基础有机化学英文词汇
有机化学常用基团中英文对照.doc
喹啉基——quinolyl
吩噻嗪基——phenothiazinyl
醌基——quinonyl，benzoquinonyl
甲酸基——formyl
乙酰基、醋酸基——acetyl
丙烯酰——acryloyl，acrylyl
氨基/胺基——amidocyanogen，
羰基——carbonyl
有机化学常用基团中英文对照
Common control groupofOrganic ChemistryinChineseandEnglish
甲基(缩写Me)——methyl
乙基(缩写Et)——ethyl
丙基(缩写Pr)——propyl
丁基(缩写Bu)——butyl
戊基——amyl，pentyl
己基——hexyl
团团有机化学常用基中英文commoncontrolgrouporganicchemistryenglish甲基缩写memethyl乙基缩写etethyl丙基缩写prpropyl丁基缩写bubutyl戊基amylpentyl己基hexyl庚基heptyl辛基octyl壬基nonyl癸基decyl十一缩基hendecyl十二缩基dodecyl十六缩基缩cetyl十七缩基heptadecyl十八缩基octodecyl缩写phphenyl甲基缩基phenmethyl乙基phenelylethoxyphenyl缩基naphthyl菲基phenanthryl菲缩基phenanthridinyl乙缩基缩写vivinylethenylethinyl己缩基hexenyl庚缩基heptenylquinolyl吩缩缩基phenothiazinyl缩基quinonylbenzoquinonyl甲酸基formyl乙缩基醋酸基acetyl丙缩缩acryloylacrylylamidocyanogen缩基carbonyl缩基carboxylhydroxyl缩缩基esteralkyl缩基alkyl芳基aryl缩戊基cyclopentyl缩己基cyclohexyl硝基nitro
【有机化学专业英语词汇】
有机化学专业英语词汇(精)acetal 醛缩醇-ene 烯acetal- 乙酰epi- 表acid 酸epoxy- 环氧-al 醛-ester 酯alcohol 醇-ether 醚-aldehyde 醛ethoxy- 乙氧基alkali- 碱ethyl 乙基allyl 烯丙基[propenyl(丙烯基)]alkoxy- 烷氧基fluoro- 氟代-amide 酰胺form 仿amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-glycol 二醇-amine 胺-ane 烷hemi- 半anhydride 酐hendeca- 十一anilino- 苯胺基hepta- 七aquo- 含水的heptadeca-十七-ase 酶hexa- 六-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯hexadeca- 十六-atriyne 三炔-hydrin 醇azo- 偶氮hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基benzene苯hypo- 低级的，次bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐hyper- 高级的，高bis- 双-borane 硼烷-ic 酸的，高价金属bromo- 溴-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替胺，酐butyl 丁基-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺-carbinol 甲醇iodine 碘carbonyl 羰基iodo- 碘代-carboxylic acid 羧酸-2centi- 10chloro- 氯代i so- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐cis- 顺式keto- 酮condensed缩合的、冷凝的ketone 酮cyclo- 环-lactone 内酯deca- 十-1 deci 106 mega- 10-dine 啶meta- 间，偏dodeca- 十二methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基1-6micro- 10-3milli- 10ter- 三mono- ( mon-) 一，单tetra- 四-9 nano- 10 tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个nitro- 硝基thio- 硫代nitroso- 亚硝基trans- 反式，超，跨nona- 九thio- 硫代nonadeca-十九tri- 三trideca- 十三octa- 八tris- 三个octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的undeca- 十一-ol 醇uni- 单，一-one 酮unsym- 不对称的，偏位ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属-yl 基oxa- 氧杂-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上) -oxide 氧化合物-yne 炔-oxime 肟oxo- 酮organic compounds 有机化合物oxy- 氧化compounds of carbon 碳化合物-oyl 酰hydrocarbons and their derivatives碳氢化合物及其衍生物para- 对位，仲organic chemistry 有机化学penta- 五structure of molecule 分子结构pentadeca-十五chemical bond 化学键per- 高，过covalent bond 共价键petro- 石油hybrid orbital 杂化轨道phenol 苯酚bond length 键长phenyl 苯基-12 pico- 10 bond angle 键角bond energy键能poly- 聚，多polarity 极性dissociation energy 离解能quadri- 四constitution 构造quinque- 五contiguration 构型conformation 构象semi- 半stereochemistry立体化学septi- 七tetrahedral正四面体sesqui 一个半cis-顺sulfa- 磺胺trans-反sym- 对称isomerism 同分异构现象syn- 顺式，同，共isomer异构体stereoisomer立体异构2constitutional isomer 构造异构Common ring 普通环structural formula 结构式Medium rimg 中环octet八隅体Large ring 大环perspective 透视式Bridged-ring system 桥环体系eclipsed conformation重叠式构象Spiro compound 螺环化合物staggered conformation交叉式构象Helical molecule 螺旋型分子newman projection纽曼投影式Octahedral compound 八面体化合物functional group 官能团Conjugation 共轭chain compoud 链状化合物Conjugated-system 共轭体系carbocyclic compound碳环化合物Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子heterocyclic compound杂环化合物Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子dipole-dipole interactions 偶极-偶极相Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子互作用Ketyl radical 羰自由基van derWaals forces范德华力Radical ion 自由基离子hydrogenbonding 氢键Radical cation 自由基正离子dipolemoment 偶极矩Radical anion 自由基负离子electronegativity 电负性Isomerism 异构[现象]physical property物理性质Aci form 酸式melting point 熔点Fluxional structure 循变结构boiling point 沸点Stereochemistry 立体化学reaction mechanism反应机理Optical activity 光学活性homolysis 均裂Dextro isomer 右旋异构体free redical自由基Laevo isomer 左旋异构体heterolysis异裂Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型ionic type 离子型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] electrophilic reagent亲电试剂Asymmetric atom 不对称原子electrophilic reaction 亲电反应Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳nucleophilic reagent亲核试剂Pseudoasymmetric carbon假不对称碳nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Phantom atom 虚拟原子英文名汉文名Homotopic 等位[的] Angular methyl group 角甲基Heterotopic 异位[的] Alkylidene group 亚烷基Enantiotopic 对映异位[的] Allyl group 烯丙基Diastereotopic 非对映异位[的] Allylic 烯丙型[的]Configuration 构型Phenyl group 苯基Absolute configuration 绝对构型Aryl group 芳基Chirality 手性Benzyl group 苄基Chiral 手性[的] Benzylic 苄型[的] Chiral center 手性中心Activating group 活化基团Chiral molecule 手性分子Chromophore 生色团Achiral 非手性[的] Auxochrome 助色团Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向Neoman projection 纽曼投影式异性基团D-L system of nomenclature D-L 命名Smally ring 小环体系3R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象系Steric effect 空间效应Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence顺序规则Steric hindrance 位阻Symmetry factor 对称因素Atropismer 阻转异构体Plane of symmetry 对称面Puckered ring 折叠环Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Conformational inversion 构象反转Enantiomer 对映[异构]体Chair conformation 椅型构象Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体Boat conformation 船型构象Epimer 差向异构体Twist conformation 扭型构象Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Erythro configuration 赤型构型Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Pseudorotation 假旋转Threo configuration 苏型构型Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Threo isomer 苏型异构体Axial bond 直[立]键Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构Cisoid conformation 顺向构象E isomer E异构体Transoid conformation 反向构象Z isomer Z 异构体Retention of configuration 构型保持Endo isomer 内型异构体Regioselectivity 区域选择性Exo isomer 外型异构体Regiospecificity 区域专一性Prochirality 前手性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Pro-R group 前R 基团Stereospecificty 立体专一性Pro-S proup 前S基团Conformer 构象异构体Re face Re面Conformational effect 构象效应Si face Si面Cram’s rube克拉姆规则Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Prelog ’ru普l e 雷洛格规则Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学] Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶取向液Conformational transmission 