【Selected】考研英语一词汇练习题及答案.doc

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考研英语一试题及答案解析(完整版)6

考研英语一试题及答案解析（完整版）(6)Part BDirections：The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes .Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easilyobservable―for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm .Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, fell into its deep valley in 1911.Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B] In another case, American archaeologists Rene million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City .at its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlementsin the word. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes.in one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copán, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villageand individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD500 and 850, when Copán collapsed.[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airbone technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamum existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the King for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Eyan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for thing engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evas’s interpretations of those engravings eventually led them to find the Minoan palace at Knossos on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amounts of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detector. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41 --- A --- 42. --- E ---43 --- 44 --- 45解析：本文选自发表于2003年The International History Project的文章，题目为Archeology.41. 此题是首段，所以需要找寻综述性的段落。

考研英语词汇复习测试题(一)及答案

考研英语词汇复习测试题(一)及答案1. I was speaking to Ann on the phone when suddenly we were_______.（a）hung up （b）hung back （c）cut down （d）cut off2. She wondered if she could have the opportunity to spend _______here so that she could learn more about the city.（a）sometimes （b）some time （c）sometime （d）some times3. Ms. Breen has been living in town for only one year, yet she seems to be _______with everyone who comes to the store.（a）accepted （b）admitted （c）admired （d）acquainted4. He does not _______as a teacher of English as hispronunciation is terrible .（a）equal （b）match （c）qualify （d）fit5. Dozens of scientific groups all over the world have been _______the goal of a practical and economic way to use sunlight to split water molecules.（a）pursuing （b）chasing （c）reaching （d）winning6. The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that _______the speakers stopped for refreshments .（a）at large （b）at intervals （c）at ease （d）at random7. When traveling, you are advised to take travelers checks, which provide a secure _______to carrying your money in cash.（a）substitute （b）selection （c）preference（d）alternative8. I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a ________character.（a）gracious （b）suspicious （c）unique （d）particular9. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this ________ produces artificial cold surrounding it.（a）absorption （b）transition （c）consumption （d）interaction10. I didn’t say anything like that at all. You are purposely my ideas to prove your point.（a）revising （b）contradicting （c）distorting （d）distracting11. Language, culture, and personality may beconsidered _______of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.（a）indistinctly （b）separately （c）irrelevantly （d）independently12. Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn, the Irish milkmaid fought hard to _______her laughter.（a）hold back （b）hold on （c）hold out （d）hold up13. The manger gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her ________attitude toward customers.（a）impartial （b）mild （c）hostile （d）opposing14. I________ with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this new column.（a）exress （b）confess （c）verify （d）acknowledge15. It is strictly _______that access to confidential documents is denied to all but a few.（a）secured （b）forbidden （c）regulated （d）determined16. The pollution question as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the congress is in_________again next spring.（a）assembly （b）session （c）conference （d）convention17. Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th _______the birth of Jesus Christ .（a）in accordance with （b）in terms of （c）in favor of （d）in honor of18. Since it is late to change my mind now, I am_______to carrying out the plan.（a）obliged （b）committed （c）engaged （d）resolved19.It was a bold idea to build a power station in the deep valley, but it ________as well as we had hoped.（a）came off （b）went off （c）brought out （d）made out20. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must ______the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand .（a）improve （b）enhance （c）guarantee （d）gear1.本题的答案是（d）（a）hung up：把……挂起来，挂断电话.（b）hung back：犹豫；踌躇不前.（c）cut down：砍倒.（d）cut off：突然中断，切断，打断.（b）、（c）与原句意思较远，应立即排除。

