浅谈苔丝形象
解读《苔丝》.doc
解读《苔丝》——一个纯洁的女人苔丝，美丽天真的乡村少女，拥有大自然纯朴的本性，甚至是“圣母玛丽亚”的圣洁形象，有着顽强的生命力，以独有的方式和命运抗争，却被逼得走投无路，慢慢走向毁灭，度过了悲剧的一生。
苔丝的父亲是个小贩，懒散而愚昧虚荣，母亲先是挤奶工，后来洗衣，庸俗浅薄，不谙世事，共姐弟七人，家庭的沉重一开始就给她的命运笼上了阴影，家庭贫困成为她悲剧的重要因素，社会把她逼上了绝境。
她不惜抛下自尊去认“本家”，到养鸡场做工，才会使她失身于亚雷，“从此以后一道深不可测的社会鸿沟就把我们的女主人公的品行人格跟当初那个离开母亲的大门到川特城奇来碰碰运气的姑娘分隔了开来。
”，这是她心灵上不可愈合的伤口，也是她思想上一个沉重的包袱，亚雷残酷地玷污了自然之花，把苔丝推上了悲剧之路。
失身之后，社会所有的贞操观念深刻影响着她的生活，最终成为她悲剧的思想根源。
人们歧视她，而她自己则怀着一种犯罪感、内疚感、自卑感，不敢面对自己心爱的人。
在她父亲死后，一家人被扫地出门，她不得不以牺牲自己的人格为代价当亚雷的情妇，从而换取家人的安顿，自己却陷入了火炕，沦为一个得过且过，受人鄙视的少妇，也失去了与悔悟后的克莱重聚的可能。
在绝望的情况下，她把一切归为亚雷给她带来的失贞，用刀子杀死了他，这是她内心反抗的必然结果。
苔丝和克莱的爱情是个悲剧，两人吃尽了苦头，绕了一大圈又回到原点，只是苔丝选择了死亡来成全他们美好的爱情，终究到底是一场空。
苔丝承受的苦难远远大于克莱，她内心的彷徨无助克莱永远体会不到，而受尽苦难的她实际上什么都没得到，受尽了侮辱，最后却把克莱托给自己的妹妹。
克莱对苔丝的爱具有初恋的纯洁、炽热与真诚，深深地为她的天真、纯朴所倾倒，“真是浑身洋溢着诗意；她就是诗的化身，她过的就是诗的生活——那种生活，舞文弄墨的诗人只能在纸上写写罢了”。
他是持着尊重的态度、郑重的婚姻意识接近苔丝的，在遭到拒绝时虽很痛苦，却仍然耐心等待。
新婚之夜，当苔丝向他坦白受伤的过去时，一向思想开明的克莱却陷入了深深的痛苦之中，当确定这一切都已无法挽回时，他选择了逃避，无情地伤害了苔丝，使苔丝的悲剧更具有了悲剧特质。
歌剧《奥赛罗》苔丝德蒙娜的人物性格与主要唱段分析
歌剧《奥赛罗》苔丝德蒙娜的人物性格与主要唱段分析歌剧《奥赛罗》苔丝德蒙娜的人物性格与主要唱段分析《奥赛罗》是意大利作曲家威尔第的一部著名歌剧，作于1887年，是基于莎士比亚的同名悲剧改编而成。
在故事中，苔丝德蒙娜（Desdemona）是女主角，她以纯真善良、顽强坚毅的性格形象深入人心。
通过对苔丝德蒙娜的人物性格以及她的主要唱段进行分析，可以更好地理解这一角色在歌剧中的重要性。
首先，在塑造苔丝德蒙娜的人物性格时，威尔第赋予其纯真善良的品质。
她是歌剧中的无瑕疵的女性形象，善良而忠诚。
她对她的丈夫奥赛罗（Othello）全心全意，无条件地爱着他。
在歌剧中，她的唱段中流露出的爱和关怀可以深深触动观众的心灵。
其次，苔丝德蒙娜展现了她的坚毅和勇气。
面对丈夫对她的怀疑和误会，她从未动摇过对他的爱。
她不辞辛劳地试图解释和澄清一切，只为证明自己的清白和对奥赛罗的忠诚。
在第三幕的唱段“赐我你手我的爱人”（Give me your hand, my dear love），苔丝德蒙娜表达了她在命运面前的坚强姿态，她愿意将自己的命运交付给奥赛罗，向他表明自己的真诚和坚定。
此外，苔丝德蒙娜还展现出她的善良和同情心。
在歌剧中，她是无辜的受害者，但她从未因此而埋怨或嘲笑他人。
相反，她对他人的遭遇和痛苦充满同情。
在第四幕的唱段“同情之心”（Ainsi que la blanche colombe），苔丝德蒙娜的声音充满了温柔和慈爱，表达了她对他人痛苦的同情之情。
在苔丝德蒙娜的主要唱段中，可以看到她的性格特点得到了很好地体现。
例如，在第一幕中的唱段“愿你的日子永远平安”（Salute, reveal to me the joy and tranquility）中，苔丝德蒙娜展现了她的温柔和爱心。
她用优美的旋律传达出她对奥赛罗一直以来的关怀和爱意。
在第二幕的唱段“思念甜蜜的花”（Willow Song）中，苔丝德蒙娜通过温柔而悲伤的旋律，表达出她对即将来临的不幸的预感，同时也展现了她的忧伤和无助。
浅析苔丝与简爱的悲剧命运
浅析苔丝与简爱的悲剧命运《苔丝与简爱》是英国文学史上两部备受赞誉的作品，作者是托马斯·哈代和夏洛蒂·勃朗特。
虽然这两部小说风格迥异，情节各异，但它们都讲述了女主角的悲剧命运。
接下来，我们将对苔丝与简爱的悲剧命运进行浅析。
我们来看看苔丝在《苔丝》中遭遇的悲剧命运。
苔丝是一个家境贫寒，却心地善良、聪慧的女孩。
她一心想要改变贫困的生活，最终成为了农场主丹西的情人。
但命运却对她不公，她的清白遭到了丹西的侵犯，最终被抛弃，不得不为自己的孩子独自撑起一片天。
在当时的社会，这样的遭遇对于一个女性来说是无法想象的痛苦，苔丝最终选择了结束自己的生命。
她的悲剧命运凸显了当时英国社会对于贫苦女性的不公，也反映了当时女性地位的脆弱和无助。
相比之下，简爱在《简爱》中的命运同样充满了悲剧色彩。
简爱是一个坚强独立、机智聪慧的女性，她在成长过程中经历了太多的磨难。
从小失去父母，被亲戚家当成了家奴，遭受了各种诋毁和歧视。
在洛彻斯特先生的爱情中，简爱经历了悲惨的婚姻，最终被他的负心丈夫抛弃，不得不独自一人在广阔的世界上漂泊。
即便在无助困境中，简爱始终坚强地面对自己的命运，在绝望中寻找希望，在苦难中寻求解脱，最终获得了自己的幸福。
从这两部小说中可以看出，苔丝和简爱的命运都是悲剧的，她们在不公正的社会和残酷的命运中遭受了无尽的磨难，但她们对于命运的不屈不挠和追求幸福的精神却让人敬佩。
两位女主角的悲剧命运反映了当时英国社会对于女性的不公正和压迫，她们的悲惨遭遇呼吁着社会的关注和改变。
而她们的坚强与不屈也启示着人们要勇敢地面对生活，坚持自己的信仰，追求自己的幸福，永不放弃。
值得注意的是，尽管遭遇了命运的摧残，苔丝与简爱最终走上了不同的道路。
苔丝选择了结束自己的生命，走上了一条更加悲惨的道路；而简爱却选择了坚持并寻求自己的幸福，最终获得了自己的幸福。
这种选择的背后，反映了作者对于女性命运的不同理解和对于人生态度的不同看法。
_德伯家的苔丝_的现代意义_从人性角度对苔丝和嘉莉进行对照分析
_德伯家的苔丝_的现代意义_从人性角度对苔丝和嘉莉进行对照分析《德伯家的苔丝》是英国作家托马斯·哈代创作的一部小说，也是其代表作之一、故事讲述了一个女主角苔丝·格雷弗斯的一生，她在命运的捉弄下经历了从乡村中女佣到成为贵族的曲折经历，最终走向悲剧的人生。
苔丝是一个伟大的女性形象，她具有坚韧、勇敢和无私的品质。
她生活在一个男权社会中，面对各种挫折和不公平待遇，她始终不屈不挠，努力追求幸福和自由。
然而，苔丝的悲剧遭遇也凸显了社会对女性的不公平和歧视。
嘉莉则是苔丝的对照人物，她是一个完全相反的女性形象。
嘉莉是一个自私、自利且缺乏同情心的人，她利用自己的美貌和社会地位来追求自己的目标，不顾他人的感受和需求。
从人性角度来看，苔丝代表着善良、无私和正直的一面，她始终坚守自己的原则和道德准则。
她不愿意妥协自己的尊严和自由，即使面对生活的压力和困难，她也不会放弃自己的追求。
苔丝的坚持也显示了人性中的一种积极力量，即使在逆境中也能保持纯真和善良。
相比之下，嘉莉代表了人性中的邪恶和自私。
她以自我为中心，无视他人的感受和权益，只追求自己的利益和欲望。
她利用自己的条件来达到自己的目标，无视他人的感受和需求。
嘉莉的自我中心和自利使她最终付出了代价，失去了真正的幸福和满足感。
从现代意义上看，苔丝和嘉莉的对比分析反映了现实社会中的一些问题。
女性的地位和权益是一个重要的话题，苔丝与嘉莉的对比展示了女性在社会中的不同选择和境遇。
苔丝代表了自尊自重和坚守原则的一面，她不愿意为了世俗的权力和地位而放弃自己的尊严和价值观。
而嘉莉则代表了物质和社会地位的追求，她无视个人的精神和情感需求，只看重表面的金钱和地位。
此外，苔丝与嘉莉的对比也反映了社会对女性美貌和外表的过度重视。
嘉莉凭借自己的美貌和社会地位来追求目标，而苔丝则更加重视内在的品质和道德准则。
这种对外表的过度关注使得人们对内心的价值和品质忽视，导致了人性中的自私和邪恶的一面得以发展。
《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的形象分析
摘要：哈代，英国批判现实主义文学的杰出代表，对19世纪后期英国文学的发展产生了重要的推动作用，其创作穿梭在现代与传统之间。
《德伯家的苔丝》作为哈代的代表作，女主人公的形象也深刻反映了哈代的女性观：哈代肯定女性拥有追求爱情的权利，肯定女性内心对社会的反抗，然而，他的女性观仍然具有矛盾性的特征，并没有摆脱男权文化的束缚。
本文在对小说进行分析的基础上，探讨了苔丝的形象。
关键词：哈代；《德伯家的苔丝》；形象一．哈代和《德伯家的苔丝》作为英国维多利亚时期优秀的小说家之一，哈代（1840-1928）在小说创作方面具有高超的创作艺术，在小说创作领域取得了重要成果，被后人称为“小说界的莎士比亚”，由此可见，其在小说创作领域的地位是非常高的。
哈代非常擅长刻画女性形象，他对女性形象的刻画对后世小说创作影响深远。
《德伯家的苔丝》是哈代的优秀作品之一，它已经成为读者喜爱的经典作品。
小说的女主人公苔丝，美丽单纯，对家庭有责任心，对爱情具有牺牲精神，她是英国当时社会具有传统美德女人的代表。
然而，她也是可怜的，她在婚前遭人诱奸而失去了宝贵的贞操，在遭遇了一系列不幸的事情之后，她走向了毁灭。
在哈代的笔下，苔丝是单纯的，美丽的，善良的，自立自强，并且敢于向社会抗争的女性。
我们可以认为苔丝是传统道德下社会的牺牲品，她是一个本性善良纯洁却被社会无情摧残的传统美丽女性。
《德伯家的苔丝》这部作品刻画的苔丝给读者以深刻的印象，并且引人深思。
二．苔丝的形象在哈代眼中，苔丝是纯洁的，是英国社会传统妇女的典型代表。
苔丝对爱情忠贞，对家庭负责，为了爱情义无反顾，但是最终沦为男权社会的牺牲品，不公平的社会观念导致苔丝这样一个美丽纯洁的女子，不能真正掌握自己的命运，最终走向了灭亡，沦为不公社会的牺牲品。
（一）纯洁善良，对家庭具有责任感的苔丝苔丝出生在一个贫穷的农民家庭，母亲虚荣且庸俗，父亲懒惰且无能，她的家庭是落魄的。
然而，这样的家庭还必须要养育五六个孩子，生活的贫苦是可想而知。
苔丝的人物性格分析[权威资料]
![苔丝的人物性格分析[权威资料]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/3adf78c7e45c3b3566ec8b3b.png)
苔丝的人物性格分析[权威资料] 苔丝的人物性格分析【摘要】英国著名作家哈代笔下的苔丝是一个美丽善良、质朴纯洁、敢于和封建落后思想斗争的农村妇女。
但是由于苔丝出生的时代背景，以及她在性格上的软弱和思想上的妥协致使其超出了自己能够承受的能力范围，最终沦为了一个封建道德的一个牺牲品。
本文将以苔丝的性格特点入手来分析造成其悲剧命运的根源。
【关键字】苔丝;性格分析引言:《德伯家的苔丝》是英国作家哈代的一部具有强烈现实讽刺意味的作品，同时它也是英国十九世纪后期批判现实主义的代表作。