构象传递Meso compound 内消旋化合物Homolog 同系物Quasi recemate准外消旋体Ipso position 本位Conformation 构象Ortho position 邻位Conformational 构象分析Meta position 间位Torsion angle 扭转角Para position 对位Rotamer 旋转异构体Amphi position 远位Anti conformation 反式构象Peri position 近位Bisecting conformation 等分构象Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Valence bond method 价键法Synclinal conformation 反错构象Delocalezed bond 离域键Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Vinylog 插烯物Gauche conformation, skew Mesomeric effect 中介效应con-formation 邻位交叉构象Resonance共振4Resonance effect共振效应Ambident 两可[的] Hyperconjugation 超共轭Solvent effect 溶剂效应Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂No-bond resonance无键共振Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Aromaticity 芳香性Dielectric constant 介电常数Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Huckel ’rule休克尔规则Acid-base catalyzed reaction酸碱催化Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流反应Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Conjugate base共轭酸Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Conjugate base共轭碱Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Electron donof-acceptorPericyclic reaction 周环反应complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]络合物重排Host 主体Conrotatory 顺旋Guest 客体Disroatatory 对旋Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Cycloaddition 环加成Secondary isotope effect二级同位数效Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻应反应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Kinetic control 动力学控制Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Substrate 底物Leois structure 路易斯结构Intermediate 中间体Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Banana bond 香蕉键Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说负性标度Linear free energy 线性自由能Polarizability 可极化性Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Inductive effect 诱导效应Torsional effect 扭转效应Field effect 场效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Electrical effect 电场效应Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转tautomerism 互变异构Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Tautomerization 互变异构化Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异Small-angle strain 小角张力构Large angle strain 大角张力Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用构Transannular strain 跨环张力Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺I strain 内张力互变异构 F strain 前张力Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异 B strain 后张力构Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转5π-allyl complex mechanism 烯丙π型络Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转合机理Isoracemization 等消旋Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homochiral 纯手性[的] Homolysis 均裂Mechanism 机理Heterolysis 异裂Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理取代Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution Ion pair 离子对双分子亲核取代Carbocation 碳正离子Bimolecular nucleophilic Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment)离子双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）Carbanion 碳负离子Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子内亲核取代Carbenoid 卡宾体Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳Carbene 卡宾香亲核取代Nitrene 氮宾Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution Carbine 碳炔单分子亲电取代Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution Electrophile 亲电体双分子亲电取代Diaxial addition 双直键加成Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar Markovnikov ’s rub马e尔科夫尼科规electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单则分子亲电取代Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除成Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Michael addition 迈克尔加成Unimolecular elimination through the Substitution 取代conjugate base单分子共轭碱消除Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Bimolecular elimination through the Addition-elimination mechanism 加成conjugate base双分子共轭碱消除消除机理Bimolecular elimination with for-mation Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消电芳香取代除Electron transfer 电子转移Unimolecular acid-catalyzed Electron-donating group 给电子基团acyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化酰Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基氧断裂团Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen Deactivating group 钝化基团cleavage 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Orinentation 取向Unimolecular acid-catalyzed Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位alkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化基烷氧断裂Meta directing group 间位定位基Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- Ortho effect 邻位效应kyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化烷Partial rate factor 分速度系数氧断裂Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返6Nucleophilicity 亲核体Carboxylation 羧基化Nucleophilicity 亲核性Amination 氨基化α-effect -效α应Bisamination 双氨基化Backside attack 背面进攻Cine substitution 移位取代Inversion 反转Transamination 氨基交换Umbrella effect 伞效应Hydroxylation 羟基化Push-pull effect 推拉效应acyloxyation 酰氧基化Leaving group 离去基团Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Electrofuge 离电体Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Nucleofuge 离核体Dehalogenation 脱卤Phase-transfer catalysis相转移催化Nitration 硝化Neighboring group participation 邻基Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化基参与Nitrosation 亚硝化Neighboring proup Sulfonation 磺化assistance,anchimeric assistance邻助Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化作用Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Apofacial reaction 反面反应Sulfonylation 磺酰化Briddgehead displacement桥头取代Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Aryl action 芳正离子Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Benzyne 苯炔Diazotization 重氮化Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定Coupling reaction 偶联反应向Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Hofmann’s rule霍夫曼规则Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应Bredt rule 布雷特规则1,4-addition 1，4-加成Initiation 引发Conjugate addition 共轭加成Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Dimerization 二聚Partial bond fixation 键[的]部分固定化Trimefization 三聚02．