华南理工大学2018年《213翻译硕士日语》考研专业课真题试卷
【华南理工大学2012年考研专业课真题】翻译硕士英语2012
211华南理工大学2012年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（请在答题纸上做答，试卷上做答无效，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：翻译硕士英语适用专业：英语笔译（专硕）本卷满分：100分共页Part I. Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points, 1 point for each)Directions: After each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Select the only one choice that best completes the statement. Write your answers on your answer sheet.1.Economics applies directly to how we earn our income and ________.A. how to spend our moneyB. how we spend our moneyC. the way we spend our moneyD. the way our money is spent2.The product must be priced ________ it competes effectively with rival products in thesame market.A. as suchB. in such a wayC. so thatD. so3.I ________ be late for that important meeting than leave this injured old woman here.A. had betterB. would ratherC. may as wellD. should just4.________ he ________ that it was to be the president’s last press conference, he wouldhave filmed the occasion.A. Should…knowB. If…knowsC. Had…knownD. Were…known5.It wasn’t until he turned the corner that he realized that he ________ tailed.A. wasB. beingC. would beD. was being6.As a senior professor she should have known better _______ to get involved in such ascandal.A. and notB. but notC. thanD. than not7.The health department inspector recommended that all outdoor food stores at the gateof the school ________.A. closed downB. close downC. be closed downD. would be closed down8.The application was blank except for ________ Michael had filled in his name.A. whereB. whatC. howD. which9.Cultural values may be defined as assumptions shared by the members of a society________ is right or wrong.A. as to whatB. about whateverC. on whatD. concerning things that10.Some scientists think that trial-and-error methods help to show how intelligent________.A. is an animalB. an animal isC. will an animal beD. an animal will be11.We can’t _______ examinations altogether unless we can come up with a better way toevaluate the students.A. do awayB. do away ofC. do away withD. do away from12.The sudden bankruptcy of these financial giants threw the investors ________ andcaused them to ________.A. in a panic, stampedeB. in pain, panicC. in confusion, hold their stocksD. in despair, withdraw gradually13.He did everything possible to whip up some support for his decision to________ moremoney to his favorite project.A. allowB. spendC. divideD. allot14.At that time he kept telling us that final victory was just ________. His optimism savedus from despair.A. at the cornerB. around the cornerC. on the cornerD. in the corner15.If he should fail to ________ the project to a successful close in time, he would beseverely reprimanded.A. bringB. takeC. carryD. put16.After he ________ power, he was no longer satisfied to be a president. He wanted tobe a king.A. grippedB. grabbedC. seizedD. grasped17.His sudden blindness ________ him ________ the joy of seeing the beautiful world.A. robbed; ofB. deprived; withC. robbed; offD. denied; of18.This terrible event ________ of the president, and he ________ all his appointments.A. drew hold of; called offB. occupied all the attention;dismissedC. demanded all the attention; laid asideD. took complete hold; cancelled19.Starting around 7000 B.C., and for the next four thousand years, much of the NorthernHemisphere ____ temperatures warmer than at present.A. with experience ofB. experiencedC. experiencingD. experience20.The meeting took on a different ____after his moving speech.A. presageB. postureC. travestyD. trauma21.After ________ deliberation, the foreman announced that the jury had reached averdict.A. 10-minutes ofB. 10 minutes ofC. 10 minute’sD. 10-minute22.________ is always the case, the darkest hour comes before the dawn.A. ThatB. ItC. AsD. What23.We have a long way to go ________ we can invent truly intelligent machines.A. beforeB. ifC. thatD. when24.Chocolate comes from cocoa beans, ________ the seeds of the cacao tree.A. that isB. that areC. which isD. which are25.I know she didn’t pass the qualifying exam, but really she’s ________ but stupid.A. anyB. nothingC. anythingD. something26.Even though we may not notice them, computers are all around us and affect manyparts of our ________ life.A. every dayB. everydayC. every day’sD. everyday’s27.Because we are by nature social animals, we need other people ________ we needfood, water and shelter.A. such asB. just asC. as suchD. as if28.If inflation continues to rise at the present rate, ten percent of the population ________hard to make ends meet.A. would findB. found itC. findsD. will find it29.She spoke for the ________ that they three had all lost the ________ to work duringthe spring break and they needed a good long rest.A. team; desireB. group; interestC. company; inclinationD. gang; intention30.Only hotel guests have the ________ of using the private beach.A. occasionB. possibilityC. privilegeD. allowancePart II. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section 1 Multiple choice questions (16points, 2 points for each)Directions: In this section there are 2 reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet. Passage 1“Can we speak of the death of the university?” an English newspaper recently asked. Another offered the diagnosis: “Still breathing”. Not only at this seminar, here and now, but all over the world the future of the universities is now being discussed. This is not only because we are entering a new century. Many people are asking whether the traditional research universities in fact have any future at all. This doubt seems mainly due to the development of the new technology, the massification of the universities, the idea of life-long learning, the growing competition from other learning institutions ⎯ and may also because of the strong specialization that we are now experiencing in most fields of research. Many experts predict the death of universities as we know them today, with a campus.I am an optimist, and I have become even more of an optimist having listened to the speakers today. I believe in the magic of the campus! I believe