. dealing with a housing problem2. On hearing Josh’s answer, the writer was shocked because ______.A. the family lived in a trailerB. he expected to get some toysC. he didn’t know what a bed wasD. the boys had no bed to sleep in3. From the passage, we can learn that Eric had never seen ______ before.A. a trailerB. a truckC. a pillowD. a house4. By saying “Do you have a pillow?”, the writer’s father means that ______.A. what they want to get may be unnecessaryB. they should not waste money on small thingsC. they should do more volunteer work for the poorD. what he will buy is not what they want but a pillowIII．新题型：七选五__1___ .Being angry doesn’t really solve much, but what people do when they feel angry is important. The goal is to calm down and try to solve what is bothering you. This is hard for some kids and adults, too. Instead of calming down, some kids might keep getting more and more upset until they explode like a volcano!__2___ .Their anger might be so strong that they lose control of their temper. They may act in ways unacceptable and hurtful. People may say that someone has trouble controlling their temper.__ 3___ Some kids might get so angry that they scream at their parents, break something , or even worse , hit their brothers or sisters._ 4____ .However, it’s not OK for a kid to do any of those things .Kids don’t want to act in this way , but sometimes angry feelings can be hard to manage. So what to do?Well, the good news is that kids don’t just have to keep making the same mistakes over and over again.__ 5___ .Imagine your temper as a puppy inside you that needs some training. The puppy is not bad ---- it will probably turn out a great dog. It just needs to learn some rules because, right now, that puppy is causing some problems to you.A. You can train you temper.B. You don’t want to cause trouble.C. Kids should be allowed to express their feelings, even angry ones.D. Everybody gets angry sometimes.E. In fact, they usually mean that a kid behaves badly when feeling angry.F. Instead of thinking of the person you’re angry with, think of something else.G. Some kids get angry more often or more easily than some other kids.IV。
新世纪研究生英语教材新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读C课文译文（正确版..
新世纪研究生英语教材新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读C课文译文(正确版)导读：就爱阅读网友为您分享以下“新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读C课文译文(正确版)”资讯，希望对您有所帮助，感谢您对的支持!新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读C课文译文上课篇章：1、3、4、5、7、11、13、14Unit one1.人文学科是否只是一种无用的装饰品，是我们陈旧过时的教育体系中发育不全的附属体?在一个也许更需要强调人文学科的重要性的时代里，是否相反过分强调了技术的重要性?我们究竟该不该在学校里不厌其烦地教授人文学科?这些是常常困扰教育家和理性思想家的问题.让我们在更宽的范国内研究这些问题.因为我们文化遗产的传承在一定程度上取决于对这些问题的回答。
2.人文学科不是一种单纯的工具，也不会促成一般意义上的进步。
无论从广泛的文化意义上还是从狭隘的学术意义上讲。
人文学科的价值更富有个性和永久性。
不管哪一代，总有人会在这世上碰上书籍、音乐、艺术品和剧院，并本能地被这些东西所吸引。
这些人长大后，对他们所喜欢的东西形成了一种根深蒂固的嗜好，也偏爱和他们有着同样爱好的人。
而更多的人，尽管不那么专注，但也时也表现出对艺术活动有相似的爱好。
这两个群体的人已经足以让其他人感受到他们所欣赏的东西在印常生活中的存在。
3.于是，建筑及其装饰艺术，如邮局墙面上的壁饰或是复原的威廉斯堡，强加给了成百上千万人，如果任其自然，这些人就会生活在洞穴或帐篷里面;于是报纸和杂志重现照片，复述历史，评论艺术(不管是古老的还是当代的)，批评音乐和书籍，撰写有关艺术家生活和思想的文章——简言之，去迎合少数人的需求，而这少数人以他们奇特的品味影响着我们所有的人。
4.于是，公共图书馆、博物馆、公园音乐会还有餐间广播节目把这些特殊内容的产物（像人们所谓的那样)“提供给所有的人”。
因此，当我们老生常谈地说是科学主宰现代世界的时候，我们必须立即加上这么一句话:是艺术赋予了这同一世界形状和色彩；它最悦耳的声音和意义是由音乐和诗歌赋予的，它的类别、特征、流行口号是由哲学、小说和历史斌予的。
研词电子讲义Unit13
Unit 13complaint1.plainplain3.explain explanationnecessity1.necessary2.necessarilynecessity2015翻译Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe.参考译文：不可避免地，殖民地时期的美国反映出欧洲的特点。
release1.leashunchreleaserelease2014阅读4"The Heart of the Matter," the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.参考译文：美国人文与科学院（AAAS）最新发布的研究报告《问题的核心》值得称赞，因为其肯定了人文学科和社会科学对美国自由民主体制的安全和繁荣的重要性。
operate1.operation2.operational3.operatorfade2017翻译(46) but even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.参考译文：(46) 但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，仍有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读a课文翻译
Unit 21.在1858年第一根横穿大西洋的通讯电缆铺设成功时，维多利亚时代的积极分子们曾欢呼说：“像电报这种为世界各国交流思想的工具诞生之后；那些根深蒂固的偏见与敌意不可能再长时间存在了。
”甚至在今天，人们仍以同样的口吻谈论着各种新技术．生物工程被说成是解决温饱问题的妙方。
人类基因组的排序据说可以彻底根治癌症和其他疾病．然而，人们把最盲目乐观的想法倾注在了因特网上。
网络专家们的整个行业曾用令人驰神往的美妙话语（并因此而获得了不菲的收入）称，因特网可以防止战争、减少污染；还能克服种种形式的不平等。
然而，尽管因特网出现的时间不长，依旧足以激起理想主义的灵感，但它存在的时间也已长得足以判断预言家的预言正确与否了。
2.所有的断言中最为美妙的便是麻省理学院的一些专家们所宣称的：因特网是一种潜在的和平力量。
一位权威尼十拉斯内格罗蓬特说，正是由于因特网的存在，来来的孩子们“将不知道民族主义为何物”。
他的同事迈克尔德托索斯曾写道，数字化通信将带来“计算机辅助下的和平”，它“有助于避免未来种族仇恨的爆发和国家分裂的发生”。
他的理念是改进了的通信手段将减少误解；避免冲突。
3.可惜啊！这种断言并不比有关其他新技术可能促进和平的说法新鲜到哪里去。
在20世纪初，人们认为飞机的发明将有助于结束战争，因为它可以增进国际间的交往，使陆军变得陈旧过时（虽然这种说法不那么可信）——因为陆军容易受到来自空中的打击。
在第一次世界大战的现实使这些想法都成为泡影之后，人们又把希望寄托在收音机上。
“国与国之间将和平相见；”这是英国BBC电台全球广播使用的一句很好的标语。
可悲的是，卢旺达电台并不认为收音机生来是一种一劳永逸的和平力量。