3 有机化学反应Additive dimerization 加成二聚Alkylation 烷基化sulfurization 硫化C- alkylation C-烷基化Selenylation 硒化O- alkylation O-烷基化Hydroboration 硼氢化N-alkylation N- 烷基化Oxyamination 羟氨基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Insertion 插入Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化carbonylation 羧基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Ethylation 乙基化Oxo process 羰基合成Arylation芳基化Decarbonylation 脱羰Acylation 酰化Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Formylation 甲酰化Homologization 同系化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基7Ring clsure 环合Cross aldol condensation交叉羟醛缩Diene synthesis 双烯合成合Dienophile 亲双烯体Retrograde aldol condensation逆羟醛Endo addition 内型加成缩合Exo addition 外型加成Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Cyclization 环化Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯- Annulation,annelation 增环反应阿尔德反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Ene synthesis单烯合成Autoxidation 自氧化Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过Dipolar addition 偶极加成氧化- elimination -消除Epoxidation 环氧化- elimination -消除Oxonolysis 臭氧解- elimination -消除Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化-elimination -消除Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Aromatization 芳构化Deamination 脱氨基Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Heterogeneous hydrogenation多相氢Elimination-addition 消除-加成化Decarboxylation 脱羧Homogeneous hydrogenation均相氢化Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Decyanation 脱氰基Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Hydrogenolysis 氢解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂原Fragmentation 碎裂Single electron transfer 单电子转移Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Chelation 螯环化Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Esterification 酯化Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Transesterification 酯交换Reductive acylation 还原酰化Saponification 皂化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Alcoholysis 醇解Deoxygenation 脱氧Ethanolysis 乙醇解Desulfurization 脱硫Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Deselenization 脱硒Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Mitallation 金属化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Lithiation 锂化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Mercuration 汞化Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Aminomercuration 氨汞化Enolization 烯醇化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应] Condensation 缩合Rearrangement重排Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合8Prototropic rearrangement质了转移重Alkyen 炔排Acetylide 炔化物Double bond migration 双键移位Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化Allylic migration 烯丙型重排合物Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Carbon acid 碳氢酸Ring contraction 环缩小[反应] Super acid 超酸Ring expansion,ring enlargement扩环Diene 双烯[反应] Triene 三烯-ketol rearrangement 酮-醇重排Allene 丙二烯Pinacol rearrangement频哪醇重排Ccumulene 累积多烯Retropinacol rearrangement逆频哪醇Enyne 烯炔重排Diyne 二炔Semipinacol rearrangement半频哪醇Alkyl halide 卤代烷重排Alcohol 醇Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇排Ether 醚Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Epoxide 环氧化物Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Cellosolve 溶纤剂Transannular insertion 跨环插入Crown ether 冠醚Transannular rearrangement跨环重排Netro compound 硝基化合物Migration 迁移Amine 胺Prototropy 质子转移Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季铵Cationotropic rearrangement正离子转化合物移重排Amine oxide 氧化胺Anionotropy 负离子转移Diazoalkane 重氮烷Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转Mercaptan 硫醇移重排Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sigmatropic rearrangement 迁-移重排Sulfoxide 亚砜Homosigmatropic rearrangement同迁Sulfone 砜移重排Aldehyde 醛Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Detone 酮Photosensitization 光敏化Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁Ketone hydrate 酮水合物photooxidation 光氧化Hemiacetal 半缩醛Photoisomerization 光异构化Acetal 缩醛Photochemical rearrangement光化学Ketal 缩酮重排Dithiane 二噻烷2．4 有机化合物类名Aminal 缩醛胺Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物imine 亚胺Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Aldimine 醛亚胺Alkane 烷Oxime 肟Wax 蜡Aldimine 醛肟Paraffin wax 石蜡Oxime 亚硝基化合物Alkene 烯aldoxime 硝酮9Hydrazone 腙Thioester 硫代酸酯Azine 嗪Thiol acid 硫羰酸Semicarbazone缩氯基脲Lactone 内酯Cyanohydrin 羟腈Lactol 内半缩醛Pinacol 频哪醇Macrolide 大环内酯Enol 烯醇Amino acid 氨基酸Enol ether 烯醇醚Zwitterions 两性离子Enol ester 烯醇酯Inner salt 内盐Enamine 烯胺Betaine 甜菜碱Ynamine 炔胺Lactam 内酰胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱Hydantion 乙内酰脲Carboxylic acid 羧酸Peptide 肽Ester 酯Glycol 二醇orthoester 原酸酯Aldol羟醛Acyl halide 酰卤Acyloin 偶姻Acyl fluoride 酰氟Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Acyl chloride 酰氯Aldose 醛糖Acyl rtomide 酰溴Ketose 酮糖Acyl iodide 酰碘Furanose 呋喃糖Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Pyranose 吡喃糖Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Glycoside 糖苷Ketene 乙烯酮Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Peracid 过酸Aglycon 苷元Perester过酸酯Saccharide 糖类Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Oligosaccharide 寡糖Nitrile 腈Polysaccharide 多糖Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Alditol 糖醇Isonitrile 异腈Osazone 脎Amide 酰胺Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Imide 二酰亚胺Cycloalkene 环烷N-bromo compound N-溴化物Spirane 环烯Hydrazide 酰肼Cage compound螺烷Acyl azide 酰叠氮Propellane 笼型化合物Amidine 脒Rotazane 螺桨烷Keto ester 酮酸酯Catenane 轮烷Acyl cyanide 酰腈Rused ring 索烃Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyanamide 氨腈Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯10。
(完整版)有机化学专业英语词汇(精)
