内蒙古北重三中2017-2018学年高二第二学期期中语文试卷

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内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司第三中学2017-2018学年高二历史下学期期中试题答案

内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司第三中学2017-2018学年高二历史下学期期中试题答案

答案【答案】1. A2. B3. D4. C5. D6. A7. B8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. D 14. A15. C 16. C 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. D 21. A22. C 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. A29. D 30. C 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. A36. A 37. C 38. C 39. A 40. B 41. D 42. B43. D 44. C 45. C 46. C 47. D 48. C 49. B50. A51. (1)民族工业快速发展,利润较高;发展不平衡;工业发展基础薄弱,内力不足.(9分)(2)政争兵乱,政局不稳,工业发展环境恶化;政府推动不力;外国资本的挤压.(9分)52. (1)政策:“战时共产主义”政策。

(3分)措施:实行新经济政策。

(3分)( 2)原因:1929—1933年经济危机。

(3分)模式:国家垄断资本主义(或国家干预经济)。

( 3分)(3)启示:经济模式的调整要适合生产力水平;要适应国情。

(3分)53. (1)趋势:逐步上升(增加)。

(2分) 原因:“一五”计划的制定;“三大改造”的实行。

( 4分)(2)依据: 1958年大跃进,浮夸风。

(3分)(3)启示:使用史料要注意史料作者的立场、阶级和时代影响等。

(3分)【解析】1. 从材料内容可知,商鞅是通过变法承认了土地的买卖,即确立了封建土地私有制.故选A.本题主要考查商鞅变法的主要内容.商鞅变法是指战国时期秦国的秦孝公即位以后,决心图强改革,便下令招贤.商鞅自魏国入秦,并提出了废井田、重农桑、奖军功、实行统一度量和郡县制等一整套变法求新的发展策略,深得秦孝公的信任,任他为左庶长,开始变法.经过商鞅变法,秦国的经济得到发展,军队战斗力不断加强,发展成为战国后期最富强的封建国家.商鞅变法的举措:1、经济方面的主要措施有:废井田、开阡陌;重农抑商,奖励耕织;统一度量衡.2、政治和军事方面的措施有:奖励军功,实行“二十等爵制”;废除“世卿世禄制”;严格户籍管理制度,制定连坐法;普遍推行县制;制定秦律,“燔诗书而明法令”.商鞅变法的核心内容可概括为“农战”和“法治”.2. 商鞅变法的经济措施:1.废井田,开阡陌(简单说就是废除奴隶制土地国有制,实行土地私有制);2.重农抑商,奖励耕织;3.统一度量衡.商鞅变法的政治措施:1.奖励军功,实行军功爵制;2.废除世卿世禄制,鼓励宗室贵族建立军功;3.改革户籍制度,实行连坐法;4.推行县制.5.定秦律,燔诗书.AC两项是经济方面的措施;D项科举制,隋唐才开始实施.故选B.本题主要考查商鞅变法的主要内容.本题旨在考查学生对商鞅变法主要内容的识记能力,属基础题,难度不大.3. A.项是管仲改革的内容,排除;B.涉及军事方面,排除;C.涉及政治方面,排除;D.有利于封建小农经济和家庭手工业的发展,是培植封建小农经济的措施,正确;故选D.本题依据材料并联系教材可以得出商鞅变法中有利于培植封建小农经济的措施是奖励耕织.本题以奖励耕织为切入点,考查学生对商鞅变法的掌握及综合运用能力.4. 本题考查商鞅变法的内容之一即制定《秦律》,旨在考查学生的知识迁移运用能力。

内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司第三中学2018_2019学年高二语文上学期期中试题(含解析)

内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司第三中学2018_2019学年高二语文上学期期中试题(含解析)

内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司第三中学2018-2019学年高二上学期期中语文试题考试时间:2018年11月14日满分:150分考试时长:150分钟一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成各题。

