有机化学专业英语词汇常用前后词缀
化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀小蚂蚁社区
化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的，次-ic 酸的，高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替胺，酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodine 碘iodo- 碘代iso- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro-milli-mono- ( mon-) 一，单nano-nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮-yne 炔ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位，仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高，过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚，多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半***i- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式，同，共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单，一unsym- 不对称的，偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上)。
化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀和各种物质的缩写
化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀有机化学合成常见缩写Ac Acetyl 乙酰基DMAP 4—dimethylaminopyridine 4—二甲氨基吡啶acac Acetylacetonate 乙酰丙酮基DME dimethoxyethane 二甲醚AIBN Azo-bis-isobutryonitrile 2，2’-二偶氮异丁腈DMF N,N'—dimethylformamide 二甲基甲酰胺aq. Aqueous 水溶液dppf bis （diphenylphosphino）ferrocene 双（二苯基膦基）二茂铁9-BBN 9-borabicyclo［3.3.1］nonane 9-硼二环［3.3.1]壬烷dppp 1,3—bis （diphenylphosphino)propane 1,3—双（二苯基膦基）丙烷BINAP （2R，3S）-2,2’—bis （diphenylphosphino）—1，1’—binaphthyl(2R，3S)-2。
2'-二苯膦－1。
1’-联萘亦简称为联二萘磷BINAP是日本名古屋大学的Noyori（2001年诺贝尔奖）发展的一类不对称合成催化剂dvb Divinylbenzene 二乙烯苯Bn Benzyl 苄基e- Electrolysis 电解BOC t—butoxycarbonyl 叔丁氧羰基（常用于氨基酸氨基的保护)％ee % enantiomeric excess 对映体过量百分比(不对称合成术语）％de % diasteromeric excess 非对映体过量百分比（不对称合成术语）Bpy （Bipy) 2,2’-bipyridyl 2，2'—联吡啶EDA (en） ethylenediamine 乙二胺Bu n—butyl 正丁基EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸二钠Bz Benzoyl 苯甲酰基EE 1-ethoxyethyl 乙氧基乙基c— Cyclo 环－Et Ethyl 乙基FMN Flavin mononucleotide 黄素单核苷酸CAN Ceric ammonium nitrate 硝酸铈铵Cat. Catalytic 催化Fp flash point 闪点CBz Carbobenzyloxy 苄氧羰基FVP Flash vacuum pyrolysis 闪式真实热解法h hours 小时Min Minute 分钟hv Irradiation with light 光照COT 1,3，5—cyclooctatrienyl 1，3，5-环辛四烯1，5—HD 1，5-hexadienyl 1，5－己二烯Cp Cyclopentadienyl 环戊二烯基HMPA Hexamethylphosphoramide 六甲基磷酸三胺CSA 10-camphorsulfonic acid 樟脑磺酸HMPT Hexamethylphosphorus triamide 六甲基磷酰胺CTAB Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide 十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（相转移催化剂）iPr isopropyl 异丙基Cy Cyclohexyl 环己基LAH Lithium aluminum hydride 氢化铝锂(LiAlH4）LDA Lithium diisopropylamide 二异丙基氨基锂（有机中最重要一种大体积强碱）dba Dibenzylidene acetone 苄叉丙酮LHMDS Lithium hexamethyldisilazideDBE 1，2—dibromoethane 1，2- 二溴乙烷LTBA Lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydrideDBN 1，8-diazabicyclo[5.4。
有机化学专业英语
烷基Alkyl [ˈælkil]芳基aryl [ˈæril]甲基methyl [ˈmeθil]亚甲基methylene[ˈmeθili:n]乙基ethyl [ˈeθil,ˈeθəl]丙基propyl [ˈprəupil]异丙基isopropyl [ˌaisəuˈprəupil]丁基butyl [ˈbju:til]戊基pentyl [ˈpentil]己基hexyl [ˈheksil]庚基heptyl [ˈheptil]辛基octyl [ˈɔktəl]壬基nonyl [ˈnɔnil]奎基decyl ['desəl][di:'s i l]叔丁基tert-butyl异丁基iso-butyl环戊基cyclopentyl []环己基cyclohexyl []甲氧基methoxyl ['metɒksɪl]乙氧基ethoxyl [eˈθɔksil]丁氧基butoxyl酰基acyl[ˈæsil]甲酰基formyl [ˈfɔ:mil]乙酰基acetyl [ˈæsitil]乙烯基vinyl [ˈvaɪnəl]或ethenyl丁烯基butenyl [ˈbjutənil]己烯基hexenyl庚烯基heptenyl [ˈheptəˌnil]烯丙基allyl [ˈælil]乙炔基ethinyl [eˈθainil] 或alkynyl硝基nitro [ˈnaitrəu]亚硝基nitroso [naiˈtrəusəu]氨基amino [əˈmi:nəʊ, ˈæməˌnəʊ]二氨基diamino亚氨基imino [ˈiminəu,iˈmi:nəu]重氮基diazo [daiˈæzəu]苯基phenyl [ˈfenəl,ˈfi:nəl,ˈfi:nil]苄基benzyl [ˈbenzil]或phenmethyl [ˌfinˈmeθil]苯乙基phenethyl [fenˈeθəl]乙氧苯基ethoxyphenyl苯胺基anilino [ˈænili:n]1羰基carbonyl [ˈkɑ:bənil]羧基carboxyl [kɑ:ˈbɔksil]联苯基biphenyl [baiˈfenl]甲酰基formyl [ˈfɔ:mil]苯酰，苯甲酰benzoyl ['benzəʊɪl]脒基guanyl [il]羟基hydroxyl [haiˈdrɔksil]烷氧基alkoxy [ælˈkɔksi]或alkoxyl group 芳基aryl group二芳基diaryl group [daiˈæril]吡啶基pyridyl[ˈpiridil]三苯甲基trityl['traɪtl]二苯甲基benzhydryl [benaɪd'raɪl]氨基甲酰基carbamoyl[kɑ:'bæməɪl]三甲基硅基trimethylsilyl炔丙基propargyl [prəʊ'pɑ:dʒɪl]丙酮基（乙酰甲基）acetonyl['æsɪtənɪl]正n，normal异iso邻位ortho-[ˈɔ:θəu]间位meta-['mɛtə]对位para-[ˈpɑ:rə]伯Primary ['praimәri]仲Secondary ['sekәndәri]叔Tertiary ['tә:ʃәri] tert-季碳quaternary [kwəˈtə:nəri] carbon一，单mono-二di-，双bis ，bi（化学中只有碳酸氢根才用bi，如bicarbonate [baiˈkɑ:bənit]）三tri-，tris四tetra-四quadric-五penta-五quinque-六hexa-七hepta-七septi八octa-九nona-十deca-['dɛkə]十一undeca ，hendeca-十二dodeca-十三trideca-十四tetradeca十五pentadeca-十六hexadeca-2十七heptadeca-顺式，cis-同，共syn反式trans有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物[]Hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物[ˌhaɪdrəˈk ɑ:bən] Alkane 烷[]Wax 蜡[]Paraffin wax 石蜡arene 芳烃[]Alkene 烯[]Alkyne 炔[ˈælkain]Acetylide 炔化物[] Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物acid [ˈæsid]Carbon acid 碳氢酸Super acid 超酸Diene 双烯[ˈdaii:n]Triene 三烯[ˈtraii:n]Allene 丙二烯[ˈæli:n]Propylene丙烯[] cumulene 累积多烯[] Enyne 烯炔[eˈni:n]Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷[ˈælkil ˈhælaid]Alcohol 醇[]Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚[ˈi:θə]Ester 酯[ˈestə]Ketone 酮Aldehyde 醛[ˈældihaid]Epoxide 环氧化物[eˈpɔksaid]Sulfone 砜[ˈsʌlf əun]Sulfoxide 亚砜Sulfonic acid 磺酸Carboxylic acid 羧酸Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Nitro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺[] Quaternaryammonium compound 季铵化合物[] []Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷[daɪ,æzəʊ'ælkeɪn] Mercaptan 硫醇[] Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半缩醛[ˌhemiˈæsitæl]3Acetal 缩醛acetal [化]乙缩醛, 乙缩醛二乙醇[ˈæsitæl] Ketal 缩酮[ˈki:tæl]thiazole噻唑[ˈθaiəˌzəul]Dithiane 二噻烷[daiˈθaiən]Aminal 缩醛胺;动物imine 亚胺[]Aldimine 醛亚胺Oxime 肟[]nitroso compound 亚硝基化合物aldoxime 醛肟，乙醛肟[ælˈdɔksi:m] Hydrazone 腙[ˈhaidrəˌzəun]Azine 嗪[ˈæzi:n]Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羟腈,氰醇[ˌsaiənəuˈhaidrin] Pinacol 频哪醇Enol 烯醇[ˈi:nɔl]Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯[ˈi:nɔl][ˈestə] Enamine 烯胺[iˈnæmin]Ynamine 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰卤[ˈæsil]Acyl fluoride 酰氟[]Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl bromide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘[ˈaiədaid]Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene 乙烯酮[ˈki:ti:n]Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Nitrile 腈[ˈnaitrail]acetonitrile 乙腈[ˌæsitəuˈnaitril]或methyl cyanide [ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd]Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Isonitrile 异腈，异氰化物Amide 酰胺[ˈæmaid]Imide 二酰亚胺[ˈimaid]N-bromo compound N-溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼[]Azide 叠氮化物[ˈæzaid,ˈeizid]Acyl azide 酰基叠氮[ˈæsil][ˈæzaid,ˈeizid] Amidine 脒[ˈæmiˌdi:n]Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈[ˈæsil][ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd] Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯[ˈkɑ:bəmeit]Urea 脲，尿素[] Cyanamide 氨腈[saiˈænəmaid] Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺[,kɑ:bədai'imaid] Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯[ˌθaiəuˈestə]Thiol acid 硫羰酸[ˈθaiəu]Lactone 内酯[ˈlæktəun]Lactol 内半缩醛[ˈlæktəl]4Macrolide 大环内酯[ˈmækrəlaid] Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterion两性离子[ˈtsvitəraiən]Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱[ˈbi:təi:n]Lactam 内酰胺[ˈlæktæm]Hydantoin 或glycolylurea 乙内酰脲[haiˈdæntəwin]Hydration水合，水合作用[haɪ'dreʃən] Peptide 肽[ˈpepˌtaɪd]Glycol 乙二醇[]Aldol 羟醛[ˈældəul]Acyloin 偶姻，酮醇[əˈsiləuin]acyloin condensation 酮醇缩合Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖[ˈældəus]Ketose 酮糖[ˈki:təus]Furanose 呋喃糖[ˈfjuərəˌnəus] Pyranose 吡喃糖[ˈpaiərənəus] Glycoside 糖苷[ˈɡlaikəˌsaid]Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon 苷元[əˈɡlaikɔn]Saccharide 糖类[ˈsækəraid] Oligosaccharide 寡糖[ˌɔliɡəuˈsækəraid] Polysaccharide 多糖[pɔliˈsækəraid] Alditol 糖醇[ˈælditɔl]Osazone 脎[ˈəusəˌzəun]Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物[æliˈsiklik] Cycloalkane 环烷Cycloalkene 环烯Spirane 螺烷[ˈspaiərein]Cage compound 笼型化合物Propellane 螺桨烷Rotazane 轮烷Catenane 索烃[ˈkætnein]Fused ring 稠环[fju:zd riŋ]化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基 'alkoxy- 烷氧基Methoxy甲氧基的-amide 酰胺 []amino- 氨基的[əˈmi:nəʊ, ˈæməˌnəʊ]-amidine 脒[ˈæmiˌdi:n]-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐[ænˈhaidraid]anilino- 苯胺基[ˈænili:n]aquo- 含水aqueous水的，水成的[ˈeikwiəs] -ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮[ˈæzəu]azoxy-氧化偶氮-N=N(O)-hydrazo-氢化偶氮-NH-NH-5benzene 苯[ˈbenˌzi:n, benˈzi:n] bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷[ˈbəurein]bromo- 溴butyl 丁基 .-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1di二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧 []-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基[] ethyl 乙基fluoro-或fluor- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的，次-ic 酸的，高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替胺，酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺 /iodine 碘[]iodo- 碘代iso- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一，单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八6-oic 酸的-ol 醇9 a$ f! Q, H: [5 n& G-one 酮ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟 []oxo- 酮 []oxy- 氧化 []-oyl 酰para- 对位，仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高，过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚[ˈfi:nəl]phenyl 苯基 []pico- 10-12poly- 聚，多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sulfa- 磺胺 []sym- 对称syn- 顺式，同，共ter- 三 -tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代[]trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一 .Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 双氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化7Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation 亚硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化[daiˌæzətaiˈzeiʃən] Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Coupling reaction 偶联反应uni- 单，一unsym- 不对称的，偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上)-yne 炔Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联[ˌdaiəˈzəuniəm]Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应1,4-addition 1，4-加成C-C Pi-bond C-C π键Conjugate addition 共轭加成[ˈkɔndʒəˌgeɪt] Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚Sulfurize 使硫化[]sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氢化[ˈhaidrəuˌbɔ:ˈreiʃən] Oxyamination 羟氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脱羰[di:ˌkɑ:bənəˈleiʃən] Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Ring closure 环合，闭环Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene synthesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar addition 偶极加成Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺8Decyanation 脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交换Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation 增环反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation 环氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Aromatization 芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Single electron transfer 单电子转移Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Mitallation 金属化Lithiation 锂化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应] Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Double bond migration 双键移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应] -ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migration 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基[ælˈkiləˌdi:n]Methylene 亚甲基[ˈmeθili:n]Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型[的] [ˈæləˌlik]Phenyl group 苯基[ˈfenəl,ˈfi:nəl,ˈfi:nil]Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型[的]Activating group 活化基团Chromophore 生色团[ˈkrəuməfɔ:] Auxochrome 助色团[ˈɔ:ksəkrəum] Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团[əˌnaisəuˈtrɔpik]Smally ring 小环Common ring 普通环Medium ring 中环[ˈmi:djəm]Large ring 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound 螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭[]Conjugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子[ˈkætaiən] Arenium ion 芳[基]正离子或aryl cation Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子[ˈaiən]Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子[ˈænaiən] Isomerism 