威伯评价它是“英国文学中最伟大的作品之一”。
小说讲述了一位纯洁、善良、坚强并具有反抗精神的农村少女苔丝短暂而悲惨的一生。
鲁迅曾经说过:“悲剧是展示人们对有价值事物的破坏。
”【1】在小说中，苔丝敢于反抗当时社会的不公，却不能彻底摆脱传统道德对自身的羁绊，她的不幸遭遇主要是由女主人公的性格和心理矛盾造成的。
本文将重点从苔丝的性格入手来分析造成悲剧的根源。
一.小说梗概《德伯家的苔丝》塑造了一个善良、坚强的传统女性形象―苔丝，讲述了这样一个农家女子所经历过的悲惨遭遇:她热爱生活，向往忠贞的爱情，勇敢地面对窘境;她靠自己的努力去生活。
她却在一生中遭遇了接连的打击。
去特兰陵一个有钱的德伯维尔老太太那里去认亲，不料，被德伯维尔老太太的儿子亚力克奸污了有了身孕。
为此，苔丝受到了村民的嘲讽，不久刚出生的孩子也意外夭折。
濒临绝望的苔丝来到了一家奶牛场工作，并邂逅了在这里工作的克莱尔。
她们迅速陷入了爱河。
在结婚的那天晚上，苔丝讲述了自己的往事，但是丈夫克莱尔却并不理解苔丝的苦衷，丢下了苔丝远走高飞。
后来她的父亲逝世，一家人无依无靠，这时亚历克趁虚而入来纠缠不休，苔丝不得已委身于他。
克莱尔突然归来使苔丝受刺激最造成了她杀死亚历克的结局。
她的一生虽然短暂，但是种种悲惨遭遇却令人唏嘘不已。
“没有一个人不在读了《德伯家的苔丝》之后而不流下同情的眼泪，也没有人读了它以后而不具有宽大的胸怀和慈悲的精神”。
试论《德伯家的苔丝》中主要人物
试论《德伯家的苔丝》中主要人物《德伯家的苔丝》是英国著名作家托马斯·哈代的一部代表作。
在这部小说中，主要人物苔丝和亚雷克·德伯的形象深入人心，他们的性格、行为和命运构成了这部小说的核心。
苔丝是这部小说的女主角，她是一个美丽、单纯、善良的农村女孩。
她具有一种自然的美丽和青春的活力，这使得她在男性主导的社会中受到了不公平的待遇。
苔丝的美丽和纯洁成为了她的负担，因为她常常成为男性的目标，包括她的贵族亲戚亚雷克·德伯。
亚雷克·德伯是一个富有的贵族，他是一个放荡不羁、不受道德约束的人。
他对苔丝的美貌垂涎三尺，并不顾一切地要得到她。
他无视苔丝的意愿和感受，利用她的单纯和善良占有她，使她遭受了种种不幸。
然而，亚雷克·德伯也付出了一定的代价，他的行为给他带来了内疚和痛苦，他最终也无法得到苔丝的心。
除了这两个主要人物，小说中还有许多其他重要的人物。
例如苔丝的父母亲，他们虽然爱苔丝，但因为自己的利益和欲望，对女儿的遭遇无动于衷。
另外还有苔丝的丈夫安玑，他虽然爱苔丝，但因为自己的虚荣心和狭隘思想，无法理解苔丝的痛苦和无助。
这些人物的行为和命运都与苔丝和亚雷克·德伯密切相关。
他们的故事构成了一个复杂的社会背景，反映了当时英国社会的道德沦丧和人性扭曲。
通过这些人物，哈代深刻地揭示了当时社会的黑暗面，并提出了对道德、人性和女性地位的深刻思考。
《德伯家的苔丝》中的主要人物苔丝和亚雷克·德伯是两个鲜明、复杂的形象。
他们的故事揭示了当时英国社会的黑暗面，并对道德、人性和女性地位提出了深刻的思考。
这部小说不仅是一部文学巨著，也是一部反映社会现实的重要作品。
《德伯家的苔丝》是英国著名作家哈代的一部长篇小说，也是“威塞克斯系列”中的一部。
这部作品不仅描绘了当时英国社会的伪善和道德的扭曲，也展示了苔丝这位悲剧主人公的命运。
阿历克和苔丝，一个作为悲剧的始作俑者，一个作为悲剧的主角，在小说中共同构建了这部充满悲剧色彩的作品。
《德伯维尔家的苔丝》苔丝的人物性格分析 英语毕业论文
《德伯维尔家的苔丝》苔丝的人物性格分析摘要：托马斯·哈代、最有影响力的英语作家,建立了19及20世纪的文学形式。
他的代表作品,《德伯维尔家的苔丝》揭示了小说“性格与环境的精神”。
《德伯维尔家的苔丝》使哈代的文学创作取得了辉煌的成就。
哈代认为苔丝拥有女性的主要性格--纯洁,这使得他遇到激烈和严厉的批评,他们中的大多数人可以接受哈代的观点。
哈代的杰作《德伯维尔家的苔丝》描写了一个有痛苦经历的乡村女孩。
她用自己的双手去劳动,使人们感到她的真心。
她是一个“纯洁的女人”。
最后她以悲剧结束，人们讨论她的悲剧原因。
然而,她有一个强大的精神的战斗,反对社会、伪善的宗教。
她所做的一切就是放弃旧道德的社会,追求幸福的婚姻。
同时苔丝是一个纯洁的女人她对她的家庭和她的爱负责。
她已在世人面前表现她所受到的侮辱,这预示着一种抗强大的女人的形象。
AbstractThomas Hardy, one of the most influential English writers, helped forge a link between the 19th and 20th century literary tradition .Tess of the D’Urbervilles, one of his representative works, best reveals the “Novels of Character and Environment” spirit. Tess is the crowning achievement of Hardy’s literary creation.Hardy considers the main female character of Tess as “A pure woman”, which made him encounter fierce and harsh criticism, for most of them could accept Hardy’s view . Hardy’s masterpiece Tess of the D’Urbervilles describes the miserable experience of a rural girl. But too unfortunate to overthrow this girl who calls Tess, she relies on her own hands to work, moving people with her own sincerity. She is “a pure woman”. Finally she winds up with the tragedy, which is why people often discuss her as the source of the tragedy. However, she has a powerful spirit of fighting, fighting against the society, the hypocritical religion. All she did was to abandon the old ethical society and to pursuit a happy marriage. Meanwhile Tess is a pure woman and she is responsible for her family and her love. She has shown in front of common people her own practical action that she is insulted, which indicates a resisting powerful woman's images.Key words: revolt, compromise, a pure woman ,responsibilityA personality analysis of TessIntroductionThomas Hardy (1840-1928) was a Britain’s critical realism novelist and poet at the end of the 19th century. Hardy’s creation period includes carrying out the transition to the stage of imperialism from non- monopoly capitalism. His novel is filled with his background in homeland, including the near prefecture district. He has observed the agricultural crisis to fill in miserable consequence that the special prefecture causes in one, describe this regional peasant’s disaster received. Tess of the D’Urberville, is the first famous work of Britain outstanding realistic writer. Because Hardy had once had experience of living in the Ministry of Agriculture, he was extremely familiar with peasants’life, personality, custom, language, etc. Works of Hardy reflect capitalist factor invading Britain social economy, politics, morals, and enormous custom changes of under countryside, showed the miserable destiny of the rural working people of specific historical period. The theme of Hardy’s novel is to show the antinomy between people and society, personality and environment, especially through the description of issues such as love and marriage, displaying the individual confliction when people fight against social outmoded practice, religion law, morals custom. In his works, especially woman images in the works of him have deeply shown this characteristic. Tess of the D’Urbervilles, is the essential reflection of Hardy’s style and the society he wanted to show.Chapter One The Personality of Tess ----the Spirit ofRevolt1.1 Tess’s Fight to the Moribund Society1.1.1 The Moribund SocietyAs industrial movement swept England in the 19th century, People pour into countryside in crowds, as wild animal pray on like the animal occupying that land liberated. In a short period of time, Britain rural resident many times since the period of Louis 14, and the number of people is also running up. When the number of them has exceeded the urbanite, they have exercised an influence on urbanite again. So, the difference between the city and village becomes smaller and smaller, the urbanite’s thought and lively style make the village getting vigorous. 