2018年2月,金庸先生的《射雕英雄传》英文版三部曲(《射雕英雄传》《神雕侠侣》《倚天屠龙记》)将分九卷陆续出版,这是中国优秀传统文化走向世界的又一大事。

中国人有“侠”情,且认为“侠”可以超越文化边界。

西方文化中亚瑟王的圆桌骑士、罗宾汉式的绿林英雄,以及风靡当下的银幕上的超级英雄,在我国都有“侠”缘。

但是,侠不是骑士,甚至不是武士。

不管是骑士,还是武士,都是某种权威——往往是封建领主给予的一种身份。

而侠,非身份,亦非职业。

侠,其实是一种态度、一种行事方式。

司马迁在《游侠列传》中说,侠,“其行虽不轨于正义,然其言必信,其行必果,已诺必诚,不爱其躯,赴士之困厄,既已存亡死生矣,而不矜其能,羞伐其德,盖亦有足多者焉。

”太史公的看法,其实太过理想主义。

在笔者看来,侠不见得真有如此伟大,反倒是韩非子的话更为直接,“侠以武犯禁”。

侠,是无视“禁忌”的。

“禁忌”有好有坏,这种“无视”也自然是双刃剑,是一种直接、狂放的行事方式。

侠讲究的是豪放不羁、快意恩仇。

这种“豪放不羁”,如《笑傲江湖》所描绘的,不贪高位,不惧追杀,不恋亲情,只愿与知己合奏一曲《广陵散》。

侠的“快意恩仇”,如王家卫电影《东邪西毒》中的洪七,他收了贫女一个鸡蛋后,冲入王府杀了一众刀客,为贫女的弟弟报了仇,自己则在交战中被削掉一个手指。

洪七是侠,他做事的原则不是“付出与回报是否对等”,而是,做这事,心里是否“痛快”。

相比之下,《史记·刺客列传》中所载诸人,虽勇猛如聂政,忠义如豫让,慷慨如荆轲等,都算不得“侠”,因为他们把做事看作一种工作,而工作讲究的是按劳取酬。

侠讲究的是一份担当。

在徐克电影《七剑》中,被清兵追杀,身受重伤的傅青主,对无助的村民们说,“上天山,找帮手!”为什么天山上的剑客要帮助素不相识的傅青主和村民们?因为他们是有担当的侠。

内蒙古20172018学年高二语文上学期期中试题 (1)

内蒙古20172018学年高二语文上学期期中试题 (1)

2017-2018学年第一学期期中考试高二年级语文试题本试卷满分为150分,考试时间为150分钟。

第 I卷阅读题(共70分)一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)阅读下面的文宇,完成1~3題。

(每小题3分,共9分)艺术品的接受在过去并不被看作是重要的美学问題,20世纪解释学兴起,一个名为“接受美学”的美学分支应运而生,于是研究艺术品的接受成为艺术美学中的显学。

过去,通常只是从艺术家的立场出发,将创作看作艺术家审美经验的结晶过程,作品完成就意味着创作完成。

而从接受美学的角度来看,这一完成并不说明创作已经终结。

它只说明创作的第一阶段告一段落,接下来是读者或现众、听众的再创作。

由于未被阅读的作品的价值包括审美价值仅仅是一种可能的存在,只有通过阅读,它才转化为现实的存在,因此对作品的接受具有艺术本体的意义,也就是说,接受者也是艺术创作的主体之一。

艺术文本即作品对于接受者来说具有什么意义呢?接受美学的创始人、德国的伊瑟尔说艺术文本是一个“召唤结构”,因为文本有“空白”“空缺”“否定”三个要素。

所谓“空白”是说它有一些东西没有表达出来,作者有意不写或不明写,要接受者用自己的生活经验与想象去补充;所谓“空缺”,是语言结构造成的各个图像间的空白,接受者在阅读文本时要把一个个句子表现的图像片断连接起来,整合成一个有机的图像系统;所谓“否定”指文本对接受者生活的现实具有否定的功能,它能引导接受者对现实进行反思和批判。