异构[现象]Acid form 酸式Fluxional structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性，旋光性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体[]Laevo isomer 左旋异构体[] Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳10Phantom atom 虚拟原子[]Homotopic 等位[的]Heterotopic 异位[的]Enantiotopic 对映[异构体]的Diastereotopic 非对映异构体[的] [ˌdaiəstiəri əˈtɔpik]Configuration 构型[kənˌfiɡjuˈreiʃən] Absolute configuration 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性[的] [英] [ˈtʃirəl][美] [ˈkaɪrəl] Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性[的] [ei'kairəl]Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映[异构]体[]Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体[]Epimer 差向异构体[] Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E异构体Z isomer Z异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Re face Re 面Si face Si 面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物[]Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体[ˈkwɑ:zi(:),ˈkweis ai]Conformation 构象Conformational 构象的Torsion angle 扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation 反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象11Steric effect 空间效应[ˈstiərik,ˈsterik] Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Axial bond 直[立]键[ˈæksi:əl] Equatorial bond 平[伏]键[ˌi:kwəˈtɔ:ri:əl, -ˈtəʊr-, ˌekwə-] Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Prelog’rule普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Conformational transmission 构象传递Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position 邻位Meta position 间位Para position 对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振[ˈrezənəns]Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckel’rule休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Leois structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可[的]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Linear free energy 线性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Torsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Small-angle strain 小角张力Large angle strain 大角张力Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力I strain 内张力F strain 前张力B strain 后张力Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 纯手性[的]Mechanism 机理Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allyl ic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate b ase 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a car bonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleava ge 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavag e 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleav age 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavag e 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Ion pair 离子对Carbocation 碳正离子[ˌkɑ:bəˈkeiʃən] Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子[ˈkɑ:bənaiən]Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾[]Nitrene 氮宾[a] Carbine 碳炔[] Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Diaxial addition 双直键加成Markovnikov’s rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Michael addition 迈克尔加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理[ˈmekənizəm]Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性α-effect α-效应Backside attack 背面进攻Inversion 反转Umbrella effect 伞效应Push-pull effect 推拉效应Leaving group 离去基团Electrofuge 离电体Nucleofuge 离核体14Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assista nce 邻助作用Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Apofacial reaction 反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Aryl action 芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmann’s rule 霍夫曼规则Bredt rule 布雷特规则Initiation 引发Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Partial bond fixation 键[的]部分固定化exothermic发热的，放出热量的[ˌeksəuˈθə:mik]各种反应类型Halogenations reaction卤化反应Hydrogenation reaction氢化反应Alkylation reaction烷基化（烃化）反应Hydrocarbylation 烃基化反应Oxidation and reduction reaction氧化还原反Reductive amination还原胺化反应Cross-coupling reaction交叉耦合反应Cycloaddition reaction环加成反应Rearrangement reaction重排反应Acylation reaction酰化反应Acetylization reaction乙酰化反应Amide reaction酰胺反应Sulfonylation磺酰化反应Nitration reaction硝化反应Esterification酯化反应Anhydride reaction酸酐反应Oximation reaction肟化反应Coupled（或coupling）reaction偶联反应1,3-dipolar cycloaddition 1,3-偶极环加成Pericyclic reaction周环反应Hydrolysis reaction 水解反应Ester hydrolysis 酯水解反应Hydrolytic-polymeric reaction水解聚合反应Dehydrogenation reaction脱氢反应Dehydrohalogenation reaction 脱卤化氢反应Dehydration reaction脱水反应Decarboxylation reaction脱羧反应Addition reaction加成反应Substitution reaction取代反应Cracking reaction 裂化反应Elimination reaction消除反应And metal response reaction与活泼金属反应Phase transfer catalytic reaction相转移催化反应Acid-base catalyzed reaction酸碱催化反应Polymerization reaction聚合反应Polycondensation reaction缩聚反应Condensation reaction 缩合反应Silver mirror reaction银镜反应Nucleophilic reaction亲核反应Electrophilic reaction亲电反应Nucleophilic cycloaddition reaction亲核环加成反应Nucleophilic substitution亲核取代反应Electrophilic substitution亲电取代反应Unimolecular electrophilic substitution单分子亲电取代反应Bimolecular electrophilic substitution双分子亲电取代反应Unimolecular elimination reaction单分子消除反应Bimolecular elimination reaction双分子消除反应Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution双分子亲核取代反应Internal nucleophilic substitution分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction芳香亲核取代反应活化剂的中英文名称Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate （癸二酸二仲辛酯；癸二酸二2-乙基己酯）Zinc stearate （硬脂酸锌）Suberic acid （辛二酸）Adipic acid, （己二酸）Hexanedioic acid, （己二酸）Sebacic acid, dibutyl ester （癸二酸二丁酯）Abietic acid （松香酸）Lactic acid （乳酸）Poly(ethylene glycol) （聚乙二醇）Glycerol stearate （硬脂酸甘油酯）Imidazoline （咪唑啉，间二氮杂环戊烯）β-Pinene （β-蒎烯，β-松油二环烯）Adipic acid （脂肪酸）Butyl acetate （乙酸丁酯）Ethylene glycol butyl ether （乙二醇丁醚）Sebacic acid, （癸二酸）Decanedioic acid, （癸二酸）Ethylene glycol ethyl ether （乙二醇乙醚）2-Butenedioic acid (E)-, （2-丁烯二酸）Succinic acid, （琥珀酸，丁二酸）Ethylene glycol methyl ether （乙二醇甲醚）Acetyl acetate （乙酸乙酰脂）1H-Benzotriazole （1-H-笨并三唑）α-Pinene （α-蒎烯,α-松香二环烯）Salicylic acid (水杨酸)Iso-Propanol (异丙醇) Ethanol (乙醇)Lysine (赖氨酸)Glutamic acid (谷氨酸,2-氨基戊二酸) Glyceroyl, （甘油酰）N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-ethylene-diamine（N，N，N，N-四（2-羟基丙基）乙烯二氨）Isoleucine, （异亮氨酸）Decamethylenedicarboxylic acid, disalicyloylhy drazide （Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)isocyanurate（3（2，3-2溴丙基）异氰尿酸盐）3-(N-Salicyloyl)amino-1,2,4-triazole （3-（N-水杨酰）氨-1，2，4-三唑）Isocyanuric acid （异氰尿酸）Salicylamide （水杨酰胺）Polyethylene glycol （聚乙二醇）Diethylene glycol diethyl ether （二甘醇二乙醚，（一缩）二乙二醇二乙醚）Butyl carbitol （丁基卡必醇）Ethyl carbitol （乙基卡必醇）Methyl carbitol （甲基卡必醇）Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether （乙二醇单丁醚）Glutaric acid （戊二酸，谷酸）Succinic acid （琥珀酸，丁二酸）Citric acid （柠檬酸）Salicylic acid （水杨酸）Lactic acid （2-羟基丙酸，乳酸）Glycerin monostearate （甘油一硬脂酸）Pentaerythritol （季戊四醇）tetrakis[β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)pr opionate] 四[β-（3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苯基）丙酸酯Dioctyl sebacate （癸二酸二辛酯）N-Methyl pyrrolidone, （N-甲基吡咯烷酮）Diethylene glycol ethyl ether （二甘醇乙醚）Propylene glycol （丙二醇）Octanedioic acid （辛二酸）Oleamide （油酸酰胺）[olamine 乙醇胺]2-Mercapto benzothiazole （2-巯基-苯并噻唑）Nonanedioic acid, （壬二酸）cis-9-Octadecenoic acid, （顺式-9-十八炭烯酸，油酸）Sebacic acid, uses （癸二酸）12-Hydroxy stearic acid （十二羟基硬脂酸）Phthalic acid （苯二甲酸）1,1,3-Tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylpheny l)butane（1，1，3-三（2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基）丁烷）1,3,5-Trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hyd roxybenzyl)benzene（1，3，5-三甲基-2，4，6-三（3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）苯）1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, （1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮）Carbonic acid, （碳酸）Phthalic acid, （苯二甲酸）Malic acid （苹果酸,羟基丁二酸）2,3-Dibromo-2-butene-1,4-diol （2，3-二溴-2-丙烯-1，4-二醇）Cetylpyridinium bromide （溴代十六烷基吡啶）Pentanedioic acid （戊二酸） pentanediol (戊二醇)pentanoic acid ( 戊酸) pentanol (戊醇) Butanedioic acid, （丁二酸）1,2-Dibromoethylbenzene （1，2-二溴乙基苯）Salicylic acid, （水杨酸）Stearic acid （硬脂酸）Pentanedioic acid （戊二酸）Maleic acid, （马来酸，失水苹果酸）Phthalic acid, （苯二甲酸）Tartaric acid, （酒石酸）Acetic acid, （乙酸）Polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether （聚氧乙烯辛基酚醚，聚氧化亚乙基辛基分醚）Ethanedioic acid, （乙二酸）Polyethylene glycol （聚乙二醇）Diethylene glycol butyl ether （二甘醇丁醚）Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether （二甘醇单乙醚）Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether （乙二醇单丁醚）Pentaerythritol, （季戊四醇）Diglycol, （二甘醇，一缩二乙二醇）Hexylene glycol （己二醇）Ethylene glycol, （乙二醇）Glycerol, （甘油,丙三醇）Cyclobutanediamine （环丁烷二胺）Dibromobutenediol （二溴丁二醇）Cyclohexanediamine （环己烷二胺）Succinamide （琥珀酰胺，丁二酸胺）Ethylenediamine, （乙二胺）Triethanolamine, （三乙醇胺）5-Aminoisophthalic acid （5-氨基间苯二甲酸）p-tert-Butylbenzoic acid （对叔丁基苯甲酸）Propionic acid, （丙酸）Benzoic acid, （安息香酸, 苯(甲)酸）Salicylamide （水杨酰胺）Aniline, （苯胺）Palmitic acid, （棕榈酸, 十六酸, 软脂酸）Glutamic acid, （谷氨酸） Glutaric acid (谷酸，戊二酸)Glycine, （甘氨酸，氨基乙酸）Malic acid （苹果酸,羟基丁二酸）Adipic acid, （己二酸）Diethanolamine （二乙醇胺）Triethylamine, （三乙胺）Malic acid （苹果酸）Oxalic acid, （草酸）Oleic acid, （油酸）Glutaric acid (谷氨酸)Sorbic acid （山梨酸） sorbic alcohol (山梨醇)=sorbit Reactant 反应物nProduct 产物nCatalyst 催化剂catalytic agent，catalyzer Degree Celsius摄氏度Sodium Borohydride硼氢化钠Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LAH)氢化铝锂Lithiumtrit-ButoxyaluminohydrideLiAlH(O t-C4H9)3叔丁氧基氢化铝锂Diisobutylaluminum Hydride AlH[CH2CH(CH3)2]2二异丙基氢化铝Diborane B2H6硼烷Reactive Metals 活泼金属如 Na, or Li, or K ，Mg or Al or Zn or FePotassium carbonate碳酸钾Sodium carbonate 碳酸钠Sodium bicarbonate 碳酸氢钠[]Sodium chloride氯化钠Sodium acetate 乙酸钠Sodium cyanide[ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd]氰化钠Sodium methoxide或Sodium methylate甲醇钠，甲氧基钠Sodium ethoxide[ˈsəʊdi:əm i:ˈθɔksaid]或Sodium ethylate[ˈsəʊdi:əm ˈeθileit]乙醇钠Sodium sulfate 硫酸钠Magnesium sulfate [mægˈni:zi:əm ]硫酸镁Acetic acid乙酸Formic acid甲酸Ammonium format甲酸铵Formamide[fɔ:ˈmæmid]或formyl amide 甲酰胺formaldehyde 甲醛[f ɔ:ˈmældəˌha ɪd]Methyl iodide碘甲烷Potassium iodide碘化钾[]Potassium chloride氯化钾Potassium cyanide[ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd]氰化钾Dimethyl sulfate硫酸二甲酯Palladium –carbon 钯碳Pd/C [pəˈleidiəm] Palladium chloride氯化钯Palladium diacetate醋酸钯Chloroacetone 氯丙酮Tetrabutyl ammonium bromide四丁基溴化铵Tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride四丁基氟化铵容器类：量杯measuring cup烧杯beaker 不锈钢杯stainless-steel beaker量筒measuring flask/measuring cylinder 量筒graduated flask/measuring cylinder坩埚crucible 坩埚钳crucible clamp 坩埚crucible pot, melting pot试管test tube 试管架test tube holder漏斗funnel 分液漏斗separatory funnel烧瓶flask 锥形瓶conical flask塞子stopper洗瓶plastic wash bottle滴定管burette玻璃活塞stopcock冷凝器condenser试剂瓶reagent bottles玻棒glass rod 搅拌棒stirring rod蒸馏烧瓶distilling flask碘量瓶iodine flask表面皿watch glass蒸发皿evaporating dish容量瓶volumetric flask/measuring flask移液管(one-mark) pipette刻度移液管graduated pipettes20称量瓶weighing bottle吸液管pipette滤管filter天平balance/scale分析天平analytical balance台秤platform balance游码crossbeams and sliding weights酒精灯alcohol burner酒精喷灯blast alcohol burner搅拌装置stirring device洗耳球rubber suction bulb研磨钵mortar 研磨棒pestle 玛瑙研钵agate mortar瓷器porcelain白细口瓶flint glass solution bottle with stopper 滴瓶dropping bottle 小滴管dropper蒸馏装置distilling apparatus蒸发器evaporator试验用器材：升降台lab jack铁架台iron support万能夹extension clamp蝴蝶夹double-buret clamp双顶丝clamp regular holder止水夹flatjaw pinchcock圆形漏斗架cast-iron ring移液管架pipet rack试管架tube rack沸石boiling stone橡胶管rubber tubing药匙lab spoon镊子forceps坩埚钳crucible tong剪刀scissor 打孔器stopper borer石棉网asbestos-free wire gauze电炉丝wire coil for heater脱脂棉absorbent cottonphph试纸universal ph indicator paper滤纸filter paper称量纸weighing paper擦镜纸wiper for lens秒表stopwatch量杯glass graduates with scale白滴定管（酸）flint glass burette with glass stopcock棕色滴定管（酸）brown glass burette with glass stopcock白滴定管（碱）flint glass burette for alkali棕色滴定管（碱）brown glass burette for alkali 比重瓶specific gravity bottle水银温度计mercury-filled thermometerph计ph meter折光仪refractometer真空泵vacuum pump冷、热浴bath离心机centrifuge口罩respirator防毒面具respirator、gasmask磁力搅拌器magnetic stirrer电动搅拌器power basic stirrer烘箱oven闪点仪flash point tester马弗炉furnace电炉heater微波炉电热套heating mantleBunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物apparatus 设备。