4.人们所犯的错误就在于他们认为战争的爆发是由于不同种族间缺乏充分的理解而引起的。
其实；即使真的如此；因特网也同样可用于鼓动冲突、充满憎恨的演说和偏狭的见解在阴暗的角落里滋生蔓延，政府却感到难以于预、不可否认，尽管因特网可以增进交流，它却无法消除战争。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材a 2-6单元课文翻译
课文翻译Unit 21.在1858年第一根横穿大西洋的通讯电缆铺设成功时，维多利亚时代的积极分子们曾欢呼说：“像电报这种为世界各国交流思想的工具诞生之后；那些根深蒂固的偏见与敌意不可能再长时间存在了。
”甚至在今天，人们仍以同样的口吻谈论着各种新技术．生物工程被说成是解决温饱问题的妙方。
人类基因组的排序据说可以彻底根治癌症和其他疾病．然而，人们把最盲目乐观的想法倾注在了因特网上。
网络专家们的整个行业曾用令人驰神往的美妙话语（并因此而获得了不菲的收入）称，因特网可以防止战争、减少污染；还能克服种种形式的不平等。
然而，尽管因特网出现的时间不长，依旧足以激起理想主义的灵感，但它存在的时间也已长得足以判断预言家的预言正确与否了。
2.所有的断言中最为美妙的便是麻省理学院的一些专家们所宣称的：因特网是一种潜在的和平力量。
一位权威尼十拉斯内格罗蓬特说，正是由于因特网的存在，来来的孩子们“将不知道民族主义为何物”。
他的同事迈克尔德托索斯曾写道，数字化通信将带来“计算机辅助下的和平”，它“有助于避免未来种族仇恨的爆发和国家分裂的发生”。
他的理念是改进了的通信手段将减少误解；避免冲突。
3.可惜啊！这种断言并不比有关其他新技术可能促进和平的说法新鲜到哪里去。
在20世纪初，人们认为飞机的发明将有助于结束战争，因为它可以增进国际间的交往，使陆军变得陈旧过时（虽然这种说法不那么可信）——因为陆军容易受到来自空中的打击。
在第一次世界大战的现实使这些想法都成为泡影之后，人们又把希望寄托在收音机上。
“国与国之间将和平相见；”这是英国BBC电台全球广播使用的一句很好的标语。
可悲的是，卢旺达电台并不认为收音机生来是一种一劳永逸的和平力量。
4.人们所犯的错误就在于他们认为战争的爆发是由于不同种族间缺乏充分的理解而引起的。
其实；即使真的如此；因特网也同样可用于鼓动冲突、充满憎恨的演说和偏狭的见解在阴暗的角落里滋生蔓延，政府却感到难以于预、不可否认，尽管因特网可以增进交流，它却无法消除战争。
新世纪研究生公共英语阅读a期末翻译复习
UNIT 1英译汉（1、4段）1.When I was a boy，there was but one permanent ambition among my comrades in our village on the west bank of theMississippi River. That was to be a steamboatman. We had transient ambition of other sorts, but they were only transient. When a circus came and went, it left us all burning to become clowns; the first negro minstrel show that came to our section left us all suffering to try that kind of life; now and then we had a hope that if we lived and were good, God would permit us to be pirates. These ambitions faded out, each in its turn; but the ambition to be a steamboatman always remained.当我还是个小男孩时就一直有一个梦想-成为一名水手.我和小伙伴们生长在密西西比河西岸的一个小村庄,当时所有的伙伴们都梦想有朝一日成为一名水手.当为我们渐渐长大,随着环境和机遇的不同,我们的理想变了又变.当马戏团来表演时,就想当小丑；当黑人的境况每见日下,即使环境糟糕到上帝都允许我们成为海盗,我们还依旧希望能过上幸福的生活.当这些雄心壮志,日见离我们远去,昔日中那个-成为水手的梦想依然永存心间.4.Two or three of the boys had long been person of consideration among us because they had been to St. Louis once and had a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory was over now.有两三个男孩长期以来一直是我们中的一员，因为他们曾去过圣路易斯，对它的奇迹有一个笼统的了解，但他们荣耀的日子已经过去了。
Unit 13每日练习解析1
1. To think or believe something will happen. A. problem B. expect C. station D. native 答案：B 解析：想或认为某事会发生，你会期待。 2. A situation that is unsatisfactory and causes difficulties for people. A. problem B. expect C. station D. native 答案：A 解析：当一种情况不满意并且给人带来困难，我们叫它问题。 3. A building by a railway track where trains stop so that people can get on or off. A. problem B. expect C. station D. native 答案：C 解析：在铁轨旁的一栋楼，火车在那里停靠，人们可以上下车的地方是火车站。
4. We ______ back tomorrow. A. will are B. shall be C. are D. is going to be 答案：B 解析：tomorrow是一般将来时的标志词，C是一般现在时，Shall用于一般将来时与第一人称连用，B正确，A把are变成be，D把is改成are。 5. ______ she ______ help Tim again on Sunday? A. Will; going to B. Is; going to C. Is; going D. Will; going 答案：B 解析：考察be going to的疑问句式，不存在will going to的形式。 6. They ______ a party tonight. A. are going to have B. shall have C. are going to having D. shall having 答案：A 解析：tonight是一般将来时的标志词，tonight“今天晚上”，事情还未发生。be going to 表示将来时，后+ 动词原形（do), 因此选择 A。 7. --- Are you going to swimming with Jim this afternoon? --- No, ______. A. I’m. B. I am. C. I’m not. D. I am not. 答案：C 解析：No 为否定词，后面的句子也为否定形式，还要注意 I am 需缩写为“I’m”,因此，选择 C。 8. He ______ very busy this week, but he ______ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. is; will be D. will be; will be 答案：C 解析：this week是一般现在时的标志词，next week 为将来时标志词。因此，选择 C。 9. She ______ me ______ at the airport this evening. A. see; out B. saw; out C. sees; out D. will see; out 答案：D 解析：“她今天晚上将会在机场外面看到”。事情还没发生，因此为将来时，选择 D。 10. ______ they ______ football next weekend? A. Will; play B. Will; played C. Did; play D. Do; play 答案：A 解析：next weekend 为将来时标志词，一般疑问句中用Will 做一般疑问词，同时在疑问句中，实意动词应为动词原形。因此，选择 A。
大学所有课程答案(整理完整版)
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新世纪研究生公共英语教材
Unit One Party PoliticsPre-reading Activityball,prom,masque, cocktail partyball: a formal gathering for social dancing.prom: (shortening for “promenade”), a formal dance held for a high-school or college class typically at or near the end of the academic year.masque: (or masquerade) a costume party at which masks are worn; a masked ball.cocktail party: a party at which different kinds of drinks or beverages are served. This type of party can range from extremely formal very casual. For instance there areCocktails and Cocktail Party - Guests are mostly standing and dress attire(服装)can range from business to casual. Cocktail Buffet - Small tables and chairs areset up for guests after they fill up their plates at the buffet station. The attire