牛津译林七年级上册首字母填空专题练习

牛津译林七年级上册首字母填空专题练习

知识点：首字母填空

【知识梳理】

一、短文填空概述

短文填空主要考察学生在语篇中综合运用英语词汇及正确拼写单词、语法的能力。这一项符合新课标所倡导的“突出语篇，强调运用，注重交际”的要求。

该题型类似于完形填空，但难度高于完形填空，它考查的范围极广，可以是英语知识的方方面面，还可能涉及其它学科。它要求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来，并且单词形式合理，符合语法规范，符合短文需要。这种试题的首字母已给，所填的就必须是该字母开头的单词。这既是一种限制，又是一种提示。这减少了考生答题时猜题的几率，提高了试题的信度与效度。

二、短文填空技巧

短文填空题失分率较高，其原因也是较多的。有些同学或急于求成，或过于自信，或为节省时间，在未通读完全文时便匆匆答题。殊不知这样做会适得其反，达不到良好的效果。因此，了解和掌握正确的解题方法和技巧是十分必要的。

整理出的技巧有以下五种：

Step1：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。

(1) 对主语的判断

1. _______ are helpful to students. ( teach )

2. _______ is more important to me than money. ( healthy )

3. Some famous _______ are going to give lectures in our school in August. ( art )

4. _______ is my favorite sport. ( fish )

5. _______ stamps（邮票） is my hobby. ( buy )

Key: 1. Teachers 2. Health 3. artists 4. Fishing 5. Buying

分析：以上练习中，所填的词均为句子的主语。主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词(1-3); 动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或动名词(4-5)。此外，形容词前加the以及带连词的句子也可作主语。

【例如】

The rich are not always happy. 句中the rich 指“有钱人”，因此可以作主语。

(2) 对谓语的判断

John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c________ over to him. “My boy,” she a_____ , “Is your father at home?” “Yes,” a_______ John. The woman b________ ringing the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she turned back to John and s______ angrily, “Didn’t you s______ that your father was at home?” “I did”, answered John, “but this i_______ my house.”

Key: came asked answered began turned said say isn’t

分析：语篇中的所缺词均为谓语动词。谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，而且在句子中不能缺。当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或两个以上动词时，还要判断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。

(3) 对宾语的判断

1. Look! Simon is showing his storybook to ________. （her）

2. Last weekend, we gave _________ some postcards（明信片）. ( visit )

3. Thank you for your _______. ( help )

4. Let ______ show you around the house. ( he )

Key: 1. her 2. visitors 3. help 4. Him

分析：宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。宾语的词性同和主语的词性一样，但是如果代词作宾语时就必须用其宾格。

(4) 对表语的判断

1. Patrick is going to be a(n) ______ when he grows up.(teach)

2. Such cold weather is quite _____ in December and people have to wear warm clothes. ( usually )

Key: 1. teacher 2. usual

分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词，名词, 介词短语。

(5) 对定语的判断

1. The _______ exams usually take place at the end of June. ( finally)

2. On a _______ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky. ( clearly)

3. At a _________ night, the old had better stay at home. (rain )

4. The French artist said, “It is my _____ time to visit Shanghai. I love this city so much. ( one )

Key: (1) final (2) clear (3) raining (4) first

分析:定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。词性以形容词，序数词，介词短语为主。名词修饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途。如：stamp show / music teacher。如果是动词的适当形式作定语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。

(6) 对状语的判断

1. She couldn't believe that she passed the exam so ______ (easy)

2. Watch ______, and you will find the difference（不同） between the two pictures. ( careful )

3. We mustn’t playing on the road, and we must cross the road _________. ( safe )

Key : (1) easily (2) carefully (3) safely

分析：状语是说明动作发生的时间，地点，原因，方式，目的，结果，条件和伴随情况的成分。词性以副词为主，也可以是介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。

(7) 对连词的判断

1. Work harder, a______ you’ll make great progress（取得进步） in English.

2. He likes this movie t_______.

3. They can go to the cinema, b______ you cannot go together because I have only one ticket.

4. Can you tell me w________ you are from?