化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀
-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2 chloro- 氯代chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1 二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的，次-ic 酸的，高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替胺，酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106 meta- 间，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6 milli- 10-3 mono- ( mon-) 一，单nano- 10-9 nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位，仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12 poly- 聚，多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式，同，共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单，一unsym- 不对称的，偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上) -yne 炔Bunsen burner 本生灯product反应产物flask烧瓶apparatus设备PH indicator PH值指示剂，氢离子（浓度的）负指数指示剂卵形瓶matrass石蕊litmus石蕊试纸litmus paper 量筒，量杯graduate, graduated flask试剂reagent试管test tube 滴定管burette曲颈甑retort蒸馏釜still烤钵cupel坩埚crucible pot, melting pot吸液管pipette 滤管filter搅拌棒stirring rod丙酮：acetone异丙醇：isopropyl alcohol 叔戊醇：amylene alcohol 杂质：impurity水分：water content moisture content ;water content ;watercontent硅烷：silicane 苯甲腈：cyanobenzene丙烷基, 丙基propyl氰基胍, 二聚氨基氰dicyandiamide物理化学英语词汇BET公式BET formula DLVO理论DLVO theory HLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance method pVT性质pVT property ζ电势zeta potential 阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro’number 阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro law 阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory 阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation 阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrhenius activation energy 阿马格定律Amagat law 艾林方程Erying equation 爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence 爱因斯坦－斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokes equation 安托万常数Antoine constant 安托万方程Antoine equation 盎萨格电导Onsager’s theory of conductance 半电池half cell 半衰期half time period 饱和液体saturated liquids 饱和蒸气saturated vapor 饱和吸附量saturated extent of adsorption 饱和蒸气压saturated vapor pressure 爆炸界限explosion limits 比表面功specific surface work 比表面吉布斯函数specific surface Gibbs function 比浓粘度reduced viscosity 标准电动势standard electromotive force标准电极电势standard electrode potential 标准摩尔反应焓standard molar reaction enthalpy 标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standard Gibbs function of molar reaction 标准摩尔反应熵standard molar reaction entropy 标准摩尔焓函数standard molar enthalpy function标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standard molar Gibbs free energy function 标准摩尔燃烧焓standard molar combustion enthalpy 标准摩尔熵standard molar entropy 标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation enthalpy 标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standard molar formation Gibbs function 标准平衡常数standard equilibrium constant 标准氢电极standard hydrogen electrode 标准态standard state 标准熵standard entropy 标准压力standard pressure 标准状况standard condition 表观活化能apparent activation energy表观摩尔质量apparent molecular weight 表观迁移数apparent transference number 表面surfaces 表面过程控制surface process control 表面活性剂surfactants 表面吸附量surface excess表面质量作用定律surface mass action law 波义尔定律Boyle law 波义尔温度Boyle temperature 波义尔点Boyle point 玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmann constant 玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann distribution 玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmann formula 玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmann entropy theorem 玻色－爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics 泊Poise 不可逆过程irreversible process 不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes 不可逆相变化irreversible phase change 布朗运动brownian movement 查理定律Charle’s law 产率yield 敞开系统open system 超电势over potential 沉降sedimentation 沉降电势sedimentation potential 沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium 触变thixotropy 粗分散系统thick disperse system 催化剂catalyst 单分子层吸附理论mono molecule layer adsorption 单分子反应unimolecular reaction 单链反应straight chain reactions 弹式量热计bomb calorimeter 道尔顿定律Dalton law 道尔顿分压定律Dalton partial pressure law德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect 德拜立方公式Debye cubic formula 德拜－休克尔极限公式Debye-Huckel’s limiting equation 等焓过程isenthalpic process 等焓线isenthalpic line 等几率定理theorem of equal probability 等温等容位Helmholtz free energy 等温等压位Gibbs free energy 等温方程equation at constant temperature 低共熔点eutectic point 低共熔混合物eutectic mixture 低会溶点lower consolute point 低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric 第二类永动机perpetual machine of the second kind 第三定律熵third-law entropy 第一类永动机perpetual machine of the first kind 缔合化学吸附association chemical adsorption 电池常数cell constant 电池电动势electromotive force of cells 电池反应cell reaction 电导conductance 电导率conductivity 电动势的温度系数temperature coefficient of electromotive force 电动电势zeta potential 电功electric work 电化学electrochemistry 电化学极化electrochemical polarization 电极电势electrode potential 电极反应reactions on the electrode 电极种类type of electrodes 电解池electrolytic cell 电量计coulometer 电流效率current efficiency 电迁移electro migration 电迁移率electromobility 电渗electroosmosis 电渗析electrodialysis电泳electrophoresis丁达尔效应Dyndall effect 定容摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constantvolume 定容温度计Constant voIume thermometer 定压摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant pressure 定压温度计constant pressure thermometer 定域子系统localized particle system 动力学方程kinetic equations 动力学控制kinetics control 独立子系统independent particle system 对比摩尔体积reduced mole volume 对比体积reduced volume 对比温度reduced temperature 对比压力reduced pressure 对称数symmetry number对行反应reversible reactions 对应状态原理principle of corresponding state 多方过程polytropic process 多分子层吸附理论adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers 二级反应second order reaction二级相变second order phase change法拉第常数faraday constant 法拉第定律Faraday’s law 反电动势back E.M.F. 反渗透reverse osmosis 反应分子数molecularity 反应级数reaction orders 反应进度extent of reaction 反应热heat of reaction 反应速率rate of reaction 反应速率常数constant of reaction rate 范德华常数van der Waals constant 范德华方程van der Waals equation 范德华力van der Waals force 范德华气体van der Waals gases 范特霍夫方程van’t Hoff equation 范特霍夫规则van’t Hoff rule 范特霍夫渗透压公式van’t Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 非基元反应non-elementary reactions 非体积功non-volume work 非依时计量学反应time independent stoichiometric reactions 菲克扩散第一定律Fick’s first law of diffusion 沸点boiling point 沸点升高elevation of boiling point 费米－狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics 分布distribution 分布数distribution numbers 分解电压decomposition voltage 分配定律distribution law 分散系统disperse system 分散相dispersion phase 分体积partial volume 分体积定律partial volume law 分压partial pressure 分压定律partial pressure law 分子反应力学mechanics of molecular reactions 分子间力intermolecular force 分子蒸馏molecular distillation 封闭系统closed system 附加压力excess pressure 弗罗因德利希吸附经验式Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption 负极negative pole 负吸附negative adsorption 复合反应composite reaction 盖·吕萨克定律Gay-Lussac law 盖斯定律Hess law 甘汞电极calomel electrode 感胶离子序lyotropic series 杠杆规则lever rule 高分子溶液macromolecular solution 高会溶点upper consolute point 隔离法the isolation method 格罗塞斯－德雷珀定律Grotthus-Draoer’s law 隔离系统isolated system 根均方速率root-mean-square speed 功work 功函work content 共轭溶液conjugate solution 共沸温度azeotropic temperature 构型熵configurational entropy 孤立系统isolated system 固溶胶solid sol 固态混合物solid solution 固相线solid phase line 光反应photoreaction 光化学第二定律the second law of actinochemistry 光化学第一定律the first law of actinochemistry 光敏反应photosensitized reactions 光谱熵spectrum entropy 广度性质extensive property 广延量extensive quantity 广延性质extensive property 规定熵stipulated entropy 过饱和溶液oversaturated solution 过饱和蒸气oversaturated vapor 过程process 过渡状态理论transition state theory 过冷水super-cooled water 过冷液体overcooled liquid 过热液体overheated liquid 亥姆霍兹函数Helmholtz function 亥姆霍兹函数判据Helmholtz function criterion 亥姆霍兹自由能Helmholtz free energy 亥氏函数Helmholtz function 焓enthalpy 亨利常数Henry constant 亨利定律Henry law恒沸混合物constant boiling mixture 恒容摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant volume 恒容热heat at constant volume 恒外压constant external pressure 恒压摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant pressure 恒压热heat at constant pressure 化学动力学chemical kinetics 化学反应计量式stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction 化学反应计量系数stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction 化学反应进度extent of chemical reaction 化学亲合势chemical affinity 化学热力学chemical thermodynamics 化学势chemical potential 化学势判据chemical potential criterion 化学吸附chemisorptions 环境environment 环境熵变entropy change in environment 挥发度volatility 混合熵entropy of mixing 混合物mixture 活度activity 活化控制activation control 活化络合物理论activated complex theory 活化能activation energy 霍根-华森图Hougen-Watson Chart 基态能级energy level at ground state 基希霍夫公式Kirchhoff formula 基元反应elementary reactions 积分溶解热integration heat of dissolution 吉布斯－杜亥姆方程Gibbs-Duhem equation 吉布斯－亥姆霍兹方程Gibbs-Helmhotz equation 吉布斯函数Gibbs function 吉布斯函数判据Gibbs function criterion 吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula 吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy 吉氏函数Gibbs function 极化电极电势polarization potential of electrode 极化曲线polarization curves 极化作用polarization 极限摩尔电导率limiting molar conductivity 几率因子steric factor 计量式stoichiometric equation 计量系数stoichiometric coefficient 价数规则rule of valence 简并度degeneracy 键焓bond enthalpy 胶冻broth jelly 胶核colloidal nucleus 胶凝作用demulsification 胶束micelle 胶体colloid 胶体分散系统dispersion system of colloid 胶体化学collochemistry 胶体粒子colloidal particles 胶团micelle 焦耳Joule 焦耳-汤姆生实验Joule-Thomson experiment 焦耳-汤姆生系数Joule-Thomson coefficient 焦耳-汤姆生效应Joule-Thomson effect 焦耳定律Joule`s law 接触电势contact potential 接触角contact angle 节流过程throttling process 节流膨胀throttling expansion 节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion 结线tie line 结晶热heat of crystallization 解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption 界面interfaces 界面张力surface tension 浸湿immersion wetting 浸湿功immersion wetting work 精馏rectify 聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte 聚沉coagulation 聚沉值coagulation value 绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory 绝对熵absolute entropy 绝对温标absolute temperature scale 绝热过程adiabatic process 绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter 绝热指数adiabatic index 卡诺定理Carnot theorem 卡诺循环Carnot cycle 开尔文公式Kelvin formula 柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law 科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions 可能的电解质potential electrolyte 可逆电池reversible cell 可逆过程reversible process 可逆过程方程reversible process equation 可逆体积功reversible volume work 可逆相变reversible phase change 克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation 克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality 克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation 控制步骤control step 库仑计coulometer 扩散控制diffusion controlled 拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation 拉乌尔定律Raoult law 兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism 兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula 雷利公式Rayleigh equation 冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration 冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation 离解压力dissociation pressure 离域子系统non-localized particle systems 离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion 离子的电迁移率mobility of ions 离子的迁移数transport number of ions 离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions 离子氛ionic atmosphere 离子强度ionic strength 理想混合物perfect mixture 理想气体ideal gas 接触电势contact potential 接触角contact angle 节流过程throttling process 节流膨胀throttling expansion 节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion 结线tie line 结晶热heat of crystallization 解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption 界面interfaces 