有机化学专业英语词汇(精)acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 烯丙基 [propenyl(丙烯基)] alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-carboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的，次hyper- 高级的，高-ic 酸的，高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替胺，酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodine 碘iodo- 碘代iso- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一，单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位，仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高，过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚，多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式，同，共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨thio- 硫代tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单，一unsym- 不对称的，偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上) -yne 炔organic compounds 有机化合物compounds of carbon 碳化合物hydrocarbons and their derivatives 碳氢化合物及其衍生物organic chemistry 有机化学structure of molecule 分子结构chemical bond 化学键covalent bond 共价键hybrid orbital 杂化轨道bond length 键长bond angle 键角bond energy键能polarity 极性dissociation energy 离解能constitution构造contiguration构型conformation构象stereochemistry立体化学tetrahedral正四面体cis-顺trans-反isomerism同分异构现象isomer异构体stereoisomer立体异构constitutional isomer构造异构structural formula 结构式octet八隅体perspective 透视式eclipsed conformation重叠式构象staggered conformation交叉式构象newman projection纽曼投影式functional group 官能团chain compoud 链状化合物carbocyclic compound碳环化合物heterocyclic compound杂环化合物dipole-dipole interactions 偶极-偶极相互作用van der Waals forces 范德华力hydrogen bonding 氢键dipole moment偶极矩electronegativity 电负性physical property物理性质melting point熔点boiling point 沸点reaction mechanism反应机理homolysis均裂free redical自由基heterolysis异裂ionic type离子型electrophilic reagent亲电试剂electrophilic reaction亲电反应nucleophilic reagent亲核试剂nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应英文名汉文名Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型[的]Phenyl group 苯基Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型[的]Activating group 活化基团Chromophore 生色团Auxochrome 助色团Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Smally ring 小环Common ring 普通环Medium rimg 中环Large ring 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound 螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭Conjugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子Isomerism 异构[现象]Aci form 酸式Fluxional structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体Laevo isomer 左旋异构体Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Phantom atom 虚拟原子Homotopic 等位[的]Heterotopic 异位[的] Enantiotopic 对映异位[的] Diastereotopic 非对映异位[的] Configuration 构型Absolute configuration 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性[的]Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性[的]Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映[异构]体Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体Epimer 差向异构体Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E异构体Z isomer Z异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Re face Re面Si face Si面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Conformation 构象Conformational 构象分析Torsion angle 扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation 反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Gauche conformation, skewcon-formation 邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Axial bond 直[立]键Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Prelog’rule 普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Conformational transmission 构象传递Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position 邻位Meta position 间位Para position 对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckel’rule 休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Leois structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可[的]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Linear free energy 线性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Torsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Small-angle strain 小角张力Large angle strain 大角张力Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力I strain 内张力F strain 前张力B strain 后张力Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 纯手性[的] Mechanism 机理Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilicsub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilicsubsti-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）Internal nucleophilicsubstiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilicsubstitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilicsub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilicsubsti-tution 双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assistedunimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination withfor-mation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzedacyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzedacyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzedalkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Ion pair 离子对Carbocation 碳正离子Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾Nitrene 氮宾Carbine 碳炔Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Diaxial addition 双直键加成Markovnikov’s rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Michael addition 迈克尔加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理Electrophilic aromaticsubstitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性α-effect α-效应Backside attack 背面进攻Inversion 反转Umbrella effect 伞效应Push-pull effect 推拉效应Leaving group 离去基团Electrofuge 离电体Nucleofuge 离核体Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proupassistance,anchimeric assistance 邻助作用Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Apofacial reaction 反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Aryl action 芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmann’s rule 霍夫曼规则Bredt rule 布雷特规则Initiation 引发Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Partial bond fixation 键[的]部分固定化02．3有机化学反应Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 双氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation 亚硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Coupling reaction 偶联反应Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应1,4-addition 1，4-加成Conjugate addition 共轭加成Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氢化Oxyamination 羟氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脱羰Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Ring clsure 环合Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene synthesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar addition 偶极加成- elimination -消除- elimination -消除- elimination -消除-elimination -消除Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交换Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation 增环反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation 环氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Aromatization 芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Single electron transfer 单电子转移Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Mitallation 金属化Lithiation 锂化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应] Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Double bond migration 双键移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小[反应] Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应]-ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migration 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排2．