that the universities will be able to enjoy a very bright future as intellectual power centers in a world in which society is calling out increasingly loudly for more knowledge.But if we are to continue to live as intellectual power centers, the universities cannot sit passively letting development take their course. We must know what sort of university we want in the future. Many battles have been lost because of the lack of any goal. We must also have a strategy and a policy for how we are to achieve our vision. This means that the university must actively relate to the great challenges we are now being faced with, and we must develop our ability and will for renewal. Yet we must do this at the same time as we stand by the fundamental values that make us a university: that is our independence.I see it as one of the most important tasks for a university president to work for the greatest possible spirit of community in the university, and for the university to be an integrated institution and not simply a number of facilities or departments linked together in some kind of formal organization or strategic alliance. Only then can we defend the use of the name “university”.31. According to the first paragraph, the traditional research universities ________.A. have a very bright future before themB. are faced with a very difficult situationC. are becoming a hot topic of all kinds of peopleD. are about to disappear from people’s vision32. In the author’s opinion, people are worried about the future of the universities becauseof the following reasons EXCEPT ________.A. there is strong competition from other educational institutionsB. universities cannot obtain enough financial backupC. a lot of research fields are thought to be too much specializedD. many universities have been established33. The author is optimistic about the future of universities because ________.A. he has listened to many speakersB. he thinks that universities are powerfulC. universities can satisfy the growing need of society for more knowledgeD. he thinks universities can work magic by themselves34. We can infer from the passage that it is a ________.A. report intended for government officialsB. research paper concerning educational policiesC. speech delivered at a meetingD. lecture by a professor to his students35. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. The faculties and departments in the universities should maintain their ownindependence.B. Universities must take the initiative to develop themselves.C. In order to survive, universities must meet the challenges and solve the difficulties infront of them.D. Lack of proper plans may lead to the failure of many projects.Passage 2Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the "system" of prices. The price of any particular product of service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else. If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define "price", many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particulartransaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that supply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total "package" being exchanged for the asked—— for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.36. According to the passage, the price system is related primarily to _______.A. labor and educationB. transportation and insuranceC. utilities and repairsD. products and services37. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor in completeunderstanding of price?A. Instructions that come with a product.B. The quantity of a product.C. The quality of a product.D. Warranties that cover a product.38. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses _______.A. unusual ways to advertise productsB. types of payment plans for serviceC. theories about how products affect different levels of societyD. how certain elements of price "package" influence its market valueSection 2 Answering questions (24 points, 2 points for each)Directions: Read the following passage and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions following it. Use the only information from the passage you have read and write your answers in the corresponding space on your ANSWER SHEET.Passage 3[1]Put a jaguar, a bear, a tiger and a panda together and you might get a good show but you won’t get a quiet life.[2]The Bric grouping---Brazil, Russia, India and China---has become a shorthand for the rise of emerging markets in the global economy. And after a rather stellar decade, the Brics mainly had a good crisis from which they are now rapidly exiting.[3]Goldman Sachs, the financial group that invented the category, reckons that China may well become the world’s largest economy before 2030. Collectively, the Bric economies could well surpass output in the Group of Seven wealthy nations---which have dominated the management of the global economy---by 2032.[4]The brics already have a bigger share of world trade than the US. China, probably the world’s biggest goods exporter last year, has been supplemented by India’s software and back-office exports, Russia’s oil and gas and the domination of a number of agricultural commodity markets by Brazil’s super-competitive farmers.[5]While equities in G7 countries were struggling to stay in positive territory during the past five or so years, the Bric share prices, albeit with a steep drop and rapid recovery during the global financial crisis, finished the decade more than twice as high as in 2005. Bric equity indices have emerged; Bric funds have sprung up for investors to pile into the sector.[6]So as the world emerges from recession, is this a transformational moment when the center of gravity in the global economy and its governance decisively shifts? Is this a pivot point such as the second world war, where the confident, innovative US muscled aside the weakened, debt-laden economies of Europe and remade the global financial architecture? And, most immediately, are Bric consumers up to the task of rebalancing the world economy by supplanting their acquisitive American counterparts?