由此可见,文本的召唤性需要接受者呼应和配合,完成艺术品的第二次创作。

正如中国古典美学中的含蓄与简洁,其有限的文字常常引发出读者脑海中的丰富意象.接受者作为主体,他对文本的接受不是被动的。

海德格尔提出“前理解”,即理解前的心理文化结构,这种结构影响着理解,理解不可能是文本意义的重现,而只能是文本与“前理解”的统一。

这样,文本与接受就呈现出一种相互作用的关系:一方面文本在相当程度上规定了接受者理解的范围、方向,让理解朝它的本义靠拢;另一方面,文本不可能将接受者完全制约住、规范住,接受者必然会按照自己的方式去理解作品,于是不可避免地就会出现误读或创造。

内蒙古北重三中2017-2018学年高二下学期期中考试数学

内蒙古北重三中2017-2018学年高二下学期期中考试数学

北重三中2017~2018学年第二学期 高二年级期中考试理科数学试题考试时间:2018年5月10日 满分:150分 考试时长:120分钟第一部分一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.设i z +=1(i 是虚数单位),则复数22+z z对应的点位于( )A .第一象限 B.第二象限 C.第三象限 D.第四象限2.曲线34x x y -=在点(-1,-3)处的切线方程是( )A.74y x =+B.72y x =+C.2y x =-D.4y x =- 3.有一段“三段论”推理是这样的:对于可导函数()f x ,如果0()0f x '=,那么0x x =是函数()f x 的极值点,因为函数2)1(22211441222222+++++≥++++aa aa aa a在0x =处的导数值(0)0f '=,所以,0x =是函数3()f x x =的极值点.以上推理中( ) A .大前提错误 B .小前提错误 C .推理形式错误 D .结论正确 4.6个人分乘两辆不同的汽车,每辆车最多坐4人,则不同的乘车方法数为( ) A .35 B .50 C .70 D .100 5.若1021022012100210139),()()x a a x a x a x a a a a a a =+++⋯+++⋯+-++⋯+则 的值为( ) A .0B .2C .-1D .16. 设函数()f x 的导函数为()f x ',且2()2(1)f x x xf '=+,则(0)f '= ( )A .0B .4-C .2-D .27.已知函数)(x f 在1=x 处的导数为1,则xx f x f x3)1()1(lim 0+--→= ( )A .3B .32-C . 13D .23-8.由曲线x y =,直线2-=x y 及y 轴所围成的封闭图形的面积为( )A .316 B .310C .4D .6 9.用数学归纳法证明11151236n n n ++⋅⋅⋅+≥++时,从n k =到1n k =+,不等式左边需添加的项是( )A.111313233k k k +++++ B.112313233k k k +-+++ C.11331k k -++ D.133k + 10.已知函数()y xf x '=的图象如右图所示(其中()f x '是函数()f x 的导函数),下面四图象中()y f x =的图象大致是( )11.在某班进行的演讲比赛中,共有5位选手参加,其中3位女生,2位男生.如果2位男生不能连着出场,且女生甲不能排在第一个,那么出场顺序的排法种数为( ) A. 72 B. 60 C. 36 D. 3012.定义在R 上的奇函数)(x f 的导函数)(/x f 。

内蒙古北重三中2017-2018学年高二英语下学期期中试题

内蒙古北重三中2017-2018学年高二英语下学期期中试题

北重三中2017~2018学年度第二学期高二年级期中考试英语试题考试时间:2018年5月满分:150分考试时长:120分钟第I卷(请将答案涂在答题卡上)第一部分:阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,共30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