界面张力surface tension 浸湿immersion wetting 浸湿功immersion wetting work 精馏rectify 聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte 聚沉coagulation 聚沉值coagulation value 绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory 绝对熵absolute entropy 绝对温标absolute temperature scale 绝热过程adiabatic process 绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter 绝热指数adiabatic index 卡诺定理Carnot theorem 卡诺循环Carnot cycle 开尔文公式Kelvin formula 柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law 科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions 可能的电解质potential electroly可逆电池reversible cell 可逆过程reversible process 可逆过程方程reversible process equation 可逆体积功reversible volume work 可逆相变reversible phase change 克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation 克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality 克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation 控制步骤control step 库仑计coulometer 扩散控制diffusion controlled 拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation 拉乌尔定律Raoult law 兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism 兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula 雷利公式Rayleigh equation 冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration 冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation 离解压力dissociation pressure 离域子系统non-localized particle systems 离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion 离子的电迁移率mobility of ions 离子的迁移数transport number of ions 离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere 离子强度ionic strength 理想混合物perfect mixture 理想气体ideal gas 理想气体的绝热指数adiabatic index of ideal gases 理想气体的微观模型micro-model of ideal gas 理想气体反应的等温方程isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions 理想气体绝热可逆过程方程adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases 理想气体状态方程state equation of ideal gas 理想稀溶液ideal dilute solution 理想液态混合物perfect liquid mixture 粒子particles 粒子的配分函数partition function of particles连串反应consecutive reactions 链的传递物chain carrier 链反应chain reactions 量热熵calorimetric entropy 量子统计quantum statistics 量子效率quantum yield 临界参数critical parameter 临界常数critical constant 临界点critical point 临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration 临界摩尔体积critical molar volume 临界温度critical temperature 临界压力critical pressure 临界状态critical state 零级反应zero order reaction 流动电势streaming potential 流动功flow work 笼罩效应cage effect 路易斯－兰德尔逸度规则Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity 露点dew point 露点线dew point line 麦克斯韦关系式Maxwell relations 麦克斯韦速率分布Maxwell distribution of speeds 麦克斯韦能量分布MaxwelIdistribution of energy 毛细管凝结condensation in capillary 毛细现象capillary phenomena 米凯利斯常数Michaelis constant 摩尔电导率molar conductivity 摩尔反应焓molar reaction enthalpy 摩尔混合熵mole entropy of mixing 摩尔气体常数molar gas constant 摩尔热容molar heat capacity 摩尔溶解焓mole dissolution enthalpy 摩尔稀释焓mole dilution enthalpy 内扩散控制internal diffusions control 内能internal energy 内压力internal pressure 能级energy levels 能级分布energy level distribution 能量均分原理principle of the equipartition of energy 能斯特方程Nernst equation 能斯特热定理Nernst heat theorem 凝固点freezing point 凝固点降低lowering of freezing point凝固点曲线freezing point curve 凝胶gelatin 凝聚态condensed state 凝聚相condensed phase 浓差超电势concentration over-potential 浓差极化concentration polarization 浓差电池concentration cells 帕斯卡pascal 泡点bubble point 泡点线bubble point line 配分函数partition function 配分函数的析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state 碰撞截面collision cross section 碰撞数the number of collisions 偏摩尔量partial mole quantities 平衡常数（理想气体反应）equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases 平动配分函数partition function of translation 平衡分布equilibrium distribution平衡态equilibrium state 平衡态近似法equilibrium state approximation 平衡状态图equilibrium state diagram 平均活度mean activity 平均活度系统mean activity coefficient 平均摩尔热容mean molar heat capacity 平均质量摩尔浓度mean mass molarity 平均自由程mean free path 平行反应parallel reactions 破乳demulsification 铺展spreading 普遍化范德华方程universal van der Waals equation其它功the other work 气化热heat of vaporization 气溶胶aerosol 气体常数gas constant 气体分子运动论kinetic theory of gases 气体分子运动论的基本方程foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases 气溶胶aerosol 气相线vapor line 迁移数transport number 潜热latent heat 强度量intensive quantity 强度性质intensive property亲液溶胶hydrophilic sol 氢电极hydrogen electrodes 区域熔化zone melting 热heat 热爆炸heat explosion 热泵heat pump 热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat 热函heat content 热化学thermochemistry 热化学方程thermochemical equation 热机heat engine 热机效率efficiency of heat engine 热力学thermodynamics 热力学第二定律the second law of thermodynamics 热力学第三定律the third law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律the first law of thermodynamics 热力学基本方程fundamental equation of thermodynamics 热力学几率thermodynamic probability 热力学能thermodynamic energy 热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function 热力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature 热力学温度thermodynamic temperature 热熵thermal entropy 热效应heat effect 熔点曲线melting point curve 熔化热heat of fusion 溶胶colloidal sol 溶解焓dissolution enthalpy 溶液solution 溶胀swelling 乳化剂emulsifier 乳状液emulsion 润湿wetting 润湿角wetting angle 萨克尔－泰特洛德方程Sackur-Tetrode equation 三相点triple point 三相平衡线triple-phase line 熵entropy 熵判据entropy criterion 熵增原理principle of entropy increase 渗透压osmotic pressure渗析法dialytic process 生成反应formation reaction 升华热heat of sublimation 实际气体real gas 舒尔采－哈迪规则Schulze-Hardy rule 松驰力relaxation force 松驰时间time of relaxation 速度常数reaction rate constant 速率方程rate equations 速率控制步骤rate determining step 塔费尔公式Tafel equation 态－态反应state-state reactions唐南平衡Donnan equilibrium 淌度mobility 特鲁顿规则Trouton rule 特性粘度intrinsic viscosity 体积功volume work 统计权重statistical weight 统计热力学statistic thermodynamics 统计熵statistic entropy 途径path 途径函数path function 外扩散控制external diffusion control 完美晶体perfect crystalline 完全气体perfect gas 微观状态microstate 微态microstate 韦斯顿标准电池Weston standard battery 维恩效应Wien effect 维里方程virial equation 维里系数virial coefficient 稳流过程steady flow process 稳态近似法stationary state approximation 无热溶液athermal solution 无限稀溶液solutions in the limit of extreme dilution 物理化学Physical Chemistry 物理吸附physisorptions 吸附adsorption 吸附等量线adsorption isostere 吸附等温线adsorption isotherm 吸附等压线adsorption isobar 吸附剂adsorbent 吸附量extent of adsorption 吸附热heat of adsorption 吸附质adsorbate 析出电势evolution or deposition potential 析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state 稀溶液的依数性colligative properties of dilute solutions稀释焓dilution enthalpy 系统system 系统点system point 系统的环境environment of system 相phase 相变phase change 相变焓enthalpy of phase change 相变化phase change 相变热heat of phase change 相点phase point 相对挥发度relative volatility 相对粘度relative viscosity 相律phase rule 相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium 相图phase diagram 相倚子系统system of dependent particles 悬浮液suspension 循环过程cyclic process 压力商pressure quotient 压缩因子compressibility factor 压缩因子图diagram of compressibility factor 亚稳状态metastable state 盐桥salt bridge 盐析salting out 阳极anode 杨氏方程Young’s equation 液体接界电势liquid junction potential 液相线liquid phase lines 一级反应first order reaction 一级相变first order phase change 依时计量学反应time dependent stoichiometric reactions 逸度fugacity 逸度系数coefficient of fugacity 阴极cathode 荧光fluorescence 永动机perpetual motion machine 永久气体Permanent gas 有效能available energy 原电池primary cell 原盐效应salt effect 增比粘度specific viscosity 憎液溶胶lyophobic sol沾湿adhesional wetting 沾湿功the work of adhesional wetting 真溶液true solution真实电解质real electrolyte 真实气体real gas 真实迁移数true transference number振动配分函数partition function of vibration 振动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration 蒸气压下降depression of vapor pressure 正常沸点normal point正吸附positive adsorption 支链反应branched chain reactions 直链反应straight chain reactions 指前因子pre-exponential factor 质量作用定律mass action law制冷系数coefficient of refrigeration 中和热heat of neutralization 轴功shaft work转动配分函数partition function of rotation 转动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration 转化率convert ratio 转化温度conversion temperature 状态state 状态方程state equation 状态分布state distribution 状态函数state function 准静态过程quasi-static process 准一级反应pseudo first order reaction 自动催化作用auto-catalysis自由度degree of freedom 自由度数number of degree of freedom 自由焓free enthalpy 自由能free energy 自由膨胀free expansion 组分数component number 最低恒沸点lower azeotropic point 最高恒沸点upper azeotropic point 最佳反应温度optimal reaction temperature 最可几分布most probable distribution 最可几速率most基础化学常用英语词汇1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of V olume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalysts i. 体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. TheCommon-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. V oltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s（p，d，f）轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon,Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation偏差187. precision精密度188. relative standard deviation相对标准偏差（RSD）189. coefficient variation变异系数（CV）190. confidence level置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test显著性检验193. significant figure有效数字194. standard solution标准溶液195. titration滴定196. stoichiometric point化学计量点197. end point滴定终点198. titration error滴定误差199. primary standard基准物质200. amount of substance物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction化学反应203. concentration浓度204. chemical equilibrium化学平衡205. titer滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction 化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid乙酸212. hydronium ion水合氢离子213. electrolyte电解质214. ion-product constant of water水的离子积215. ionization电离216. proton condition质子平衡217. zero level零水准218. buffer solution 缓冲溶液219. methyl orange甲基橙220. acid-base indicator酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein酚酞222. coordination compound配位化合物223. center ion中心离子224. cumulative stability constant累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient酸效应系数226. overall stability constant总稳定常数227. ligand配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraaceticacid乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient副反应系数230. coordination atom配位原子231. coordination number配位数232. lone pair electron孤对电子233. chelate compound螯合物234. metal indicator金属指示剂235. chelating agent螯合剂236. masking掩蔽237. demasking解蔽238. electron电子239. catalysis催化240. oxidation 氧化241. catalyst催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction催化反应244. reaction rate反应速率245. electrode potential电极电势246. activation energy反应的活化能247. redox couple氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry 碘量法250. potassium dichromate重铬酸钾251. cerimetry铈量法252. redox indicator氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming耗氧量（OC）254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD)255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging陈化260. postprecipitation继沉淀261. coprecipitation共沉淀262. ignition灼烧263. fitration过滤264. decantation倾泻法265. chemical factor化学因数266. spectrophotometry分光光度法267. colorimetry比色分析268. transmittance透光率269. absorptivity吸光率270. calibration curve校正曲线271. standard curve标准曲线272. monochromator单色器273. source光源274. wavelength dispersion色散275. absorption cell 吸收池276. detector检测系统277. bathochromic shift红移278. Molar absorptivity摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic。
有机化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀(生物医药类常用)