[7]The most likely answer is: not yet. Not only are the Brics such a disparate group that almost any generalization is problematic, but China, the dominant member of the quartet, still seems wedded to an economic model dependent on demand elsewhere.[8] “The so-called emerging economies, even some like Bangladesh, are undoubtedly players on the global stage,” said Jean-Pierre Lehmann, professor of political economy at the IMD management school in Lausanne, Switzerland. “But I don’t see any great cataclysm in the next 10 years, nor the center of finance definitely moving east.”[9]Like a boy band or a street gang, the Brics might almost have been chosen for their disparate abilities rather than their similarities. China’s size and openness to trade give it as much economic clout as the rest put together: Markus Jager, of Deutsche Bank, calls the hypercompetitive manufacturing exporter “the 800lb panda in the room” . India, similar in population but poorer and economically more insular, is chiefly notable to investors and trading patterns for its software and business services. Brazil, despite a sprinkling of manufactures, remains one of the world’s most efficient agro-exporters; Russia, after feebler attempts to diversify, essentially just sells oil and gas.[10]The story of their rapid progress is familiar but still dramatic. A decade ago, only one had an investment-grade credit ratting; now all do. Only 12 years ago, a Russian debt default and Brazilian currency crisis rocked the world economy; today, they have accumulated vast foreign exchange reserves.[11]The Brics contributed about half of global growth between 2000---2008 sharply higher than in the previous decade. Yet along with this growth has come an unbalancing of the global economy.[12]A Chinese growth model based on heavy investment and exports has accompanied vast current-account surplus across east Asia, matched by a current-account deficit in the US. And despite doings its bit to keep economic growth going during the crisis, it is far from clear that the Middle Kingdom has effected a shift towards consumer demand that a true engine of world growth would achieve.[13]With a great flourish, Beijing announced a $585bn stimulus package in November2008 and loosened bank credit. But its ability to create self-sustaining growth was suspect. Rather than handing out cash to consumers to get them spending---a move that might also have encouraged imports---a large chunk of the stimulus went into the old favorite, fixed investment. “If global demand does not recover in time or the stimulus measures fail to stir the animal spirits, China may end up creating overcapacity,” said Jagar.[14]Razeen Sally, a trade expert at the London School of Economics, said: “The Chinese interventions had the effect of reinforcing existing problems and imbalances. We are going to see a lot of excess capacity in export-oriented industries like steel at exactly the wrong time.”[15]The repegging of the renminbi against the dollar in 2008, after three years when it was allowed to crawl higher, has also done nothing to shift the Chinese economy from exports to consumer demand. The effect of that decision is multiplied by the copycat actions of many emerging-market countries holding their own currencies down lest they lose competitiveness to China.[16]Indeed, although the worldwide reduction in consumer demand had cut the absolute level of China’s current-account surplus during the crisis, with fewer ships carrying toys and iPods out of Shenzhen and Shanghai, China continued to gain market share abroad. The International Monetary Fund and others reckon that the apparent rebalancing of the global economy over the past year is temporary. When demand picks up, so will Chinese exports, along with the old surpluses and deficits.[17]Despite pockets of profligacy, if anything, China’s has become less rather than more of a consumer economy in the past decade. Its overall savings rate grew over the decade. Although much of this rise reflected corporate savings, household savings rose, too, and a greater share of national income went to companies rather than consumers in the first place.[18]A survey last year by the McKinsey Global Institute backed up what many economists have long argued: that the lack of a social safety net is one of the main reasons that Chinese households save. The top three reasons given were: educational needs, security in case of illness and caring for parents. Changing deep-seated structural factors such as this will not be quick. Nor will it be achieved simply by letting the renminbi rise.[19]As for the other Brics, whose trend growth rate is slower than China’s, they are unlikely to have a noticeable effect on global demand for some time. Although growth in Brazil and India held up well during the crisis, the former is a relatively mature economy with less scope for rapid growth; the latter an underperformer with a chronic public finance problem and a household savings rate even higher than China’s. Meanwhile, Russia, whose economy contracted sharply during the global recession, still depends on oil prices.[20]A decade of rapid growth is not enough for the Brics to seize the baton of global economic leadership from the US and western Europe. The grouping, or some of them, may have astonished the world with their progress over the past 10 years. But it will require a qualitative improvement as well as more growth to consolidate that shift of power.39. Find in paragraph[7] and any other paragraph two synonyms of “Brazil, Russia, India and China” as a group.40. What are the main reasons to group Brazil, Russia, India and China as a new economic category?41. Find a metonymy in paragraph[15] and a metaphor in paragraph[12].42. What is the particular reason for Chinese households to save money ?43. Why the consumer economy remained weak in China?44. In paragraph[5], what does “equity” mean?45. In paragraph[7], what is the inside meaning of “…that any generalization isproblematic” ?46. Paraphrase “China’s size and openness to trade give it as much economic clout as the rest put together”. (Paragraph [9])47. List two reasons for the statement “A decade of rapid growth is not enough for the Brics to seize the baton of global economic leadership from the US and western Europe”.48. Use one short sentence to summarize paragraph [6].49. What is strong with Brazil as one of the Brics?50. According to the article, do you see any great cataclysm in the next 10 years in terms of the center of finance?Part III. Writing (30 points)51. First read the following Chinese report, and then write an essay of about 400 words in English. You are supposed to have a title for your writing. Write your essay on your ANSWER SHEET.2011年10月13日下午5时30分许，一出惨剧发生在佛山南海黄岐广佛五金城：年仅两岁的女童小悦悦（本名王悦）走在巷子里，被一辆面包车两次碾压，几分钟后又被一小型货柜车碾过。