ALow-Cost Gifts for Mother’s DayGift No. 1Offer to be your mother’s health friend. Promise to be there for any and all doctor’s visits whether a disease or a regular medical check-up. Most mothers always say “no need,”but another set of eyes and ears is always a good idea at a doctor’s visit. The best part this one is free.Gift No. 2Help your mother organize all of her medical records, which include the test results and medical information. Put them all in one place. Be sure to make a list of all of her medicines and what times she takes them. “Having all this information in one p lace could end up saving your mother’s life,” Dr. Marie Savard said.Gift No. 3Enough sleep is connected to general health conditions. “Buy your mother cotton sheets and comfortable pillows to encourage better sleep,” Savard said. “We know that good sleep is very important to our health.”Gift No. 4Some gift companies such as Presents for Purpose allow you to pay it forward this Mother’s Day by picking gifts in which 10 percent of the price you pay goes to a charity (慈善机构). Gift givers can choose from a wide variety of useful but inexpensive things —many of which are “green” — and then choose a meaningful charity from a list. When your mother gets the gift, she will be told that she hashelped the chosen charity.1. What are you advised to do for your mot her at doctor’s visits?A. Be with her.B. Buy medicine.C. Give her gifts.D. Take notes.2. Where can you find a gift idea to improve your mother’s sleep?A. In Gift No. 1.B. In Gift No. 2.C. In Gift No. 3.D. In Gift No. 4.3. Buying gifts from Presents for Purpose allows mothers to _______.A. enjoy good sleepB. be well-organizedC. get extra supportD. give others helpB“The wheels on the bus go round and round…” she sang. I’d seen her before; she was a regular, like me. Every day I would ride the city bus from Burlington to Saint Michael’s college in Colchester.On this day I was riding with a friend. We were sitting in the back, observing a tone-deaf(音盲的) woman practicing her singing. Not only was her voice unbearable, but she would harass(骚扰) every person that got on or off the bus. The driver became annoyed.“Ma’am, you’ve got to settle down,” he demanded.The bus ride gave me plenty of time to think about everything. I would imagine what it would be like to have t he bus driver’s job. The man is under constant stress, narrowly missing cars while making a turning and paying attention to bus stops.When we reached our stop, my friend pulled the yellow cord to signal the driver. The bus had a door in the front and in the middle. Since we were sitting in the back, my friend excited through the closer middle one. I, however, walked out through the front, past the singing woman, giving the driver a wave and a “thank you”. “You are welcome… have a nice day,” he responded, s ounding puzzled.I started walking with my friend. “Why do you always walk out the front? The middle door is right there,” she asked.“To say goodbye.” I responded.“What?” she said. “You’re crazy.”But I don’t think I’m crazy. I have a personal obliga tion(责任) to the man who transported me across town. I don’t know his name, but he deserves my respect. Somany people walk through those bus doors, with little regard for others around them. Politeness goes a long way, and a smile always lightens the mood and brightens a room. Little acts of selfless kindness make a huge difference to people’s lives.4. Why did the driver tell the singing woman to settle down?A. The woman was tone-deaf.B. The woman has sung a long time.C. The driver was under stress that day.D. Passengers were disturbed by her voice.5. Why did the author exit through the front door?A. He was near the front door.B. He wanted to thank the driver.C. It was crowded at the back door.D. He wanted to avoid the singing woman.6. What is the author’s attitude to the driver?A. Concerned.B. Respectful.C. Unsatisfied.D. Annoyed.7. What does the author intend to tell us through the text?A. Be nice to the people around you.B. People should know their obligations.C. Everyone should observe public rules.D. People should treat disabled people with kindness.CLocated in the Swiss Alps, Bergun is one of the most beautiful mountain villages in Europe. It is so beautiful that photos of it shared on social media may make people that ca n’t visit it feel depressed, so local authorities banned tourists from taking photos.It may sound like a joke, but it’s actually a new law approved by its mayor(市长). The justification for the photo ban is that photos of the beautiful village could make people seeing them on social media jealous(嫉妒的) and depressed. To prevent visitors from taking photos in Bergun, a symbolic €5 fine will be given to those caught breaking the law.