有机化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀1有机化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀A .................................................................. 1B .................................................................. 1C .................................................................. 1D .................................................................. 2E .................................................................. 2F .................................................................. 2G .................................................................. 2H .................................................................. 2I ................................................................... 2 K .................................................................. 2 L ................................................................... 2 M ................................................................. 2 N .................................................................. 2 O .................................................................. 2 P .................................................................. 2 Q .................................................................. 3 S .................................................................. 3 T .................................................................. 3 U .................................................................. 3 Y .................................................................. 3 methane 甲烷 ethane 乙烷 propane 丙烷 butane 丁烷 pentane 戊烷 hexane 己烷 heptane 庚烷 octane 辛烷 nonane 壬烷 decane 癸烷ortho- o-；邻 meta- m-；间 para p-；对iso- 异，等，同 di- 二 bis-双，二tri- 三 tetra- 四A -acetal 醛缩醇 acetal- 乙酰 acid 酸 -al 醛 alcohol 醇 -aldehyde 醛 alkali- 碱allyl 烯丙基 [propenyl(丙烯基)] alkoxy- 烷氧基 -amide 酰胺 amino- 氨基的 -amidine 脒 -amine 胺 -ane烷 anhydride 酐 anilino- 苯胺基 aquo- 含水的 -ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯 -atriyne 三炔 azo- 偶氮Bbenzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐 bis- 双 -borane 硼烷 bromo- 溴 butyl 丁基C-carbinol 甲醇 carbonyl 羰基 -carboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 百分之一；一百 chloro- 氯代 cis-顺式condensed缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环Ddeca- 十deci 十分之一-dine 啶dodeca- 十二E-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基Ffluoro- 氟代form 仿G-glycol 二醇Hhemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的，次hyper- 高级的，高I-ic 酸的，高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替胺，酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodine 碘iodo- 碘代iso- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐Kketo- 酮ketone 酮L-lactone 内酯Mmega- 百万倍；巨大meta- 间，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 百万分之一；微小的milli- 千分之一；毫mono- (mon-) 一，单Nnano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九Oocta- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰Ppara- 对位，仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高，过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚，多2Qquadri- 四quinque- 五Ssemi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式，同，共Tter- 三，三次，三倍tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨thio- 硫代trideca- 十三tris- 三个Uundeca- 十一uni- 单，一unsym- 不对称的，偏位Y-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上)-yne 炔3。
（整理）化学英语证书考试PEC-有机化学词汇前后缀.
（整理）化学英语证书考试PEC-有机化学词汇前后缀.化学英语证书考试（PEC）-有机化学词汇前后缀- elimination -消除- elimination -消除- elimination -消除1,4-addition 1，4-加成Absolute configuration 绝对构型Abstraction 夺取[反应]acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 烯丙基[propenyl(丙烯基)]alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮Acetal 缩醛Acetylide 炔化物Achiral 非手性[的]Aci form 酸式Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Activating group 活化基团Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物Acyl azide 酰叠氮Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl cyanide 酰腈Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl halide 酰卤Acyl iodide 酰碘Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Acyl rtomide 酰溴Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Acylation 酰化Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Acyloin 偶姻Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解acyloxyation 酰氧基化Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理Additive dimerization 加成二聚Aglycon 苷元Alcohol 醇Alcoholysis 醇解Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Aldehyde 醛Aldimine 醛肟Aldimine 醛亚胺Alditol 糖醇Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Aldol 羟醛Aldose 醛糖aldoxime 硝酮Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Alkane 烷Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷Alkylation 烷基化Alkylidene group 亚烷基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Allene 丙二烯Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic 烯丙型[的]Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Ambident 两可[的]Amide 酰胺Amidine 脒Aminal 缩醛胺Amination 氨基化Amine oxide 氧化胺Amine 胺Amino acid 氨基酸Aminomercuration 氨汞化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Amphi position 远位Angular methyl group 角甲基Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Annulation,annelation 增环反应Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Anti conformation 反式构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Apofacial reaction 反面反应Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatization 芳构化Aryl action 芳正离子Aryl group 芳基Arylation 芳基化Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Atropismer 阻转异构体Autoxidation 自氧化Auxochrome 助色团Axial bond 直[立]键Azine 嗪B strain 后张力Backside attack 背面进攻Banana bond 香蕉键Basic solvent 碱性溶剂benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子Benzylic 苄型[的]Benzyne 苯炔Betaine 甜菜碱Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Bisamination 双氨基化Bisecting conformation 等分构象Boat conformation 船型构象boiling point 沸点bond angle 键角bond energy键能bond length 键长Borderline mechanism 边理机理Bredt rule 布雷特规则Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Bridged-ring system 桥环体系C- alkylation C-烷基化Cage compound 螺烷Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbanion 碳负离子Carbene 卡宾Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbine 碳炔-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-carboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Carbocation 碳正离子carbocyclic compound碳环化合物Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon acid 碳氢酸Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳carbonylation 羧基化Carboxylation 羧基化Carboxylic acid 羧酸Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Catenane 轮烷Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Ccumulene 累积多烯Cellosolve 溶纤剂chain compoud 链状化合物Chair conformation 椅型构象Chelation 螯环化chemical bond 化学键Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Chiral 手性[的]Chirality 手性Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Chromophore 生色团Cine substitution 移位取代Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构cis-顺Common ring 普通环compounds of carbon 碳化合物Condensation 缩合Configuration 构型Conformation 构象Conformational effect 构象效应Conformational inversion 构象反转Conformational transmission 构象传递Conformational 构象分析conformation构象Conformer 构象异构体Conjugate addition 共轭加成Conjugate base 共轭碱Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugated-system 共轭体系Conjugation 共轭Conrotatory 顺旋constitutional isomer构造异构constitution构造contiguration构型Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Coupling reaction 偶联反应covalent bond 共价键Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应Crown ether 冠醚Cyanamide 氨腈Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Cyanohydrin 羟腈Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Cyclization 环化Cycloaddition 环加成Cycloalkene 环烷Deactivating group 钝化基团Deamination 脱氨基deca- 十deci 10-1-dine 啶dodeca- 十二Decarbonylation 脱羰Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Decyanation 脱氰基Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Dehalogenation 脱卤Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Delocalezed bond 离域键Demethylation 脱甲基化Deoxygenation 脱氧Deselenization 脱硒Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Desulfurization 脱硫Detone 酮Dextro isomer 右旋异构体Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体Diastereotopic 非对映异位[的]Diaxial addition 双直键加成Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Diazoalkane 重氮烷Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Diazotization 重氮化Dielectric constant 介电常数Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Diene synthesis 双烯合成Diene 双烯Dienophile 亲双烯体Dimerization 二聚Dipolar addition 偶极加成dipole moment偶极矩dipole-dipole interactions 偶极-偶极相互作用Disroatatory 对旋dissociation energy 离解能Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Dithiane 二噻烷Diyne 二炔D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名体系Double bond migration 双键移位E isomer E异构体Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象eclipsed conformation重叠式构象Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Electrical effect 电场效应Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Electrofuge 离电体Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团electronegativity 电负性Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Electrophile 亲电体Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代electrophilic reaction亲电反应electrophilic reagent亲电试剂Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代-elimination -消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Enamine 烯胺Enantiomer 对映[异构]体Enantiotopic 对映异位[的]Endo addition 内型加成Endo isomer 内型异构体Ene synthesis 单烯合成-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基Enol ester 烯醇酯Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol 烯醇Enolization 烯醇化Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Enyne 烯炔Epimer 差向异构体Epoxidation 环氧化Epoxide 环氧化物Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Ester 酯Esterification 酯化Ethanolysis 乙醇解Ether 醚Ethylation 乙基化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Exo addition 外型加成Exo isomer 外型异构体F strain 前张力Field effect 场效应Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂fluoro- 氟代form 仿Fluxional structure 循变结构Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁Formylation 甲酰化Fragmentation 碎裂free redical自由基functional group 官能团Furanose 呋喃糖Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交叉构象Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Glycol 二醇-glycol 二醇Glycoside 糖苷Guest 客体Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Helical molecule 螺旋型分子hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的，次hyper- 高级的，高Hemiacetal 半缩醛heterocyclic compound杂环化合物Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Heterolysis 异裂heterolysis异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Heterotopic 异位[的]Hofmann’s rule 霍夫曼规则Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Homochiral 纯手性[的]Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Homolog 同系物Homologization 同系化Homolysis 均裂homolysis均裂Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Homotopic 等位[的]Host 主体Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Huc kel’rule 休克尔规则hybrid orbital 杂化轨道Hydantion 乙内酰脲Hydrazide 酰肼Hydrazone 腙Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Hydroboration 硼氢化hydrocarbons and their derivatives 碳氢化合物及其衍生物Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化hydrogen bonding 氢键Hydrogenolysis 氢解Hydrometallation 氢金属化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Hydroxylation 羟基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hyperconjugation 超共轭I strain 内张力-ic 酸的，高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替胺，酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodine 碘iodo- 碘代iso- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐Imide 二酰亚胺imine 亚胺Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Inductive effect 诱导效应Initiation 引发Inner salt 内盐Insertion 插入Intermediate 中间体Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应]Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Internal return 内返Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Inversion 反转Ion pair 离子对ionic type离子型Ipso position 本位Isoinversion 等反转Isomerism 异构[现象]isomerism同分异构现象isomer异构体Isonitrile 异腈Isoracemization 等消旋Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭Ketal 缩酮Ketene 乙烯酮Keto ester 酮酸酯keto- 酮ketone 酮Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构-ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Ketose 酮糖Ketyl radical 羰自由基Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Kinetic control 动力学控制Lactam 内酰胺Lactol 内半缩醛Lactone 内酯-lactone 内酯Laevo isomer 左旋异构体Large angle strain 大角张力Large ring 大环Leaving group 离去基团Leois structure 路易斯结构Linear free energy 线性自由能Lithiation 