2013年对外经济贸易大学213翻译硕士日语考研试题(回忆版)
2013年对外经济贸易大学213翻译硕士日语考研试题
回忆版）
）
（回忆版
翻译硕士日语：
第一，第二大题：共40个语法，前30个0.5分一个，后10个1分一个。
注意外 经贸学硕日语的历年真题，有很多重复，一定要仔细做真题，注意敬语。
第三大题：一篇小说阅读（特别长）8个选择，2个主观，3分一个。
文章不难，但是选项实在暧昧的不行。
第四大题：一篇经贸阅读，让你选择句子填空，共五题，不难，注意上下文的联系，不用全部阅读，注意技巧，需要在复习时学习一些经贸和社会日语词汇，尤其是经贸，金融日语词汇（例如：相場，为替等等）
最后：インターネットの功罪について ，600词，这种题目的作文我相信大家应该都没有什么问题吧。
南京航空航天大学2018年《215翻译硕士德语》考研专业课真题试卷
南京航空航天大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷 ）科目代码:215满分:100 分科目名称:翻译硕士德语注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I Phonetik und Grammatik语音和语法（每题1分，共50分）A选出下列单词中划线部分发音不同的一个（每题1分，共10分）1. A) da B) an C) Bahn D) Waage2. A) sieht B) ihr C) die D) bitte3. A) bis B) muss C) Sie D) plus4. A) Wagen B) Vase C) Vater D) wohnen5. A) Licht B) ach C) nach D) auch6. A) Wedding B) Ende C) Kind D) du7. A) sein B) mein C) Leute D) Mais8. A) ganz B) Kurs C) abends D) Katze9. A) Post B) Stunde C) studieren D) Stuhl10. A) Gespräch B) Aspekt C) Sprache D) sprechenB 从ABC三个选项中选出正确的答案（每题1分，共20分）11. - ________ ist Ihr Name bitte?- Karin Beckmann.A) Was B) Wie C) Wie heißt12. Sie fahren morgen nach Deutschland, aber Frau Lehmann fährt ___________Schweiz.A) nach B) zur C) in die13. Alle ___________ führen nach Rom.A) Wege B) Straßen C) Bahnen14. Dieser Mantel kostet 235 Euro. Das ist zu teuer. Gibt es ________?A) keine billigeren B) keine billige C) keine billiger15. Sie dürfen hier im Haus keinen Hund ________.科目代码：215科目名称：翻译硕士德语 第1页 共8页。
2018年华南理工大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2018年华南理工大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Translate each of the following statements into Chinese (50):1. John saw the writing on the wall for the British car industry two decades ago. 【答案】约翰在二十年前就意识到了英国汽车行业的不祥之兆。
2. Without tools man is nothing, with tools, he is all.【答案】没有工具，人是无能为力的；有了工具，人才能大显神通。
3. There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of Trump.【答案】特朗普的性格既残暴又狡猾。
4. Snow was treated very shabbily by the U.S. press and officialdom during this period, victimized for his views.【答案】在这期间，斯诺受到了美国新闻界和政界极不公正的对待，由于他的观点，他受到了迫害。
5. Our journey has brought us halfway across northern China.【答案】我们在中国北部的旅行已经过半。
6. I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my election.【答案】我的当选是他成全的，对此我过去很感激，现在仍然很感激。
7. Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through small drops of water in thesky.【答案】彩虹是阳光透过空气中的小水珠时形成的。
华南理工大学 华南理工2009年213德语 考研真题及答案解析
213华南理工大学2009年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（请在答题纸上做答，试卷上做答无效，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：德语适用专业：英语语言文学，外国语言学及应用语言学共页一．选择正确答案（每题1分，共30分）1. Wir sind _______ Ansicht, dass er heute nach Hause ist .a. dasb. desc. derd. die2.Gestern abend haben meine Freunde _______ Herrn Schmitz Abschied genommen.a. anb. mitc. zud. von3. Computer gewinnen in der heutigen Welt immer mehr _______ Bedeutung .a. anb. vonc. zud. für4. In diesem Museum _______ jetzt viele modernste Apparate zu sehen .a. istb. sindc. könnend. werden5. Mediennutzung ist zu einer Schlüsselfähigkeit geworden , ohne _______ wir nichtmehr leben können .a. dasb. diec. wasd. sie6. In dem _______ Industrieland wird die Umwelt verschmutzt.a. hochentwickelndenb. hochentwickeltenc. hochentgewickeltend. hochgeentwickelten7. Metall _______ besser als Holz .a. leistetb. gehtc. leitetd. führt8. Herr Wang möchte wissen, _______ ihr gestern gesprochen habt.a. darüberb. womitc. worumd. worüber9. Möchten Sie in Deutschland studieren ? Ja , je früher , _______ besser .a. destob. auchc. aberd. dass10. Seiner Meinung _______ waren sie alle fleißig .a. mitb. nachc. zud. in11. Uns _______ von dem Ingenieur geholfen worden.a. hatb. istc. habend. sind12. Wer diesen Satz noch nicht versteht , _______ erkläre ich es noch einmal.a. sieb. denc. derd. dem13. Wir leben in der Zeit , _______ sich die Wirtschaft schnell entwickelt .a. dab. diec. wod. wohin14. Er weiß es natürlich, doch er tut so, _______ wüsste er es nicht .a. alsb. wiec. obd. dass15.Wann hast du das Nachricht ________ der Zeitung gelesen?a. aufb. anc. ind. bei16. Beim Spielen _______ Kinder viel Lärm .a. habenb.sindc. gebend. machen17.Ich möchte _______ die Bilder ansehen .a. michb. mirc. sichd. meiner18. Herr Meyer hat in Guangzhou einen Bekannt_______ .a. –eb. –enc. –erd. –em19. Sie hat mir versprochen, dass _______.a. wird sie nicht mehr zu spät kommenb. nicht mehr zu spät wird sie kommenc. sie nicht mehr zu spät kommen wirdd. sie wird nicht mehr zu spät kommen20. Seine Wohnung besteht aus drei hell_______ Zimmern mit Küche und Bad.a. –enb. –ec. –erd. –em21. Es ist _______ , gut eine Fremdsprache zu lernen , als sie gedacht hat .a. schwierigb. schwierigec. schwierigerd. schwierigen22. Viele Leute sitzen jetzt _______ vor dem Fernseher als gehen ins Kino .a. gernb. gernerc. am liebstend. lieber23. Ich will eine Arbeit finden, _______ der die Eltern zufrieden sind.a. mitb. zuc. vond. aus24. Letztes Jahr kam ich in meine Heimat zurück , und sie sah ganz anders aus , _______ich mir vorgestellt hatte .a. dassb. wiec. alsd. wenn25. Der Roman scheint viel gelesen _______ .a. zu habenb. zu werdenc. werdend. zu sein26. _______ Zukunft wird der Lohn sicher von dem Arbeitsergebnis abhängen .a. Nachb. Zuc. Ind. Für27.Er hat dabei etwas Wichtig _______ vergessen .a. –esb. –ec. –end. –28.Das im 2. Weltkrieg _______ Dorf ist noch schöner aufgebaut worden .a. zerstörteb. zerstörtesc. gezerstörted. zergestörte29. Die Polizisten bringen den Verkehr in _______.a. Guteb. Sicherheitc. Reihed. Ordnung30. Sie ist sehr traurig . Was ist denn _______ ihr los ?a. zub. fürc. mitd. von二、句型转换（每题1.5分，共9分）A.