1Been classified as eliminating the differentials between town and country of the socialist goal by us all the time, it was that falling has been realized like this unexpectedly here. Especially, Woman has to oppress seriously from moribund society, it cause to grow spirit of revolt.1.1.2 Resistance of the Moribund SocietyBecause of the social reason, many people have to revolt. Tess is the one of these people. Tess hates the moribund society and Alec. When seeing Tess, he set the trap that has destroyed the young girl’s chaste and the happiness in all her life. Alec not only has essence and characteristic of the landlord class but also reflect the essential characteristic of the capitalist class. He thinks he has money and high social status, and Tess will like him. But he is wrong, Tess disdain to Alec, she is surrender to Alec, she isn’t marry to Alec as her mother ask for her, she says：“Perhaps any woman will, but I exception.” This prove that Tess resist with moribund social evil force. She wouldn’t wait impatiently to save herself from society fully, she would rather rely on her own efforts to be impractical on evil forceunder the foot. Beg that gives alms. When Alec requires Tess stay at his side, Tess responds him firmly. “Never, never! I made up my mind as soon as I saw--what I ought to have seen sooner, and I won’t come.” These also show Tess’s spirit of revolt to the moribund society. Until the fact that Angel come back, Tess break out finally, “And my sin will kill him and not kill me! ... O, you have torn my life all to pieces ... made me be what I prayed you in pity not to make me be again! ... My own true husband will never, never--O God--I can’t bear this! -- I cannot!”2 She has lifted the knife, killed Alec, as the severe reaction unjust to this society. Even if she has accepted the judgment of the death, she is quiet leaving finally, because she got the fairness of her heart at last, got the balance. There is only one effective method to reach the moribund resistance---kill Alce.1.2Resistance of the Traditional Moral Concept1.2.1The Traditional Moral ConceptTess lived in a small village where people’s concepts are traditional. They could not accept someone to violate the concept. If someone violate, they will disdain her. Angel, husband of Tess, is one of the representatives of traditional moral concepts, being even the main rea son that causes Tess’s tragedy. In his eyes, Tess is “what a fresh and pure daughter of nature that dairymaid is!” holy and pure, but Tess is to her honest experience abused on the past at the newly married night, because of his traditional moral concept, he has not forgiven Tess, as Tess did forgive his dissolute behavior. This shows a deep-rooted traditional chastity idea is still in his mind. Angle could not forgive Tess because there are some traditional concepts in his mind, but Tess forgives him. These prove Tess’s spirit for the traditional concepts.1.2.2Resistance of the Traditional Moral ConceptTess dare saying her own past bold, she believes whether a woman is pure or not, is not to look chastity, the more important thing is the soul and quality, Tess has not been defeated after suffering misfortune. Not crushed by the traditional morals ethics idea, she still has deep love for working, relying on herself to live. Clare forgives Tess when return after going out, which prove traditional failure of moral concept after all and make the final victory in resistance of Tess. In addition, after Tess has illegitimate children, she has not abandoned him, but bring him up until he died. Tess does not give consideration to the view of the people around, using her own practical action to show common people the purity of a woman losing virginity, which is resistance of her traditional moral concept to the old society too --W hether can’t evaluate the woman’s purity or not with the woman’s chastity. It is obvious, Tess with her industrious and simple and sincere and strong traditional moral concept of resistance, and has won the victory.1.3Resistance of the Hypocritical Religion1.3.1The Hypocritical ReligionBritain followed Christianity in the 19th century, the