“We don’t want to make people outside the community unhappy by sharing soc ial media photos of our landscape, and we warmly invite people to visit Bergun to experience it in person.” said the mayor.However, it seems unlikely that Bergun’s new law was really thought up as a way to spare people from the depressing experience of seeing the beauty of the village. As the news spread online, many guessed that it was actually a clever marketing scheme, and this theory was partially confirmed by the village’s director of tourism, Marc-Andrea Barandun.“Now everyone is talking about Bergun, so it’s a combination of both — we made the law and also there’s some marketing aim behind it.” Barandun added that it was unlikely that anyone would actually be fined for taking a photo in the village.To show that they were serious about the law, Bergun authorities removed photos of the village from Facebook and Twitter, and have declared their purpose to remove them from the Bergun website too. If the new law is just a promotional(营销的) tool, it actually worked wonders, as people started posting more photos of the village soon after the news of the photo ban started making headlines.8. Why did Bergun authorities forbid visitors to take photos of their village?A. It was only a joke made by the authorities.B. The photos may cause uneasy feeling.C. The authorities wanted to get more fines.D. The photos prevented visitors visiting the village.9. The underlined word “justification” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “________”.A. evidenceB. backgroundC. reasonD. desire10. What can we learn from the words of Marc-Andrea Barandun?A. The law will not be applied strictly.B. Visitors should treat the law seriously.C. The law is only a trick to attract visitors.D. The law may have a bad effect on the tourism.11. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. People will post more photos online to break the law.B. The photos of the village will disappear soon online.C. Fewer and fewer people will visit the village.D. The village will become better-known.DToyota’s new robot HSR is devoted to a single task: picking things up. HSR isshort for “human support robot”. It comes with a single mechanical arm that can hold objects of various shapes and sizes and pick up smaller items with a tiny cup. It doesn’t have other tricks, except for a comp uter panel on its head for surfing the Internet. A person can also access the robot from another computer and use it like a camera-phone.HSR will first be used for people with disabilities and then for the elderly in general. Picking up is especially challenging for people with spinal(脊柱的) disorders and other illnesses. Although it can only do one simple task of picking up, it’s already making disabled people quite happy. “We’re just getting started, but eventually it will enter people’s homes,” the engine er Kouichi Ikeda said. Nearly 40 percent of Japan’s population will be 65 or older by 2060 and the rest of the developed world and some developing nations will follow it. “People feel more comfortable asking a robot to pick up after them than asking a huma n helper,” said Ikeda.Toyota came up with the idea of HSR in 2012. The model should be ready to enter universities, research facilities and businesses next year, where it can get more applications. One disadvantage is that mass(大规模的) production is needed for the price to come down.The robot has several cameras, including two on its head that look like its eyes and sensors(感应器) on its body. It runs quietly around in all directions. Unlike other robotic arm, HSR’s hold and bumps are designed to be soft so they can’t hurt anyone. But it can pick up items that weigh up to 2.6 pounds.12. What do we know about HSR?A. It can fulfill various needs.B. It can help get different things.C. It can be made into different sizes.D. It cannot be used to surf the Internet.13. In the eyes of Ikeda, the robot ________.A. faces many problemsB. will have a bright futureC. is intended for the disabledD. works best in hospitals for patients14. What is the problem with HSR from Toyota now?A. Its size.B. Its shape.C. Its cost.D. Its function.15. What is special about HSR compared with other robots?A. It is safe to use.B. It moves quickly.C. It works by sensors.D. It has many cameras.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