锂化Macrolide 大环内酯Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Mannich base 曼尼希碱Markovnikov’s rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Mechanism 机理Medium rimg 中环mega- 106meta- 间，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一，单melting point熔点Mercaptan 硫醇Mercuration 汞化Meso compound 内消旋化合物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Meta directing group 间位定位基Meta position 间位Michael addition 迈克尔加成Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Migration 迁移Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Mitallation 金属化Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法N-alkylation N-烷基化nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九N-bromo compound N-溴化物Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance 邻助作用Neoman projection 纽曼投影式Netro compound 硝基化合物newman projection纽曼投影式Nitration 硝化Nitrene 氮宾Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Nitrile 腈Nitrosation 亚硝化No-bond resonance 无键共振Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Nucleofuge 离核体Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应nucleophilic reagent亲核试剂Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性O- alkylation O-烷基化octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Oligosaccharide 寡糖Optical activity 光学活性organic chemistry 有机化学organic compounds 有机化合物Orinentation 取向Ortho effect 邻位效应Ortho position 邻位orthoester 原酸酯Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Osazone 脎Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Oxime 肟Oxime 亚硝基化合物Oxo process 羰基合成Oxonolysis 臭氧解Oxyamination 羟氨基化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Para position 对位para- 对位，仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高，过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚，多Paraffin wax 石蜡Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Partial bond fixation 键[的]部分固定化Partial rate factor 分速度系数Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Peptide 肽Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Peri position 近位Pericyclic reaction 周环反应perspective 透视式Phantom atom 虚拟原子Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Phenyl group 苯基Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排Photoisomerization 光异构化photooxidation 光氧化Photosensitization 光敏化physical property物理性质Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Pinacol 频哪醇Pitzer strain 皮策张力Plane of symmetry 对称面polarity 极性Polarizability 可极化性Polysaccharide 多糖Prelog’rule 普雷洛格规则Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Prochirality 前手性Propellane 笼型化合物Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Prototropy 质子转移Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Pseudorotation 假旋转Puckered ring 折叠环Push-pull effect 推拉效应Pyranose 吡喃糖Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除quadri- 四quinque- 五Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季铵化合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Racemization 外消旋化Radical anion 自由基负离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical ion 自由基离子Re face Re面reaction mechanism反应机理Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Rearrangement 重排Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Resonance effect 共振效应Resonance 共振Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Retention of configuration 构型保持Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Ring clsure 环合Ring contraction 环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应] Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Rotamer 旋转异构体Rotazane 螺桨烷R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体系Rused ring 索烃Saccharide 糖类Saponification 皂化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Selenylation 硒化semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式，同，共Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Si face Si面Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Silylation 硅烷[基]化Single electron transfer 单电子转移Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Small-angle strain 小角张力Smally ring 小环Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Solvent effect 溶剂效应Spirane 环烯Spiro compound 螺环化合物Spiroannulation 螺增环Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象staggered conformation交叉式构象Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Stereochemistry 立体化学stereochemistry立体化学Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] stereoisomer立体异构Stereospecificty 立体专一性Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻structural formula 结构式structure of molecule 分子结构Substitution 取代Substrate 底物Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonation 磺化Sulfone 砜Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfonylation 磺酰化Sulfoxide 亚砜sulfurization 硫化Super acid 超酸Symmetry factor 对称因素Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Synfacial reaction 同面反应Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨thio- 硫代tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型tetrahedral正四面体Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Thioester 硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Torsion angle 扭转角Torsional effect 扭转效应Transacetalation 缩醛交换Transamination 氨基交换Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Transannular strain 跨环张力Transesterification 酯交换Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Transoid conformation 反向构象trans-反Triene 三烯Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Trimefization 三聚Twist conformation 扭型构象Umbrella effect 伞效应undeca- 十一uni- 单，一unsym- 不对称的，偏位Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Urea 脲Valence bond method 价键法Valence tautomerism 价互变异构van der Waals forces 范德华力Vinylog 插烯物Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Wax 蜡-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上)-yne 炔Ynamine 炔胺Z isomer Z异构体Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Zwitterions 两性离子α-effect α-效应π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理。
有机化学英语词汇大全(音标,前后缀)
Route [`raut]【路线】Strategy ['strætidʒi]【策略】Rearrangement [ˏri:ә'reindʒmәnt]【重排】Asymmetric ['eisi'metrik]【不对称】Migration [mai'greiʃәn]【迁移】Mechanism ['mekәnizәm]【机理】Substrate ['sʌbstreit]【底物、培养基】Synthesis ['sinθisis]【合成】Labile ['leibail]【不稳定的】Azeotropic [әˏzi:ә'trɔpik]【共沸的】Scheme [ski:m]【图示】Derivative [di'rivәtiv]【衍生物】Analogous [ә'nælәgәs]【类似物】Primary ['praimәri]【伯-】Secondary ['sekәndәri]【仲-】Tertiary ['tә:ʃәri]【叔-】Functional ['fʌŋkʃәnl] group【官能团】Catalyst [`kætәlist] 【催化剂】Catalysis [kә`tælisis]【催化（作用）】Catalytical [kætә`litikәl] 【催化的】Hydrogenolysis [ˏhaidrәudʒә'nɔlәsis]【氢化】Hydrogenous [hai'drɔdʒinәs] 【含氢的】pericyclic [peri'saiklik] reaction【周环反应】transition [træn'ziʒәn] state 【过渡态】homolysis [hɔ'mɔlisis] 【均裂】heterolysis [ˏhetә'rɔlisis] 【异裂】homogeneous [ˏhɔmәu'dʒi:njәs]【均相的】heterogeneous [ˏhetәrәu'dʒi:niәs] 【非均相的】Steric ['sterik] hindrance[`hindrәns] 【立体位阻】Lipophilic [ˏlipә`filik]【亲脂性的】chiral [`kai rәl] 【手性的】electrophile [i`lektrәfail] 【亲电试剂】nucleophilic [ˏnju:kliәu'filik]【亲核的】hydrolysis [hai`drɔlisis] 【水解(作用)】acidolysis [ˏæsi`dɔlisis] 【酸解(作用)】displacement [dis'pleismәnt] 【取代】formalin ['fɔ:mәlin] 【甲醛溶液】dilute [dai'lju:t] 【稀释】dehydrate [di:'haidreit] 【脱水】dilation [dai'leiʃәn]【膨胀】saponification [sәpɔnifi'keiʃәn]【皂化】emulsification [iˏmʌlsifi'keiʃәn] 【乳化】reactant [ri:'æktәnt]【反应物】adduct [ә'dʌkt]【加合物】dissolve [di'zɔlv]【溶解】degradation [ˏdegrә'deiʃәn]【降解】mild [maild]【（反应）温和的】harsh [hɑ:ʃ] 【（反应）苛刻的】racemic [rә'si:mik]【消旋的】substituent [sʌb'stitjuәnt]【取代基】conjugation [ˏkɔndʒu'geiʃәn]【偶和】equivalent [i'kwivәlәnt]【当量的】volatile ['vɔlәtail]【易挥发的】susceptible [sә'septәbl]【易受影响的】in large scale【大量】protease ['prәutieis]【蛋白酶】side chain【侧链】Impuritiy [im'pjuәriti]【杂质】Component [kәm'pәunәnt]【组分】Tare [tєә]【去皮】Syringe ['sirindʒ]【注射器】Concentrate ['kɔnsentreit]【浓缩】Aqueous ['eikwiәs]【水相（的）】Methodology [meθә'dɔlәdʒi]【方法学】Precursor [pri(:)'kә:sә] 【前体】Separation [sepә'reiʃәn]【分离】Purification [ˏpjuәrifi'keiʃәn]【纯化】Recrystallization ['rikristәlai'zeiʃәn]【重结晶】Crystalline ['kristәlain]【晶体】Distillation [ˏdisti'leiʃәn]【蒸馏】Sublimation [ˏsʌbli'meiʃәn] 【升华】Microwave ['maikrәuweiv]【微波】Infrared ['infrә'red]【红外】ultraviolet ['ʌltrә'vaiәlit] active【紫外显色】isotope ['aisәutәup] 【同位素】isomer ['aisɔmә] 【同分异构体】Isomerization [aiˏsɔmәrai'zeiʃәn]【异构化】Transformation [ˏtrænsfә'meiʃәn]【转化】Stability [stә'biliti]【稳定性】Poisoned ['pɔiznd]【中毒的】Filter ['filtә]【过滤器】Filtration [fil'treiʃәn]【过滤】Filtrate ['filtreit]【滤液】Filter Cake【滤饼】Eluent ['eljuәnt]【淋洗液】hin-layer-chromatography [ˏkrәumә'tɔgrәfi] TLC【薄层色谱】Preparative [pri'pærәtiv] TLC【制备薄层色谱】HPLC【高效液相色谱】LC-MS【液质联用仪】Protic ['prәutik]【质子的】Aprotic[ә'prәutik]【非质子的】Decompose [ˏdi:kәm'pәuz]【分解】Removal [ri'mu:vәl]【除去】Reduced [ri'dju:st] pressure 【减压】Vacuum ['vækjuәm] 【真空】Elimination [iˏlimi'neiʃәn]【消除】Addition [ә'diʃәn]【添加、加成】Ligand ['laigәnd]【配体】Stopper ['stɔpә]【塞子】Separatory/ addition/ Büchner funnel ['fʌnәl]【分液/加料/布什】column chromatography【柱层析】Run column【用柱层析分离】Stopcock ['stɔpkɔk] 【旋塞阀】Condenser [kәn'densә]【冷凝管】Chamber ['tʃeimbә]【（薄层用）展缸】Bench [bentʃ] 【实验台】Hood [hud] 【通风橱】Rotavapor [ˏrәutә'veipә]【旋蒸】Evaporation [iˏvæpә'reiʃәn] 【蒸发】vacuum hose [hәuz]【真空管】silicon ['silikәn] oil bath 【（硅）油浴】sink [siŋk]【水槽】neutralize ['nju:trәlaiz]【中和】stir bar 【搅拌子】Dry ice trap【干冰冷阱】Glovebox [glʌvә'bɔks]【手套箱】vacuum pump [pʌmp]【真空泵】spatula ['spætjulә] 【刮刀】miscible ['misibl]【混溶的】Quench [kwentʃ]【淬灭】Purging ['pә:dʒiŋ]【鼓气】Titration [tai'treiʃәn]【滴定】Trituration [tritju'reiʃәn]【研磨】Dessicator ['desikeitә:]【干燥剂】Hygroscopic [ˏhaigrәu'skɔpik] 【吸湿的】Lachrymator ['lækriˏmeitә]【催泪剂】DI (de-ion) water【去离子水】Stoichiometric [ˏstɔikiәuˋmєtrik]【化学量的】Volumetric [vɔlju'metrik] 【测体积的】Weighing ['weiiŋ] paper【称量纸】Mechanical [mi'kænikl] stirring apparatus [ˏæpә'reitәs]【机械搅拌装置】heating mental ['mentl] 【加热套】Eclipse [i'klips] 【使失色】Anomeric ['ænәˏmerik] Effect 【端基异构效应】Equatorial [ˏekwә'tɔ:riәl]【平伏（键）的】Axial ['æksiәl]【直立（键）的】Gauche [gәuʃ] 【构象】Thermodynamic ['θә:mәudai'næmik]【热力学的】Kinetic [kai'netik]【动力学的】Enantioselective [eˏnæntiәsi'lektiv]【对映选择性的】Diastereotopic [ˏdaiәstiәriә'tɔpik] 【非对映的】Chemoselectivity 【化学选择性】Regioselective ['ri:dʒәu si'lektiv] 【区域选择性的】Stereoselectivity [ˏstiәriәˏsilek'tiviti]【立体选择性】Synthon ['sinθɔn]【合成子】Nitrosation [naitrә'seiʃә:n] 【亚硝化】Tautomer ['tɔ:tәmә]【（互变）异构体】Confirmation [ˏkɔnfɔ:'meiʃәn] 【构型】Equilibrium [ˏi:kwi'libriәm]【平衡】pyrolysis [ˏpaiә'rɔlisis] 【热解】ozonolysis [ ,әuzәu'nɔlisis ] 【臭氧分解】conversion [kәn'vә:ʃәn] ratio ['reiʃiәu] 【转化率】Deprotection【脱保护】Introduction【引入】Cleavage【分离，脱除】有机化学专业词汇Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型[的]Phenyl group 苯基Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型[的]Activating group 活化基团Chromophore 生色团Auxochrome 助色团Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Smally ring 小环Common ring 普通环Medium rimg 中环Large ring 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound 螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭Conjugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子Isomerism 异构[现象]Aci form 酸式Fluxional structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体Laevo isomer 左旋异构体Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Phantom atom 虚拟原子Homotopic 等位[的]Heterotopic 异位[的]Enantiotopic 对映异位[腯Diastereotopic 非对映异位[的] Configuration 构型Absolute configuration 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性[的]Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性[的]Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映[异构]体Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体Epimer 差向异构体Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E异构体Z isomer Z异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Re face Re面Si face Si面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Conformation 构象Conformational 构象分析Torsion angle 扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation 反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Axial bond 直[立]键Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Prelog’rule 普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Conformational transmission 构象传递Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position 邻位Meta position 间位Para position 对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckel’rule 休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Leois structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可[的]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Linear free energy 线性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Torsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Small-angle strain 小角张力Large angle strain 大角张力Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力I strain 内张力F strain 前张力B strain 后张力Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 纯手性[的]Mechanism 机理Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Ion pair 离子对Carbocation 碳正离子Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾Nitrene 氮宾Carbine 碳炔Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Diaxial addition 双直键加成Markovnikov’s rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Michael addition 迈克尔加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性α-effect α-效应Backside attack 背面进攻Inversion 反转Umbrella effect 伞效应Push-pull effect 推拉效应Leaving group 离去基团Electrofuge 离电体Nucleofuge 离核体Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance 邻助作用Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Apofacial reaction 反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Aryl action 芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmann’s rule 霍夫曼规则Bredt rule 布雷特规则Initiation 引发Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Partial bond fixation 键[的]部分固定化02．