religion was a spiritual tool that was used for liberating the people on the surface. When people see through its hypocritical side, they will resist it. Tess is also the one who object to it when looks through it. Alec turns respectable for a time with the help of old pastor, and after he meets Tess, evil thought regenerated. Tess sees through the soul of the pastor, pointing out precisely: “Don’t go on with it!” she cried passionately, as she turned away from him to a stile by the wayside, on which she bent herself. “I can’t believe in such sudden things! I feel indignant with you for talking to me like this, when you know--when you know what harm you’ve done me! You, and those like you, take your fill of pleasure on earth by making the life of such as me bitterand black with sorrow, and then it is a fine thing, when you have had enough of that, to think of securing your pleasure in heaven by becoming converted! Out upon such--I don’t believe in you--I hate it!” It is obvious that Tess discontented with the hypocritical religion, and Alec utilizes the coat of the religion, making the obscene behavior, scorned by Tess, the severe reaction of Tess: “But I have not defended the weak woman of ability, Alec! I am still grasping the honor of a good person in the hand! --Think carefully --You do not feel ashamed! “This is Tess that reprimand to Alec frivolous act, pointing out Alec’s mask of “good person”. Not merely, she has also beaten back the harassing and wrecking of Alec. In addition, after illegitimate child of Tess fall ill, Tess forewarns the finishing of this light life, she ignores the restraint of the religious doctrine of the religion, and has done baptism for this child. But now that her moral sorrows were passing away, a fresh one arose on the natural side of her: she knew nothing about social law.3When she reached home she learned that the baby had been suddenly ill since the afternoon. Such collapse had been probable, so tender and puny was its frame, but the event came as a shock nevertheless. But no one to help her, they disdain her, so Tess think the religion is hypocritical.1.3.2 Resistance of the Hypocritical ReligionThe calmness, which had possessed Tess since the christening, remained with her in the infant’s loss. In the daylight, indeed, she felt her terrors about his soul to have been somewhat exaggerated, whether well founded or not she had no uneasiness now, reasoning that if Providence would not ratify such an act of approximation she, for one, did not value the kind of heaven lost by the irregularity--either for herself or for her child. She returns reasoning and says: “If God is unwilling to sanction this kind of close method on the whole of hers, that piece lost paradise have value can speak either because this kind does not conform to normal baptism then.” Therefore Tess believes if religion is true, equal, then have the so-called paradise, if the religion is unfair to people, is hypocritical, this is whatshe’s judgment of the religion false, at the same time it is the resistance of the hypocritical religion too, she believes real religion is true, real religion should adhere rigidly to the form, norm, otherwise would rather not believe. The above behaviors and speech have proved Tess to the hypocritical resistance of one side of religion effectively. She despises to the representative of religion hypocritical, and it shows her spirit of revolt extremely especially to hypocritical religion.1.4Resistance to the Unfortunate Marriage1.4.1The Unfortunate MarriageUnder parents’advice, under the pressure of the family life, Tess has entered into d’Urbervilles home, the haggling business, which had mainly depended on the horse, became disorganized forthwith. Durbeyfield was what was locally called a slack-twisted fellow, he had good strength to work at times, but the times could not be relied on to coincide with the hours of requirement. And having been unaccustomed to the regular toil of the day laborer, he was not particularly persistent when they did so coincide. Tess, meanwhile, as the one who had dragged her parents into this quagmire, was silently wondering what she could do to help them out of it, and then her mother broached her scheme go. And it is unfortunate to suffer, but she didn’t want marry Alec, which would save her misfortune by obtaining the marriage. She still wants to pursue the real happiness and marriage. So, she met Clare, fall in love with him, and combine with him. In order to live in a happy life with Angel, she tried every means to forget her sad past and treat him sincerely. After Angel knows she was raped by Alec, their relationship is torn apart, and Angel Clare leaves for Brazil, then Tess has finally been forced to marry Alec. She never