将下列简单句改为主从复合句1. Durch die öffentliche Diskussion über den Umweltschutz achtet man mehr aufdie Umwelt .2. Er will sein Auto prüfen lassen. Zu diesem Zweck bringt er es in die Werkstatt.3. Ohne das Essen koennte man nicht leben.B. 将下列句子转换成被动态1.V or drei Monaten hat der Betrieb die Produkte in die Welt geliefert.2. Benutzen Sie öffentliches Verkehrsmittel, um pünktlich zur Arbeit zu gehen!3. Gewässer erfüllen auch die Bedürfnisse der Menschen nach Freizeit und Erholung.Deshalb soll man sich überlegen , wie man besser unsere Gewässer schutzen kann.三、阅读理解（共36分）A. 阅读短文，选出正确的答案(每题1分，共15分)China hat einschliesslich Taiwan eine Fläche von etwa 9,65 Millionen Quadratkilometern und fast so groß（ 1 ）Europa .China misst in seiner längsten Ausdehnung von Osten（ 2 ）Westen mehr als 5000 Kilometer. In nord-südlicher Richtung erstreckt sich China über mehr als 5500 Kilometer . China grenzt im Osten an Korea , im Norden an die Mongolei und die GUS（独联体） , im Westen an Afghanistan und Pakistan , im Südwesten an Indien , Nepal , Bhutan und Sikkim und im Süden an Burma , Laos und Vietnam . Die längste gemeinsame Gerenze hat es mit der GUS；sie beträgt 7800 Kilometer .Geographisch （地理的）（ 3 ）sich China in fünf Teile gliedern : Ostchina besteht aus Ebenen und Hügeln und hat ein verhältnismäßig feuchtes Klima , Westchina besteht aus trockenen , dünn besiedelten hohen Bergen und Hochebenen . Zwischen den längsten Flüssen Chinas , dem Gelben Fluss und dem Yangtse, ist die Mitte Chinas , die den Norden vom Süden trennt . Nördlich vom Gelben Fluß ist Nordchina .Drei Viertel der Fläche Chnas besteht aus Bergen und unfruchtbaren Hochebenen , （ 4 ）mehr als 1000 Meter über dem Meersspiegel（海拔）liegen. Nur sechstel der Fläche sind Ebenen.China ist reich an Bodenschätzen （宝藏）und auch große Reserven an Erdöl. （ 5 ）Hauptstadt der V olksrepublik Chinas ist Beijing . Sie steht mit einer Einwohnerzahl von 13,82 Millionen（ 6 ）dem dritten Platz . Die größste Stadt Chinas ist Chongqing mit einer Einwohnerzahl von 30,90 Millionen . Beijing hat eine sehr lange Geschichte , deshalb gibt es hier viele（ 7 ）Sehenswürdigkeiten , zum Beispiel ,die Großen Mauer, die in （ 8 ）Welt bekannt ist. Außerdem gibt es noch den Kaiserpalast , den Himmelstempel , den Sommerpalast usw.1. a. wie b. von c. als d. mit2. a. gegen b. zu c. nach d. in3. a. lässt b. lasst c. lässet d. lassen4. a. Sie b. die c. der d. den5. a. Eine b. Das c. Der d. Die6. a. auf b in c. zu d. über7. a. alter b. alten c. alte d. altes8. a. dem b. das c. die d. derDas Deutsche Museum heißt mit vollem Namen “Deutsches Museum von Meisterwerken der Naturwisenschaft und Technik”. Viele sagen, ( 9 ) ist einmalig auf der Welt. Zwar ( 10 ) 80% des Museums im Weltkrieg zerstört, aber nur 20% der Stücke gingen verloren. Bevor die Bomben fielen, ( 11 ) sie in Sicherheit gebracht worden.Das Besondere am Deutschen Museum ist aber nicht nur , was es zeigt , sondern auch , wie es das zeigt. Oskar v. Miller, der “Vater” des Deutschen Museums , hatte vor etwa 100 Jahren ( 12 ) normales Museum aufgebaut. Er hatte die großen Gebiete der Naturwissenschaft und Technik durch bewegte Modelle und systematische Ordnung so aufgeliedert,( 13 ) der Besucher von den ersten Anfängen und primitiven Erfindungen durch die Jahrhunderte bis zum neuesten technischen Produkt ( 14 ) wird. Viele der Modelle und Apparate können die Besucher mit eigener Hand betätigen .Insgesamt kommen jährlich etwa 1,5 Millionen Besucher aus aller Welt in das Deutsche Museum , ( 15 ) es in der ganzen Welt berühmt geworden ist .9. a. es b. sie c. er d. was10. a. werden b. wird c. wurden d. worden11. a. hatten b. haben c. sind d. waren12. a. nicht b. kein c. keine d. keinem13. a. wie b. dass c. wenn d. was14. a. geführt b. geführen c. geführtet d. führen15. a. worum b. woran c. worin d. wodurchB. 阅读短文，选择出与课文内容一致的正确答案(每题1.5分，共15分)SportWenn man als sein Hobby Sport nennt, kann das sehr Verschiedenes bedeuten: entweder man treibt selbst Sport, d.h. man beschäftigt sich aktiv mit mindestens einer Spotart, oder man erlebt Sport als Zuschauer.Der Sport hat zwei Seiten, die häufig verwechselt werden, obwohl sie sich deutlich unterscheiden. Ob man selbst aktiv Sport treibt oder nur als Zuschauer teilnimmt, hängt von der Situation ab, in der man lebt: also von der Gesellschaft, von der Erziehung, vonden eigenen Erfahrungen und von den Möglichkeiten, die einem die Umwelt, der Wohnort bietet.Sport treiben kann man aus verschiedenen Gründen: weil man gesund bleiben will, weil es Spaβ macht oder weil man mit Freunden und Bekannten gern etwas gemeisam unternimmt. V or allem muss man aber Freude an der Bewegung haben. Ein Angestellter, der den ganzen Tag am Schreibtisch sitzt, leidet（忍受）daunter, dass er nicht genug Bewegung hat. Garade deshalb findet er Vergnügen daran, einzelnoder in der Gruppe zu laufen, radzufahren, zu schwimmen oder zu turnen . Wenn das auch noch etwas anstrengt , so hat es den V orteil, dass er dabei Gewicht verliert; viele in der Bundesrepublik haben sich eben aus diesem Grund entschlossen, mit irgendeiner Sportart anzufangen und ihren Köper zu trainieren（训练）.1.A) Bei jeder Sportart braucht man Zuschauer.B) Zwischen Sport und Hobby gibt es keinen Unterschied.C) Sport bedeutet nicht für alle das gleiche.2. A) Die Erziehung ist der einzige Grund, warum man im Sport aktiv ist.B) Es gibt keinen Grund daür, dass man im Sport passiv bleibt.C) Es gibt verschiedene Gründe, warum man im Sport aktiv ist oder passiv bleibt.3. A) Das Wichtigste ist, dass man sich gern bewegt.B) Das Wichtigste ist, dass man sportliche Freude hat.C) Wenn man gesund ist, braucht man keinen Sport.4. A) Büroarbeit ist für Angestellte nicht genug.B) Büroarbeit ist für Angestellte schon genug.C) Büroarrbeit lässt zu wenig Zeit für Sport.5. A) Viele gehen zum Sport, um dünner zu werden.B) Viele gehen zum Sport, um ihr Gewicht zu erhöhen.C) Viele gehen zum Sport, um zu gewinnen.Wer wählt bei Ihnen das Fernsehprogramm aus?In vielen Familien gibt es häutig abends unzufriedens Gesichter , nämlich wenn ein Fernsehprogramm nicht dem Geschmack (口味) aller Familiemitglieder entspricht . Wer bestimmt nun in einer Familie , welches Programm im Fernsehen eingestellt wird ? Eine Umfrage des Allensbacher Instituts für Demoskopie (民意测验) enthüllte (揭开) durchaus (一定)patriarchalische (家长式的) Fernsehgewohnheiten in deutschen Haushaltungen , in 45 Prozent aller Familien wird gesehen , was der Hausherr wünscht , nur in 15 Prozent der Fälle kann sich die Hausfrau durchsetzen . In jeder achten Familie richtet man sich nach den Wünschen der Kinder , Großeltern oder sonstiger Hausgenossen. 