【配套K12】[学习]内蒙古北重三中2017-2018学年高二数学下学期期中试题 理

【配套K12】[学习]内蒙古北重三中2017-2018学年高二数学下学期期中试题 理

北重三中2017~2018学年第二学期高二年级期中考试理科数学试题考试时间:2018年5月10日 满分:150分 考试时长:120分钟第一部分一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.设i z +=1(i 是虚数单位),则复数22+z z对应的点位于( )A .第一象限 B.第二象限 C.第三象限 D.第四象限2.曲线34x x y -=在点(-1,-3)处的切线方程是( )A.74y x =+B.72y x =+C.2y x =-D.4y x =- 3.有一段“三段论”推理是这样的:对于可导函数()f x ,如果0()0f x '=,那么0x x =是函数()f x 的极值点,因为函数2)1(22211441222222+++++≥++++aa aa aa a在0x =处的导数值(0)0f '=,所以,0x =是函数3()f x x =的极值点.以上推理中( ) A .大前提错误 B .小前提错误 C .推理形式错误 D .结论正确 4.6个人分乘两辆不同的汽车,每辆车最多坐4人,则不同的乘车方法数为( ) A .35 B .50 C .70 D .100 5.若1021022012100210139),()()x a a x a x a x a a a a a a =+++⋯+++⋯+-++⋯+则 的值为( ) A .0B .2C .-1D .16. 设函数()f x 的导函数为()f x ',且2()2(1)f x x xf '=+,则(0)f '= ( )A .0B .4-C .2-D .27.已知函数)(x f 在1=x 处的导数为1,则xx f x f x3)1()1(lim 0+--→= ( )A .3B .32-C . 13D .23- 8.由曲线x y =,直线2-=x y 及y 轴所围成的封闭图形的面积为( )A .316B .310C .4D .6 9.用数学归纳法证明11151236n n n ++⋅⋅⋅+≥++时,从n k =到1n k =+,不等式左边需添加的项是( )A.111313233k k k +++++ B.112313233k k k +-+++ C.11331k k -++ D.133k + 10.已知函数()y xf x '=的图象如右图所示(其中()f x '是函数()f x 的导函数),下面四图象中()y f x =的图象大致是( )11.在某班进行的演讲比赛中,共有5位选手参加,其中3位女生,2位男生.如果2位男生不能连着出场,且女生甲不能排在第一个,那么出场顺序的排法种数为( ) A. 72 B. 60 C. 36 D. 3012.定义在R 上的奇函数)(x f 的导函数)(/x f 。

[K12学习]内蒙古北重三中2017-2018学年高二英语下学期期中试题

K12学习教育资源 K12学习教育资源 北重三中2017~2018学年度第二学期高二年级期中考试英语试题 考试时间:2018年5月 满分:150分 考试时长:120分钟 第I卷(请将答案涂在答题卡上) 第一部分:阅读理解(共两节,满分40分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,共30分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Low-Cost Gifts for Mother’s Day Gift No. 1 Offer to be your mother’s health friend. Promise to be there for any and all doctor’s visits whether a disease or a regular medical check-up. Most mothers always say “no need,” but another set of eyes and ears is always a good idea at a doctor’s visit. The best part this one is free. Gift No. 2 Help your mother organize all of her medical records, which include the test results and medical information. Put them all in one place. Be sure to make a list of all of her medicines and what times she takes them. “Having all this information in one place could end up saving your mother’s life,” Dr. Marie Savard said. Gift No. 3 Enough sleep is connected to general health conditions. “Buy your mother cotton sheets and comfortable pillows to encourage better sleep,” Savard said. “We know that good sleep is very important to our health.” Gift No. 4 Some gift companies such as Presents for Purpose allow you to pay it forward this Mother’s Day by picking gifts in which 10 percent of the price you pay goes to a charity (慈善机构). Gift givers can choose from a wide variety of useful but inexpensive things — many of which are “green” — and then choose a meaningful charity from a list. When your mother gets the gift, she will be told that she has K12学习教育资源 K12学习教育资源 helped the chosen charity. 1. What are you advised to do for your mother at doctor’s visits? A. Be with her. B. Buy medicine. C. Give her gifts. D. Take notes. 2. Where can you find a gift idea to improve your mother’s sleep? A. In Gift No. 1. B. In Gift No. 2. C. In Gift No. 3. D. In Gift No. 4. 3. Buying gifts from Presents for Purpose allows mothers to _______. A. enjoy good sleep B. be well-organized C. get extra support D. give others help