feels happy in the marriage with Alec. That is the unfortunate marriage she has. She wouldrather bear the shame sign of “woman losing virginity,”stands enormous social pressure and terrible discrimination, than to violate her own true feelings and spoil her own true love.1.4.2Resistance Tess to the Unfortunate MarriageTess of the D’Urbervilles, has a subtitle, “a pure woman”. This proves Tess’s unfortunate fight of marriage. She thinks the losing of the virgin’s chastity does not mean losing the purity of the love. So she again and again asks Angel: “I thought, Angel, that you loved me--me, my very self! If it is I you do love, O how can it be that you look and speak so? It frightens me! Having begun to love you, I love you forever--in all changes, in all disgraces, because you are yourself. I ask no more. Then how can you, O my own husband, stop loving me?” She does not think that love must be equivalent to chastity, but believes that real love should be the idea of abandoning common customs, natural, simple and honest. Though she fails to get understanding from Clare at the beginning when she was ready for the happy marriage that she dreams of, she never give up, still veining for a gleam of hope for the happy marriage. However, finally she could not get rid of the evil force. Before she gets pardon from Angel, she falls into inferior trap of Alec. She killed Alec. Obtain unprecedented ease and freedom. Tess has a happiest time while catching. She leaves happily finally. She has been lived again on younger sister, who get real purity marriage without prejudice and common customs.Chapter Two Tess’s Natural Instincts —Compromise, a New Woman and a Pure Woman2.1 Tess’s Compromise to AlecAfter Tess’s horse died, her life is change. In order to support her family, she has to live with Alec. When Tess comes across with Alec near four years later in the village of Ever Head, though Alec D’Urbervilles seems first to have undergone a remarkable transformation from a rake into a pious and religious man, he discards this posture so effortlessly and quickly that it seems to have been a superfluous charade. Alec can escape legal sanctions, unaffected. He represents a larger moral principle rather than a real individual man. Like Satan, Alec symbolizes the base forces of life that drive a person away from moral perfection and greatness. Tess continues to suffer as a social outcast because of a disgrace that is much more Alec’s fault than hers, yet the hypocritical Alec has the luxury to repent and even win acceptance as a preacher. Tess’s plight as a woman thus appears incredibly unjust, stressing “The Woman Pays”. So, Tess is observant and distrusting of Alec, and she views his conversion as a plot to win her back. She has learnt her lesson about risking herself and her happiness for the sake of money. She is much stronger woman now and is more knowledgeable about conniving men, especially Alec. This strength deters Alec and makes him feel weaker and more vulnerable because his plot is not working.Her second compromise to Alec is when she lives with Alec again, while enduring the abandoned life, as Tess struggles with Alec’s temptation, her need for Angel, becomes more and more desperate. If Angel were to return to her and do his duty as her husband, her problems would greatly diminish. She writes to Angel and pleads that he not judges her onher irretrievable past. Tess’s situation thus makes her very vulnerable to Alec’s persuasions. She is obviously heartbroken and needs to be loved more than ever. She is also distraught by her family’s ever-worsening financial situation. Alec’s reasoning seems more valid to Tess than it has in the past. In a way, Tess and Alec are similar in that they have both fallen and ask for forgiveness for their indiscretions. After a long wait for Angel’s reply, but nothing, Tess begins to realize that Alec may be her only hope. She gives up all hopes and becomes Alec’s mistress for the sake of her family. Tess’s love is not given the spirit of transcendence and physical beauty, but with the loss of self-emaciated blind and miserable, unrealistic to imagine that there is no hope with the chessboard, and all are attributable to the self-destiny of the fate and helplessness. Her life is not worthwhile to an attachment that her man and this is a profound tragedy. When she feels the opinions of all the sacrifices so insignificant, as all acts of levity, finally decides to angrily rebel. Of course, Tess once expressed her plainness angrily by the last letter to Angel under a completely disappointed condition. ”O why have you treated me so monstrously, Angel! I do not deserve it. I have thought it all over carefully, and I can never, never forgive you! You know that I did not intend to wrong you-why you so wronged me? You are cruel, cruel indeed! I will try to forget you. It is all injustice I have received at your hands.”Even when Angel comes back with love and loyalty to ask for her forgiveness, she says to him: “Too late, too late!”