市场营销第4版习题册答案
市场营销习题与答案(一)
市场营销哲学1．“如果你能比你的邻居制造出更好的捕鼠器，人们就会踏破你的门槛”，这句话反映的营销观念是（ B ）A．生产观念；B．产品观念；C．推销观念；D．市场营销观念；2．奉行生产观念在下列哪些情况下也有可能成功（ B ）A．买方市场；B．卖方市场；C．生产成本太高；D．产品为非渴求品；3．下列表述中，反映推销观念的是（ C ）A．我能生产什么，就卖什么；B．我生产什么，就买什么；C．我卖什么，就设法让人买什么；D．顾客需要什么，我就生产什么；4．必然导致营销近视症的营销观念是（ B ）A．生产观念；B．产品观念；C．推销观念；D．市场营销观念；5．推销观念的出发点是（C）A．产品产量；B．产品质量；C．产品销售；D．顾客需求；6．下列有关市场营销观念说法中，错误的是（D）A．营销重点是顾客需求；B．重视的是长期利益；C．采用整合的营销手段；D．营销程序是从生产者到消费者；7．大市场营销观念较市场营销观念更强调的营销组合要素是（BD ）A．产品；B．权力；C．定价；D．公共关系；E．促销；8．顾客总价值包括（ABDE ）A．产品价值；B．服务价值；C．品牌价值；D．形象价值；E．人员价值；9．围绕顾客满意，下列说法正确的是（ABD ）A．如果对产品使用后的感知效果与期望一致时，顾客就会满意；B．提高顾客满意可以通过增加顾客让渡价值达成；C．顾客满意了就会成为忠诚顾客；D．夸大产品宣传会导致顾客不满意；10．认为市场需求可以被引导并加以改变的营销观念是（C）A．生产观念；B．推销观念；C．大市场营销观念；D．市场营销观念；11．社会市场营销观念的出发点是（D）A．增加产量；B．提高产品质量；C．顾客需求；D．消费者和社会长远利益；12．下列说法正确的是（D）A．市场营销就是推销；B．生态营销就是关注生态环境而开展的营销活动；C．绿色营销的主旨就是环保；D．顾客需求是现代市场营销观念的核心；13．菲利浦·科特勒指出公司几年间营销观念经历的导向依次是（C）产品导向①顾客导向②市场导向③竞争导向④A．①②③④B．①③②④C．①④③②D．①②④③14．关系营销中对关系对象的正确理解是（ D ）A．企业与顾客的关系；B．企业与供应商的关系；C．企业与政府的关系；D．企业与所有利益攸关者的关系；15.（ A ）是利用了利用了消费者的“求新” 、“猎奇”心理。
市场营销练习(四)及答案
市场营销练习（四）及答案（一）单项选择题1．生活消费是产品和服务流通的________。
A．起点 B.中间点 C.终点 D.极点2．消费者的购买单位是个人或________。
A．集体 B.家庭 C.社会 D.单位3．某种相关群体的有影响力的人物称为_________。
A．“意见领袖” B.“道德领袖”C.“精神领袖”D.“经济领导人”4．消费者购买过程是消费购买动机转化为_________的过程。
A.购买心理B.购买意志C.购买行动D.购买意向5．_________是购买活动的起点。
A.消费动机B.需要C.外在刺激D. 触发诱因6．对于减少失调感的购买行为，营销者要提供完善的_________，通过各种途径提供有利于本企业和产品的信息，使顾客确信自己购买决定的正确性。
A.售前服务B.售后服务C.售中服务D.无偿服务7．一般说来，消费者经过由__________获得的信息最多。
A.公共来源B.个人来源C.经验来源D.商业来源8．消费者的购后评价主要取决于__________。
A.心理因素B.产品质量和性能发挥状况C.付款方式D.他人态度参考答案：1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.D 8.B(二)多项选择题1．一个国家的文化包括的亚文化群主要有_________。
A.语言亚文化群B.宗教亚文化群C.民族亚文化群D.种族亚文化群E.地理文化群2．按照对消费者的影响程度分类，相关群体可分为__________。
A.示范群体B.基本群体C.次要群体D.其他群体（渴望群体）E.比较群体3．个人因素指消费者__________等因素对购买行为的影响。
A.经济条件B.生理C.个性D.社会地位E.生活方式4．弗洛伊德的无意识动机理论建立在__________等体系的基础之上。
A.本我B.忘我C.自我D.超我E.有我5．消费者知觉经历如下__________几个过程。
A.选择性注意B.选择性扭曲C.选择性保留D.选择性淘汰E.选择性认识6．影响消费者主要行为因素有__________因素。
市场营销策划第四版) 习题及答案-学习情境3
一、单项选择题1.（）整合了传统营销渠道，加强了渠道合作，减少了渠道之间的竞争，渠道成员之间的关系也由竞争转向合作。
A.营销渠道B.渠道网络C.渠道战略D.分销渠道2.（）是指某产品在销售过程中由生产厂家授权在某一区域有资格销售该产品的商家。
A.自建营销机构B.经销商C.代理商D.直销3.（）是指消除商品从生产者到消费者之间的场所间隔和时间间隔的物理性经济活动。
A.分销渠道B.渠道终端C.渠道网络D.物流4.物流的最终目标是满足用户需求，因此用户服务应该成为物流管理者最终目标，即（）战略目标。
A.全局性B.结构性C.功能性D.基础性5.（）是指通过网络分析，优化确定物流供应链的制造工厂、分销中心、仓库等设施的位置和数量，使物流网络合理化，从而获得合理的运输和库存成本。
A.物流管理战略B.第三方物流网络C.延迟化策略D.战略渠道设计二、多项选择题1.渠道网络具有（）。
A.商品流通功能B.营销推广和形象传播功能C.信息采集功能D.吸纳人才2.分销渠道策划工作包含（）等步骤。
A.确定分销渠道建设目标B.策划分销渠道结构C.分析影响渠道设计的主要因素D.渠道成员管理与控制策划3.分销渠道网络主要有（）等模式。
A.自建营销机构B.经销商模式C.代理商模式D.直销模式4.经销商管理政策主要包括（）。
A.分销权及专营权政策B.返利政策C.促销政策D.客户服务政策5.传统物流管理的缺陷有（）。
A.库存太大B.反应太慢C.处理需求单一D.成本太高答案一、单项选择题ACDAD二、多项选择题ABCD,ABD,ABCD,ABCD,ABC。
国际市场营销 全球营销学每章课后习题答案
全球营销学第四版每章课后习题答案第一章Introduction to Global Marketing1.What are the basic goals of marketing? Are these goals relevant to globalmarketing?P31、Surpass the competition at the task of creating perceived value for customers2、The Guide line is the value equation –Value = Benefits/Price (Money, Time, Effort, Etc.)P42.What is mean by “global localization”?（全球本土化策略）Is Coca-Cola a globalproduct? Explain.The phrase “global localization” represents an attempt to capture the spirit of the rallying cry for o rganizations in the 21st century, namely, “think globally, act locally.”Most people will agree that Coca-Cola is a global product by virtue of the fact that it is available in more than 195 countries in red cans bearing the distinctive signature style. It must be noted, however, that customer service efforts are adapted to the needs of particular markets, e.g., vending machines in Japan. Thus, Coca-Cola is both global and local.3.Describe some of the global marketing strategies available to companies. Giveexamples of companies that use the different strategies.Global marketing strategies: 1. global market participation is the extent to which a company has operations in major world markets; 2. standardization versus adaptation is the extent to which each marketing mix element can be standardized or adapted in various country markets; 3. concentration of marketing activities is the extent to which activities related to marketing mix are performed in one or a few country locations; 4. coordination of marketing activities is the extent to which activities related to marketing mix are performed interdependently around the globe; 5. integration of competitive moves is the extent to which a firm’s