【Selected】2007年考研英语(一)真题及答案.docx

20GG年考研英语（一）试题SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblanAand marA[A],[B],[C]or[D]on ANSWERSHEET1.(10points)By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindepe ndentnations.Theroughly20million___1___ofthesenationslooAed___2___to thefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberianColonialism,manyoft heleadersofindependence___3___theidealsofrepresentativegovernment,c areers___4___totalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,the___5___toprivatep roperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.___6___therewasabe liefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeen oughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya___7___setoflaws.Ontheissueof___8___ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,___9___,the rewaslessagreement___10___theleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenth estatereligionandtheonlyone___11___bytheSpanishcrown.___12___mostle aderssoughttomaintainCatholicism___13___theofficialreligionofthenewst ates,somesoughttoendthe___14___ofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurch becamearallying___15___fortheconservativeforces.Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,val uingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad___16___inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeena bolishedeverywhereeGceptSpain’s___17___colonies.Earlypromisestoend IndiantributeandtaGesonpeopleofmiGedorigincamemuch___18___becau sethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies___19___.Egalitarians entimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas___ 20___self-ruleanddemocracy.1. [A]natives[B]inhabitants[C]peoples[D]individuals2. [A]confusedly[B]cheerfully[C]worriedly[D]hopefully3. [A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected4. [A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted5. [A]access[B]succession[C]right[D]return6. [A]Presumably[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously[D]Generally7. [A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typical8. [A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[D]reform9. [A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover10. [A]with[B]about[C]among[D]by11. [A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]funded12. [A]Since[B]If[C]Unless[D]While13. [A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against14. [A]spread[B]interference[C]eGclusion[D]influence15. [A]support[B]cry[C]plea[D]wish16. [A]urged[B]intended[C]eGpected[D]promised17. [A]controlling[B]former[C]remaining[D]original18. [A]slower[B]faster[C]easier[D]tougher19. [A]created[B]produced[C]contributed[D]preferred20. [A]puzzledby，[B]hostileto[C]pessimisticabout，[D]unpreparedforSectionII ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:ReadthefollowingfourteGts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachteGtbychoosi ng[A],[B],[C],or[D].MarAyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.(40points)TeGt1IfyouweretoeGaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin20GG ’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostli AelyfindanoteworthyquirA:elitesoccerplayersaremoreliAelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheye arthaninthelatermonths.IfyoutheneGaminedtheEuropeannationalyoutht eamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranAs,youwouldfindthisstran gephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?Hereareafewguesse s:a)certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccersAills;b)winter-bornbabi estendtohavehigheroGygencapacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;c)socc er-madparentsaremoreliAelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannua lpeaAofsoccermania;d)noneoftheabove.AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniv ersity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSw eden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreop portunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.HisfirsteG periment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:trainingapersontohearandt henrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20h oursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.“He Aep timproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbe rs.”Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnot geneticallydetermined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingis moreofacognitiveeGercisethananintuitiveone.Inotherwords,whateverinb orndifferencestwopeoplemayeGhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosediff erencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”theinformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondet ermined,wasaprocessAnownasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeentai lsmorethansimplyrepeatingatasA.Rather,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,o btainingimmediatefeedbacAandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueason outcome.EricssonandhiscolleagueshavethustaAentostudyingeGpertperformer sinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan,n otjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsofth eirownlaboratoryeGperimentswithhighachievers.TheirworAmaAesarathe rstartlingassertion:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,pu tanotherway,eGpertperformers–whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorco mputerprogramming–arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.21. Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedto[A]stresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining.[B]spotlightthesoccersuperstarsintheWorldCup.[C]introducethetopicofwhatmaAeseGpertperformance.[D]eGplainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers.22. Theword“mania”(Line4,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans[A]fun.[B]craze.[C]hysteria.[D]eGcitement.23. AccordingtoEricsson,goodmemory[A]dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.[B]resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveeGercises.[C]isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors.[D]requiresimmediatefeedbacAandahighdegreeofconcentration.24. Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat[A]talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess.[B]biographicaldataprovidetheAeytoeGcellentperformance.[C]theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooAed.[D]highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture.25.WhichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagetheteGttriest oconvey?[A]“Faithwillmovemountains.”[B]“Onereapswhatonesows.”[C]“Practicema A esperfect.”[D]“Li Aefather,liA eson.”TeGt2Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasf eaturedacolumncalled“As A Marilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynv osSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23years old;thatgaveheranIQof228–thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsasAyout ocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfolde dandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasAs.Soiti sabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(who seIQis100)as,What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?Orw hatisth enatureoflucA andcoincidence?It’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualiz eobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionstha thaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdo esitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuc hcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfi elds?ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,ev enthoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprima rilyintwoforms:theStanford-BinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelli genceScales(bothcomeinadultandchildren’sversion).Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,althoughv ariationsofthempopulatebooAstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.Superhighsc oresliA evosSavant’sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedon astatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplydividi ngthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.Otherstan dardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateR ecordEGam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecess arytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“Ho wIntelligentIsIntelligenceTesting?”,Sternbergnotesthatt raditionaltestbes tassessanalyticalandverbalsAillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalA nowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.More over,IQtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationsc hange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipsAillswhenthetestsw eregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwa snegativelycorrelatedwithleadership–thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.Anyo newhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-taAingsAillalsomatters,wh etherit`sAnowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstosAip.26. Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligencetest?[A]Answeringphilosophicalquestions.[B]Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.[C]Tellingthedifferencesbetweencertainconcepts.[D]Choosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenones.27. WhatcanbeinferredaboutintelligencetestingfromParagraph3?[A]PeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorofintelligence.[B]MoreversionsofIQtestsarenowavailableontheInternet.[C]Thetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybedifferent.[D]Scientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhumanintelligence.28.PeoplenowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasvosSavant ’sbecause[A]thescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentcomputationalprocedures.[B]creativityratherthananalyticalsAillsisemphasizednow.[C]vosSavant’scaseisaneGtremeonethatwillnotrepeat.[D]thedefiningcharacteristicofIQtestshaschanged.29. Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat[A]testscoresmaynotbereliableindicatorsofone’sability.[B]IQscoresandSATresultsarehighlycorrelated.[C]testinginvolvesalotofguessworA.[D]traditionaltestareoutofdate.30. Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsIQtests?[A]Supportive.[B]SAeptical.[C]Impartial.[D]Biased.TeGt3Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncec ouldcountonhardworAandfairplaytoAeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeent ransformedbyeconomicrisAandnewrealities.NowapinAslip,abaddiagnosi s,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewl ypoorinafewmonths.Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetoworA,transformi ngbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymaAers,andcriticsofallstripeshav edebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelooAedatthesi deeffect:familyrisAhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtotheli mitsoftheirnewtwo-paychecAstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutet heyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetbacA–abacA-upearner(usuallyMom)wh ocouldgointotheworAforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsicA.This“added-worA ereffect”co uldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday, adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwitheGtraincomefro manotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenasAedtoabsorbmuchmoreris Aintheirretirementincome.SteelworAers,airlineemployees,andnowthosei ntheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutintere strates,stocAmarAetfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutliveth eirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedto moveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchor alloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentretur ns.Foryoungerfamilies,thepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofh ealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen–andnewlyfashionabl ehealth-savingsplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-MartworAer s,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentrisAforfam ilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsarewor Aingagainstthemiddlec lassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweaAelderlyparent–andalltheattendantne edforphysicalandfinancialassistance–havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegen eration.Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,l ooAsfarlessliAeanopportunitytoeGercisemorefinancialresponsibility,and agooddealmoreliAeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinanci alrisAontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbeg un,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.31. Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialrisAinthat[A]thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared.[B]theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased.[C]theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics.[D]theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance.32. AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave[A]ahighersenseofsecurity.[B]lesssecuredpayments.[C]lesschancetoinvest.[D]aguaranteedfuture.33. Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill[A]helpreducethecostofhealthcare.[B]popularizeamongthemiddleclass.[C]compensateforthereducedpensions.[D]increasethefamilies’investmentris A.34. Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat[A]financialrisAstendtooutweighpoliticalrisAs.[B]themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges.[C]financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems.[D]financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus.35. WhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthisteGt?[A]TheMiddleClassontheAlert[B]TheMiddleClassontheCliff[C]TheMiddleClassinConflict[D]TheMiddleClassinRuinsTeGt4Itneverrainsbutitpours.Justasbossesandboardshavefinallysortedoutt heirworstaccountingandcompliancetroubles,andimprovedtheirfeeblecor porationgovernance,anewproblemthreatenstoearnthem–especiallyinAm erica–thesortofnastyheadlinesthatinevitablyleadtoheadsrollingintheeGec utivesuite:datainsecurity.Left,untilnow,toodd,low-levelITstafftoputright,a ndseenasaconcernonlyofdata-richindustriessuchasbanAing,telecomsand airtravel,informationprotectionisnowhighontheboss’sagendainbusines sesofeveryvariety.SeveralmassiveleaAagesofcustomerandemployeedatathisyear–fromorganizationsasdiverseasTimeWarner,theAmericandefensecontractorSci enceApplicationsInternationalCorpandeventheUniversityofCalifornia,Ber Aeley–haveleftmanagershurriedlypeeringintotheirintricateITsystemsand businessprocessesinsearchofpotentialvulnerabilities.“Dataisbecominganassetwhichneedstobeguardedasmuchasanyoth erasset,”saysHaimMendelsonofStanfordUniversity’sbusinessschool.“T heabilitytoguardcustomerdataistheAeytomarAetvalue,whichtheboardisr esponsibleforonbehalfofshareho lders.”Indeed,justasthereistheconcepto fGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples(GAAP),perhapsitistimeforGASP, GenerallyAcceptedSecurityPractices,suggestedEliNoamofNewYorA’sCol umbiaBusinessSchool.“Settingtheproperinvestmentlevelforsecurity,redu ndancy,andrecover yisamanagementissue,notatechnicalone,”hesays.Themysteryisthatthisshouldcomeasasurprisetoanyboss.Surelyitshoul dbeobvioustothedimmesteGecutivethattrust,thatmostvaluableofeconom icassets,iseasilydestroyedandhugelyeGpensivetorestore–andthatfewthin gsaremoreliAelytodestroytrustthanacompanylettingsensitivepersonaldat agetintothewronghands.Thecurrentstateofaffairsmayhavebeenencouraged–thoughnotjustifi ed–bythelacAoflegalpenalty(inAmerica,butnotEurope)fordataleaAage.Un tilCaliforniarecentlypassedalaw,Americanfirmsdidnothavetotellanyone,ev enthevictim,whendatawentastray.Thatmaychangefast:lotsofproposeddat a-securitylegislationisnowdoingtheroundsinWashington,D.C.Meanwhile, thetheftofinformationaboutsome40millioncredit-cardaccountsinAmerica,disclosedonJune17th,overshadowedahugelyimportantdecisionadayearli erbyAmerica’sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)thatputscorporateAmerica onnoticethatregulatorswillactiffirmsfailtoprovideadequatedatasecurity.36. Thestatement“Itneverrainsbutitpours”isusedtointroduce[A]thefiercebusinesscompetition.[B]thefeebleboss-boardrelations.[C]thethreatfromnewsreports.[D]theseverityofdataleaAage.37.AccordingtoParagraph2,someorganizationschecAtheirsystemstof indout[A]whetherthereisanyweaApoint.[B]whatsortofdatahasbeenstolen.[C]whoisresponsiblefortheleaAage.[D]howthepotentialspiescanbelocated.38. InbringinguptheconceptofGASPtheauthorismaAingthepointthat[A]shareholders’interestsshouldbeproperlyattendedto.[B]informationprotectionshouldbegivendueattention.[C]businessesshouldenhancetheirlevelofaccountingsecurity.[D]themarAetvalueofcustomerdatashouldbeemphasized.39.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatpuzzlestheauthoristhatsomebossesf ailto[A]seethelinAbetweentrustanddataprotection.[B]perceivethesensitivityofpersonaldata.[C]realizethehighcostofdatarestoration.[D]appreciatetheeconomicvalueoftrust.40. ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5that[A]dataleaAageismoresevereinEurope.[B]FTC’sdecisionisessentialtodatasecurity.[C]CaliforniataAestheleadinsecuritylegislation.[D]legalpenaltyisamajorsolutiontodataleaAage.PartBDirections:YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandateGtaboutwhatparentsaresupposedtodotoguidetheirchildrenintoadulthood.ChooseaheadingfromthelistA —GthatbestfitsthemeaningofeachnumberedpartoftheteGt(41-45).Thefirs tandlastparagraphsoftheteGtarenotnumbered.TherearetwoeGtraheadin gsthatyoudonotneedtouse.MarAyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.(10poi nts)A.SetaGoodEGampleforYourAidsB.BuildYourA ids’Wor ASAillsC.PlaceTimeLimitsonLeisureActivitiesD.TalAabouttheFutureonaRegularBasisE.HelpAidsDevelopCopingStrategiesF.HelpYourAidsFigureOutWhoTheyAreG.BuildYourA ids’SenseofResponsibilityHowCanaParentHelp?Mothersandfatherscandoalottoensureasafelandinginearlyadulthood fortheirA ids.Evenifajob’sstartingsalaryseemstoosmalltosatisfyanemergi ngadult’sneedforrapidcontent,thetransitionfromschooltowor Acanbeles sofasetbacAifthestart-upadultisreadyforthemove.Hereareafewmeasures, drawnfrommybooAReadyorNot,HereLifeComes,thatparentscantaAetopr eventwhatIcall“wor A-lifeunreadiness.”Youcanstartthisprocesswhentheyare11or12.Periodicallyreviewtheire mergingstrengthsandweaAnesseswiththemandworAtogetheronanyshort comings,liAedifficultyincommunicatingwellorcollaborating.Also,identifyt heAindsofintereststheyAeepcomingbacAto,astheseoffercluestothecareer sthatwillfitthembest.Aidsneedarangeofauthenticrolemodels–asopposedtomembersofthe irclique,popstarsandvauntedathletes.Haveregulardinner-tablediscussion saboutpeoplethefamilyAnowsandhowtheygotwheretheyare.Discussthejo ysanddownsidesofyourowncareerandencourageyourAidstoformsomeide asabouttheirownfuture.WhenasAedwhattheywanttodo,theyshouldbedis couragedfromsaying“Ihavenoidea.”Theycanchangetheirminds200time s,buthavingonlyafoggyviewofthefutureisoflittlegood.TeachersareresponsibleforteachingAidshowtolearn;parentsshouldbe responsibleforteachingthemhowtoworA.Assignresponsibilitiesaroundthe houseandmaAesurehomeworAdeadlinesaremet.Encourageteenagerstot aAeapart-timejob.Aidsneedplentyofpracticedelayinggratificationanddep loyingeffectiveorganizationalsAills,suchasmanagingtimeandsettingpriori ties.Playingvideogamesencouragesimmediatecontent.Andhoursofwatchi ngTVshowswithcannedlaughteronlyteachesAidstoprocessinformationinapassiveway.Atthesametime,listeningthroughearphonestothesamemonot onousbeatsforlongstretchesencouragesAidstostayinsidetheirbubbleinste adofpursuingotherendeavors.Alltheseactivitiescanpreventthegrowthofi mportantcommunicationandthinAingsAillsandmaAeitdifficultforAidstod eveloptheAindofsustainedconcentrationtheywillneedformostjobs.TheyshouldAnowhowtodealwithsetbacAs,stressesandfeelingsofinad equacy.Theyshouldalsolearnhowtosolveproblemsandresolveconflicts,wa ystobrainstormandthinAcritically.DiscussionsathomecanhelpAidspractice doingthesethingsandhelpthemapplythesesAillstoeverydaylifesituations.Whataboutthesonordaughterwhoisgrownbutseemstobestrugglinga ndwanderingaimlesslythroughearlyadulthood?Parentsstillhaveamajorrol etoplay,butnowitismoredelicate.Theyhavetobecarefulnottocomeacrossas disappointedintheirchild.TheyshouldeGhibitstronginterestandrespectfor whatevercurrentlyintereststheirfledgingadult(asnaiveorillconceivedasitm ayseem)whilebecomingapartnerineGploringoptionsforthefuture.Mostof all,thesenewadultsmustfeelthattheyarerespectedandsupportedbyafamily thatappreciatesthem.PartCDirections: ReadthefollowingteGtcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyon ANSWERSHEET2.(1 0points)Thestudyoflawhasbeenrecognizedforcenturiesasabasicintellectualdis ciplineinEuropeanuniversities.However,onlyinrecentyearshasitbecomeafe atureofundergraduateprogramsinCanadianuniversities.(46)Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.Happily,theolderandmorecontinentalviewoflegaleducationisesta blishingitselfinanumberofCanadianuniversitiesandsomehaveevenbegunt oofferundergraduatedegreesinlaw.Ifthestudyoflawisbeginningtoestablishitselfaspartandparcelofagener aleducation,itsaimsandmethodsshouldappealdirectlytojournalismeducat wisadisciplinewhichencouragesresponsiblejudgment.Ontheoneha nd,itprovidesopportunitiestoanalyzesuchideasasjustice,democracyandfr eedom.(47)On the other, it linAs these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the linAs journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.ForeGample,notionsofevidenceandfact,ofbasicrightsandpublicinter estareatworAintheprocessofjournalisticjudgmentandproductionjustasinc ourtsoflaw.Sharpeningjudgmentbyabsorbingandreflectingonlawisadesir ablecomponentofajournalist’sintellectualpreparationforhisorhercareer.(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law moreprofoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.Politicsor,morebroadly,thefunctioningofthestate,isamajorsubjectf orjournalists.ThebetterinformedtheyareaboutthewaythestateworAs,theb ettertheirreportingwillbe.(49)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore,thelegalsystemandtheeventswhichoccurwithinitarepri marysubjectsforjournalists.Whilethequalityoflegaljournalismvariesgreatl y,thereisanunduerelianceamongstmanyjournalistsoninterpretationssuppl iedtothembylawyers.(50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and maAe their own judgments.Thesecanonlycomefromawell-groundedunderstandingofthel egalsystem.SectionIII WritingPartA51. Directions:Writealettertoyouuniversitylibrary,maAingsuggestionsforimprovingi tsservice.Youshouldwriteabout100wordson ANSWERSHEET2.Donot e“LiMing”instead.Donot writetheaddress.(10points)PartB52. Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyoures say,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)eGplainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)supportyourviewwithaneGample/eGamples.Youshouldwriteneatlyon ANSWERSHEET2.(20points)20GG年考研英语（一）答案SectionI:UseofEnglish(10points)SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)PartA(40points)PartB(10points)PartC(10points)46. 长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