28 Prozent einigen sich(取得一致) von Fall zu Fall . Bei Eltern mit höherer Schulbildung haben die Kinder ein größeres Mitspracherecht bei der Programmauswahl . Es erhöht sich zu Lasten des Vatersauf 18 Prozent . Diese Zahlen stimmen nachdenklich , denn eigentlich müßte es auch bei diesem Thema in den Familien demokratischer zugehen .6. In vielen Familien gibt es häutig abends unzufriedens Gesichter,a) wenn das Fernsehprogramm nicht beim Essen gesendet wird .b) wenn nicht alle Familiemitglieder das Fernsehprogramm gern haben .c) wenn nicht alle alle Familiemitglieder zusammen ein Fernsehprogramm sehenkönnen .d) wenn nicht alle Familiemitglieder zu Hause sind .7.Nur in 15 Prozent der Fälle kann sich die Hausfrau durchsetzen.Dieser Satz bedeutet :a) Nur in 15 Prozent aller Familien kann die Hausfrau bestimmen , welchesProgramm im Fernsehen eingestellt wird.b) Nur in 15 Prozent der Fälle muß die Hausfrau nach den Wünschen des Hausherrnrichten .c) Nur in 15 Prozent aller Familien kann die Hausfrau das Programm aussuchen ,wenn der Hausherr nicht zu Hause ist .d) Nur in 15 Prozent der Fälle kann die Hausfrau nicht selbst das Fernsehprogrammeinstellen .8.Prozent ……..a)sehen nach dem Geschmack des einzelnen fern .b) berücksichtigen abwechselnd die Wünsche der Familiemitglieder .c) wählen das Programm nur für die Anwesenden .d) streiten sich vor dem Film .9.Dass die Kinder ein größeres Mitspracherecht bei der Programmauswahl haben,a)Ist der Vater damit nicht einverstanden .b)Ist eine Last für den Vater .c)Kann der Vater nicht mehr ertragen .d)Vermindert sich das Recht des Vaters .10.Diese Zahlen stimmen nachdenklich .Das heißt:a)Diese Zahlen sind falsch .b)Diese Zahlen sind richtig .c)An diese Zahlen hat man nicht gedacht .d)Diese Zahlen lassen uns überlegen ,C. 阅读下列短文，用德语回答三个问题（每题2分，共6分）KurzarbeitIst Kurzarbeit die V orstufe zu Massenentlassungen (大批裁员) und Rezession（经济衰退)? Dieser Ruf haftet der Kurzarbeit an , aber es muß nicht immer gleich so weit kommen. Kurzarbeit ist zunächst einmal nur die Herabsetzung (削减) der Arbeitszeit unter das gewohnte Maß bei entsprechender Kürzung des Lohnes . Sie ist eine vorsorgliche Maßnahme , die Entlassungen vermeiden helfen soll , wenn die Aussicht besteht , dass die wissenschaftlichen Schwiierigkeiten vorübergehender Natur sind .Die Einführung der Kurzarbeit ist nach dem neuen Betriebverfassungsgesetz mitbestimmungspflichtig( 有共同决定义务的) , der Arbeitgeber braucht das Einverständnis des Betiebsrats(企业工会) . Der Antrag des Unternehmen an das Arbeitsamt muß rechtzeitig gestellt werden und die Arbeitszeitverkürzung begrenzen .Das örtliche Arbeitsamt prüft dann , ob der Arbeitsausfall wirtschaftliche Ursachen hat und außerhalb der Unternehmensverantwortung liegt . Bei schwierigen Fällen werden die Landesarbeitsämter oder sogar die Bundesanstalt für Arbeit eingeschaltet . Die Arbeitsämter haben deshalb ein Wort mitzureden , weil sie das Kurzarbeitsgeld zahlen .Die Höhe des Kurzarbeitsgeldes richtet sich in der Regel nach dem ohne Arbeitsausfall（缺勤）zu erzielenden Nettoarbeitsentgelt（纯酬劳）. Für die ausgefallenden Arbeitsstunden zahlt die Bundesanstalt für Arbeit einen Differenzbetrag , der aber die Höhe des normalen Stundenlohnes nicht erreicht . Da von ihm jedoch keine Abzüge erhoben werden , hat der Kurzarbeiter nach Angaben der Bundesanstalt annähernd den Betrag , den er bei normaler Arbeitszeit bekommen hähhe .11.Was ist Kurzarbeit ?12.Was muß der Arbeitgeber machen ,wenn er Kurzarbeit einführen will ?13.Wie hoch ist das Kurzarbeitsgeld ?四、翻译（25分）A. 译成德语(每题2.5分，共10分)1．无论如何我会在这里等到你回来。
东华理工大学2018年硕士生入学考试初试试题
东华理工大学2018年硕士生入学考试初试试题科目代码： 840 ; 科目名称：《综合英语》；（ A 卷）适用专业（领域）名称：学科教学（英语）Part I Reading Comprehension (50%，2.5*20)In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Text AThe bag is one of the most simple and useful things in the world. It is a container made of paper or cloth. It has given the world many strange expressions that are not very simple. Some of them are used in the United States today.One is “bagman”. It describes a go-between. The go-between sees to it that money is passed — often illegally — from one person to another. Another widely-used expression is to “let the cat out of the bag”. It is used when someone tells something that was supposed to be secret. No one can explain how the cat got into the bag. But there is an old story about it.Long ago tradesmen sold things in large cloth bags. One day a woman asked for a pig. The tradesman held up a cloth bag with something moving inside it. He said it was a live pig. The woman asked to see it. When the dishonest tradesman opened the bag, out jumped a cat — not a pig. The tradesman’s secret was out. He was trying to trick her. And now everybody knew it.The phrase “to be left holding the bag” is as widely used as the expression “to let the cat out of the bag”. This expression makes the person left holding the bag responsible for an action, often a crime or misdeed. That person is the one who is punished. The others involved in the act escape. Where the expression came from is not clear. Some say that General George Washington used it during the American Revolutionary War. One of Washington’s officers, Royall Taylor, used the expression in a play about Daniel Shay’s rebellion. The play was in 1787, after Taylor helped to put down Shay’s rebellion.Shay led a thousand war veterans in an attack on a federal building in Springfield, Massachusetts. Guns were in the building. Some of the protesters were farmers who had no money to buy seed. Some had been put in prison for not paying their debts. They were menwho fought one war against the king of England, and were now prepared to fight against their own government. Most of the rebels were captured. Shay and some of the officers escaped.In his play, Taylor describes Shay as