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北重三中2017——2018学年度第二学期高二年级期中考试语文试题
考试时间:2018年5月10日 满分:150分 考试时长:150分钟
第Ⅰ卷 阅读题
一、现代文阅读(35分)
(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)
阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
得益于中国在互联网、大数据、云计算等领域的卓著进步,人工智能在国内发展迅猛。
在可以预见的未来,中国的人工智能产业将在自动驾驶、智慧医疗、智慧金融、机器人等领
域获得蓬勃发展。
从娱乐、出行到支付手段,人工智能悄然改变着我们的生活。今年7月,国务院印发了
《新一代人工智能发展规划》,指出人工智能成为国际竞争的新焦点、经济发展的新引擎,带
来社会建设的新机遇,同时人工智能未来发展的不确定性也带来了新挑战。在这些新挑战中,
最令普通人关注的,或许就是人工智能时代的“人机关系”:高阶人工智能有没有失控风险?
未来的机器会不会挑战人类社会的秩序,甚至获得自主塑造和控制未来的能力?随着人工智
能日新月异的发展,很多人有了这样的担心。
人工智能会带来福祉还是挑战,是许多文学、影视、哲学作品不断探讨的主题。近年来
大众传播对人工智能的关注,无形中也加重了人们对“人机关系”的焦虑。以音源库和全息
投影技术为支撑的“二次元”虚拟偶像上台劲歌热舞,人工智能用人脸识别技术与深度学习
能力挑战人类记忆高手,“阿尔法狗”击败各国围棋大师,攻占了人类智力游戏的高地……
尤其是一些以“人机对战”为噱头的综艺节目,通过混淆人工智能的概念,人为渲染了一种
人机之间紧张的对立气氛,既无必要,也缺乏科学性。
事实上,现在所有人工智能仍属于在“图灵测试”概念下界定的“智能”,无论是将要
盛行的根据神经网络算法的翻译程序,抑或是基于量子计算理论的各种模型,在未来很长时
间内都将是从属于人类的工具。作家韩少功提出了“当机器人成立作家协会”的有趣假设,
从文学的角度解释了自己对于人机对立关系的看法。他认为价值观才是人类最终的特点和优
势,人工智能的发展,应该促使人们对自身存在的本质进行更加深刻的探索,并坚定人类本
身存在的价值。
尽管如此,行将迈入人工智能时代,我们仍需谨慎界定人机之间的关系格局。国务院在
《新一代人工智能发展规划》中提出,“建立人工智能法律法规、伦理规范和政策体系,形
成人工智能安全评估和管控能力”。未来,应通过对人工智能相关法律、伦理和社会问题的
深入探讨,为智能社会划出法律和伦理道德的边界,让人工智能服务人类社会。这也是世界
范围内的一项共识。微软、谷歌等巨头也因人工智能的发展风险而成立了伦理委员会。越来
越多的机器人专家呼吁,在机器人和自动化系统上安装“道德黑匣子”以记录机器的决定与
行为。人们已经意识到,人工智能的发展应该以人类社会的稳定与福祉为前提。
中国在人工智能领域发展迅猛,在未来构建人机关系格局上,也应发挥中国传统文化的
优势。面对人工智能,既要通过法律和政策予以规范,也要用文明和伦理赋予其更多开放的
弹性。在这方面,相信中国文明传统会比偏重逻辑与实证的西方文明传统更有用武之地,更
有助于开拓兼顾科技与人文的“中国智造”。
——《人民日报》(2017年08月23日05版,有删改)

1.下列关于原文内容的理解和分析,正确的一项是(3分)
( )
A.中国的人工智能的迅猛发展,带来了它在自动驾驶、智慧医疗、智慧金融、机器人等领域
的广泛应用。
B.人工智能改变着我们的生活,同时机器人专家对人工智能将来发展的不确定性表示出了忧
虑。
C.人工智能是从属于人类的工具,人类社会的稳定与福祉是人工智能发展的前提。
D.“人机对战”的综艺节目通过混淆人工智能的概念,使人工智能与人类的关系对立起来。
2.下列对原文论证的相关分析,不正确的一项是(3分)
( )
A.文章以时下热门的人工智能为分析对象,借用现实例子,探讨未来发展走向,体现了时评
文章及时性的基本特点。
B.文章既肯定人工智能给人类带来的发展和机遇,又深入地分析了未来人工智能发展风险的
问题。
C.对于人工智能,文章先交代背景,接着逐层分析,最后提出应发挥中国传统文化在人工智
能领域发展。
D.文章引用相关的文件规定和专家的观点,说明人们已经意识到仍需谨慎界定人机之间的关
系格局。
3.根据原文内容,下列说法正确的一项是(3分)
( )
A.如果我们能坚定人类本身的存在价值,深刻探索自身存在的本质,将会更好地促进人工智
能的发展。
B.“人机关系”是人工智能时代最令普通人关注的问题,所以面对即将到来的人工智能时代,
我们必须谨慎界定人机之间的关系格局。

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