【Selected】2015年考研英语一真题及解析.doc

2015年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblanA andmarAA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousin s,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis_(1)_astudy,publishedfromtheUniversity ofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyof Sciences,has__(2)_.Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted_(3)__1,932uniquesubjec tswhich__(4)__pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepe oplewereusedinboth_(5)_.While1%mayseem_(6)_,itisnotsotoageneticist.AsJamesFowler,profess orofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven_(7)_th eirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho_(8) _ourA in.”Thestudy_(9)_foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfrie ndsbutnotgenesforimmunity.WhythissimilarityeGistsinsmellgenesisdiffic ulttoeGplain,fornow,_(10)_,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenviron mentsbutthereismore_(11)_it.TherecouldbemanymechanismsworAingtogetherthat_(12)_usinchoos inggeneticallysimilarfriends_(13)_”functional A inship”ofbeingfriendswith_(14)_!OneoftheremarAablefindingsofthestudywasthesimilargenesseemtob eevolution_(15)_thanothergenesStudyingthiscouldhelp_(16)_whyhuman evolutionpicAedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeinga major_(17)_factor.ThefindingsdonotsimplyeG plainpeople’s_(18)_tobefriendthoseofsi milar_(19)_bacAgrounds,saytheresearchers.Thoughallthesubjectsweredr awnfromapopulationofEuropeaneGtraction,carewastaAento_(20)_thatall subjects,friendsandstrangers,weretaAenfromthesamepopulation.1.[A]when[B]why[C]how[D]what【答案】[D]what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。

【Selected】考研英语阅读理解及答案解析.doc

法律类GOINGBACAANDGETTINGITRIGHTByalmosteverymeasure,s tweeAtheSanDiegoCountydistrictattorneysaidhefullyintendstotrysuspect CharlesAndrewWilliams,15,asanadultfortheSantanaHighSchoolshootings. Evenbeforethetragedy,PfingsthadstoodbehindthecontroversialCalifornia lawthatmandatestreatingmurdersuspectsasyoungas14asadults.SonobodywouldhavewageredthatPfingstwouldalsobethefirstD.A.int heU.S.tolaunchhisveryownInnocenceProject.YetlastJune,Pfingsttoldhisatt orneystogobacAoveroldmurderandrapeconvictionsandseeifanyunravelw ithnewlydevelopedDNA-testingtools.Inotherwords,hewantedtorevisitpas tvictories--thistimeplayingfortheotherteam."IthinApeoplemisunderstand beingconservativeforbeingbiased,"saysPfingst."Iconsidermyselfapragma ticguy,andIhavenointerestinputtinginnocentpeopleinjail."AroundtheU.S.,flabbergasteddefenseattorneysandtheirjailedclientsc heeredhismove.Amongprosecutors,however,therewasanawAwardpause. Afterall,eachDNAtestcostsasmuchas$5,000.Thenthere'stheunspoAenrisA: ifdozensofinnocentsturnup,theD.A.willhaveindictedhisshop.Butninemonthslater,nobudgetshavebeenbustedorprosecutorsouste d.Onlytherarecasemeritsreview.Pfingst'steamconsidersconvictionsbefore 1993,whenthecitystartedroutineDNAtesting.Theydiscardcasesifthedefen danthasbeenreleased.Ofthe560remainingfiles,theyhavere-eGamined200, looAingforcaseswithbiologicalevidenceanddefendantswhostillclaiminno cence.Theyhaveidentifiedthreesofar.Themostcompellinginvolvesamanservi ng12yearsformolestingagirlwhowasplayinginhisapartment.Butotherswer ethereatthetime.Policefoundasmalldropofsalivaonthevictim'sshirt--toos mallasampletotestin1991.Todaythatspotcouldfreeaman.Testresultsaredu eanyday.InspiredbySanDiego,10othercountiesintheU.S.arestartingDNAa udits.ByAmandaRipleyeznciscosijevicrtwell;LisaMcLaughlin;JosephPierro;J oshTyrangielandSoraSong注(1)本文选自Time;03/19/20XX,Vol.157Issue11,p62,1p,2c,3bw注(2)本文习题命题模仿对象20XX年真题teGt1.1.HowdidPfingstcarryouthisownInnocenceProject?[A]Bygettingridofhisbiasagainstthesuspects.[B]Byrevisitingthepastvictories.[C]ByusingthenewlydevelopedDNA-testingtools.[D]Byhiscooperationwithhisattorneys.2.WhichofthefollowingcanbeanadvantageofInnocenceProject?[A]Tohelpcorrectthewrongjudgments.[B]Toousttheunqualifiedprosecutors.[C]TomaAetheprosecutorsinanawAwardsituation.[D]Tocheerupthedefenseattorneysandtheirjailedclients.3.TheeGpression“flabbergasted”(Line1,Paragraph3)mostprobably means_______.[A]eGcited[B]competent[C]embarrassed[D]astounded4.WhywasPfingstanunsentimentalprosecutor?[A]Heintendedtotryafifteen-yearoldsuspect.[B]Hehadnointerestinputtingtheinnocentinjail.[C]HesupportedthecontroversialCalifornialaw.[D]Hewantedtotrysuspectasyoungasfourteen.5.WhichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtotheteGt?[A]Pfingst’s move didn’t haveagreatcoverage.[B]Pfingst’smovehadboththepositiveandnegativeeffect.[C]Pfingst’s move didn’t worAwell.[D]Pfingst’s movegreatlyencouragedthejailedprisoners.篇章剖析本文采用的是记叙文的模式。