competitive marketing tactics in different parts of world are interdependent.Examples: 1. Coke is the best-known, strongest brand, as the Coca-Cola Company, supporting its Coke, Fanta, and Powerade brands with marketing mix elements both that are globe and local, is adept at adapting sales promotion, distribution, and customer service efforts to local needs;2. Mcdonald’s business model is a restaurant system that can be set up virtually anywhere in the world and offers core menu items-hamburgers, French fries, and soft drinks-in most countries, and the company also customizes menu offerings according to local eating customs.4.How do the global marketing strategies of Harley-Davidson and Toyota differ?Harley-Davidson motorcycles are known the world over as “the” all-American motorcycle. Harley’s mystique and heritag e are associated with the USA. The company backs up this positioning with exports from two U.S. manufacturing locations. By contrast, Toyota builds some models (e.g., Camry and Avalon) for the U.S. market in the U.S., a fact that Toyota stresses in its American ad. Thus, Harley-Davidson serves global markets while sourcing locally, while Toyota’s strategy calls for serving world markets and using the world as a source of supply.5.Describe the difference between ethnocentric, polycontric, regiocentric, andgeocentric management orientations.The premise of an ethnocentric orientation is that home country products and management processes are superior. An ethnocentric company that neither sources inputs from, nor seeks market opportunities in the world outside the home country may be classified as an domestic company. A company that does business abroad while still presuming the superiority of the home country may be classified as an international company. Such a company would rely on an extension strategy whereby it would export, without adaptation, products designed for the domestic market.The polycentric orientation that predominates at a multinational company leads to aview of the world in which each country markets is different from the others. Local country managers operating with a high degree of autonomy adapt the marketing mix in a polycentric, multinational company. Managers who are regiocentric or geocentric in their orientations recognize both similarities and differences in world markets. Market opportunities are pursued using both extension and adaptation strategies. The regiocentric and geocentric orientations are characteristic of global transnational companies.OrEthnocentric orientation: home country is superior to the rest of the world, sees similarities in foreign countries，leads to a standardized or extension approach; Polycentric orientation: the opposite of ethnocentrism, each country in which a company does business is unique, sees differences in foreign countries, leads to localized or adaption approach; Regiocentric orientation: a region becomes the relevant geographic unit; management`s goal is to develop an integrated regional strategy; Geocentric orientation：views the entire world as a potential market and strives to develop integrated world market strategies.6.Identify and briefly describe some of the forces that have resulted in increased globalintegration and the growing importance of global marketing.P21+Driving Forces：Regional economic agreements、Market needs and wants、TechnologyTransportation and communication improvements、Product development costs、Quality、World economic trends、LeverageRestraining Forces：Management myopia、Organizational culture、National controls 7.Define leverage and explain the different types of leverage utilized by companieswith global operations.Define leverage：P25第二章The Global Economic Environment1.Explain the difference between market capitalism, centrally planned capitalism,centrally planned socialism, and market socialism. Give an example of a country that illustrates each types of system.Market capitalism is an economic system in which individuals and firms allocate resources and production resources are privately owned. (England).Centrally planned capitalism is an economic system in which command resource allocation is utilized extensively in an environment of private resource ownership. (Sweden)Centrally planned socialism, in this type of economic system, the state has broad powers to serve the public interest as it sees