isusually formal or business attire. This event can last 2-3 hours. CocktailReception - The most formal event. Attire is very dressy for women and usuallyblack tie for men. The reception can be held for a distinguished guest of honor orevent, such as an opening of a new performing arts center or film premier. There isso much food that the reception can count as dinner and Champagne is alwaysserved.Background informationJudith Martin(1938-- )：a columnist. She was born in Washington DC of the United States and graduated from Wellesley College. She lived in various foreign capitals as a child, as her father, a United Nations economist, was frequently transferred. She worked at the Washington Post for 25 years, covering social events at the White House and the embassies, before becoming a theater and drama critic. As she spent her time as a reporter, she became aware of the fact that manners and proper etiquette was slowly diminishing in the United States. In 1978, she created the Miss Manners column answering questions on etiquette. The column is now syndicated. She has written ten books and two novels.As her work as Miss Manners grew, situations began to arise that had never been broached before. She was called upon to provide answers to difficult situation. These answers have become the basis for polite society today. Her columns, as well as her books, have become the guidelines for handling everything from rude clerks to the proper way of handling second and third marriages. Her sly wit made reading about etiquette downright fun. She once explained that etiquette “ is about all of human social behavior” and is “a little social contract we make that we will restrain some of our more provocative impulses in return for living more or less harmoniously.” ( from an interview with Judith Martin by the Psychology magazine in 1998).Miss Manners: The fictional figure created by columnist Judith Martin. It appears in columns of varied newspapers and magazines in the United States.(Portrait of Judith Martin )(The book cover of one of the books by J.Martin) receiving line: A line of people formed to greet arriving guests individually, as at a formal gathering. This custom still survives to this day. It is a quaint and deadly dull tradition which is often practiced at wedding receptions, funerals, and almost anyplace where the food is really good.Party PoliticsJudith Martin(1. Translation) Etiqutete at an office party? Why, these people have been socializing happily every working day of their lives, give or take a few melees, rumors, and complaint petitions. All it takes to turn this into holiday merriment is a bit of greenery looped around the office—the staff will soon be looped, too. Surely it is enough that the annual Christmas party has the magic ingredients: time off from work, free food and drink, and a spirit of fun replacing such ugly work realities as sexual harassment.(2. Translation) Furthermore, partygoers figure, it offers relief from such pesky obligations as thanking anyone or bei ng kind to wallflowers because there really aren’t any hosts. Nobody has to pay (that same Nobody who generously provides the telephone line for long-distance personal calls), and so nobody’s feelings need be considered.(3. Translation) This is all pure hospitality—there for the taking, like the office-supplied felt-tipped pens everyone has been pocketing all year. Out of the natural goodness of its corporate heart and the spirit of theholiday season, the company wishes only to give its employees a roaring good time, and the employees, out of loyalty and the thrill of getting to know their bosses off-duty as equals, delight in the opportunity.(4. Translation) For those still dimly aware of the once-standard give-and-take of real social life, this no-fault approach to business entertaining seems a godsend. In the now-rare domain of genuine society, hosts are supposed to plan and pay for the entertainment of their guests, on their own time and in their own houses. Guests have strict duties, as well—from answering invitations to cooperating with all arrangements, even to the extent of pronouncing them perfectly lovely.(5. Translation) Business entertaining appears to remove the burdens of time, effort, money, individual responsibility—and the etiquette connected with them. The people who do the planning are paid for their trouble, so those who benefit need not consider they have incurred a debt. Why, the annual Christmas party ought to be an inspiration to lower-level employees to work their way into realms where company-sponsored partying can be enjoyed all year long.