“Don’t come close to me, Angel!” All of these are still not Tess’s real intentions from her posterior acts. When she stays with Angel while escaping to be arrested, she says: “I want you to go on loving me. I’m afraid you might reject me one day for what I’ve done. Then I would rather be dead I must have been mad to kill him! But I don’t want to be alive when you reject me for it”. 4 Because she is disappointed with Angle, so she compromise to Alec.2.2 A New WomanTess is a new woman because she leaves her husband and lives with Alec. When she first meets Clare again, she does not dare to leave Alec, her current love, because she has committed adultery before marriage .When Clare turns back to Tess and finds her, he still notices the pure outlook of Tess.” Her great natural beauty was, if not heightened, rendered more obvious by her attire.” Her beauty cannot be covered, but she does not think she could live with Angle, she lives with Alec and becomes Mrs. D’Urbervilles at the moment. “She had not come forward, remaining still in the opening of the doorway.” She rather not goes near Angle. She reminds Angle “too late”. However, “her voice sounding hard through the room, her eyes shine unnaturally.”This shows that she still has good feeling with Clare .Gradually, she shouted, “I hate him now, because he told me a lie-that you would not come again; and you have come!” She is disappointed because she thinks that Clare would not look for her. She hates Alec because she loves Clare. Although she again asks Clare to go away, her loves makes Clare strong. She is fighting for her own way. She breaks through the convention because she is not submissive or docile. She is fortitudinous self-dependent. Tess is seduced by Alec, she is pregnant and has a son who dies in infant. Refused by a priest, Tess baptizes her son with the help of her sisters and brothers, and buries him herself. Without hesitation, Tess goes to a farm as a dairymaid. There she meets and marries to Angel. But Angel abandons her relentlessly after he knew her past. When she is conscious that Angel will never forgive her, she returns home. In order to hide this truth, she bravely leaves home again for work. These show her courage for live. She do not complain but want a new life. There is a setting in the novel about Tess finds several wounded birds. “Poor darlings-to suppose myself the most miserable being on earth in the sight of such misery as yours!”5 She exclaimed. And not a twinge of bodily pain about me! I be not mangled, and I be not bleeding, and I have two hands to feed and clothe me…The another setting is the description about Flintcomb-Ash “The stubborn soil around her showed plainly enough thatthe kind of labor in demand here was of the roughest kind, but it was time to rest from searching, and she resolved to stay,”These two settings reveal Tess’s fortitude and self-dependence.Tess is full of rebel spirit. It mostly is displayed in the relation between Tess and Alec. At the blush Tess dislikes Alec. No regard of his blandishments, she leaves him angrily after she is seduced by him. Later, when they meet again, Tess finds Alec suddenly changes his identity to be a priest. Tess feels it’s a great irony to religion. So she uncovers his filthy inbeing with the acid-tongued words. “Have you saved yourself? Charity begins at home, they say.”“…You, and those like you, take your fill of pleasure on earth by making the life of such as me bitter and black with sorrow, and then it is a fine thing, when you have had enough of that, to think of securing your pleasure in heaven by becoming converted! Out upon such-I don’t believe in you-I hate it!” In order to stop Alec’s pestering again, Tess hits him by her glove. At last, she wakes up to that she has been ruined completely by Alec, she takes up a knife and kill Alec in desperation. She is not submissive to man. She shouts to Alec when Clare has gone. “You had used your cruel persuasion upon me…I have lost him now-again because of you! You have torn my life all in pieces…made me is what I prayed you in pity not to make me be again! My own true husband will never-O God-I can’t bear this! I cannot!” Her shouting greatly indicates her character of a new woman. She dares to express her anger in front of her husband because she wants to fight for her true love. She does not want to be suppressed in such a patriarchal society. She is a representative of a new woman.2.3 A Pure WomanTess was born in a family of a poor rural tradesman, this