fit. (Former Soviet Union)Market socialism, in such a system, market allocation policies are permitted within an overall environment of state ownership. (China)2.What is a BEM? Identify the BEMs according to their respective stages of economicdevelopment.P53P56-583. A manufacture of satellite dishes is assessing the world market potential for hisproducts. He asks you if he should consider developing countries as potential markets.How would you advise him?Despite the difficult economic conditions in parts of developing countries, many nations will involve into attractive markets.One of marketing’s roles in developing countries is to focus resources on the task of creating and delivering products that are best suited to local needs and incomes. The role of marketing to indentify people’s needs and wants is the same in all countries, irrespective of level of economic development. It is also an opportunity to help developing countries join the information age.And P654.Turn to the Index of Economic Freedom (Table 2-1) and identify where the BEMs areranked. What does the result tell you in terms of the relevance of the index to global marketers?P52第三章Social and Cultural Environments1.What are some of the elements that make up culture? How do these find expression inyour native culture?Culture is a collection of Values, beliefs, behaviors, customs, and attitudes that distinguish one society from another.Culture is acted out in social institutions, such as, family, education, religion, government, business.2.What is the difference between a low-context culture and a high-context culture?Give an example of a country that is an example of each type and provide evidence for your answer.PPT 第四章4-63.How can Hofstede’s cultural typologies help Western marketers better understandAsian culture?P874.Explain the self-reference criterion(自我参照准则). Go to the library and findexamples of product failures that might have been avoided through the application of the SRC.Unconscious reference to one’s own cultural values; creates cultural myopia5.Briefly explain the social research of Everrtt Rogers regarding diffusion ofinnovations,……P94pare and contrast USA and Japan in terms of traditions and organizationalbehavior and norms.第四章The Legal and Regulatory Environments of Global Marketing1.What is sovereignty? What is it an important consideration in the politicalenvironment of global marketing?sovereignty2.Describe some of the sources of political risk. Specially, what forms can political risktake?Tension between aspirations and realityPrimarily occurs in lower and lower-middle income countries–Indonesia and economic crisisWhen political risk occurs in high income countries, it is generally due to a long-standing conflict–Northern IrelandP1423.Briefly describe some of the differences between the legal environment of a countrythat embraces common law and one that observes civil law.4.Global marketers can avoid legal conflicts by understanding the reasons conflictsarise in the first place. Identify and describe several legal issues that relate to global commerce.Intellectual PropertyAntitrustContractualLicensing and Trade Secrets5.“See you in court” is one way to respond when legal issues arise. What otherapproaches are possible?LitigationFormal arbitration–Settles disputes outside of court–Groups agree to abide by panel’s decision1958 United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards–Most important treaty regarding international arbitration第五章Global Information Systems and Market Research1.Explain two information technology puts powerful tools in the hands of globalmarketers.Modern IT tools provide the means for a company's marketing information system and research functions to provide relevant information in a timely, cost –efficient, and actionable manner.Electronic data interchange (EDI) allows business units to submit orders, to issue invoices, to conduct business electronically, Wal-Mart legendary for its EDI, save time and money, enables retailers to improve inventory management. Transaction formats are universalEfficient Consumer Response (ECR) This is in addition to EDI, an effort for retailers and vendors to work closely on stock replenishment(补充). ECR can be defined as a joint initiative by members of a supply chain to work toward improving and optimizing(最优化) aspects of the supply chain to benefit