同义句转换的九种类型

短文改写的十种类型

短文改写是近几年中考英语的一个失分较多的题型，其出题形式是给出一篇文章，要求考生填入适当的词，使短文与原文意思相同或相近。它综合考查考生的语法、词汇、短语或习惯用语和句型结构等知识，要求运用所学的词汇、语法知识和句型结构填空，使短文结构完整、逻辑合理、语法知识无误、意思与所给原文相同或相近。通过对近几年的中考英语试题中短文改写的分析，我们发现中考英语短文改写题主要考查以下几个方面：

一、运用同义词（组）进行转换

用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换，注意转换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如：

1.That day we could see flowers here and there.

That day we could see flowers __________.

2.The man always takes good care of the children by himself.

The man always takes good care of the children __________

1.more than =__________

2.arrive in Beijing =__________

3.in the end =at last=__________

4.give back=__________

5.pass away=__________

6.go up=__________

二、运用反义词（组）的否定式进行转换

即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词（词组）的积累和换位思维的能力。如：

1. It’s clear that this visit is not the same as last time.

It’s clear that this visit is ___ from last time.

2..He lent some money to his friend.

He friend ___ some money from him.

1.not safe=__________

2.didn’t agree=__________

3.not rich=__________

4.not honest=__________

三、运用不同语态进行转换

即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词，但此时要特别注意时态、动词一致性。如：

1. Everyone should give back his library books on time.

Library books should____ ____ on time.

2. More and more people widely use computers in the world today.

Computers are widely ___ in the world today.

3.The boss makes the workers work for 20 hours.

The workers are ___ to work for 20 hours.

四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换

即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换，此时往往会涉及时态的变化。如：

1. The manager has been away for two hours.

The manager _____ two hours ago..

2. The film began five minutes ago.

The film has been _____ for five minutes.

3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.

Mr Li _____ _____ _____ the Party for twenty years.

五、运用不同引语进行转换

即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等相应的变化。如：

1. “I’ve found my wallet,” he s aid to me.

He _________ me that he had found his wallet.

2. “Did you see her last week?” he said.

He asked _______ I had seen her the week before.

六、运用简单句与复合句之间的转换

即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。如：

1. We didn’t go out for a walk because it was rain ing.

We didn’t go out for a walk _______ of the rain.

2. He was so young that he couldn’t go to s chool.

He wasn’t old ______ to go to school.

He was ______ young to go to school.

七、运用并列句与复合句之间的转换

即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。如：

1. Come on, o r we’ll miss the early bus.

____ we don’t hurry, we’ll miss the early bus.

2. The man gave us a talk last week. Now he will give us another talk this week.

The man _____ gave us a talk last week will give us another talk this week.

八、运用关联连词连接或合并句子

即运用关联连词both…and…，neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。此时要注意的是，both…and…连接两个主语时，谓语总是用复数，而neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。如：

1. Tom can’t speak Japanese well and Jim can’t, either.

______ Tom ______ Jim can speak Japanese well.

分析：答案填Neither，nor。neither…nor…表示“……和……（两者）都不”，刚好与原句的两个否定结构的意思相吻合。

2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.

______ Alice ______ Peter have read the book.

分析：答案为Both，and。both…and…的意思是“……和……（两者）都”。

3. This s tore sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.

This store sells ______ ______ men’s shoes ______ ______ men’s clothes.

分析：答案为not only，but also。表示“不仅……而且……”之意。

九、利用某些典型句式或结构进行转换

这类典型结构如so…that…，too…to…，enough to，not…until…，so do I等。如：2. John went to bed after he finished his homework.

John don’t go to bed ______ he finished his homework.

十、注意词性之间的转换

名词变动词、动词变形容词、形容词变副词等词性间的变化也是此类题型常出现的形式。

1.It is easy for me to work out the problem.

I can work out the problem _____.

2.There was a heavy rain last night.

It rained ______ last night.

3.He was successful in passing the final exam

He passed the final exam ______ .