(6. Translation) Not so fast. Flinty Miss Manners does not recognize any holidays from etiquette. (Employees, if not employers, should consider themselves lucky that she is only on the Party Committee, not the one that might take up ethical questions about those pens and calls.) Office parties differ from private ones but are no freer from rules.(7. Translation) If it were indeed true that everyone has a better time without etiquette, Miss Manners could easily be persuaded to take the day off. But having long served on the Office Party Etiquette Cleanup subcommittee, she is aware that things generally do not go well when there is no recognized etiquette and everyone is forced to improvise.(8. Translation) Let us look at all this spontaneous, carefree fun: There being no proper place for the boss, he or she hangs around the door, concerned about mixing with everyone. It might discourage hospitable bosses to see guests staring at them in horror and then slithering in by a side door. But etiquette’s solution of having everyone greeted in a receiving line was rejected as too stiff. So one can hardly blame employees for recalling a long-ingrained principle of the workplace: Seeing the boss and having a good time are best not scheduled at the same time.(9. Translation) Desperate to make the time count, the boss grabs the nearest available person and starts delivering practiced words about the contribution he makes to their great enterprise. The reaction is not quite what was hoped for. Discreet questioning establishes that this is an employee’s guest.He doesn’t work for the company, recognize the boss, or appreciate the attention—and, as a matter of fact, has only a passing acquaintance with the employee who issued the invitation. What this guest wants is not professional fellowship but a fresh drink, if the boss would kindly step out of the way.(10. Translation) Now, the reason the invitation said “and guest” was to avoid the ticklish issue of who is still married to whom and what the spouse calls itself. Last year, unmarried employees were furious when their partners were not included, and married employees complained that the forms by which their spouses were addressed were offensive: “Mrs.” offended women who preferred “Ms.,” and wives who had the same surnames outraged everybody who didn’t. This year, the complaints will be from spouses who were not told that there was a party or who were told that spouses weren’t invited—but found out otherwise. There won’t be many complaints. They will, however, be memorable, darkly charging the company with promoting immorality.(11. Translation) Meanwhile, what about those who are interested in promoting a bit of immorality, or just plain romance, of their own? They, too, are creating problems that will reach far into the new year. True office romances are the least of them, with their charges of favoritism and melding professional and personal time. More serious is the fact that, in spite of the liquor and high spirits, it still counts as sexual harassment when anyone with supervisory powers makes unreciprocated overtures to a lower-ranking employee. And foolhardy when a lower-ranking employee annoys a higher-ranking one.(12. Translation) Some employees have their minds only on business and will be spending party time actively promoting workaday concerns. Remembering the company rhetoric about open communications and all being in this together, they will actually seek out the boss, who by this time is grateful to be addressed by anyone at all.(13. Translation) But they don’t want to engage in platitudes. They accept compliments with: “Well, then how about a raise?” They plead for pr omotions, explain confidentially who ought to be fired, and advance previously submitted ideas about revolutionizing the business that have been unaccountably unappreciated for years. In one evening, they manage to cut through the entire hierarchy and procedures the boss has painstakingly established for the purpose of being spared this kind of importuning.(14. Translation) Eventually—usually somewhat late in the party—it occurs to someone that this informal setting is just the time to offer the boss some constructive personal criticism. What else does talking frankly and informally mean but an invitation to unload opinions without any career consequence?(15. Translation) Here is where the company has pulled a fast one on its employees. “Go ahead,” it has said, “relax, have a good time, forget about the job.” And the naive have taken this at face value. This event is called a party—a place where one lets loose without worrying about being judged by the cold standard of professional usefulness.