customersIntranet, Electronic Point of Sale (EPOS), Data Warehouses are also helping businesses improve their ability to target consumers and increase loyalty.2.What are the different modes of information acquisition? Which is the most importantfor gathering strategic information?3.4、Outline the basic steps of the market research process.5、What is the difference between existing, latent, and incipient demand? How mightthese differences affect the design of a marketing research project?Demand and profit potential, in turn, depend in part on whether the market being studied can be classifieds existing or potential. Existing markets are those in which customer needs are already being served by one or more companies. In some instances, there is no existing market to research and. information may be readily available. A latent market is in essence, an und iscovered segment .It’s a market in which demand would materialize if an appropriate product were made available. An incipient market is a market that will emerge if particular economic demographic, political, or sociocultural trend continues. A company is not likely to achieve satisfactory results if it offers a product in an incipient market before the trends have taken root.Market growth, brand loyalty, market segment, product, sales promotion, pricing, distribution, will be different in marketing research project.6.Describe some of the analytical techniques used by global marketers. When is it appropriate to use each technique?A number of techniques are available for analyzing survey data.Factor analysis can be used to transform large amount of data into manageable units. It is useful in psychographic segmentation studies or creating perceptual maps; cluster analysis allows the researchers to group variables into clusters that maximize within-group similarities and between-group differences. It can be used to do global marketing research, to perform benefit segmentation, and to identify new product opportunities. Multi dimensional scaling is another technique for creating perceptual maps which is particular useful when there are many product to choose and consumers have difficulty in verbalizing their conceptions. Conjoint analysis is used to gain insights into the combination of features that will be the most attractive to consumers. It is useful when determines the values and utilities of the various levels of product features and plots them graphically.第六章Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning1.differentiate the five basic segmentation strategies. Give an example of a companythat has used each one.P170-P1831、IncomePopulationsAge distributionGenderEducationOccupation2、Grouping people according to attitudes, value, and lifestyles3、4、Benefit segmentation focuses on the value equation–Value = Benefits / Price5、The population of many countries includes ethnic groups of significant size2.Explain the difference between segmenting and targeting.P200pare and contrast standardized, concentrated, and differentiated global marketing.Illustrate each strategy with an example from a global company.Standardized global marketing is mass marketing on a global scale with undifferentiated target marketing (Revlon International)Concentrated global marketing, involves devising a marketing mix to reach a niche. A niche is simply a single segment of the global market. (Germany`s Winter halter) Differentiated global marketing, represents a more ambitious approach than concentrated target marketing with multi-segment targeting and two or more distinct markets (Rover)4.5.What is positioning? Identify the different positioning strategies presented in thechapter and give examples of companies or products that illustrate each.Locating a brand in consumers’minds over and against competitors in terms of attributes and benefits that the brand does and does not offer.P192-1956.What is global consumer culture positioning? What other strategic positioningchoices do global marketers have?Identifies the brand as a symbol of a particular global culture or segment.P1967.What is high-touch product? Explain the difference between high-tech productpositioning and high-touch product positioning. Can some products be positioned using both strategies? Explain.High-tech products are sophisticated technologically complex, and/or difficult to explain or understand, and frequently evaluated in terms of their performance against established objective standards. High-tech global consumer positioning also works well for special interest products associated with leisure of recreation.High-touch products, consumers are generally energized by emotional motives rather than rational ones, and frequently evaluated in terms of their performance against established subjective, aesthetic terms.Some products can be positioned using both strategies, with both satisfying buyers’ rational criteria and evoking an emotional response. Nokia, for example, combines technical performance with a fashion orientation.