3有机化学反应Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 双氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation 亚硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Coupling reaction 偶联反应Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应1,4-addition 1，4-加成Conjugate addition 共轭加成Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氢化Oxyamination 羟氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脱羰Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Ring clsure 环合Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene synthesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar addition 偶极加成- elimination -消除- elimination -消除- elimination -消除-elimination -消除Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交换Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation 增环反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation 环氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Aromatization 芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Single electron transfer 单电子转移Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Mitallation 金属化Lithiation 锂化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应] Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Double bond migration 双键移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应] -ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migration 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Alkane 烷Wax 蜡Paraffin wax 石蜡Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物Carbon acid 碳氢酸Super acid 超酸Diene 双烯Triene 三烯Allene 丙二烯Ccumulene 累积多烯Enyne 烯炔Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷Alcohol 醇Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 环氧化物Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺Quaternaryammonium compound 季铵化合物Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfoxide 亚砜Sulfone 砜Aldehyde 醛Detone 酮Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半缩醛Acetal 缩醛acetal[化]乙缩醛, 乙缩醛二乙醇Ketal 缩酮Dithiane 二噻烷Aminal 缩醛胺imine 亚胺Aldimine 醛亚胺Oxime 肟Aldimine 醛肟Oxime 亚硝基化合物aldoxime 硝酮Hydrazone 腙Azine 嗪Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羟腈Pinacol 频哪醇Enol 烯醇Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯Enamine 烯胺Ynamine 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱Carboxylic acid 羧酸Ester 酯orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰卤Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl rtomide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene 乙烯酮Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Nitrile 腈Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Isonitrile 异腈Amide 酰胺Imide 二酰亚胺N-bromo compound N-溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼Acyl azide 酰叠氮Amidine 脒Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyanamide 氨腈Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Lactone 内酯Lactol 内半缩醛Macrolide 大环内酯Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterions 两性离子Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱Lactam 内酰胺Hydantion 乙内酰脲Peptide 肽Glycol 二醇Aldol 羟醛Acyloin 偶姻Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖Ketose 酮糖Furanose 呋喃糖Pyranose 吡喃糖Glycoside 糖苷Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon 苷元Saccharide 糖类Oligosaccharide 寡糖Polysaccharide 多糖Alditol 糖醇Osazone 脎Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Cycloalkene 环烷Spirane 环烯Cage compound 螺烷Propellane 笼型化合物Rotazane 螺桨烷Catenane 轮烷Rused ring 索烃化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基 'alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基 .-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的，次-ic 酸的，高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替胺，酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodine 碘iodo- 碘代iso- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一，单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇9 a$ f! Q, H: [5 n& G-one 酮ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位，仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高，过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚，多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半***i- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式，同，共ter- 三 -tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一 .uni- 单，一unsym- 不对称的，偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上)-yne 炔活化剂的中英文名称Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate （癸二酸二仲辛酯；癸二酸二2-乙基己酯）Zinc stearate （硬脂酸锌）Suberic acid （辛二酸）Adipic acid, （己二酸）Hexanedioic acid, （己二酸）Sebacic acid, dibutyl ester （癸二酸二丁酯）Abietic acid （松香酸）Lactic acid （乳酸）Poly(ethylene glycol) （聚乙二醇）Glycerol stearate （硬脂酸甘油酯）Imidazoline （咪唑啉，间二氮杂环戊烯）-Pinene （β-蒎烯，β-松油二环烯）Adipic acid （脂肪酸）Butyl acetate （乙酸丁酯）Ethylene glycol butyl ether （乙二醇丁醚）Sebacic acid, （癸二酸）Decanedioic acid, （癸二酸）Ethylene glycol ethyl ether （乙二醇乙醚）2-Butenedioic acid (E)-, （2-丁烯二酸）Succinic acid, （琥珀酸，丁二酸）Ethylene glycol methyl ether （乙二醇甲醚）Acetyl acetate （乙酸乙酰脂）1H-Benzotriazole （1-H-笨并三唑）-Pinene （α-蒎烯,α-松香二环烯）Salicylic acid (水杨酸)Iso-Propanol (异丙醇)Benzoic acid (苯甲酸)Ethanol (乙醇)Lysine (赖氨酸)Glutamic acid (谷氨酸,2-氨基戊二酸)Glyceroyl, （甘油酰）N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-ethylene-diamine （N，N，N，N-四（2-羟基丙基）乙烯二氨）Isoleucine, （异亮氨酸）Decamethylenedicarboxylic acid, disalicyloylhydrazide （Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)isocyanurate（3（2，3-2溴丙基）异氰尿酸盐）3-(N-Salicyloyl)amino-1,2,4-triazole （3-（N-水杨酰）氨-1，2，4-三唑）Isocyanuric acid （异氰尿酸）Salicylamide （水杨酰胺）Polyethylene glycol （聚乙二醇）Diethylene glycol diethyl ether （二甘醇二乙醚，（一缩）二乙二醇二乙醚）Butyl carbitol （丁基卡必醇）Ethyl carbitol （乙基卡必醇）Methyl carbitol （甲基卡必醇）Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether （乙二醇单丁醚）Glutaric acid （戊二酸，谷酸）Succinic acid （琥珀酸，丁二酸）Citric acid （柠檬酸）Salicylic acid （水杨酸）Lactic acid （2-羟基丙酸，乳酸）Glycerin monostearate （甘油一硬脂酸）Pentaerythritol （季戊四醇）tetrakis[-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)propionate] 四[β-（3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苯基）丙酸酯Dioctyl sebacate （癸二酸二辛酯）N-Methyl pyrrolidone, （N-甲基吡咯烷酮）Diethylene glycol ethyl ether （二甘醇乙醚）Propylene glycol （丙二醇）Octanedioic acid （辛二酸）Oleamide （油酸酰胺）[olamine 乙醇胺]2-Mercapto benzothiazole （2-巯基-苯并噻唑）Nonanedioic acid, （壬二酸）cis-9-Octadecenoic acid, （顺式-9-十八炭烯酸，油酸）Sebacic acid, uses （癸二酸）12-Hydroxy stearic acid （十二羟基硬脂酸）Phthalic acid （苯二甲酸）1,1,3-Tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)butane （1，1，3-三（2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基）丁烷）1,3,5-Trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) benzene（1，3，5-三甲基-2，4，6-三（3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）苯）1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, （1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮）Carbonic acid, （碳酸）Phthalic acid, （苯二甲酸）Malic acid （苹果酸,羟基丁二酸）2,3-Dibromo-2-butene-1,4-diol （2，3-二溴-2-丙烯-1，4-二醇）Cetylpyridinium bromide （溴代十六烷基吡啶）Pentanedioic acid （戊二酸） pentanediol (戊二醇) pentanoic acid ( 戊酸) pentanol (戊醇)Butanedioic acid, （丁二酸）1,2-Dibromoethylbenzene （1，2-二溴乙基苯）Salicylic acid, （水杨酸）Stearic acid （硬脂酸）Pentanedioic acid （戊二酸）Maleic acid, （马来酸，失水苹果酸）Phthalic acid, （苯二甲酸）Tartaric acid, （酒石酸）Acetic acid, （乙酸）Polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether （聚氧乙烯辛基酚醚，聚氧化亚乙基辛基分醚）Ethanedioic acid, （乙二酸）Polyethylene glycol （聚乙二醇）Diethylene glycol butyl ether （二甘醇丁醚）Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether （二甘醇单乙醚）Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether （乙二醇单丁醚）Pentaerythritol, （季戊四醇）Diglycol, （二甘醇，一缩二乙二醇）Hexylene glycol （己二醇）Ethylene glycol, （乙二醇）Glycerol, （甘油,丙三醇）Cyclobutanediamine （环丁烷二胺）Dibromobutenediol （二溴丁二醇）Cyclohexanediamine （环己烷二胺）Succinamide （琥珀酰胺，丁二酸胺）Ethylenediamine, （乙二胺）Triethanolamine, （三乙醇胺）5-Aminoisophthalic acid （5-氨基间苯二甲酸）p-tert-Butylbenzoic acid （对叔丁基苯甲酸）Propionic acid, （丙酸）Benzoic acid, （安息香酸, 苯(甲)酸）Salicylamide （水杨酰胺）Aniline, （苯胺）Palmitic acid, （棕榈酸, 十六酸, 软脂酸）Glutamic acid, （谷氨酸） Glutaric acid (谷酸，戊二酸) Glycine, （甘氨酸，氨基乙酸）Malic acid （苹果酸,羟基丁二酸）Adipic acid, （己二酸）Diethanolamine （二乙醇胺）Triethylamine, （三乙胺）Malic acid （苹果酸）Oxalic acid, （草酸）Oleic acid, （油酸）Glutaric acid (谷氨酸) Sorbic acid （山梨酸）sorbic alcohol (山梨醇)=sorbit。
有机化学英语单词前后缀表
有机化学英语单词前后缀表有机物英语单词后缀表 -acetal 缩醇acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛-aldechydic acid 醛酸 -amarime（或-marine）苦苷 -amic acid 酰胺酸-amide 酰胺-amide acid （=amic acid）酰胺酸-amidine 脒-amidoxime 脒肟-amidrazone 脒腙-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride -ic anhydrideanil 缩苯胺-anilic acid 酰苯胺酸 -anilide 酰苯胺-aniside 酰茴香醛-arsine 胂-arsinic acid [美国名指]次胂酸-arsinous acid [美国名和英国名均指]卑胂酸-arsinoxide 胂氧-arsonic acid [美国名和英国名均指]胂酸-arsonous acid [美国名指]亚胂酸-ase 酶-azide 叠氮-azine 连氮-betaine 内胺盐-biarsine 联胂bi...oyl di..oyl-bistibine 联锑bi...yl 联...-borane 硼烷-borinic acid 二取代硼酸 -boronic acid 硼酸-bromohydrin 溴醇-cacodyl 卡可基-cain(e) 卡因-carbamic acid 氨甲酸 -carbazinic acid 肼甲酸 -carbinol 甲醇-carbodithioic acid 二硫代羧酸 carbohydrazide N-酰基卡巴肼 -carbohydraoxamamide 甲肟胺 -carbohydroxamic acid 羧肟胺 -carbonamidine 甲脒-carbonitrile 甲腈-barbonyl 羰基-carbothioic acid 羧硫代酸 -carbothiolic acid 甲硫羟酸 -carbothionic acid 甲硫羰酸 -carboxaldehyde 甲醛-carboxamide 甲酰胺-carboxamidine 甲脒-carboxamidoxime 甲胺肟 -carboximidic acid 甲亚胺酸 -carboxylic acid 羧酸-carbylamine 胩-cene 并...苯-chloroarine 氯胂-chlorohydrin 氯醇-chrysine 柯因-cyanamide 氨腈-cyanhydrin 氰醇-cyanoarsin 氰胂-diarsine 联胂-diazonium 重氮-dicarboximide 二甲酰亚胺 -dichloroarsine 二氯胂 -diimide 联亚胺-din(e) 定；啶di...(o)yl 联…酰-disulfide 二硫-dithiocarbamic acid 氨基二硫代羧酸-di...ylene 联二…亚基 -drin(e) 君[俗名词尾]-e- 裂[嵌在末一音节之前，指分裂后之产物]-ene 烯-ester 酯-etane 丁环-ete 丁-etene 丁亭[4元无氮一烯环，中文中与-etine不分]-ether 醚-etidine 丁啶-etine 丁亭[4元含氮饱和环]-florine 花精-follin 叶素-folin 叶素-form 仿gen 精-genin 配基-germanonic acid 基锗酸-gin 精-glycol 二醇-hemiacetal 缩一醇 -hydrazidc 酰肼 -hydrazidine 肼定 -hydrazine 肼-hydrazone 腙-hydrin 醇hydrogen ester 氢酯 hydrosulfamine 巯胺 -hydroxamamide 肟胺 -hydroxamic acid 羟肟酸-hydroxylamine 胲 -ic anhydride 酸酐 -ic semialdehyde 醛酸 -ide 酰胺-il 偶酰-imide 酰亚胺-imidic acid 亚胺酸 -imine 亚胺-in 精-inium -onium-iodohydrin 碘醇-irane 丙烷-irene 丙烯-iridine 丙啶-irine 丙因-isothiourca 异硫脲 -isource 异脲-ite 糖醇-itol 糖醇-ium -onium-ketal 酮缩醇-ketene 乙烯酮-ketazine 酮连氮-ketimide 酮亚胺-ketol 乙酮醇-ketone 酮-ketoxime 甲酮肟-lactam 内酰胺-lactim 内酰亚胺-lactone 内酯-lin 灵-lin(e) 灵-lysin 溶素-mercaptal 醛缩硫醇 -mercaptan 硫醇-mereaptole 酮缩硫醇 -methine 甲碱-methylene 亚甲基 -min 明-morpholide N-酰基吗啉 -naphthalide N-酰基萘胺 -naphthone 酰萘-nin(e) 宁-nitramine 硝胺-nitrile 腈-nitrolic acid 硝肟酸 -nitrosamine 亚硝胺 -nitrosate 硝酯肟酸 -nitrosolic acid 亚硝肟酸 -nitrosite 亚硝酯肟酸 -oic acid 酸-oin 偶姻-ol 醇-ole 脑，醚-olic acid 醇酸；脑酸；油酸；炔酸-olid(e) 交酯-olidine 烷[5元含氮饱和杂环]-oline 啉[5元一烯杂环] -onane 壬环[9元饱和杂环] -one 酮-ionic acid 酮酸-ionic acid 糖酸-onium 钅翁-o... one ...