is the reason why she is pure. T here were many children in her family. Her father drank a lot and didn’t work hard and her mother herself liked a child and never thought about the future. In order to earn some money, Tess and her little brother Abby had to set off with the beehives on the early morning. But unfortunately, the poor “Prince”, an old horse, the only possessive of her family died on the way. Who could support the family without “Prince”? Life became rather difficult for the Durbeyfields. Tess was so kind that she wondered how she could help her parents all day. But what she could do only was to look after the children and do some housework. Her mother sent her to claim kin with a distant relative of noble D’Urbervilles family in the hope of changing the poor and miserable condition of the family. Here she did not expect to have the life of the upper–class, she only wanted to work hard to support her family. Because of her pure she does not Alec is a bad man, so she was seduced under the circumstance of her innocence when they were lost in the forest. Tess lost her girlish purity. But we could not accept that it was Tess’s fault. As the people of her village said, “It was to be”. From then on, Tess’s life was to be completely different.For the sake of her family, she spared no effort to devote herself. After being deserted by Angel, her family was in trouble. Her father died of illness. Her mother was ill seriously. Her brother and sister were unable to go to school. The whole family begged along the street. In this case, Tess had to live together with Alec to improve her family’s living condition. It seemed that she was not a pure woman. But in that society and that time, women’s status was very low. They had no better way to earn a lot of money to support their family. So Tess had no choice but sacrifice herself in order to make the life of family improve. Tess is a selfless women, she still kept a noble spirit. In this sense, I think Tess was a pure woman.Chapter Three A personality of Tess ----Responsibilityand Honest3.1 Tess is Responsible for Her FamilyTess is able to bear great burdens placed upon her at a young age. She is between the ages of 16 and 23 when we read her tale. This ability to undergo so much at such a young age builds her character so that we see her as a powerful force in the novel. She accepts blame for Prince’s death; the death of her infant son, Sorrow; the loss of Angel and the destruction of her marriage; as well as her killing Alec with her own hands and leaving home three times in her life to “test the waters of the world” outside her village. Tess is a fresh country girl who is full of the sense of responsibility for her family because of father’s laziness and mother’s simple mindedness. The horse’s death let her think she is responsible for this accident and she must earn money to support her poor family. This guilt leads her to visit the D’Urbervilles and puts her into an uncertain and potentially dangerous situation. The death of her father adds her family’s eviction because her reputation makes it incumbent on her to act for her young brother and sisters. With no option, she bears sadness to live with Alec again. If not for Tess, the family may be very badly off indeed, but Tess’s self-sacrifice gains nothing except a series of blame.Tess came back home again after Angel’s leaving. She sent all her money to her poor family. Then she had to bear a heavy family’s burden again. In order to get enough food to keep herself and her family alive, she left Marlette again looking for work. She found irregular diary work for the spring and summer. It was so hard a job that once she was near to faint. And after the death of her father, her family had to leave their cottage. However,they had nowhere to live. Tess could not endure the burden of the life any more. In order to support the life of her family, she had no choice but to live with Alec again as his mistress.“Tess’s acute sense of responsibility, which may lead to the assumption of tasks to be done or to the sense of guilt for things done or left undone, is a strongly unifying element.”6 She first felt “self-reproach” for staying so long at the dance, and “remorse” for her mother’s labor in getting her frock ready. When her father was drunk, she took the wagon on an all-night trip toward the market. She fell asleep, and the horse was killed. Because she felt responsible, she undertook another venture that she disliked---visiting the D’urbervilles in the hope of improving the family fortunes. She always had a feeling of responsibility for her family’s difficulties. That was why she endured so many pains.She might had a comfortable life with the money Angel left for her, she might had a