第七章Global Market Entry Strategies:1.What are the advantages and disadvantages of using licensing as a market entry tool?Give examples of companies from different countries that use licensing as a global marketing strategy.Advantages to LicensingProvides additional profitability with little initial investmentProvides method of circumventing tariffs, quotas, and other export barriersAttractive ROILow costs to implementDisadvantages to LicensingLimited participationReturns may be lostLack of controlLicensee may become competitorLicensee may exploit company resourcesP2062.What is foreign direct investment? What forms can FDI take?P209Partial or full ownership of operations outside of home countryForms:Joint ventures–Minority or majority equity stakes–Outright acquisition3.Do you agree with Ford’s decision to acquire Jaguar? What was more valuable toFord---the physical assets or the name?P2154.What is meant by the phrase global strategic partnership? In what ways does this formof market entry strategy differ from more traditional forms such as joint ventures? Participants remain independent following formation of the allianceParticipants share benefits of alliance as well as control over performance of assigned tasksParticipants make ongoing contributions in technology, products, and other key strategic areasPPT3055.What are Keiretsu? How does this form of industrial structure affect companies thatcompete with Japan or that are trying to enter the Japanese market?PPT307书P2276.Which Strategic options for market entry or expansion would a small company belikely to pursue? A large company?StrategiesCompanies must decide to expand by:–Seeking new markets in existing countries–Seeking new country markets for already identified and served market segments第八章Product and Brand Decisions1.What is the difference between a product and a brand?A product is a good, service, or ideaBrandsBundle of images and experiences in the customer’s mindA promise made by a particular company about a particular productA quality certificationDifferentiation between competing productsThe sum of impressions about a brand is the Brand ImageThe added value that accrues to a product as a result of investments in the marketing of the brandAn asset that represents the value created by the relationship between the brand and customer over time2.How do local, international, and global products differ? Cite examplesLocal Product is one that has achieved success in a single national market and represents the lifeblood of domestic companies. （Coca-cola, ginseng beverage only in Japan）International product is offered in several markets in a particular region (Euro-product, only in euro zone)Global product meets the wants and needs of a global market and is offered in all world regions (personal stereos)3.What are some of the elements that make up a brand? Are these elements tangible orintangible?IntangibleP2414.What criteria should global marketers consider when making product designdecisions?In many instances, packaging is an integral element of product-related design decisions. Packaging is designed to protect or contain the product during shipping；Labeling provides consumers with various types of information; Aesthetics differ around the world. Global marketers must understand the importance of visual aesthetics; Product Warranties is a written guarantee that assures the buyer is getting what they paid for or provides a remedy in case of a product failure. Warranties can be used as a competitive tool5.How can buyer at titudes about a product’s country of origin affect marketing strategy?买家对于原产国的态度对营销策略有什么影响？