酰...酮 -or 脑-orthosiliconic acid 原硅酸-osan 聚糖-osazone 脎-ose 糖-oside 糖苷-oxide 氧化物-oxime 肟-oyl 酰-oyl halide 酰卤-ozonide 臭氧-peroxide 过氧-phene 芬-phine 粉；芬-phenetidide 酰基苯乙定 -phenone 酰苯-phosphine 膦-phosphinic acid 次磷酸 -phosphinous acid 卑磷酸 -phosphonic acid 磷酸 -phosphonous acid 亚磷酸 -phyllin(e) 非灵；植素 -picrin 苦碱-pin(e) 品-pinacol 频哪醇-pinacolin(e) 频哪酮 -pinacolone 频哪酮 -pinacone -pinacol-piperidine N-酰基哌啶 -plumbonic acid 铅酸 -quine 奎-rin 扔，苷-rufin 绛酚saccharic acid 糖质酸 saccharinic acid 糖精酸 -sapegenin 皂萆配基 -saponine 皂萆苷-selenenic acid 次硒酸 -seleninic acid 亚硒酸 -selenol 硒醇-selenonic acid 硒酸 -semiacetal 醛缩一醇 semialdehyde -ic semialdehyde-semicarbazone 缩氨脲-semicarbazide 氨脲 -semioxamazone 缩半萆肼 -siliconic acid 硅酸 -sin 僧；素-st- 甾-stannonic acid 锡酸 -stibine 月弟-stibinic acid 次锑酸 -stibinous acid 卑锑酸 stibonic acid 锑酸 -stibonium 锑-stibonous acid 亚锑酸 sulfenamide 次磺酰胺 -sulfenic acid 次磺酸 -sulfide 硫-sulfilimine 硫亚胺 -sulfinamide 亚磺酰胺 -sulfinic acid 亚磺酸 -sulfonamide 磺酰胺 -sulfone 砜-sulfonic acid 磺酸 -sulfoxide 亚砜-sultam 磺内酰胺-sultone 磺内酯-tanin 单宁-tannin 单宁-tellurinic acid 亚碲酸 -telluronic acid 碲酸 -thetin(e) 噻亭-thin 质thioacetal 醛缩硫醇 -thiocarbazone 硫卡巴腙 -thiohydroxylamine 硫胲-thioic acid 硫代酸 -thioketene 乙烯硫酮 -thiol 硫醇-thiolactone 硫代内酯 -thiosemicarbazone 缩胺基硫脲-thiolic acid 硫羟酸 -thione 硫酮-thionic acid 硫羰酸 -thionothiolic acid 二硫代羧酸-thiourea 硫脲-tin 亭-toluide N-酰基甲苯胺 -toxin(e) 毒-trin 醇-trisulfide 三硫 -tropin 托品-ulose 酮糖-area 脲-urethan(e) 尿烷 -urethylan(e) 尿基烷 -uric acid 尿酸 -uronic acid 糖醛酸，糖酮酸-xanthin 黄质-xanthogenic acid 黄元酸-xylide N-酰二甲苯胺 -yl 基-ylene 亚基-yl halide 卤代物 -ylidene 亚基-ylidyne 次基-ylium 钅翁-yne 炔acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的，次-ic 酸的，高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替…胺，酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一，单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位，仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高，过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚，多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式，同，共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单，一unsym- 不对称的，偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上）-yne 炔。
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有机化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀acetal ??? 醛缩醇acetal- ??? 乙酰acid ?? ?? 酸-al ?? ?? 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 烯丙基 [propenyl(丙烯基)] alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-carboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的，次hyper- 高级的，高-ic 酸的，高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替胺，酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodine 碘iodo- 碘代iso- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一，单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位，仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高，过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚，多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式，同，共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨thio- 硫代tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单，一unsym- 不对称的，偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上) -yne 炔organic compounds 有机化合物compounds of carbon 碳化合物hydrocarbons and their derivatives 碳氢化合物及其衍生物organic chemistry 有机化学structure of molecule 分子结构chemical? bond 化学键covalent bond 共价键hybrid orbital 杂化轨道bond length 键长bond angle 键角bond energy键能polarity 极性dissociation energy 离解能constitution构造contiguration构型conformation构象stereochemistry立体化学tetrahedral正四面体cis-顺trans-反isomerism同分异构现象isomer异构体stereoisomer立体异构constitutional isomer构造异构structural formula 结构式octet八隅体perspective 透视式eclipsed conformation重叠式构象staggered conformation交叉式构象newman projection纽曼投影式functional group 官能团chain compoud 链状化合物carbocyclic compound碳环化合物heterocyclic compound杂环化合物dipole-dipole interactions 偶极-偶极相互作用van der Waals forces 范德华力hydrogen bonding 氢键dipole moment偶极矩electronegativity 电负性physical property物理性质melting point熔点boiling point 沸点reaction mechanism反应机理homolysis均裂free redical自由基heterolysis异裂ionic type离子型electrophilic reagent亲电试剂electrophilic reaction亲电反应nucleophilic reagent亲核试剂nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应英文名汉文名Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型[的]Phenyl group 苯基Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型[的]Activating group 活化基团Chromophore 生色团Auxochrome 助色团Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Smally ring 小环Common ring 普通环Medium rimg 中环Large ring 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound 螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭Conjugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子Isomerism 异构[现象]Aci form 酸式Fluxional structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体Laevo isomer 左旋异构体Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Phantom atom 虚拟原子Homotopic 等位[的]Heterotopic 异位[的] Enantiotopic 对映异位[的] Diastereotopic 非对映异位[的] Configuration 构型Absolute configuration 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性[的]Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性[的]Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映[异构]体Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体Epimer 差向异构体Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E异构体Z isomer Z异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Re face Re面Si face Si面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Conformation 构象Conformational 构象分析Torsion angle 扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation 反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Gauche conformation, skewcon-formation 邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Axial bond 直[立]键Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Prelog’rule 普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Conformational transmission 构象传递Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position 邻位Meta position 间位Para position 对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckel’rule 休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Leois structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可[的]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Linear free energy 线性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Torsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Small-angle strain 小角张力Large angle strain 大角张力Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力I strain 内张力F strain 前张力B strain 后张力Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 纯手性[的]Mechanism 机理Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilicsub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilicsubsti-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）Internal nucleophilicsubstiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilicsubstitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilicsub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilicsubsti-tution 双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assistedunimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination withfor-mation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzedacyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzedacyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzedalkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Ion pair 离子对Carbocation 碳正离子Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾Nitrene 氮宾Carbine 碳炔Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Diaxial addition 双直键加成Markovnikov’s rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Michael addition 迈克尔加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理Electrophilic aromaticsubstitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性α-effect α-效应Backside attack 背面进攻Inversion 反转Umbrella effect 伞效应Push-pull effect 推拉效应Leaving group 离去基团Electrofuge 离电体Nucleofuge 离核体Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proupassistance,anchimeric assistance 邻助作用Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Apofacial reaction 反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Aryl action 芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmann’s rule 霍夫曼规则Bredt rule 布雷特规则Initiation 引发Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Partial bond fixation 键[的]部分固定化02．3有机化学反应Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 双氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation 亚硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Coupling reaction 偶联反应Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应1,4-addition 1，4-加成Conjugate addition 共轭加成Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氢化Oxyamination 羟氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脱羰Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Ring clsure 环合Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene synthesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar addition 偶极加成- elimination -消除- elimination -消除- elimination -消除-elimination -消除Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交换Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation 增环反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation 环氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Aromatization 芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Single electron transfer 单电子转移Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Mitallation 金属化Lithiation 锂化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应]Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Double bond migration 双键移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小[反应] Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应]-ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migration 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排2．4 有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Alkane 烷Wax 蜡Paraffin wax 石蜡Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物Carbon acid 碳氢酸Super acid 超酸Diene 双烯Triene 三烯Allene 丙二烯Ccumulene 累积多烯Enyne 烯炔Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷Alcohol 醇Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 环氧化物Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季铵化合物Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfoxide 亚砜Sulfone 砜Aldehyde 醛Detone 酮Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半缩醛Acetal 缩醛Ketal 缩酮Dithiane 二噻烷Aminal 缩醛胺imine 亚胺Aldimine 醛亚胺Oxime 肟Aldimine 醛肟Oxime 亚硝基化合物aldoxime 硝酮Hydrazone 腙Azine 嗪Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羟腈Pinacol 频哪醇Enol 烯醇Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯Enamine 烯胺Ynamine 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱Carboxylic acid 羧酸Ester 酯orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰卤Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl rtomide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene 乙烯酮Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Nitrile 腈Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Isonitrile 异腈Amide 酰胺Imide 二酰亚胺N-bromo compound N-溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼Acyl azide 酰叠氮Amidine 脒Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyanamide 氨腈Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Lactone 内酯Lactol 内半缩醛Macrolide 大环内酯Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterions 两性离子Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱Lactam 内酰胺Hydantion 乙内酰脲Peptide 肽Glycol 二醇Aldol 羟醛Acyloin 偶姻Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖Ketose 酮糖Furanose 呋喃糖Pyranose 吡喃糖Glycoside 糖苷Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon 苷元Saccharide 糖类Oligosaccharide 寡糖Polysaccharide 多糖Alditol 糖醇Osazone 脎Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Cycloalkene 环烷Spirane 环烯Cage compound 螺烷Propellane 笼型化合物Rotazane 螺桨烷Catenane 轮烷Rused ring 索烃。