4 有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Alkane 烷Wax 蜡Paraffin wax 石蜡Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物Carbon acid 碳氢酸Super acid 超酸Diene 双烯Triene 三烯Allene 丙二烯Ccumulene 累积多烯Enyne 烯炔Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷Alcohol 醇Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 环氧化物Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季铵化合物Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfoxide 亚砜Sulfone 砜Aldehyde 醛Detone 酮Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半缩醛Acetal 缩醛Ketal 缩酮Dithiane 二噻烷Aminal 缩醛胺imine 亚胺Aldimine 醛亚胺Oxime 肟Aldimine 醛肟Oxime 亚硝基化合物aldoxime 硝酮Hydrazone 腙Azine 嗪Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羟腈Pinacol 频哪醇Enol 烯醇Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯Enamine 烯胺Ynamine 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱Carboxylic acid 羧酸Ester 酯orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰卤Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl rtomide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene 乙烯酮Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Nitrile 腈Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Isonitrile 异腈Amide 酰胺Imide 二酰亚胺N-bromo compound N-溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼Acyl azide 酰叠氮Amidine 脒Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyanamide 氨腈Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Lactone 内酯Lactol 内半缩醛Macrolide 大环内酯Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterions 两性离子Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱Lactam 内酰胺Hydantion 乙内酰脲Peptide 肽Glycol 二醇Aldol 羟醛Acyloin 偶姻Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖Ketose 酮糖Furanose 呋喃糖Pyranose 吡喃糖Glycoside 糖苷Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon 苷元Saccharide 糖类Oligosaccharide 寡糖Polysaccharide 多糖Alditol 糖醇Osazone 脎Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Cycloalkene 环烷Spirane 环烯Cage compound 螺烷Propellane 笼型化合物Rotazane 螺桨烷Catenane 轮烷Rused ring 索烃11。
（完整版）化学专业英语常用词汇
（完整版）化学专业英语常用词汇☆常用： ppm: parts per millionppb: parts per billion pH: potential of hydrogen1. 化合物的命名：规则：金属(或某些非金属)元素+阴离子名称(1)MgCl2 magnesium [m?ɡ’ni:zj ?m] chloride (2)NaNO2sodium nitrite [‘naitrait](3)KNO3 potassium[p ?’t?si ?m] nitrate [‘naitreit] (4)硝酸nitric acid(5)NaHCO3 sodium hydrogen carbonate练习：FeBr2 ? (NH4)2SO4 ? NH4H2PO4KMnO4亚硫酸sulfurous acidH2SNO2 有机物命名Hydrocarbon{Aliphatic hydrocarbon; Aromatic Hydrocarbon}Aliphatic hydrocarbon (脂肪烃){Alkane (烷); Alkene(烯); Alkyne(炔)}Alcohol 醇Aldehyde 醛Ketone [‘ki:t?un] 酮Carboxylic acid 羧酸Aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃){benzene (苯) hydroxybenzene(酚) quinone(醌)无机物中关于数字的写法mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-一，二，三，四，五，六，七，八，九，十有机物中关于数字的写法meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-,甲乙丙丁戊已hept-, oct-, non-, dec-, cyclo-, poly-庚辛壬葵环聚练习甲烷乙炔丙酮丁醇戊烷己烯庚醛辛烷2-甲基壬酸 3,5-二乙基癸醇Lithium [‘liθi?m] n.锂Beryllium [b?’rilj?m] n.铍(Be)Sodium [‘s?udi?m] n.钠Potassium [p?’t?si?m] 钾Rubidium [ru:’bidi?m] 铷Caesium [‘si:zi?m] 铯Nucleus[‘nju:kli s] 原子核，是nuclear的复数Halogen[‘h?l?d??n] 卤素general chemistry 普通化学positive[‘p?z?tiv] ion 阳离子orbital electron 轨道电子effective nuclear charge 有效核电荷atomic radius 原子半径，raddi的复数ionic radius 离子半径negative ion 阴离子electron cloud 电子云Van der Waals non-bounded radius单质分子晶体中相邻分子间两个非键合原子核间距离的一半称为范德华半径metallic [mi’t?lik] character[‘k?rikt?] 金属特性electropositive [I’lektr?u’p?z?tiv] a.带正电的Ionization [‘ai?nai’zei??n] energy 电离能carbon 碳germanium[d??:’meini?m] 锗tin [tin] 锡 lead [led] 铅sodium[‘s?udi?m] 钠magnesium[m?ɡ’ni:zj?m] 镁silicon [‘silik?n] 硅chlorine [’kl?:ri:n] 氯nonmetallic [‘n?nmi’t?lik]adj.n.非金属的，非金属Electronegativity 电负性Metallic oxide 金属氧化物Metallic hydroxide [hai’dr?ksaid] 金属氢氧化物Hydroxyl [hai‘dr?ksil] ions 氢氧根离子insoluble[in’s?ljubl] 不溶解的Ionic [ai‘?nik] adj. 离子的Transition element 过渡元素Basicity [b?’sisiti] n. 碱性，碱度Oxyacid [,?ksi’?sid] 含氧酸Carbonate [‘kɑ:b?neit] 碳酸盐Nitrate [‘naitreit] 硝酸盐Sulphate [‘s?lfeit] 硫酸盐 = sulfateAmphoteric [,?mf?’terik] adj.两性的Acid [‘?sid] n. adj.alkali [‘?lk?lai] n.adj.Hydration [hai’drei??n] 水合作用Hydrolyze [‘haidr?laiz] vi. 水解Oxysalt [‘?ksis?:lt] 含氧酸盐Complex 络合物，复合物句子理解1) Metals are electropositive and have a tendency to loss electrons, if suppliedwith energy: M M+ + e. 金属是电正性的，如果供给能量，有失去电子的趋势。
有机化学中英文名词归纳整理
有机化学中英文名词归纳整理第1章绪论蛛网式cobweb formula缩写式condensed formula键线式bond-line formula共价键covalent bond八隅律octet rule杂化轨道hybrid orbital偶极-偶极作用力dipole-dipole interaction官能团functional group反应机制mechanism自由基free radical共振理论resonance theory共振杂化体resonance hybrid第2章立体化学手性chirality对映体enantiomer手性分子chiral molecule对称碳原子asymmetric carbon atom对称面symmetric plane对称中心symmetric center费歇尔投影式Fischer projection偏振光polarized light旋光性optical activity旋光度optical rotation比旋光度specific rotation外消旋体racemate非对映异构体diastereoisomer差向异构体epimer内消旋化合物meso-tartaric acid构型configuration第3章结构测定吸收光谱absorption spectra紫外光谱ultraviolet spectra红外光谱infrared spectra伸缩振动stretching vibration弯曲振动bending vibration核磁共振nuclear magnetic resonance 屏蔽效应shielding effect去屏蔽效应deshielding effect信号裂分signal splitting自旋-自旋偶合spin-spin coupling偶合常数coupling constant质谱mass spectroscopy分子离子molecular ion碎片离子fragment ion同位素峰isotope peak第4章烷烃和环烷烃甲烷methane 乙烷ethane 丙烷propane 丁烷butane 戊烷pentane 己烷hexane 庚烷heptane 辛烷octane 壬烷nonane 癸烷decane 正n- 异iso- 新neo-methylMe甲基ethylEt乙基n-propyln-Pr(正)丙基isopropyl iso-Pr异丙基n-butyln-Bu(正)丁基sec-butylsec-Bu仲丁基iso-butyliso-Bu异丁基tert-butylt-Bu叔丁基构象conformation构象异构体conformational isomer沸点boiling point, b.p.熔点melting point ，m.p.