Perceptions about and attitudes toward particular countries often extend to products and brands known to originate in those countries–Japan–Germany–France–ItalyP252-2546.Identify several global brands. What are some of the reasons for the global success ofthe brands you chose?Both products and brand are good……7.Briefly describe various combinations of product-communication strategies availableto global marketers. When is it appropriate to use each?Product-communication extension (dual extension) is a strategy selling the same product with the same promotional appeals used in domestically when pursuing opportunities outside the home market. It used frequently with industrial (business to business) products.Product extension-communication adaptation strategy is a relatively low cost of implementation because the physical product is unchanged, and the main costs are associated with market research and revising promotional appeals. It used frequently when consumer conceptions outside the home market are very different from domestic marketProduct adaptation-communication extension is an approach to global product planning is to extend, without change, the basic home-market communications strategy while adapting the product to local use or preference conditions. It used frequently when natural conditions outside the home market are very different from domestic market Product-communication adaptation (dual adaptation) strateg y is an approach used both the different product serves and advertising appeals to consumer receptivity when comparing a new geographic market to the home market, environmental conditions or consumer preferences differ;第九章Pricing Decisions1.What are the basic factors that affect price in any market? What considerations enterinto the pricing decision?In global marketing, the task of setting prices is complicated by fluctuating exchange rates. Currency fluctuations can create significant problems and opportunities for the classic international company that exports from the home country.Inflation, or a persistent upward change in price levels, is a problem in many country markets. It can be caused by an increase in the money supply and currency devaluation. Governmental policies and regulations that affect pricing decisions include dumping legislation, resale price maintenance legislation, price ceilings, and general reviews of price levels.Pricing decisions are bounded not only by cost and nature of demand but also by competitive action.Competitive Behavior: If competitors do not adjust their prices in response to rising costs it is difficult to adjust your price to maintain operating margins; If competitors are manufacturing or sourcing I a lower-cost country, it may be necessary to cut prices to stay competitiveThe global marketer has several options for addressing the problem of price escalation orthe environmental factors described in the last section.2.Define the various types of pricing strategies and objectives available to globalmarketers.Market Skimming and Financial Objectives: Market Skimming charges a premium price which may occur at the introduction stage of product life cyclePenetration Pricing and Non-Financial Objectives: Penetration Pricing charges a low price in order to penetrate market quickly which appropriates to saturate market prior to imitation by competitors3.Identify some of the environmental constraints on global pricing decisions. Currency FluctuationsInflationary EnvironmentGovernment Controls, Subsidies, RegulationsCompetitive BehaviorSourcing4.Why do price differences in world markets often lead to gray marketing?Because price differences in world markets lead to trademarked products are exported from one country to another where they are sold by unauthorized persons or organizationsGray marketing occurs when product is in short supply, when producers use skimming strategies in some markets, and when goods are subject to substantial mark-ups 5.What is dumping? Why was dumping such an important issue during the UruguayRound of GATT negotiations?Sale of an imported product at a price lower than that normally charged in a domestic market or country of origin.P2966.What is transfer price? Why is it an important issue for companies with foreignaffiliates(外国子公司)? Why did transfer pricing in Europe take on increased importance in 1999?The transfer price is that Pricing of goods, services, and intangible property bought and sold by operating units