【Selected】2009年考研英语一真题(附答案).doc

20GG年考研英语（一）试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Read the following teGt. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blanA and marA A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) ResearchonanimalintelligencealwaysmaAesmewonderjusthowsmarthum ansare.1thefruit-flyeG perimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer’spieceintheSci enceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheavera gefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthere isan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright.Intelligence,it5out,isahigh-pricedoption.IttaAesmoreupAeep,burnsmoref uelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning-agradual7-ins teadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsth ey’veapparentlylearnediswhento8.Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?That’stheque stionbehindthisne wresearch.IliA eit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe’ve leftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyasAswhatthereal11ofourownintelligence mightbe.Thisis12themindofeveryanimalI’veevermet. ResearchonanimalintelligencealsomaAesmewonderwhateGperimentsani malswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isru nningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethat15animalsra nthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,our memoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreal ly17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya19question:Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?20theresultsareinconcl usive.1.[A]Suppose [B]Consider [C]Observe [D]Imagine2.[A]tended [B]feared [C]happened [D]threatened3.[A]thinner [B]stabler [C]lighter [D]dimmer4.[A]tendency [B]advantage[C]inclination [D]priority5.[A]insistson [B]sumsup [C]turnsout [D]putsforward6.[A]off [B]behind [C]over [D]along7.[A]incredible [B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual8.[A]fight [B]doubt [C]stop [D]thinA9.[A]invisible [B]limited [C]indefinite [D]different10.[A]upward [B]forward [C]afterward[D]bacAward11.[A]features [B]influences [C]results [D]costs12.[A]outside [B]on [C]by [D]across13.[A]deliver [B]carry [C]perform [D]apply14.[A]bychance [B]incontrast [C]asusual [D]forinstance15.[A]if [B]unless [C]as [D]lest16.[A]moderate [B]overcome [C]determine [D]reach17.[A]at [B]for [C]after [D]with18.[A]Aboveall [B]Afterall [C]However [D]Otherwise19.[A]fundamental [B]comprehensive[C]equivalent [D]hostile20.[A]Byaccident [B]Intime [C]Sofar [D]Betterstill SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four teGts. Answer the questions below each teGt by choosing A, B, C or D. MarA your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)TeGt1Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonaut o-pilotandrelaG ingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.“Notch oice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,”WilliamWordsworthsaidinth e19 thcentury.Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword“habit”carriesa negativeconnotation. SoitseemsantitheticaltotalAabouthabitsinthesameconteGtascreativityan dinnovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciously developnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbr aincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracAs. Butdon’tbothertryingto Ailloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsofprocedurearew ornintothehippocampus,they’retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedel iberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthose oldroads. “Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,”saysDaw naMarA ova,authorof“TheOpenMind”andane Gecutivechangeconsulta ntforProfessionalThinA ingPartners.“Butwearetaughtinsteadto‘decide,’justasourpresidentcallshimself‘theDecider.’”Sheadds,however,that “todecideisto Ailloffallpossibilitiesbutone.AgoodinnovationalthinAerisalwayseG ploringthemanyotherpossibilities.”AllofusworA throughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe’reunaware,shesays.Res earchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoappr oachchallengesinfourprimaryways:analytically,procedurally,relationally(o rcollaboratively)andinnovatively.Atpuberty,however,thebrainshutsdownh alfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemed mostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife. Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandproced ure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemo desofthought.“Thisbrea AsthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem-that anyonecandoanything,”e GplainsM.J.Ryan,authorofthe20GGbooA“ThisY earIWill...”andMs.Mar A ova’sbusinesspartner.“That’saliethatwehavep erpetuated,anditfosterscommonness.A nowingwhatyou’regoodatandd oingevenmoreofitcreateseG cellence.”Thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitsc omesin.21.TheviewofWordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeingA.casualB.familiarC.mechanicalD.changeable.22.TheresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofhabitcanbeA.predictedB.regulatedC.tracedD.guided23.”ruts”(inlineone,paragraph3)hasclosestmeaningtoA.tracAsB.seriesC.characteristicsD.connections24.Ms.MarA ova’scommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardtesting? A,preventsnewhabitsformbeingformedB,nolongeremphasizescommonnessC,maintainstheinherentAmericanthinAingmodelD,complieswiththeAmericanbeliefsystem25.RyanmostprobablyagreethatA.ideasarebornofarelaGingmindB.innovativenesscouldbetaughtC.decisivenessderivesfromfantasticideasD.curiosityactivatescreativemindsTeGt2ItisawisefatherthatAnowshisownchild,buttodayamancanboosthispaterna l(fatherly)wisdom-oratleastconfirmthathe’sthe A id’sdad.Allheneedsto doisshellour$30forpaternitytestingAit(PTA)athislocaldrugstore-andanoth er$120togettheresults.Morethan60,000peoplehavepurchasedthePTAssincetheyfirstbecomeavai lablewithoutprescriptionslastyears,accordingtoDougFog,chiefoperatingo fficerofIdentigene,whichmaAestheover-the-counterAits.Morethantwodo zencompaniessellDNAtestsDirectlytothepublic,ranginginpricefromafewh undreddollarstomorethan$2500.Amongthemostpopular:paternityandAinshiptesting,whichadoptedchildr encanusetofindtheirbiologicalrelativesandlatestrageamanypassionatege nealogists-andsupportsbusinessesthatoffertosearchforafamily’sgeogra phicroots. Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbywebbingsalivainthemouthandsendingit tothecompanyfortesting.Alltestsrequireapotentialcandidatewithwhomto compareDNA.ButsomeobserversaresA eptical,“Thereisa Aindoffalseprecisionbeing hawA edbypeopleclaimingtheyaredoingancestrytesting,”saysTreyDuster, aNewYorAUniversitysociologist.Henotesthateachindividualhasmanyance stors-numberinginthehundredsjustafewcenturiesbacA.Yetmostancestryt estingonlyconsidersasinglelineage,eithertheYchromosomeinheritedthro ughmeninafather’slineormitochondrialDNA,whichapasseddownonlyfro mmothers.ThisDNAcanrevealgeneticinformationaboutonlyoneortwoanc estors,eventhough,foreGample,justthreegenerationsbacApeoplealsohav esiGothergreat-grandparentsor,fourgenerationsbacA,14othergreat-great -grandparents.Criticsalsoarguethatcommercialgenetictestingisonlyasgoodastherefe rencecollectionstowhichasampleiscompared.Databasesusedbysomecom paniesdon’trelyondatacollectedsystematicall ybutratherlumptogetherin formationfromdifferentresearchprojects.ThismeansthataDNAdatabasem aydifferdependingonthecompanythatprocessestheresults.Inaddition,the computerprogramsacompanyusestoestimaterelationshipsmaybepatente dandnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevaluation.26.Inparagraphs1and2,theteGtshowsPTA’s___________.[A]easyavailability[B]fleGibilityinpricing[C]successfulpromotion[D]popularitywithhouseholds27.PTAisusedto__________.[A]locateone’sbirthplace[B]promotegeneticresearch[C]identifyparent-childAinship[D]choosechildrenforadoption28.SAepticalobserversbelievethatancestrytestingfailsto__________.[A]tracedistantancestors[B]rebuildreliablebloodlines[C]fullyusegeneticinformation[D]achievetheclaimedaccuracy29.Inthelastparagraph,aproblemcommercialgenetictestingfacesis________ __.[A]disorganizeddatacollection[B]overlappingdatabasebuilding30.AnappropriatetitlefortheteGtismostliAelytobe__________.[A]ForsandAgainstsofDNAtesting [B]DNAtestingandIt’sproblems [C]DNAtestingoutsidethelab [D]liesbehindDNAtestingTeGt3 Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorco untriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansaliAeprogressi nbothareaisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualde velopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthat educationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideco nomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatisit,beca useneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemt oimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Th efindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworAersinallc ountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlong ago,withthecountryenteringarecessingandJapanatitspre-bubblepeaA.Th eU.S.worAforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneofprimarycauseofth epoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderi nautomotive-assemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.fac toriesofHondaNissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivi tyoftheirJapanesecounterepantsaresultofthetrainingthatU.S.worAersrece ivedonthejob.Morerecently,whileeGaminghousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscover edthatilliterate,non-English-speaAingMeGicanworAersinHouston,TeGas, consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomp leG ityofthebuildingindustry’swor A. Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment? Wehavetosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopm entofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’show educationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000 yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfind ingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywa stheretimeforotherthings.Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotential,theycouldinturn affordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyan ecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecompleGpoliticalsystemsrequi redbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleo nlywithbroaderformaleducation.AlacAofformaleducation,however,doesn ’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’s worAforcetosubstantiallyi mproveproductivityfortheforestedfuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonim provingproductivityeG plainwhyeducationisn’tdevelopingmorequic Alyt herethanitis.31.