(16. Translation) Even employees who adhere strictly to standard business dress in the office may not know what the bosses might consider vulgar in evening wear. Here is a chance to show off their racy and imaginative off-duty clothes. But over there are supervisors murmuring that people who look like that can’t really be sent out to represent the company.(17. Translation) Worse are the comments on anyone whose idea of fun is a little boisterous. It may be just the behavior that makes one a delight—or a trial—to one’s friends. But here, it is not being offered for the delight or tolerance of friends. It is being judged on criteria other than whether the person is a riot.(18. Translation) It is not that Miss Manners wants to spoil the office party by these warnings. She just wants to prevent it from spoiling careers. And the solution is what was banished from the party for being too inhibiting: etiquette.(19. Translation) The first formality that must come back is inviting everyone by name. The practice of merely counting every invitation as two is as dangerous as it is unflattering. But people who have been clearly identified and told that they must respond—the suggestion must be made neutrally, to show that the party is a treat, not a requirement—already have some sense that they are both individually sought after and expected to be responsible.(20. Translation) What constitutes a couple is a murkier question than Miss Manners and any sensible employer ought to investigate, but employees simply can be asked to supply the name of a spouse or friend they want to invite. (An office party can be limited by confining it to employees, in which case it should be held during office hours. But inviting spouses and such is better. Having to work is enough distraction from one’s more intimate relationships, and the staff was not compiled like a guest list, according to personal compatibility.)(21. Translation) Since we have established, Miss Manners hopes, that the point of an office party is not whooping it up or telling people off, what is it? It is showing appreciation of the staff.(22. Translation) This starts with a well-run receiving line. However much popular opinion may regard receiving lines as nasty ordeals, they were invented to be, and remain, the easiest way to get everyone recognized by the key people. The oldest receiving-line trick in the world still works: Someone whose business it is to know everyone—or someone unimportant enough to be able to ask each guest his name—announces the guests to the host as they go through the line. The host can then scornfully declare: “Ofcourse I know Annette. We couldn’t run this place without her.” For extra charm, the employee’s guest is also told how wonderful that employee is. This always seems more sincere than straight-out flattery, and from then on, whenever the employee complains that everyone at the office is an idiot, the spouse will counter by repeating that appreciation.(23. Translation) It is often erroneously assumed that the style of the party ought to be what employees are used to: their own kind of music, food, and other things the executive level believes itself to have outgrown. Nonsense. What employees want is a taste of high-level entertaining. This may vary greatly according to the nature of the business. If, however, the party is too formal for the empl oyees’ taste, they’ll get a good laugh and enjoy the contrast all the more when they continue partying on their own afterward.(24. Translation) The clever employee will dress as the executives do, keeping in mind that there are few fields in which people are condemned for looking insufficiently provocative. Refusing or limiting drinks is not the handicap at business parties that it may be under the overly hospitable eye of a private host. And the real opportunity for career advancement is not petitioning a boss but rescuing one who has been cornered or stranded, thus demonstrating that one knows how to talk charmingly about nonbusiness matters.(25. Translation) At the end, there is another receiving line. That is, the bosses plant themselves conspicuously by the exit, grabbing the hand of anyone trying to get away and thanking him for coming. Even the dimmest guest will then realize it is appropriate to thank back—that is, to realize that something has been offered and deserves gratitude.(26. Translation) After all, isn’t that why the office Christmas party is given?