or divisions of a company doing business with an affiliate in another jurisdiction.P2997.What is the difference between ethnocentric, polycontric, and geocentric pricingstrategies? Which one would you recommend to a company that has global market aspirations?P291-292 PPT240-242pare and contrast the different forms of countertrade.Countertrade occurs when payment is made in some form other than moneyOptions–BarterThe least complex and oldest form of bilateral, non-monetary counter-tradeA direct exchange of goods or services between two parties–Counter-purchase P303-304–Offset–Compensation trading–Cooperation agreements–Switch trading第十章Global Marketing Channels and Physical Distribution1.In what ways can channel intermediaries create utility for buyers?ObjectivesMarketing channels exist to create utility for customers–Place utility -availability of a product or service in a location that is convenient to a potential customer–Time utility -availability of a product or service when desired by a customer–Form utility -availability of the product processed, prepared, in proper condition and/or ready to use–information utility -availability of answers to questions and general communicationabout useful product features and benefits2.What factors influence the channel structures and strategies available to globalmarketers?B2CThe characters of both buyers and products have an important influence on channel design.The number of individual buyers and their geographic distribution, income, shopping habits and different channel approaches.Products characters such as degree of standardization, perishability, bulk, service requirements, and unit price have an impact as well.Channels tends to be longer as the number of consumers to be served increases and the price per unit decreases. Bulky products usually require channel arrangements that minimize the shipping distances and the number of times products change hands before they reach the ultimate customer.B2BAs is true with consumer channels, product and consumer characteristics have an impact on channel structure. Three basic elements are involved: the manufacture's sales force, distributors or agents and wholesalers.Channel strategy in a global marketing program must fit the company's competitive position and overall marketing objectives in each national market.market factors: consumer profiles, market size and location of country.3.What is cherry picking? What approaches can be used to deal with this problem?P323pare and contrast the typical channel structures for consumer products andindustrial products.P340 PPT252-2555.Identify the different forms of retailing and cite an example of each form. Identifyretailers from as many different countries as you can.PPT258-259 P3256.Identify the four retail market expansion strategies discussed in the text. What factorsdetermine the appropriable mode?Organic–Company uses its own resources to open a store on a green field site or acquire one or more existing retail facilitiesFranchise–Appropriate strategy when barriers to entry are low yet the market is culturally distant in terms of consumer behavior or retailing structuresChain Acquisition–A market entry strategy that entails purchasing a company with multiple existing outlets in a foreign countryJoint Venture–This strategy is advisable when culturally distant, difficult-to-enter markets are targeted 7.What special distribution challenges exist in Japan? What is the best way for anon-Japanese company to deal with these challenges?第十一章Global Marketing Communications Decisions:Advertising and Public Relations1.In what ways can global brands and global advertising campaigns benefit a company? P3482.How does the “standardized versus localized” debate apply to advertising?Four difficulties that compromise an organization’s communicat ion efforts–The message may not get through to the intended recipient.–The message may reach the target audience but may not be understood or may even be misunderstood.–The message may reach the target audience and may be understood but still may not induce the recipient to take the action desired by the sender.–The effectiveness of the message can be impaired by noise.。
市场营销学习题集及解答
市场营销一、判断题(判断下列各题是否正确。
正确的在题后的括号内打“√”,错误的打“×”。
)1.从营销理论的角度看,市场就是买卖商品的场所。
( F )2.在组成市场的双方中,买方的需求是决定性的。
(T )3.市场营销就是推销和广告。
( F )4.交换是一个过程。
在这个过程中,如果双方达成了一项协议,我们就称之为发生了交易。
