英语专业四级语法之主谓一致

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词时,虽然表达的是复数意义,但按照毗邻吸引原则,谓语动词仍用 单数。如:
There is more than one answer to your question.
你的问题答案不只一个。
(4)none作主语时,如作为单数概念看,用单数,否则用复数形式。如:
None of the books are easy eno ugh for him.
Each of us has a tape-recorder我们每个人都有一个录音机。
当主语是一本书或一条格言时,位于动词常用单数。女口:一
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者所熟知的一本书。
表示金钱、时间、价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作 一个整体,谓语一般用单数(用复数也可,意思不变)。女口:
当either…or…与neither…nor…,not only…but also连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。女口:
Either you or she is to go.不是你去,就是她去。
Neither I nor he is to blame.既不怪我,也不怪他。
4.其他情况
A committee of seve n stude nts is to con sider the matter.
由七个学生组成的委员会将来考虑这个问题。
2•不定代词或限定词与谓语动词的一致的要点提示
(1)由合成代词some(any,no,every)+thing(body,one)或由代词one, each(one),every(one),either,n either,ano ther,the other等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Neither of us has gone through regular training.
我们两人都没受过正规训练。
(2)由限定词either,neither,each, every等修饰名词时,用单数形式。
(3)表示复数的限定词more than one many a(n),no等加单数可数名
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.规定在3周内 做好必要的准备。
3.就近原则
当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最近的主语保持一致。女口:
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the deS桌子上有一支笔,一把小刀和几本书。
The board of man ager is respon sible for the firm.经理委员会对公司负责。
2.意义一致
代词each和由every, some,no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含 有each, every,谓语需用单数。女口:
No one except my parents knows anything about it.除了我父母外没有人知道这 件事。
The audienee was enormous.(作为一个群体/整体来看) 观众人很多。
The audie nee were greatly moved at the words.
听了这话听众们都很感动。
(4)如果主语时是由a committee of/a pan el of/a board of加复数名词构 成,随后的动词常用单数。如:
动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句作主语,谓语用单数。女口:
To un dersta nd the situati on completely requires more thought tha n has bee n give n thus far.要全面地了解局势,需要比现在更深入的思考。
当用half of, part of, most of, a portion of等词构成的主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词、代词保持一致。女口:
主谓一致
主谓一致即句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致。大致有三个基 本原则:
1.语法一致原则,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语如是复 数形式,谓语动词则相应的为复数形式。
2.意义一致原则,即主语、谓语不参照主语的语法形式,而是取决与主语所表 述的实际意义为单数还是复数。
3.就近原则,即谓语动词和它最相邻的名词、代词或其它词在人称或数上保持 一致。
专四考点:
1.语法一致
当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as等词引起的短语时,位于动词与前面的主语一致。女口:
Tom as well as two of his classmates was invited to the party.汤姆和他的两个 同学被邀请去参加聚会。
the amount of+不可数名词the majority of+可数名词复数a great many +可数名词复数many a+可数名词单数more tha n one +可数名词单数one and a half■可数名词复数each /every■可数名词单数neither/either of+可数名词复数the greater part of a large proporti on of50%of/one third of/ple nty of/the rest of
这家工厂所有机器都是中国制造。
(3)集合名词如audie nee army,ba nd(乐队),board(委员会),class, company, couple,club,committee, crew,crowd,faculty,firm(公 司),gang, government,group,public,team, troop,staff等作主 语时,如把集合名词视为不可分割的统一整体,动词应用单数形式; 如强调团体中每一个成员,则要用复数形式。如:
“一把”、“一副”等单位词,谓语动词通常用复数。如果带有单位词,
则由单位词决定动词的单、复数形式。女口:
These trousers are made in Shan gha这些裤子是上海产的。
The pair of trousers is made in Sha nghai这条裤子是上海产的。
英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词,女如:archives, arms, clothes, contents, eaves, fireworks, goods, minu tes, morals, rema ins stairs, suburbs, tha nks, wages等,这类名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。女口:
这些书全太难,不适合他。
None of us has got the computer.
我们都没有电脑。
3•并列结构或复合主语与谓语动词的一致
(1)主语中有and/both…and连接时,意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。如 指单一概念或同一事物或人物,谓语动词遵循意义一致原则,用作单 数。如:
The iron and steel in dustry plays an importa nt role in our economy.钢铁工业在我国经济中起重要作用。
The archives of the country are kept in the Department of Security.国家的档案保存在安全部。
某些固定结构中谓语的数
a number of+可数名词复数谓语用复数
the number of+可数名词复数谓语用单数
an amou nt of+不可数名词谓语用单数
如果主语是由“a committee of, a panel of, a/the board of+复数名词”构成,谓语动词通常用单数。女口:
A panel of scientific advisers to the agency is expected to make a formal recomme ndation on Mon day.药监局的科学顾问小组将在周一提出正式建议。
同样,在某些成语里,由and连接的两个成分指同一件事,同一个概 念,这时谓语也常用单数。
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.早起早睡使人健康,富有和智慧。
Trial and error is the source of our kno wledge.
The preside nt of the college, together with the dea ns, is pla nning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.该大学的校长准备和院长们一起开会制定校规。
Most of his mo ney is spe nt on books它 大部分的钱都花在书上了。
Most of the stude nts are tak ing an active part in sports.大多数学生积极参加体育活动。
关系代词作主语的定语从句中,谓语的数要与先行词之致。女口:
关于主谓一致的更多例句分类和练习如下:
1•集合名词作主语与谓语动词的一致的要点提示
(1)集合名词如people, police,cattle,poultry(家禽),等通常都用作复
数。如:
The police are after a robber.
警察们在追赶一个强盗。
(2)集合名词女口clothing,baggage, luggage,furniture,machinery,stationary, greenery, merchandise, equipmen等通常用作单数。如:All the machinery in the factory is made in China.
以-s结尾的疾病(女口arthritis, bronchitis, diabetes, mumps, phlebitis, rickets
等)、游戏、地理名称等词语作主语,谓语用单数。女口:
以-s结尾的学科名称(女口physics, mathematics, mecha ni cs, optics, acoustics, politics statistics, economics, linguistics, athletic等)作主语时,谓语用单数;但是如果用作其他意义时,谓语用复数。请注意对比:
Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the in sect that are not fully un derstood.尽管做了很多研究,人们仍然无法完全理 解昆虫生活周期Fra Baidu bibliotek的某些元素。
My best frie nd and adviser has cha nged his mind aga in.我的密友和顾问又改变他的想法了。(密友和顾问指同一个人)
The farmer and not the city dweller is hurt when food prices fall.食品跌价时,受损失的是农民而不是城市居民。
Acoustics studies the scie nee of soun声学是一门研究声音的科学。
The acoustics of the new con cert hall are perfect.这家新音乐厅的音响效果棒极了。
英语中有一些通常以-s结尾的有两部分组成的物体分词,女口:glasses, pincers, pliers, scissors, shorts, suspenders, trousers等,这类名词作主语,如果不带
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