normal and happy life as other maidens if she refused to visit the D’urbervilles, but the character of endurance and responsibility made her did everything for her poor family.3.2 Tess is Honest to Her LoveTess’s true and pure love to Clare drives her to break the convention. She says, “I never loved him at all, Angel, as love you…Angel will you forgive my sin against you, now I have killed him?” Her ending of her relationship by means by murdering is unconventional. She can do anything even murders others just for her true love. She says, “O yes! I could walk forever and ever with your arm round me.” Although she is in a tough situation, her love for Clare is concrete and this drives her mad. She says again, “I feel strong enough to walk any distance.” Her love forces her to break-through. Her character of a new woman is clearly shown. Tess undergoes her self-discovery journey to look for her own happiness. Tess is free from the marriage convention after her killing Alec. She does not feel sad。
苔丝命运悲剧分析
苔丝命运悲剧分析浅析《苔丝》中女主人公命运悲剧原因摘要：悲剧以主人公的不幸与悲惨命运作为主题，在某种程度上悲剧比喜剧更具有震撼力,更易读者对主人公的深切同情。
托马斯·哈代的小说《苔丝》中女主人公是典型的悲剧人物，其悲剧形成的原因主要是苔丝个人的性格与命运、环境、社会的冲突，从而造成了她个性的毁灭.。
关键词:命运悲剧；社会悲剧；性格悲剧作者介绍：托马斯?哈代是19世纪现实主义小说家，对资本主义文明的发展采取了坚决批判的立场，因此获得了“悲观主义者”的绰号.作为一位人道主义作家，他认为人民的生活是悲惨的，民间人物的命运也是悲剧，而主人公的命运是人类命运的缩影。
他在作品中广泛使用的表现手法是对比描写法，这种方法具有种种不同的具体形式.他的对比是多种层次和范围的:人和社会环境、人和大自然，人的粗暴的感情因素和理智因素，人的外貌和他的内心世界等.特别是突出地反映了人物性格与自然环境的冲突以及人物与命运抗争的无奈和弱小，因此，他把自己的作品称为“性格与环境小说”，他认为性格和环境的冲突造成个性的毁灭.这一特点集中体现在《德伯家的苔丝》（下称《苔丝》）中，它作为哈代悲剧小说中的典范，奠定了哈代悲剧作家的地位，为哈代赢得了杰出小说家的声誉。
《苔丝》中的悲剧原因主要有命运悲剧、社会悲剧和性格悲剧三个方面，三者融为一体，呈现出强大的立体感和层次感。
一、命运悲剧苔丝的悲剧首先是命运的悲剧。
苔丝是在一个贫穷的农民家庭出生，并且是在一个没落的贵族家庭里，家庭拮据的经济状况和不负责任的父母注定了她的悲剧命运；同时，作为一个美丽但是身份低下的女性，在维多利亚时代，性别与出身给这个纯洁而勇敢地追求幸福的姑娘带来的只能是厄运。
而作者似乎要为了突出这种命运的不可违抗性，在他的作品中总是穿插了大量的偶然性因素.在《苔丝》中，苔丝作为一个农家孩子，她是朴质、善良、能干的小姑娘，从小就帮助家里干活并且干得比别家的孩子都不赖，同时她也是一个负责任的人，作为家中的长女，她打小就挑起了家中的重担，并且觉得自己有责任去承担这一切.这样的一个女孩的生活本应是幸福而美满的，但是命运却和她开了很大的玩笑。
浅析《奥赛罗》中的苔丝狄蒙娜人物形象
学术研讨Academic research■ 马小娇浅析《奥赛罗》中的苔丝狄蒙娜人物形象摘要：《奥赛罗》是莎士比亚的四大悲剧之一，它不仅是爱情的悲剧，也是女性命运的悲剧。
本篇论文分析了《奥赛罗》中的苔丝狄蒙娜人物形象，即苔丝狄蒙娜背弃了亲情，选择了爱情，通过苔丝狄蒙娜的经历及悲惨的结局，看出那个时代女性命运的悲剧及生活在男权社会下的悲剧，同时，也表现出作者对人文主义的呼唤。
关键词：女性形象；悲剧；男权英国的文艺复兴运动是在资本主义生产关系萌芽、资产阶级开始反封建斗争的条件下形成的。
在文艺复兴时期，诗歌、小说、戏剧都达到繁荣。
威廉・莎士比亚正是生活在英国思想大变革时期，即文艺复兴和宗教改革时期，他的思想深深受到时代的影响，创作了许多经典的作品，这些作品广泛、深刻地反映了当时英国社会的种种矛盾和斗争，具有强烈的时代特征，达到欧洲人文主义文学的高峰。
莎士比亚是伟大的诗人和剧作家，也是欧洲文艺复兴时期最杰出的代表。
从1590年到1612年，莎士比亚经历了23年的创作生涯，他一共创作了37本剧本，两部长篇叙事诗，一部包括15首诗的“十四行诗”诗集。
因为他深受时代的影响，作为一个接受新思想的人文主义者，他提倡个性解放等人文主义思想，他主张的人文主义思想也都反映在其作品中。
与他同时代的本・琼森，称他为“时代的灵魂”，马克思和恩格斯对莎士比亚的评价很高，他们把莎士比亚看成人类艺术发展史上不可超越的高峰之一。
《奥赛罗》是莎士比亚的四大悲剧之一，是莎士比亚大约于1604年所写的。
《奥赛罗》是一部富于时代气息的爱情悲剧，悲剧主人公奥赛罗作为一个军人和主帅，他英勇豪迈，以国家利益为重，出生入死，战功显赫；他为人光明磊落，慷慨大度，在婚姻上，他敢于冲破封建等级制度和不顾种族歧视，勇敢地和自己相爱的人苔丝狄蒙娜在一起。
但是，他却未能识破阴险狡诈的伊阿古的嘴脸，轻信了他的谗言，以致扼死了无辜的苔丝狄蒙娜。
造成这一悲剧的罪魁祸首是伊阿古，伊阿古也残忍地将自己的妻子杀死，酿成这出悲剧。
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浅谈《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的形象
学院：班级：
学号：姓名：苔丝，毫无疑问，是英国作家托马斯·哈代笔下一个悲剧角色。
小说讲述了一个贫穷纯洁的农村姑娘被“诱奸,抛弃,最后由于谋杀罪而被绞死”的凄惨故事。
苔丝是一个美丽善良的农村姑娘,由于家境贫寒,不得不到富人家攀亲,不幸被亚雷·德伯诱奸而蒙羞回家。
由于不堪忍受乡里邻居的风言风语,苔丝到远离家乡的奶牛场打工,在那里她与牧师的儿子安琪·克莱尔相遇、相恋,并决定结婚。
在新婚之夜,苔丝坦白了自己过去的不幸遭遇,然而克莱尔无法忍受这个现实,抛弃她远走巴西。
为了贫困的家庭,苔丝被迫再次沦为亚雷的情妇。
经过一番痛苦的挣扎,克莱尔从巴西回来请求苔丝的谅解。
在愤怒和绝望中苔丝杀死了亚雷,和克莱尔一起度过了短暂的幸福时光,最后由于谋杀罪而被绞死。
苔丝的悲剧结束了,是什么逼迫她一步步走向毁灭的深渊呢？
“人们在情势以及支配情势的命运面前是软弱无力的”。
正是这种宿命论和悲观主义思想为小说女主人公的命运奠定了悲剧基调,苔丝的悲剧人生在作者的笔下是不可避免的,也是命中注定的,无论她如何与命运抗争都无法彻底摆脱这种悲惨的结局。
造成苔丝悲剧的根源就在于当时英国不合理的社会制度、资产阶级的虚伪道德和不公正的法律。
19世纪后期,资本主义生产方式逐渐侵入落后的农村地区,造成小农经济的迅速瓦解,给广大农民阶级
带来了空前灾难,苔丝正是这一剧烈冲击下的可怜的牺牲品。
在当时社会,只要她处于被压迫被剥削的地位,就无法彻底摆脱被毁灭的命运。
在某种意义上,哈代指出:“纯洁的姑娘苔丝悲剧正是古老的威塞克斯广大农民的悲剧,二者都被现代文明的资本主义所侵袭,抛弃。
”
从女姓主义视角分析造成苔丝悲剧的原因,苔丝是“男权社会不平等婚姻制度的牺牲品”,同时也是命运的牺牲品。
在以男性为中心的社会里,男性作为“第一性”,是社会的主体,拥有绝对的权力;而女性则被视为“第二性”,是男性的附属品,苔丝婚前失身是被迫的,却受到世谷社会百般指责;亚雷·德伯是一个行为放荡的公子哥,见到漂亮姑娘就要想方设法勾引到手,当时社会却没有谴责他的“不洁”行为;安琪·克莱尔婚前也曾“跟一个成年妇女有过四十八小时的放荡历史”,他从来没有为自己的“不忠”感到内疚,甚至在新婚之夜要求苔丝原谅自己过去的荒唐行为,而且,他刚刚遗弃了新婚妻子,就打算带伊兹·休爱特到巴西去,当时的社会也没有谴责他的这种行为,这就是“男尊女卑”的不平等社会!
苔丝的悲剧也是由她异常低下的社会经济、政治和阶级地位造成的,没有任何社会地位的破落家庭直接导致了悲剧的发生。
她虚荣的父亲一心想恢复昔日显赫的德伯维尔家族的荣耀;她无知的母亲一直梦想让漂亮的苔丝嫁入豪门,成为阔太太,借此解决日益严峻的家庭危机。
苔丝从来不考虑个人的忧患得失,一心关注家人的生活。
家中老马的意外死亡,也就是苔丝悲惨命运的开始,她认为自己应该对家庭负责,照顾好弟弟妹妹,所以她向冒牌本家求助,亚雷·德伯利用苔丝的天真淳朴,无耻地诱奸了她。
新婚丈夫抛弃她以后,她凭着坚强的意志自力更生,屡次抵制亚雷的物质诱惑,但是父亲去世后,为了让
家人有栖身之处,她再次委身亚雷,过着“行尸走肉”般的生活,此时她的精神世界已经崩溃了。
苔丝的悲惨命运也是由她纯洁执着的性格决定的,也就是“性格决定命运”。
她太纯洁了,无论从外表还是内心,都透露出纯洁善良的天性,她的悲剧也正在于她的纯洁,为了拥有圣洁的爱情,她执意向丈
夫坦白一切,因为她不允许自己的爱情带有任何污点。
她的悲剧也在于她对爱情的执着,坚贞不渝,当丈夫抛弃她的时候,她还是那么爱他,甚至宁愿做他的仆人,只要让她侍奉他,呆在他身边就可以了。
更可悲的是,为了维护丈夫的名誉,她忍气吞声,饱受恶人的羞辱与纠缠,强忍着社会对她的不公,最终手刃亚雷招致杀身之祸的主要原因也是因为亚雷讽刺挖苦她的丈夫,她为了克莱尔甚至可以放弃生命,多么可悲
的女人啊!
哈代以苔丝作为小说的女主人公,并称她为“纯洁的女人”,还引用莎士比亚的话作为本书的题词:“可怜你这受了伤害的名字!我的胸膛就是卧榻,要供你栖息。
”深刻表达了他同情女主人公的人道主义立场,公然挑战维多利亚的传统道德,具有一定的进步意义;但是由于历史时代的原因,哈代笔下的女主
人公无论如何抗争都无法逃脱被毁灭的命运,说明作者在思想上具有一定的局限性。
苔丝的悲剧主要是由社会因素和苔丝个人因素两方面造成的，她的不幸遭遇值得我们深深同情，与此同时，我们更应该从中吸取教训，创造一个思想价值更文明的社会，培养一个更健全的人格。