(T )5.市场的发展是一个由消费者(买方)决定,而由生产者(卖方)推动的动态过程。
( T )6.市场营销学的构建从微观(企业)开始,逐步形成了宏观市场营销学和微观市场营销学两个分支。
( T )7.通常企业并不试图去改变消费者对其产品、服务的态度,而是使自己的产品、服务和营销策略符合消费者既有态度。
(T )8.消费者之所以购买商品,根本目的在于获得并拥有产品本身。
( F )9.在通常情况下,消费者往往根据其对产品效用的主观评价来决定是否购买该产品。
( F )10.营销管理的实质是需求管理。
(T )11.构成顾客总成本之一的非货币成本,包括时间成本、精神成本和体力成本。
(T )12.由于追求顾客让渡价值最大化的结果往往会导致企业成本增加,利润减少。
因此,任何企业都不会主动采用顾客让渡价值最大化的策略。
( F )13.以企业为中心的观念包括生产观念和营销观念。
( F )14.除了物资短缺、产品供不应求的情况之外,某种具有良好市场前景的产品,因生产成本很高,必须通过提高生产率、降低成本来扩大市场时,也会导致企业奉行生产观念。
(T )15.市场营销观念和社会营销观念的最大区别在于后者强调了社会和消费者的长远利益。
(T )16.顾客总价值是指顾客购买某一种产品或劳务时所期望获得的一组利益。
(T )17.各方利益关系的协调本质上仍然是以顾客满意为核心的。
(T )18.关系营销的基础,在于交易双方相互之间有较为稳定的友谊。
( F )19.微观环境与宏观环境之间是一种并列关系,微观营销环境并不受制于宏观营销环境,各自独立地影响企业的营销活动。
市场营销课后习题答案 第4章
第四章目标市场营销一、判断题1. 任何一个规模巨大、资金实力雄厚的企业也不能满足市场上全部顾客的所有需求，所以企业要进行市场细分。
（√）2. 一个规模巨大、资金实力雄厚的企业能够满足顾客的所有需求。
（×）3. 市场细分的目的就是企业根据自身的优势条件选择力所能及的，适合自己经营的目标市场。
（√）4. 市场细分就是指按照消费者的欲望与需求把一个总体市场划分成若干个具有共同特征的子市场的过程。
（√）5. 细分市场也称为子市场。
（√）6. 有效性是指细分出来的市场应是企业通过营销活动能够进入并对顾客施加影响的市场。
（√）7. 可进入性是指细分出来的子市场容量或要大到足以使企业获利。
（√）8. 市场细分的方法中的单一变量因素法就是根据消费者需求的某一个重要因素进行市场细分。
（√）9. 市场细分的方法中的多个因素组合法就是根据影响消费者需求的两种或两种以上的因素进行市场细分。
（√）10. 市场细分的方法中的系列变量因素法就是根据企业经营的特点并按照影响消费者需求的诸因素由粗到细地进行市场细分。
（√）11. 企业集中生产一种产品并向各类顾客销售这种产品叫产品专一化战略。
（√）12. 企业把整体市场看作一个大的目标市场，不进行市场细分，用一种产品、统一的市场营销组合对待整体市场，这种营销战略叫无差异营销战略。
（√）13. 把整体市场划分为若干需求与愿望在大致相同的细分市场，然后根据企业的资源和营销实力选择部分细分市场作为目标市场，并为各目标市场制定不同的市场营销组合策略，这种营销战略叫差异化营销战略。
（√）14. 把整体市场划分为若干需求与愿望在大致相同的细分市场后，只选择其中的某一部分市场作为目标市场，这种这种营销战略叫密集型营销战略。
（√）二、单项选择题1. 经过市场细分后，选择其中的多个子市场为目标市场，并针对不同子市场设计不同的市场营销组合方案，这种市场营销策略是：（C）。
A 无差异营销策略B 集中性营销策略C 差异性营销策略D 专业化营销策略2. 为避免与强大的竞争对手发生正面交锋，将自己的产品定位于远离竞争对手的区域。
2023年大学_《市场营销学通论》第四版(郭国庆主编)课后习题答案下载
2023年《市场营销学通论》第四版(郭国庆主编)
课后习题答案下载
《市场营销学通论》第四版(郭国庆主编)内容简介
第Ⅰ篇绪论
第1章导论
第1节市场营销学概述
第2节市场营销学与相关学科
第3节市场营销的内涵
第4节市场营销的重要性
第2章市场营销哲学的演变
第1节市场营销观念
第2节市场营销组合的扩充与演变
第3节市场营销哲学新视野
第3章战略计划与市场营销管理
第1节战略计划与市场导向
第2节市场营销管理
第3节市场营销管理过程
《市场营销学通论》第四版(郭国庆主编)目录
作为“21世纪工商管理系列教材”之一，本书在全球营销环境不断发展变化及纪念新中国成立60周年的历史条件下，本着与时俱进的'精神，进行了再次修订。
在篇章结构上，本书共设6篇，分23章，既对市场营销基本原理、理论、方法进行了深入、全面的阐述，又反映了市场营销学的__发展动态，对学科前沿问题进行了较为全面的介绍。
物流市场营销学第四版课后答案
物流市场营销学第四版课后答案1、市场营销的核心是（）。
[单选题] *A、生产B、分配C、交换(正确答案)D、促销2、从总体上看质量改进方案通常会增加企业的（）。
[单选题] *A、成本B、盈利(正确答案)C、无形资产3、（）是指企业利用多种信息载体与目标市场进行沟通的传播活动包括广告、人员推销、营业推广与公共关系等等。
[单选题] *A、产品B、定价C、促销(正确答案)D、分销4、消费者的购买单位是个人或（）。
[单选题] *A、集体B、家庭(正确答案)D、单位5、服务是一方向另一方提供的基本上是（）并且不导致任何所有权的产生。
[单选题] *A、有形产品B、无形的任何活动或利益(正确答案)C、物质产品D、实体产品6、按照不同的职能非营利组织可分为（）。
[单选题] *A、履行国家职能的非营利组织B、促进群体交流的非营利组织C、提供社会服务的非营利组织D、AB和C(正确答案)7、在产品生命周期的投入期消费品的促销目标主要是宣传介绍产品刺激购买欲望的产生因而主要应采用（）促销方式。
[单选题] *A、广告(正确答案)B、人员推销C、价格折扣D、营业推广8、（）差异的存在是市场细分的客观依据。
[单选题] *A产品C需求偏好(正确答案)D细分9、企业要通过攻击竞争者而大幅度的扩大市场占有率应攻击（）。
[单选题] *A近竞争者B“坏”竞争者C弱竞争者D强竞争者(正确答案)10、威胁水平高而机会水平低的业务是（）。
[单选题] *A理想业务B冒险业务C成熟业务D困难业务(正确答案)11、为鼓励顾客购买更多物品企业给那些大量购买产品的顾客的一种减价称为（）。
[单选题] *A功能折扣B数量折扣(正确答案)C季节折扣D现金折扣12、向最终消费者直接销售产品和服务用于个人及非商业性用途的活动属于（）。
[单选题] *A零售(正确答案)B批发C代理D直销13、顾客总价值与顾客总成本之间的差额就是（） [单选题] *A．企业让渡价值B．企业利润C．顾客让渡价值(正确答案)D．顾客利益14、成本领先的核心是争取最大的（），以达到单位产品成本最低，从而以较低的售价赢得优势。
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市场营销第4版习题册答案
市场营销第4版习题册答案
市场营销是现代商业中至关重要的一环，它涉及到产品的推广、销售和服务等
方面。
为了更好地理解市场营销的概念和应用，市场营销第4版习题册成为了
许多学生和从业人员的必备工具。
本文将为大家提供市场营销第4版习题册的
答案，帮助读者更好地掌握市场营销知识。
1. 什么是市场营销？
市场营销是指企业通过研究市场需求、制定市场策略、推广产品以及提供优质
服务等方式，以满足消费者需求并实现盈利的一系列活动。
它是企业与市场之
间的桥梁，通过市场营销的手段，企业能够更好地了解消费者需求，提供符合
市场需求的产品和服务，从而实现销售和利润的增长。
2. 市场营销的四个基本要素是什么？
市场营销的四个基本要素是产品、价格、渠道和推广。
产品指的是企业提供给
消费者的商品或服务；价格是指产品的定价策略，包括定价水平和定价策略；
渠道是指产品流通的渠道，包括销售渠道和分销渠道；推广是指企业通过广告、促销等手段宣传和推广产品，吸引消费者购买。
3. 市场细分是什么意思？
市场细分是指将整个市场划分为若干个具有相似需求和行为的小市场，并针对
每个小市场制定相应的市场策略。
市场细分能够帮助企业更好地了解消费者需求，提供符合不同市场细分的产品和服务，从而提高市场竞争力。
4. 市场定位的意义是什么？
市场定位是指企业通过对市场细分的研究，确定自己在市场中的定位和差异化
竞争策略。
市场定位的意义在于帮助企业找到自己的目标市场，并通过差异化
的产品和服务来满足消费者需求，从而在市场中获得竞争优势。
5. 什么是SWOT分析？
SWOT分析是一种常用的市场营销工具，它通过对企业内外部环境的分析，确
定企业的优势、劣势、机会和威胁。
SWOT分析能够帮助企业了解自身的竞争
优势和劣势，抓住市场机会，应对市场威胁，从而制定更有效的市场营销策略。
6. 什么是品牌管理？
品牌管理是指企业通过对品牌的策划、建设和维护，提高品牌的知名度和美誉度，从而增加产品的销售和市场份额。
品牌管理包括品牌定位、品牌传播和品
牌维护等方面，通过有效的品牌管理，企业能够建立起强大的品牌形象，吸引
消费者购买。
7. 什么是市场营销组合？
市场营销组合是指企业在市场营销过程中，通过产品、价格、渠道和推广等手
段的组合和配置，实现市场营销目标的一种管理工具。
市场营销组合能够帮助
企业制定合理的市场策略，提高产品的市场竞争力和销售额。
8. 什么是市场营销环境？
市场营销环境是指企业在市场营销过程中所面临的各种内外部环境因素。
内部
环境包括企业的资源、能力和组织结构等；外部环境包括政治、经济、社会和
技术等方面的因素。
了解市场营销环境能够帮助企业制定适应性的市场策略，
应对市场变化。
通过对以上习题的答案解析，我们可以更好地理解市场营销的概念和应用。
市
场营销是企业与市场之间的桥梁，通过合理的市场营销策略，企业能够更好地
了解消费者需求，提供符合市场需求的产品和服务，从而实现销售和利润的增长。
同时，市场营销还需要考虑市场细分、市场定位、SWOT分析、品牌管理、市场营销组合和市场营销环境等因素，以制定更有效的市场策略。
希望本文的
答案解析对读者们有所帮助，能够更好地掌握市场营销知识。