(27. Translation) If the only goal were for the company to show the staff its appreciation, this could be effectively done with a day off and a bonus to go with it.Paraphrases and Language Points1.etiquette, propriety, protocol, decorum (para.1)These nouns refer to codes governing correct behavior (礼仪、礼节).etiquette and the plural form proprieties denote the forms of conduct prescribed in polite society.e.g. ——Man is a slave to etiquette.——Even when she was angry, she observed the proprieties.protocol refers to the official etiquette observed in affairs of state. The word now often denotes simply a code of correct conduct:e.g. ——The visiting prime minister, dispensing with protocol, exchanged informal reminiscences with her neighbor at the table.—— Graduation exercises had to be consistent with academic protocol.decorum and the singular form propriety denote conformity with established standardsof manners or behavior.e.g. —— One hour of life, crowded to the full with glorious action is worth whole years of those mean observances of paltry decorum?—— He was afraid that, from some obscure motive of propriety she would bring Janetwith her.2.melee (para.1): a confused, hand-to-hand fighting in a pitched battle or confused, tumultuous mingling, as of a crowd.e.g. —— The man tried hard to push his way through a melee of bicycles and crowd.—— During the rush-hour melee, John lost his briefcase.3.petition(para.1): a solemn request to a superior authority (as a noun) or to ask for or request formally (as a verb).e.g. ——The town’ s people sent a petition to the government asking for electric light for the town.—— They petitioned for an early end to the fighting.4.pesky(para.2) : being troublesome or annoying.e.g. —— He could not sleep last night because of the pesky mosquito.—— The pesky weather could only worsen her sorrow and frustration.5.Nobody has to pay (that same Nobody who generously provides the telephone line for long-distance personal calls), and so nobody’s feelings need be considered.(para.2)In this sentence, the three “nobody” connotes that everything in the office party is free since there is not any host in the traditional sense.6.thrill (para.3): to cause to feel a sudden intense sensation (as a verb) or a source or cause of excitement or emotion (as a noun).e.g. —— The traveler thrilled us with his stories.—— It gave me a thrill to know I had passed the examination.7.For those still dimly aware of the once-standard give-and-take of real social life, this no-fault approach to business entertaining seems a godsend.(papa. 4)In this sentence, the expression “the once-standard give-and-take” refers to the conventional idea that if one wants to take or gain something he has to give or pay at the same time. The word “no-fault” means being free from duty or obligation.8.incur (para.5) : to acquire or come into (something usually undesirable).e.g. ——More than half of these companies incurred substantial losses during the stockmarket crash.—— His irresponsibility and dishonesty incurred the anger of his friends.9.Flinty Miss Manners does not recognize any holidays from etiquette.(para.6)This is a metaphorical expression implying that etiquette or appropriate deeds of act are still necessary for the more relaxing occasion such as a party.10.hang around (para.8) : to spend time idly or to keep company with someone else.e.g. —— Having no mood to read the books, he hanged around on campus.—Her parents wanted to know more about the friends their daughter has been hanging around with for the past several months.11.ingrained(para.8) : being firmly established or deep-seated.e.g. ——It an ingrained prejudice that intelligence concerns one’s skin color.—— No one can persuade him to get rid of the ingrained habits of a decade.12.Discreet questioning establishes that this is an employee’s guest. (para.9)This sentence means that the by way of asking several questions in a careful and clever way the boss finds out that the guest is not one of the employees in the company.discreet: marked by, exercising, or showing prudence and wise self-restraint in speech and behaviore.g. ——The secretary is very discreet. She never tells anyone unconcerned anything aboutthe company's business.—— One should drive at a discreet distance from the vehicles ahead.13.a passing acquaintance (para.9): someone with whom one is not very familiar except seeingor greeting for one or two times.14. Now, the reason the invitation said “and guest”…(para.10)In this sentence, “and guest” refers to the expression commonly written on an invitation meaning the partner the invitee is with for attending a party.15.They will, however, be memorable, darkly charging the company with promotingimmorality.