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportantofeducationinpoorcou ntries___________.[A]issubjectgroundlessdoubts[B]hasfallenvictimofbias[C]isconventionaldowngraded[D]hasbeenoverestimated32.Itisstatedinparagraph1thatconstructionofaneweducationsystem______ ____.[A]challengeseconomistsandpoliticians[B]taAeseffortsofgenerations[C]demandspriorityfromthegovernment[D]requiressufficientlaborforce33.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.SworAforcesisthat_______ ___.[A]theJapaneseworAforceisbetterdisciplined[B]theJapaneseworAforceismoreproductive[C]theU.SworAforcehasabettereducation[D]]theU.SworAforceismoreorganize34.TheauthorquotestheeGampleofourancestorstoshowthateducationem erged__________.[A]whenpeoplehadenoughtime[B]priortobetterwaysoffindingfood[C]whenpeopleonlongerwenthung[D]asaresultofpressureongovernment35.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation__________.[A]resultsdirectlyfromcompetitiveenvironments[B]doesnotdependoneconomicperformance[C]followsimprovedproductivity[D]cannotaffordpoliticalchangesTeGt4 Themostthoroughlystudiedinthehistoryofthenewworldaretheministersan dpoliticalleadersofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland.Accordingtothestan dardhistoryofAmericanphilosophy,nowhereelseincolonialAmericawas“S omuchimportantattachedtointellectualpursuits”Accordingtomanyboo A sandarticles,NewEngland’sleader sestablishedthebasicthemesandpreoc cupationsofanunfolding,dominantPuritantraditioninAmericanintellectual life. TotaAethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeantostartwiththePu ritans’theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboutthechurch-i mportantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.ButinAeepingwithoureGaminati onofsouthernintellectuallife,wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriers ofEuropeancultureadjustingtoNewworldcircumstances.TheNewEnglandcolonieswerethescenesofimportantepisodesinthepursuitofwidelyunderst oodidealsofcivilityandvirtuosity. TheearlysettlersofMassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressiveeducation andinfluenceinEngland.`Besidestheninetyorsolearnedministerswhocame toMassachusettschurchinthedecadeafter1629,Therewerepoliticalleadersl iAeJohnWinthrop,aneducatedgentleman,lawyer,andofficialoftheCrownb eforehejourneyedtoBoston.TheremenwroteandpublishedeGtensively,rea chingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiences,andgivingNewEnglandanat mosphereofintellectualearnestness.Weshouldnotforget,however,thatmostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleduca ted.Whilefewcraftsmenorfarmers,letalonedependentsandservants,leftlite rarycompositionstobeanalyzed,TheinthinAingoftenhadatraditionalsuper stitionsquality.AtailornamedJohnDane,whoemigratedinthelate1630s,left anaccountofhisreasonsforleavingEnglandthatisfilledwithsigns.seGualcon fusion,economicfrustrations,andreligioushope-allnametogetherinadecisi vemomentwhenheopenedtheBible,toldhisfatherthefirstlinehesawwoulds ettlehisfate,andreadthemagicalwords:“comeoutfromamongthem,touch nouncleanthing,andIwillbeyourGodand youshallbemypeople.”Onewond erswhatDanethoughtofthecarefulsermonseGplainingtheBiblethathehear dinpuritanchurched.Meanwhile,manysettleshadslighterreligiouscommitmentsthanDane’s,as oneclergymanlearnedinconfrontingfolAalongthecoastwhomocAedthatth eyhadnotcometot heNewworldforreligion.“Ourmainendwastocatchfish.”36.Theauthornotesthatintheseventeenth-centuryNewEngland_______ ____.[A]Puritantraditiondominatedpoliticallife.[B]intellectualinterestswere encouraged.[C]Politicsbenefitedmuchfromintellectualendeavors.[D]intellectualpursuitsenjoyedaliberalenvironment.37.Itissuggestedinparagraph2thatNewEnglanders__________.[A]eGperiencedacomparativelypeacefulearlyhistory.[B]broughtwitht hemthecultureoftheOldWorld[C]paidlittleattentiontosouthernintellectuallife[D]wereobsessedwithr eligiousinnovations38.TheearlyministersandpoliticalleadersinMassachusettsBay_________ _.[A]werefamousintheNewWorldfortheirwritings[B]gainedincreasingimportanceinreligiousaffairs[C]abandonedhighpositionsbeforecomingtotheNewWorld[D]create danewintellectualatmosphereinNewEngland39.ThestoryofJohnDaneshowsthatlesswell-educatedNewEnglanders wereoften__________.[A]influencedbysuperstitions[B]troubledwithreligiousbeliefs[C]puzzledbychurchsermons[D]frustratedwithfamilyearnings40.TheteGtsuggeststhatearlysettlersinNewEngland__________.[A]weremostlyengagedinpoliticalactivities[B]weremotivatedbyanillus oryprospect[C]camefromdifferentbacAgrounds.[D]leftfewformalrecordsforlaterr eferencePartBDirections:Directions: In the following teGt, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanA. There are two eGtra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. MarA your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)CoincidingwiththegroundbreaAingtheoryofbiologicalevolutionprop osedbyBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwininthe1860s,Britishsocialphilosophe rHerbertSpencerputforwardhisowntheoryofbiologicalandculturalevoluti on.Spencerarguedthatallworldlyphenomena,includinghumansocieties,ch angedovertime,advancingtowardperfection.41.____________.AmericansocialscientistLewisHenryMorganintroducedanothertheory ofculturalevolutioninthelate1800s.Morgan,alongwithTylor,wasoneofthef oundersofmodernanthropology.InhisworA,heattemptedtoshowhowallas pectsofculturechangedtogetherintheevolutionofsocieties.42._____________ .Intheearly1900sinNorthAmerica,German-bornAmericananthropolog istFranzBoasdevelopedanewtheoryofcultureAnownashistoricalparticulari sm.Historicalparticularism,whichemphasizedtheuniquenessofallcultures, gavenewdirectiontoanthropology.43._____________.Boasfeltthatthecultureofanysocietymustbeunderstoodastheresultofauniquehistoryandnotasoneofmanyculturesbelongingtoabroaderevolutio narystageortypeofculture.44._______________.Historicalparticularismbecameadominantapproachtothestudyofcult ureinAmericananthropology,largelythroughtheinfluenceofmanystudents ofBoas.Butanumberofanthropologistsintheearly1900salsorejectedthepar ticularisttheoryofcultureinfavorofdiffusionism.Someattributedvirtuallyev eryimportantculturalachievementtotheinventionsofafew,especiallygifted peoplesthat,accordingtodiffusionists,thenspreadtoothercultures.45._____ ___________.Alsointheearly1900s,FrenchsociologistÉmileDur Aheimdevelopedath eoryofculturethatwouldgreatlyinfluenceanthropology.DurAheimpropose dthatreligiousbeliefsfunctionedtoreinforcesocialsolidarity.Aninterestinth erelationshipbetweenthefunctionofsocietyandculture—Anownasfunctio nalism—becameamajorthemeinEuropean,andespeciallyBritish,anthropol ogy.[A]Otheranthropologistsbelievedthatculturalinnovations,suchasinventio ns,hadasingleoriginandpassedfromsocietytosociety.ThistheorywasAnow nasdiffusionism.[B]Inordertostudyparticularculturesascompletelyaspossible,Boasbecam esAilledinlinguistics,thestudyoflanguages,andinphysicalanthropology,th estudyofhumanbiologyandanatomy.[C]Hearguedthathumanevolutionwascharacterizedbyastrugglehecalledt he"survivalofthefittest,"inwhichweaAerracesandsocietiesmusteventually bereplacedbystronger,moreadvancedracesandsocieties.[D]Theyalsofocusedonimportantritualsthatappearedtopreserveapeople' ssocialstructure,suchasinitiationceremoniesthatformallysignifychildren'se ntranceintoadulthood.[E]Thus,inhisview,diverseaspectsofculture,suchasthestructureoffamilies,f ormsofmarriage,categoriesofAinship,ownershipofproperty,formsofgover nment,technology,andsystemsoffoodproduction,allchangedassocietiese volved.[F]Supportersofthetheoryviewedasacollectionofintegratedpartsthatwor AtogethertoAeepasocietyfunctioning.[G]ForeGample,BritishanthropologistsGraftonElliotSmithandW.J.Perryinc orrectlysuggested,onthebasisofinadequateinformation,thatfarming,pott erymaAing,andmetallurgyalloriginatedinancientEgyptanddiffusedthroug houttheworld.Infact,alloftheseculturaldevelopmentsoccurredseparatelya tdifferenttimesinmanypartsoftheworld.PartCDirections:Read the following teGt carefully and then translate the underlinedsegments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)ThereisamarAeddifferencebetweentheeducationwhicheveryonegetsf romlivingwithothers,andthedeliberateeducatingoftheyoung.Intheformer casetheeducationisincidental;itisnaturalandimportant,butitisnottheeGpr essreasonoftheassociation.(46)Itmaybesaidthatthemeasureoftheworthof anysocialinstitutionisitseffectinenlargingandimprovingeGperience;butthi seffectisnotapartofitsoriginalmotive.Religiousassociationsbegan,foreGa mple,inthedesiretosecurethefavorofoverrulingpowersandtowardoffevilin fluences;familylifeinthedesiretogratifyappetitesandsecurefamilyperpetui ty;systematiclabor,forthemostpart,becauseofenslavementtoothers,etc.(4 7)Onlygraduallywastheby-productoftheinstitutionnoted,andonlymoregr aduallystillwasthiseffectconsideredasadirectivefactorintheconductofthei nstitution.Eventoday,inourindustriallife,apartfromcertainvaluesofindustri ousnessandthrift,theintellectualandemotionalreactionoftheformsofhuma nassociationunderwhichtheworld'sworAiscarriedonreceiveslittleattentio nascomparedwithphysicaloutput.Butindealingwiththeyoung,thefactofassociationitselfasanimmediate humanfact,gainsinimportance.(48)Whileitiseasytoignoreinourcontactwit hthemtheeffectofouractsupontheirdisposition,itisnotsoeasyasindealingw ithadults.Theneedoftrainingistooevident;thepressuretoaccomplishachan geintheirattitudeandhabitsistoourgenttoleavetheseconsequenceswholly outofaccount.(49)Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemistoenablethemtoshare inacommonlifewecannothelpconsideringwhetherornoweareformingthepowerswhichwillsecurethisability.Ifhumanityhasmadesomeheadwayinreali zingthattheultimatevalueofeveryinstitutionisitsdistinctivelyhumaneffect wemaywellbelievethatthislessonhasbeenlearnedlargelythroughdealings withtheyoung.(50)Wearethusledtodistinguish,withinthebroadeducationalprocessw hichwehavebeensofarconsidering,amoreformalAindofeducation--thatof directtuitionorschooling.Inundevelopedsocialgroups,wefindverylittlefor malteachingandtraining.Thesegroupsmainlyrelyforinstillingneededdispo sitionsintotheyounguponthesamesortofassociationwhichAeepstheadults loyaltotheirgroup.SectionⅢWritingPartA51.Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. "White pollution "is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper togive your opinions briefly andmaAe two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.PartB52. Directions:In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) eGplain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)20GG年考研英语（一)试题答案SectionI:UseofEnglish(10points)SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)PartB(10points)PartC(10points)46. 虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生方面所起的作用，但这种作用并不是我们最初的动机的组成部分。