disappearing, giving others “the bag to hold”.A bag is useful in many ways. Just be careful not “to let the cat out of the bag”, or someone may leave you “holding the bag”.1. According to the passage, a bagman refers to _________________.A) a person who travels around carrying his things in a bag B) a vagrant workerC) a person who delivers or collects money for criminals D) a homeless person2. Which of the following is TRUE concerning the story about “let the cat out of the bag”?A) The tradesman wanted to play a joke with the woman.B) The woman wanted to buy a cat.C) The tradesman kept a cat in a plastic bag.D) The tradesman lied to the woman that he had a live pig in the bag.3. What can we infer from the story “to be left holding the bag”?A) The person left holding the bag was completely innocent.B) The person left holding the bag took no responsibility for committing crimes.C) Many farmers protested against the government because they couldn’t pay their debts.D) Many protesters became the scapegoats for Shay and his officers.4. What does the last sentence of this passage mean?A) A bag has many different functions.B) People should often keep secret or they will be left to take the responsibility for everything.C) People should watch out and learn to take the responsibility for their actions.D) You will have to hold the bag if you let the cat out of it.5. The best title for this passage is ________________.A) Don’t Let the Cat Out of the Bag B) To Be Left Holding a BagC) Words and Their Stories: Bag Expressions D) Bag: A Useful ContainerText BTraditional plant breeding involves crossing varieties of the same species in ways they could cross naturally．For example，disease-resistant varieties of wheat have been crossed with high-yield wheat to combine these properties．This type of natural gene exchange is safe and fairly predictable．Genetic engineering（GE）involves exchanging genes between unrelated species that cannot naturally exchange genes with each other．GE can involve the exchange of genes between vastly different species—e.g. putting scorpion toxin genes into maize or fish antifreeze genes into tomatoes．It is possible that a scorpion toxin gene，even when it is in maize DNA，will still get the organism to produce scorpion toxin, but what other effects may it have in this alien environment？We are already seeing this problem—adding human growth hormone genes to pigs certainly makes them grow—but it also gives them arthritis and makes them cross-eyed，which was entirely unpredictable．It will be obvious，for example，that the gene for human intelligence will not have the same effect if inserted into cabbage DNA as it had in human DNA, but what side-effect would it have？In other words，is GM food safe to eat？The answer is that nobody knows because long-term tests have not been carried out．Companies wanting a GM product approved in the UK or U.S. are required to provide regulatory bodies with results of their own safety tests．Monsanto’s soya beans were apparently fed to fish for ten weeks before being approved．There was no requirement for independent testing，for long-term testing，for testing on humans or testing for specific dangers to children or allergic people．The current position of the UK Government is that “There is no evidence of long-term dangers from GM foods.” In the U.S.，the American Food and Drug Administration (AFDA) is currently being prosecuted for covering up research that suggested possible risks from GM foods．6. Genetic engineering .A) involves crossing varieties of the same speciesB) is safe and fairly predictableC) is dangerous and entirely unpredictableD) covers the exchange of genes between different species7. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A) The side-effect of adding human growth hormone to pigs is that pigs may acquire somediseases of human.B) Human intelligence gene functions differently in human DNA and in cabbage DNA.C) In the UK or U.S., a GM product cannot be approved before the results of its safetytests are provided.D) Tests show that GM foods have specific dangers to children or allergic people.8. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A) There is no evidence of long-term dangers from GM foods.B) The UK government and the U.S. government have different attitudes towards GMfoods.C) The AFDA in the U.S. was charged with concealing some research findings.D) The governments of the UK and the U.S. are protecting the GM foods.9. The possible title for the passage might be .A) Safe to Eat? B) GM Food NeedsC) Genetic Engineering D) A New Way of Breeding10. What’s the writer’s attitude towards GM food?A) Neutral. B) Positive. C) Negative. D) Indifferent. Text CFaces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child－or even an animal, such as a pigeon－can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone’s personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a “nice face” looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so.But if you were asked to describe a “nice person,” you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth.There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon Allport, an American psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words characterizing differences in people’s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing, his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types---- people are described with such terms.People have always tried to “type” each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain’s or the hero’s role. In fact, the words “person” and “personality” come from the Latin persona, meaning “mask”. Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the “good guys” from the “bad guys” because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.11. The main idea of this passage is ____________.A) how to distinguish people’s facesB）how to describe people’s personalityC) how to distinguish people both inward and outwardD) how to differ good persons from bad persons12. The author is most probably a _________.A) behaviorist B) psychologist C) sociologist D) scientist13. Which of the following is NOT true?A) Different people may have different personalities.B) People differ from each other in appearance.C) People can learn to recognize faces.D) People can describe all the features of others.14. The reason why it is easier to describe a person’s personality in words than his face is that________.A) a person’s face is more complex than his personalityB) a person’s personality is easily distinguishedC) a person’s personality is very complexD) many words are available when people try to describe one’s personality15. W e learn from the passage that people classify a person into a certain type according to________.A) his way of acting and thinking B) his way of speaking and behavingC) his learning and behavior D)his physical appearance and hispersonalityText DIt is often helpful when thinking about biological processes to consider some apparently similar yet better understood non-biological process. In the case of visual perception an obvious choice would be colour photography. Since in many respects eyes resemble cameras, and percepts photographs, is it not reasonable to assume that perception is a sort of photographic process whereby samples of the external world become spontaneously and accurately reproduced somewhere inside our heads? Unfortunately, the answer must be no. The best that can be said of the photographic analogy is that it points up what perception is not. Beyond this it is superficial and misleading. Four simple experiments should make the matter plain.In the first a person is asked to match a pair of black and white discs, which are rotating at such a speed as to make them appear uniformly grey. One disc is standing in shadow, the other in bright illumination. By adjusting the ratio of black to white in one of the discs the subject tries to make it look the same as the other. The results show him to be remarkably accurate, for it seems he has made the proportion of black to white in the brightly illuminated disc almost identical with that in the disc which stood in shadow. But there is nothing photographic about his perception, for when the matched discs, still spinning, are photographed, the resulting print shows them to be quite dissimilar in appearance. The disc in shadow is obviously very much darker than the other one. What has happened? Both the camera and the person were accurate, but their criteria differed. One might say that the camera recorded things as they look, and the person things as they are. But the situation is manifestly more complex than this, for the person also recorded things as they look. He did better than the camera because he made them look as they really are. He was not misled by the differences in illumination. He showed perceptual constancy. By reason of an extremely rapid, wholly unconscious piece of computation he received a more accurate record of theexternal world than could the camera.In the second experiment a person is asked to match with a colour card the colours of two pictures in dim illumination. One is of a leaf, the other of a donkey. Both are coloured an equal shade of green. In making his match he chooses a much stronger green for the leaf than for the donkey. The leaf evidently looks greener than the donkey. The percipient makes a perceptual world compatible with his own experience. It hardly needs saying that cameras lack this versatility.In the third experiment hungry, thirsty and satiated people are asked to equalize the brightness of pictures depicting food, water and other objects unrelated to hunger or thirst. When the intensities at which they set the pictures are measured it is found that hungry people see pictures relating to food as brighter than the rest (i.e. to equalize the pictures they make the food ones less intense), and thirsty people do likewise with “drink” pictures. For the satiated group no differences are obtained between the different objects. In other words, perception serves to satisfy needs, not to enrich subjective experience. Unlike a photograph the percept is determined by more than just the stimulus.The fourth experiment is of a rather different kind. With ears plugged, their eyes beneath translucent goggles and their bodies either encased in cotton wool, or floating naked in water at body temperature, people are deprived for considerable periods of external stimulation. Contrary to what one might expect, however, such circumstances result not in a lack of perceptual experience but rather a surprising change in what is perceived. The subjects in such an experiment begin to see, feel and hear things which bear no more relationship to the immediate external world than does a dream in someone who is asleep. These people are not asleep yet their hallucinations, or so-called ‘autistic’ perceptions, may be as vivid, if not more so, than any normal percept.16. In the first paragraph, the author suggests that _______.A. colour photography is a biological processB. vision is rather like colour photographyC. vision is a sort of photographic processD. vision and colour photography are very different17. In the first experiment, it is proved that a person _______.A. makes mistakes of perception and is less accurate than a cameraB. can see more clearly than a cameraC. is more sensitive to changes in light than a cameraD. sees colours as they are in spite of changes in the light18. The second experiment shows that ________.A. people see colours according to their ideas of how things should lookB. colours look different in a dim lightC. cameras work less efficiently in a dim lightD. colours are less intense in larger objects19. What does “to equalize the brightness” (Line 1, Para. 4) mean?A. To arrange the pictures so that the equally bright ones are together.B. To change the lighting so that the pictures look equally bright.C. To describe the brightness.D. To move the pictures nearer or further away.20. The group of experiments, taken together, proves that human perception is _______.A. unreliableB. mysterious and unpredictableC. less accurate than a cameraD. related to our knowledge, experience and needsPart II Translation ( 50 Points)Section A :For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.（30%）1812年春，拿破仑在俄国边境屯兵60万。