(para.10)These spouses who did not go to the party would remember this event and accuse thecompany for encouraging their employees to tell lies. The word immorality in this sentence indicates the act of lying or cheating the spouse.16.True office romances are the least of them, with their charges of favoritism and melding professional and personal time.(para.11)This sentence mplies that generally those who intend to have some romantic affairs will not develop a relation with a colleague of the company because such a behavior will be regarded as inappropriate. And persons who do have such a romantic relation would tend to be criticized as favoring one particular employee over others or mixing business with private life.favoritism: a display of partiality toward a favored person or groupe.g. —— It was a badly run enterprise where the management appointed people by favoritism.—— During those years, the joint ventures investing in this special economic development zone enjoyed substantial public favoritism from local government.meld: to mix or combinee.g. —— Looking afar from the beach, swimmers could see the white clouds and an azure skymelded.— The new prescription is claimed to be a meld of traditional Chinese and western medicine.17.unreciprocated (para.11): not showing or giving in response or returne.g. —— The clerk was disappointed when realizing that his business proposal was actually an unreciprocated one.—— Good wishes should never be unreciprocated.18.have one’s mind on (para.12): mind or care about somethinge.g. —— Peter has his mind on cars, he never talks about anything else.—— Mary cannot forget her first lover and she will probably have her mind on him for the rest of her life.19.platitude (para.13): a cliché or banal remarke.g. —— There is nothing original in his article but a pile of words and expressions full of platitudes.—— This book on etiquette is no more than water-and- milk platitude.20.unaccountably (para.13): surprising or not easily explainede.g. —— The photographer was enraged because his works was unaccountably withdrawn fromthe gallery.——The young man had to see the doctor for his recent unaccountably forgetful behavior.21.In one evening, they manage to cut through the entire hierarchy and procedures theboss has painstakingly established for the purpose of being spared this kind ofimportuning.(para.13)This sentence means that those business-minded employees hope to have a promotion or have their business ideas appreciated or proposals approved by their bosses in a shortest time.But actually the bosses have worked for years to build up the steps or blocks which areintended to avoid employees to make such a request.spare of: to avoid or to be free frome.g. —— You might have a relief once you are spared of all the duties.—— He tried his best to be spared of trouble in this project.importune: to ask for urgently or repeatedly.e.g. —— The child importuned the mother to take him to the amusement park again.——Don’t give him money. He would only importune more for it from you.22.What else does talking frankly and informally mean but an invitation to unload opinionswithout any career consequence? (para.14)This sentence means that the idea of frank and free talk implies one could speak out to the boss without worrying that his career would be affected by the not-so-nice words towards the boss.23.pull a fast on sb.(para.15): to play a trick on someone as in a magic show24.let loose(para.15): to give someone freedom or the chance to make changes or be in chargee.g. —— Who let the teacher loose on that class?—— An inexperienced politician should not be let loose to run the party.25.What constitutes a couple is a murkier question than Miss Manners and any sensible employer ought to investigate…(para.20)This sentence implies that it is very difficult to know who and who will come to the party as a couple.26.Having to work is enough distraction from one’s more intimate relationships, and the staff was not compiled like a guest list, according to personal compatibility.(para.20) This sentence means that working away from home has affected the close relationship among family members. If the employees’ spouses or friends are not invited to the party, theinvitations would not look like the guest lists in the real sense which identify guests together with their agreeable or harmonious partners.compatibility: the ability of existing or performing in harmonious, agreeable, or congenial combination with another or others:e.g. ——More and more people realize that spending quality time together is one of the bestways to enhance the compatibility of family relationships.