卤代反应(halogenation)第5章烯烃和炔烃烯烃alkene炔烃alkyne不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon加成反应addition reaction亲电加成反应electrophilic addition马尔科夫尼可夫规律Markownikov” rule 碳正离子Carbenium ion催化加氢Catalytic hydrogenation聚合反应polymeric reaction聚合物polymer单体monomer共轭二烯烃conjugated diene共轭效应Conjugate effect共轭加成conjugated addition第6章芳香烃苯及其同系物芳香烃aromatic hydrocarbons芳香族化合物aromatic compound苯benzene亲电取代electrophilic substitution卤代反应Halogenation reaction硝化反应nitration磺化反应sulfonation烷基化反应alkylation酰基化反应acylation氯苯chlorobenzene溴苯bromobenzene苯磺酸benzene sulfonic acid傅-克反应Friedel-Crafts alkylation稠环芳香烃萘naphthalene蒽anthracene菲phenanthrene休克尔规则Huckel rule第7章卤代烃卤代烷haloalkane亲核试剂nucleophilic reagent过渡态transition state乙烯基卤代烃vinyl halohydrocarbon 烯丙基卤代烃allyl halohydrocarbon 苄基卤代烃benzyl halohydrocarbon 卤代烃halohydrocarbon亲核取代反应nucleophilic substitution 消除反应elimination第8章醇硫醇酚醇alcohol硫醇thiol或mercaptan苯酚phenol萘酚naphthol二硫化物disulfide甲基亚砜dimethyl sulfoxide，DMSO 氧化反应oxidation还原反应reduction烯醇enol：第9章醚醚ether概念：鍚盐oxonium salt过氧化物peroxide环醚cyclic ether开环反应ring open reaction冠醚crown ether名称：四氢呋喃tetrahydrofuran第10章醛和酮醛aldehyde酮ketone概念：羰基carbonyl group醇醛缩合aldol condensation互变异构现象tautomerism碘仿反应iodoform reaction福尔马林formalin酮体ketone body醌quinone名称：甲醛formaldehyde氰醇cyanohydrin半缩醛hemiacetal缩醛acetal缩酮ketal水合氯醛chloral hydrate水合茚三酮ninhydrin2，4-二硝基苯胼2，4-dinitrophenylhydrazine 烯醇enol酮式keto form烯醇式enol formTollens试剂Tollens reagent Fehling试剂Fehling reagent第11章羧酸和取代羧酸一、羧酸羧酸carboxylic acid取代羧酸substituted carboxylic acid 邻位效应ortho-effect羧酸衍生物carboxylic acid derivative 酰卤acyl halide或acid halide酯ester酯化反应esterification脱羧反应decarboxylation二、取代羧酸卤代羧酸halogeno acid羟基酸hydroxy acid氨基酸amino acid第12章羧酸衍生物羧酸衍生物羧酸衍生物derivatives of carboxylic acid羧酸衍生物的亲核取代反应nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction 水解反应hydrolysis醇解反应alcohoysis氨解反应ammonolysis酰化反应acylating reaction酰化剂acylating agent碳酸衍生物derivatives carbonic acid尿素urea丙二酰脲malonyl urea胍guanidine巴比妥barital巴比妥酸barbituric acid罂粟碱papaverine20.海洛因heroin第13章胺和生物碱胺amine胆碱choline乙酰胆碱acetylcholine生物碱：一般指生物体内的一类含氮有机化合物重氮diazo偶氮环合物azo-compound重氮盐diazo salt重氮酸盐diazoate偶联反应coupling reaction重氮化合物盐酸普鲁卡因procaine hydrochloride苯磺酰氯benzenesulfonyl choride甲苯磺酰氯tosyl chloride兴斯堡实验Hinsberg test重氮化反应diazotization偶氮染料azo dyes酸性橙Iacid orange I甲基橙methyl orange生物碱alkaloid麻黄碱ephedrine阿托品atropine阿片opium吗啡morphine可待因codeine第14章杂环化合物呋喃furan噻吩thiophene吡咯pyrrole噻唑thiazole吡唑pyrazole咪唑imidazole吡啶pyridine吡喃pyran嘧啶pyrimidine喹啉quinoline异喹啉isoquinoline嘌呤purine第15章脂类油脂油脂lipid=三酰甘油triacylglycerol=甘油三酯triglyceride油oil脂肪fat脂肪酸fatty acid皂化反应saponification：油脂在碱性溶液中的水解又称皂化反应皂化值saponification number：g油脂完全皂化时所需氢氧化钾的毫克数碘值iodine number：00g油脂所能吸收的碘的克数酸败rancidity：油脂在空气中放置过久，会发生变质，产生难闻的气味，这种现象称为酸败酸值acid number：中和g油脂中的游离脂肪酸所需氢氧化钾的毫克数磷脂phospholipid甘油磷脂glycerophosphatide卵磷脂lecithin脑磷脂cephalin胆碱choline乙醇胺ethanolamine鞘磷脂sphingomyelin鞘氨醇sphingosine神经酰胺ceramide甾族化合物steroid甾醇sterol第16章糖类糖saccharide概念：单糖monosaccharide：不能在被水解成更小分子的糖，如葡萄糖、果糖、核糖。
有机化学词汇
Mitosis有丝分裂
Motility运动性
Numerous许多
Collagenprotein胶原蛋白
Extracellular matrix (ECM)细胞外基质
Signalling发信号
Anchored固定的
Integrinprotein整联蛋白
Fibronectinprotein纤连蛋白
Pinocytosis胞饮作用
Immune免疫的
Fertilized egg受精卵
Nutrients营养
Engulf吞噬
receptor mediated endocytosis
受体介导的(细胞)内摄作用
Catherin-coated pits网格蛋白小窝
Transformation转化
Anabolism合成代谢
Amphipathic两性分子的
Triacylglycerols三酰基甘油
Glycerol甘油
Lipids脂质
Steroids类固醇
Oligosaccharide低聚糖
Phospholipid bilayer磷脂双分子层
Hormone激素
Sequence序列
Amino acid氨基酸
Peptide bond肽键
Synthase合酶
Dense密集的
Fibre纤维
Crista/cristae(p)脊
Respiratory呼吸的
Cytoskeleton细胞骨架
Intermediate filament中间丝
Microtubules微管
Microfilament微丝
Flagella鞭毛
Cilia纤毛
Glycocalyx糖蛋白
有机化学中英文对照表
有机化学中英文对照表有机化学可以直接下载WORD版本英文名汉文名Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型[的]Phenyl group 苯基Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型[的]Activating group 活化基团Chromophore 生色团Auxochrome 助色团Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Smally ring 小环Common ring 普通环Medium rimg 中环Large ring 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound 螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭Conjugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子Isomerism 异构[现象]Aci form 酸式Fluxional structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体Laevo isomer 左旋异构体Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Phantom atom 虚拟原子Homotopic 等位[的]Heterotopic 异位[的]Enantiotopic 对映异位[的] Diastereotopic 非对映异位[的] Configuration 构型Absolute configuration 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性[的]Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性[的]Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映[异构]体Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体Epimer 差向异构体Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E异构体Z isomer Z异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Re face Re面Si face Si面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Conformation 构象Conformational 构象分析Torsion angle 扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation 反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Axial bond 直[立]键Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Prelog’rule普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Conformational transmission 构象传递Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position 邻位Meta position 间位Para position 对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckel’rule休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Leois structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可[的]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Linear free energy 线性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Torsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Small-angle strain 小角张力Large angle strain 大角张力Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力I strain 内张力F strain 前张力B strain 后张力Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 纯手性[的]Mechanism 机理Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Ion pair 离子对Carbocation 碳正离子Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾Nitrene 氮宾Carbine 碳炔Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Diaxial addition 双直键加成Markovnikov’s rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Michael addition 迈克尔加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性α-effect α-效应Backside attack 背面进攻Inversion 反转Umbrella effect 伞效应Push-pull effect 推拉效应Leaving group 离去基团Electrofuge 离电体Nucleofuge 离核体Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance 邻助作用Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Apofacial reaction 反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Aryl action 芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmann’s反应Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 双氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation 亚硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Coupling reaction 偶联反应Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应1,4-addition 1，4-加成Conjugate addition 