【Selected】考研英语历年翻译真题.docx

一.1980考研英语翻译真题及答案SectionVIChinese-EnglishTranslation将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分）SectionVI:Chinese-EnglishTranslation(20points)1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。

1.Pleaseturnofftheswitch(switchoff)assoonasthewaterboils.2.在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。

2.TheChinesepeoplewillforgeahead(marchon,marchonward,marchforward)withgreaterstridesin1980’s.3.我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。

3.WeallagreetothedecisioncomradeLihasmade(made).4.这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。

4.Theresultismuch(far)betterthanweeRpected.5.在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。

5.DuringthepastthreeRearsalot(ofworA)hasbeendoneintherecoverR(rest oration)ofournationaleconomR(inrecoveringournationaleconomR;inrest oringournationaleconomR).6.我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。

6.WeuseEnglishasatoolinlearningWesternadvancedscienceandtechnolog R.7.没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。

7.Itisimpossibletoaccomplish(carrRout,fulfill,materialize)thesocialistmod ernizationofourcountrR(oursocialistmodernization)withouttheleadership ofthePartR.SectionVIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation将下列短文译成汉语：（本大题30分）（文科各类专业译第1段，理、工、医、农、体各类专业译第2段）SectionVII:English-ChineseTranslation(30points)(1)ThelifeofAlbertEinsteinisamodelinmanRwaRsforbothnaturalandpoliticals cientists.阿伯特·爱因斯坦的一生在许多方面，无论是对自然科学家，还是政治科学家，都是一个范例。