—— The negotiators have attempted to prove that compatibility between the two political parties is not only possible but also feasible.27.whoop it up (para.21): to have a wild and enjoyable time usually with drink (alcohol)e.g. ——Let’s go to the party and whoop it up.—— The graduates whooped it up all night in the disco.28.tell off (para.21): to find fault with someonee.g. —— The director told John off for being late for work again.——If we don’t want to be told off, we’d better hurry up in processing the task.27. counter(para.22): to go against or opposee.g. —— It turned out that what he had done countered his promise.—— To my surprise, she countered my proposal with one of her own29.outgrow (para.23): to lose or discard in the course of maturatione.g. ——During the stay in the city all by herself he outgrew her youthful idealism—— When he turned into his forties, he seemed to outgrow all the bad habits he had formed for years.30.The clever employee will dress as the executives do, keeping in mind that are few fields in which people are condemned for looking insufficiently provocative.(para.24)This sentence means that the smart employee will wear the same or similar style of clothes as that of the boss because they understand that less bold or vulgar dress is safer and will be free from blame and unfavorable judgment by others.provocative: causing or interest or other emotive reactione.g. —— Inspired by the provocative speech delivered by that politician, the demonstrators marched to the city hall to have a sit-in.—— What the opponents have done are highly provocative.31.Refusing or limiting drinks is not the handicap at business parties that it may be underthe overly hospitable eye of a private host.(para.24)This sentence implies that at office parties the guests could refuse to drink or drink as less as they like without being complained. But at a private party, due to the hospitality of the host and out of politeness, the guests have to drink more than they want to.32.corner(para.24): to force someone into a difficult or threatening situatione.g. —— The company was cornered for the last business quarter due to the sluggish market.—— The police cornered the bank robber in the building.strand(para.24): to bring into or leave in a difficult or helpless positione.g. —— The convoy was stranded in the desert.—— He was stranded in the strange town without money or friends.Key to ExercisesI. Comprehension CheckMultiple Choice1. D2. C3. D4. A5. B6. D7. D8. C9. A 10. BParaphrase1. Paraphrase: A small piece of lawn outside the office will create the same merry atmosphere as that of a holiday and the staff will easily enjoy themselves.Rhetoric feature: humor and use of pun, e.g. looped2. Paraphrase: Since it seems that the office party is free, the participants feel greatly relaxed. They no longer care about the annoying etiquette rules for common gatherings such as expressing gratefulness to the host or showing consideration towards others in the parties.Rhetoric feature: humor and sarcasm3. Paraphrase: Thanks to the generous hosts, everything at the office party is free and party-goers can take away anything they would like such as some office stationery they have been taking home all the time. Rhetoric feature: sarcasm and humor4. Paraphrase: Some party-goers may still be aware of the reality in life, that is, if you want to take you have to give. For these people, such free office party looks like a generous gift from the god.Rhetoric feature: humor and simile5. Paraphrase: The rules for etiquette still need to be observed in every kind of parties.Rhetoric feature: sarcasm and metaphor6. Paraphrase: The warmhearted hosts may feel annoyed and depressed when they see that the guests are unwilling to approach them and try to keep away from them as much as possible.Rhetoric feature: sarcasm and humor7. Paraphrase:In writing an invitation, the host tended to use “and guest” rather than “and spouse” or “and Mrs./Mr./Ms so and so” in order to avoid problems or angers resulted from the ignorance of the guests’ identities or families.Rhetoric feature: sarcasm and humor8. Paraphrase: The employees intend to cross the ranks and gaps between them and their bosses in one evening. But such differences are actually what the bosses have tried to establish through years-long efforts. Rhetoric feature: sarcasm and humor9. Paraphrase: As a matter of fact, the company has cheated its employees.Rhetoric feature: sarcasm and metaphor。