共轭加成Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氢化Oxyamination 羟氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脱羰Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Ring clsure 环合Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene synthesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar addition 偶极加成- elimination -消除- elimination -消除- elimination -消除-elimination -消除Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交换Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation 增环反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation 环氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Aromatization 芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Single electron transfer 单电子转移Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Mitallation 金属化Lithiation 锂化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应] Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Double bond migration 双键移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应] -ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migration 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排2．4 有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Alkane 烷Wax 蜡Paraffin wax 石蜡Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物Carbon acid 碳氢酸Super acid 超酸Diene 双烯Triene 三烯Allene 丙二烯Ccumulene 累积多烯Enyne 烯炔Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷Alcohol 醇Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 环氧化物Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季铵化合物Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfoxide 亚砜Sulfone 砜Aldehyde 醛Detone 酮Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半缩醛Acetal 缩醛Ketal 缩酮Dithiane 二噻烷Aminal 缩醛胺imine 亚胺Aldimine 醛亚胺Oxime 肟Aldimine 醛肟Oxime 亚硝基化合物aldoxime 硝酮Hydrazone 腙Azine 嗪Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羟腈Pinacol 频哪醇Enol 烯醇Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯Enamine 烯胺Ynamine 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱Carboxylic acid 羧酸Ester 酯orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰卤Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl rtomide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene 乙烯酮Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Nitrile 腈Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Isonitrile 异腈Amide 酰胺Imide 二酰亚胺N-bromo compound N-溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼Acyl azide 酰叠氮Amidine 脒Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyanamide 氨腈Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Lactone 内酯Lactol 内半缩醛Macrolide 大环内酯Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterions 两性离子Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱Lactam 内酰胺Hydantion 乙内酰脲Peptide 肽Glycol 二醇Aldol 羟醛Acyloin 偶姻Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖Ketose 酮糖Furanose 呋喃糖Pyranose 吡喃糖Glycoside 糖苷Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon 苷元Saccharide 糖类Oligosaccharide 寡糖Polysaccharide 多糖Alditol 糖醇Osazone 脎Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Cycloalkene 环烷Spirane 环烯Cage compound 螺烷Propellane 笼型化合物Rotazane 螺桨烷Catenane 轮烷Rused ring 索烃。
【有机化学专业英语词汇】
【有机化学专业英语词汇】v1.0可编辑可修改有机化学专业英语词汇（精）acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 烯丙基［prope nyl（丙烯基）］alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷an hydride 酐an ili no- 苯胺基bromo-溴butyl 丁基-carb inol 甲醇carb onyl 羰基-carboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10 -2chloro-氯代cis- 顺式con de nsed缩合的、冷凝的cyclo-环deca-十deci 10 -1-di ne 啶dodeca-十二aquo-含水的-ase 酶-ate含氧酸的盐、酯-atri yne 三炔azo-偶氮benzene 苯bi-在盐类前表示酸式盐bis-双-borane 硼烷-ene 烯epi-表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl乙基fluoro-氟代form 仿v1.0可编辑可修改-lact one 内酯-ide无氧酸的盐，酰替胺，酐-il 偶酰octa-八-imi ne 亚胺iodi ne 碘iodo-碘代iso- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐keto-酮ketone 酮octadeca-十八-oic酸的-ol醇-one 酮ortho- 邻，正，原-ous亚酸的，低价金属oxa-氧杂-oxide氧化合物-oxime 肟hemi-半hen deca- 十一hepta-七heptadeca-十七hexa-六hexadeca-十六-hydri n 醇hydro-氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo-低级的，次hyper-高级的，高mega- 106 meta-间，偏methoxy-甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10 -6milli- 10 -3mono- ( mon-) 一，单-ic酸的，高价金属nano- 10 一n itro- 硝基n itroso- 亚硝基nona-九nonadeca-十九-glycol 二醇v1.0可编辑可修改covale nt bond 共价键hybrid orbital 杂化轨道bond len gth 键长oxo-酮 tetrakis- 四个oxy-氧化thio- 硫代-oyl 酰 trans- 反式，超，跨para- 对位，仲 tri-三 penta-五 trideca- 十三 pentadeca-十五tris-三个per- 高，过petro- 石油 undeca- 十^一- phenol 苯酚 uni-单，一phenyl 苯基un sym-不对称的，偏位-12pico- 10poly-聚，多 -yl 基quadri- 四 -yne 炔quinque-五organic compounds 有机化合物semi-半compo unds of carb on 碳化合物septi- 七hydrocarbons and their derivatives sesqui 一个半碳氢化合物及其衍生物 sulfa- 磺胺 orga nic chemistry有机化学sym- 对称structure of molecule 分子结构syn- 顺式，同，共chemical bond 化学键 ter- tetra-tetradeca- 十四bond angle 键角thio- 硫代-ylene 撑（二价基，价在不同原子上）v1.0可编辑可修改bond energy 键能hydroge n bonding 氢键polarity 极性dipole moment 偶极矩dissociati on en ergy 离解能electr on egativity 电负性con stituti on 构造physical property 物理性质con tigurati on 构型melt ing point 熔点conformation 构象boili ng point 沸点stereochemistry 立体化学react ion mecha nism 反应机理tetrahedral 正四面体homolysis 均裂cis-顺free redical 自由基trans-反heterolysis 异裂isomerism同分异构现象ion ic type 离子型isomer异构体electrophilic reage nt 亲电试剂stereoisomer 立体异构electrophilic react ion 亲电反应con stituti onal isomer 构造异构nu cleophilic reage nt 亲核试剂structural formula 结构式nu cleophilic react ion 亲核反应octet八隅体英文名汉文名perspective 透视式An gular methyl group 角甲基eclipsed con formati on 重叠式构象Alkylide ne group 亚烷基staggered con formati on 交叉式构象Allyl group 烯丙基n ewma n project ion 纽曼投影式Allylic 烯丙型［的］functional group 官能团Phe nyl group 苯基chain compoud链状化合物Aryl group 芳基carbocyclic compo und碳环化合物Ben zyl group 苄基彳heterocyclic compo und 杂环化合物Benzylic 苄型［的］dipole-dipole in teract偶极- Activat ing group 活化基团ions偶极相互作用Chromophore 生色团van der Waals forces 范德华力Auxochrome 助色团v1.0可编辑可修改Magn etically ani sotropic group 磁各向异性基团Smally ring 小环Com mon ring 普通环Medium rimg 中环Large ring 大环Bridged-ri ng system 桥环体系Spiro compound螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound八面体化合物Con jugatio n 共轭Con jugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰［基］正离子Benzylic cation 苄［基］正离子Arenirm ion 芳［基］正离子Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子Radical catio n 自由基正离子Radical a nio n 自由基负离子Isomerism 异构［现象］Aci form 酸式Fluxi onal structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体Laevo isomer 左旋异构体T etrahedral con figuratio n 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构［现象］Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carb on 不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric carb on 假不对称碳Phantom atom虚拟原子Homotopic 等位［的］Heterotopic 异位［的］Enantiotopic 对映异位［的］Diastereotopic 非对映异位［的］Con figurati on 构型Absolute con figurati on 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral手性［的］Chiral ce nter 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral非手性［的］Fischer projectio n 费歇尔投影式Neoma n projectio n 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomen clature D-L 命名体系v1.0可编辑可修改R-S syytem of nomen clature R-S 命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则v1.0可编辑可修改Symmetry factor 对称因素Pla ne of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer对映［异构］体Diastereomer 非对映［异构］体Epimer差向异构体Anomer端基［差向］异构体Erythro con figurati on 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo con figurati on 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carb on 三角型碳Cis-tra ns isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E 异构体Z isomer Z 异构体Endo isomer内型异构体Exo isomer外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S 基团Re face Re 面Si face Si 面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compo und外消旋化合物Racemic solid solutio n 外消旋固体溶液Meso compou nd内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Con formati on 构象Con formati onal 构象分析Torsi on an gle 扭转角Rotamer旋转异构体Anti con formati on 反式构象Bisect ing con formatio n 等分构象Anti peripla nar con formati on 反叠构象Syn peripla nar con formati on 顺叠构象Syn cli nal con formatio n 反错构象Syn cli nal con formatio n 顺错构象Eclipsed con formati on 重叠构象Gauche con formati on,skew con-formatio n 邻位交叉构象Staggered con formati on 对位交叉构象Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体。
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______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 精品资料 Alkaloid ['ælkəlɔid] 生物碱 Alkalinity [,ælkə'linəti] 碱性 Anion ['ænaiən] 阴离子 Cation ['kætaiən] 阳离子 Bromine ['brəumi:n] 溴 Chlorine ['klɔ:ri:n] 氯 Fluorine ['flu（:）əri:n] 氟 Iodine ['aiəudi:n] 碘 Beryllium 铍 Bond dissociation energy 键解离能 Branched chain [brɑ:ntʃ, bræntʃ] 支链 Conjugate acid（base） ['kɔndʒuɡeit] 共轭酸（碱） Localization [,ləukəlai'zeiʃən] 定域 Coordinate bond [kəu'ɔ:dineit] 配位键 Covalent bond 共价键 Delocalization 离域 Neon ['ni:ɔn, -ən] 氖 Nitrogen ['naitrədʒən] 氮 Oxygen ['ɔksidʒən] 氧 Dye [dai] 染料 Nucleophilic regeant [,nju:kliəu'filik] 亲核试剂 Electrophilic regeant [i,lektrəu'filik] 亲电试剂 Electronegativity [i'lektrəu,neɡə'tivəti] 电负性 Electron atmosphere 电子云 Electrovalent bond 电价键 Halogen ['hælədʒin] 卤素 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 精品资料 Phosphorus ['fɔsfərəs] 磷 Silicium [si'lisiəm] 硅 Hydrogen ['haidrədʒən] 氢 Hybridized orbital ['haibrid] 杂化轨道 Ion ['aiən] 离子 Stereochemistry [,steriəu'kemistri] 立体化学 Stereo-isomerism [ai'sɔmərizəm] 立体异构现象 Isomer ['aisəumə] 同分异构体 Sulfur ['sʌlfə] 硫 Tetrahedron 正四面体 Acetic acid [ə'si:tik] 乙酸 Acetylene [ə'setili:n] 乙烯 Acid anhydride 酸酐 Acyclic hydrocarbon 链烃 Acyl halide 酰卤 Alcohol ['ælkəhɔl] 醇 Aldehyde ['ældihaid] 醛 Alicyclic compound ['æli'saiklik] 脂环化合物 Aliphatic heterocylcic compound [,æli'fætik] 脂杂环化合物 Alkane ['ælkein] 烷 Alkene ['ælki:n] 烯 Alkyne ['ælkain] 炔 Alkyl ['ælkil] 烷基 Amide ['æmaid] 酰胺 Amine [ə'mi:n, 'æmin] 胺 Amino [ə'mi:nəu] 氨基 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 精品资料 Anthracene [æn'θrəsi:n] 蒽 Arene ['æri:n] 芳烃 Aromaticity [ə,rəumə'tisəti] 芳香性 Aromatic compound [,ærəu'mætik] 芳香化合物 Aromatic heterocyclic compound 芳杂环化合物 Benzene ['benzi:n] 苯 Biphenyl 联苯 Carbocyclic compound 碳环化合物 Carbonyl 羰基 Carboxyl 羧基 Carboxylic acid 羧酸 Chiral carbon atom 手性碳原子 Chirality [kai'ræliti:] 手性 Chloride ['klɔ:raid] 氯化物 Fluoride ['flu（:）əraid] 氟化物 Iodide ['aiəudaid] 碘化物 Chloroform ['klɔrəfɔ:m] 氯仿 Cyano ['saiənəu] 氰基 Ester ['estə] 酯 Ether ['i:θə] 醚 Formic acid 甲酸 Formyl 甲酰基 Halohydrocarbon 卤代烃 Heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物 Hydroxyl [hai'drɔksil] 羟基 Hydroxymethyl 羟甲基 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 精品资料 Imine [i'mi:n] 亚胺 Imino 亚氨基 Iodoform 碘仿 Isotope ['aisəutəup] 同位素 Ketone ['ki:təun] 酮 Lactide ['læktaid] 交酯 Lactone ['læktəun] 内酯 Lactam ['læktæm] 内酰胺 Lactim ['læktim] 内酰亚胺 Mercapto [mə'kæptəu] 巯基 Naphthalene ['næfθəli:n] 萘 Nitrile ['naitrail] 腈 Nitro ['naitrəu] 硝基 Nitro compound 硝基化合物 Nitroso [nai'trəusəu] 亚硝基 Peroxide [pə'rɔksaid] 过氧化合物 Peroxy group 过氧基 Phenanthrene [fi'nænθri:n] 菲 Phenol ['fi:nɔl] 酚 Phenyl ['fenəl] 苯基 Primary carbon 一级碳 Secondary carbon 二级碳 Tertiary carbon ['tə:ʃəri] 三级碳 Quaternary carbon [kwə'tə:nəri] 四级碳 Spiro atom 螺原子 Styrene 苯乙烯 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 精品资料 Sulfo 磺酸基 Sulfonic acid [sʌl'fəunik] 磺酸 Tautomeric isomer [,tɔ:tə'merik] ['aisəumə] 互变异构体 Tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃 Thio-alcohol 硫醇 Thio-phenol 硫酚 Toluene ['tɔljui:n] 甲苯 Xylene 二甲苯 Absolute configuration 绝对构型 Conformation [,kɔnfɔ:'meiʃən] 构象 Angle strain 角张力 Torsion strain 扭转张力 Asymmetric carbon [,æsi'metrik] 不对称碳原子 Asymmetric synthesis ['sinθisis] 不对称合成 Chiral axle ['kaiərəl] ['æksəl] 手性轴 Chiral plane 手性面 Elute [i'ju:t] 洗脱 Prochirality 前手性 Racemate 外消旋体 Racemic compound 外消旋化合物 Racemization 外消旋化 Racemize 外消旋 Resolution [,rezə'lu:ʃən] 拆分 Specific rotation 比旋光度 Stereoselectiviey 立体选择性 Stereospecificity 立体专一性 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 精品资料 Symmetric axle 对称轴 Symmetric plane 对称面 Tetrahedral configuration [kən,fiɡju'reiʃən] 正四面体构型 Activate intermediate [,intə'mi:djət, -dieit] 活泼中间体 Chlorizate 氯化 Fluorinate 氟化 Brominate 溴化 Iodizate 碘化 Aromatization [,ərəumətai'zeiʃən] 芳构化 Nitration [nai'treiʃən] 硝化 Nitrate ['naitreit] 硝酸盐 Condensation [,kɔnden'seiʃən] 缩合反应 Addition reaction 加成反应 Electrophilic reaction 亲电反应 Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应 Elementary reaction [,eli'mentəri] 基元反应 Elimination reaction [i,limi'neiʃən] 消除反应 Ionic reaction 离子反应 Substitution reaction 取代反应 Synergistic reaction [,sinə'dʒistik] 协同反应 Free radical reaction 自由基反应 Dynamics [dai'næmiks] 动力学 Thermodynamics [,θə:məudai'næmiks] 热力学 Endothermic reaction [,endəu'θə:mik] 吸热反应 Exothermic reaction [,eksəu'θə:mik] 放热反应 Equilibrium constant [,i:kwi'libriəm] 平衡常数