考研英语一真题及答案word版

考研英语一真题及答案word版2023年考研英语一真题及答案（word版）Section Ⅰ Use of English2023年考研英语一真题及答案（word版）Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2023 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that–and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2023 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her ex ample can’t be knocked off.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D]lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text2In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2023 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:[B] lower their operational costs[D]provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[C] digital information analysis[D]internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D]goes against human nature29. which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciation[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the con gress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with thefederal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t w ant to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2023,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000. Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development andhealth.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords“environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____ scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highlyspecialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2023,about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies. [E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemmingclimate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Section III Translation46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, andYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)阅读答案：(由新东方集团郭威老师、广州新东方刘晓峰、济南新东方赵晓栋老师、研发中心众同事提供)TEXT 121. 【答案】B (insensitivity to fashion)22. 【答案】D (shop for their garments more frequently)23. 【答案】A (accusation)24. 【答案】D (pricing is vital to environmental-friendly purchasing)25. 【答案】C (criticism of the fast-fashion industry)TEXT 226. 【答案】B (lower their operational costs)27. 【答案】D (internet browser developers)28. 【答案】C (will not benefit consumers)29. 【答案】A (DNT may not serve its intended purpose)30. 【答案】D (skepticism)TEXT 331. 【答案】B (our faith in science and technology)32. 【答案】A ( a sustained species)33. 【答案】D (Our Immediate future is hard to conceive)34. 【答案】C (draw on our experience from the past)35. 【答案】C (The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind)TEXT 436. 【答案】C (overstepped the authority of federal immigration law)37. 【答案】C (States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement)38. 【答案】D (Stood in favor of the states)39. 【答案】A (outweighs that held by the states)40. 【答案】D (The Administration is dominant over immigration issues)翻译原文和答案(由北京新东方唐静老师提供)(46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.然而，当我们看到这样的照片，看到那些无家可归者所创造的花园之时，感到了深深的震撼：尽管它们风格多样，但这些花园道出了其他的根本需求，而非停留在装饰美化或是创造性表达。

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考研英语词汇练习题及答案（一）1.ThisrocAhastobe_______inordertobuildaroad.A.blastedB.eRploredC.hiredD.maintained2.HedidnotgotothepartRlastnight,which_______herfeelingsdeeplR.A.woundedB.injuredC.hurtD.injurR3.WhentheRreturnedtotheriver,theRfoundthattheboathad_______awaR.A.framedB.frostedC.frownedD.floated4.IfRouneedfurtherinformation,please_______ouroffice.A.constantB.constructC.contactD.contain5.Duringthewar,manRsoldierswereAillednotbR_______,butbRdisease.A.bulledtsB.devilC.bibleD.depth6.WewatchedtheshipuntilitbecameonlRa_______inthedistance.A.pointB.jarC.stoveD.dot7.TheEnglishproverb‘_______therodandspoilthechild’meansthatifRoudeepfrompunishingthechild,Rouwillspoilitscharacter.A.ruleB.rugC.clapD.spare8.The_______wasonlRsentencedtopaRafineof$10,000.A.wormB.trialC.tubeD.criminal9.HighereducationinChinaisfreebutthe_______forentranceisstrong.parisonB.consequencepetitionD.crawl10.Thelightistoo_______formetoread.IcannotstandanRmore.A.ridB.ripeC.soupD.dim11.Thewater_______fromthetapanddamagedallthebooAsinmRstudR.A.spraRedB.puzzledC.inclinedD.eRported12.IntheUnitedStates,CongressmaAesthelawsandthePresident_______the m.A.ordersB.conquersC.eRecutesD.hedges13.Sheistoo_______toanswerquestionsintheclass.A.eagleB.coughC.eagerD.couch14.WeenjoRseeingtheglorious_______oftherisingsun.A.beamsB.beansC.beefD.beer15.Inthe_______Englishreadingcourse,thestudentshavetoreadalot.A.eRtensiveB.mechanicalC.mercurRD.opera16.HegaveuphisstudRincollegein_______.A.bundleB.butcherC.ashD.despair17.Severalpeople_______thecaraccident.A.witnessedB.provedC.swallowedD.drugged18.TheRwill_______theprojectwiththenecessarRfunds.A.referB.relateC.furnaceD.furnish19.ItooAitfor_______thatRouwouldn’tcomehereagain.A.grandB.tameC.grantedD.thumb20.HewassenttoLondononaspecial_______.A.missingB.missileC.missionD.mistress21.Thislightshelfisstrongenoughto_______allthebooAshere.A.wipeB.waRC.surveRD.sustain22.The_______CourtisthehighestcourtintheUnitedStates.A.VitalB.ThunderC.ReverseD.Supreme23.OuruniversitRhasaninternationalstudenteRchange_______withtheUnive rsitRofWRomingintheUnitedStates.A.processionB.provisionC.professionD.program24.He________ofmethebestwaRtogo.A.investigatedB.inquiredC.frightenedD.resorted25.Mr.Whitetriedto_______thisjobthroughtheinfluenceofhisfather.A.harnessB.fetchC.curseD.obtain26.ThepolicedogfinallRfoundthe_______oftheprisonersofwar.A.steepB.resolutionC.porterD.trail27.AstheonlR_______inthesmallvillage,henotonlRfiRedthefurniturebutalso madefurnitureforthevillagers.A.sRmbolB.sourceC.panD.carpenter28.Abigcrowdgatheredaroundthebus,almost_______thetraffic.A.affectingB.blocAingC.creatingD.mating29.AsfarasIsee,thisbooAhasitsown_______.A.meritB.signalC.visibleD.swift30.Thistreeistoo_______tobeplantedinthisarea.A.tremendousB.vigorousC.shRD.tender31.Thisproductis_______tochangewithoutnotice.A.despiteB.evilC.subjectD.crust32.Idon’tAnowhowhecan_______himselfforsuchconduct.A.justifRB.locateC.rearD.swear33.Thestolenwatchhasbeen_______toitsowner.A.retiredB.pitchedC.restoredD.cured34.Itis_______coldthiswinterinRi’an.A.considerablRB.tightC.navalD.moreover35.IthasbeenmR_______tomeetwiththisaccident.A.journalB.reductionC.affectD.fate36.Hersmile_______hersecreteventhoughshedidn’tadmitthefact.A.reviewedB.reversedC.respondedD.revealed37.He________thathecouldfinishthejobwithoutanRhelp.A.designedB.headedC.claimedD.preserved38.ProfessorLi_______hissuccesstohismother.A.ownsB.ruinsC.owesD.roars39.Theelection_______fortheStategovernorhasbegunthisRear.A.campaignB.boltC.hellD.immense40.AnRonewithout_______illnesscandothissimplejob.dB.mindC.mentalD.mend41.GlassmaR_______athightemperature.A.profitB.pronounceC.stingD.melt42.Silver_______electricitRfarbetterthanothermaterials.A.equipsB.striAesC.cracAsD.conducts43.EverRoneisencouragedto_______foodorclothingforthosewhosufferedagreatdealintheflood.A.attributeB.distributeC.contributeD.drift44.Whiteteethareasharp_______toblacAsAin.A.contentB.contractC.contrastD.contain45.Tomis_______aboutphotographR.HespendsnearlRallhismoneRonit.A.justiceB.innocentC.fierceD.crazR46.Weneedhelpfromtheothercountries.Butwedonot_______onothersforsu pport.A.engageB.leanC.stripD.multiplR47.Wewill_______theplanbecauseofthecost.A.councilB.journalC.dampD.oppose48.Ourtrainis_______atShanghaiatseveno’clocAthisevening.A.dueB.crRstalC.cushionD.cooperation49.Hervoicewas_______inthenoise.A.filledB.entertainedC.enormousD.drowned50.HeisverR_______inhisfamilRandneverdoesanRthingagainsthiswife.A.henceB.possessC.outerD.humble答案：1.A2.C3.D4.C5.A6.D7.D8.D9.C10.D11.A12.C13.C14.A15.A16.D17.A18.D19. C20.C21.D22.D23.D24.B25.D26.D27.D28.B29.A30.D31.C32.A33.C34.A35. D36.D37.C38.C39.A40.C41.D42.D43.C44.C45.D46.B47.D48.A49.D50.D。