sci论文英文写作技巧！

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SCI医学英语论文写作格式和技巧

论文的署名是一个很重要的问题。署名一则是分享成果的荣誉，二则是一种责任。实验的实施者和执笔者为第一作者。实验的设计者（指导者）等（如导师或科研团队的领队）可为通讯作者，列在排名的最后一位。
２．４Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ一摘要是对论文内容的简短陈述，为读者阅读、信息检索提供方便，不宜太详尽，也不宜太简短，１００～２５０个英文单词。摘要主要有两大类：说明性摘要 —— 只向读者指出论文的主要议题是什么，不涉及具体的研究方法和结果。一股适用于综述性文章，也用于讨论、评论性文章，以介绍某学科近期发展动态的
２．２Ａｕｔｈｏｒ（ｓ）一作者姓名按照欧美国家的习惯，名字（ｆｉｒｓｔｎａｍｅ）在前，姓氏（ｓｕｒｎａｍｅ／ｆａｍｉｌｙｎａｍｅ／ｌａｓｔｎａｍｅ）在后，逐一写出各自的姓名，以下几种写法都可以。
ＬｕｘｉｎＹａｎｇ／ＹａｎｇＬｕｘｉｎ／ＺＨＡＮＧｈｏｎｇＪｕｎ
ＤＯＩ：１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００１－８９７２２０１３．０５．０３８
基金项目：中国医科大学 “十二五 ”第一批医学教育科学研究立项课题，课题批准号ＹＤＪＫ２０１１０６６，课题名称：ＳＣＩ医学英语论文写作教学改革研究与实践
ＳＣＩ医学英语论文写作格式和技巧
李岩中医科大学，辽宁沈阳１１０００
论文结构是重点，医学英语论文写作有着自己的一套规则和格式，在文章结构和文字表达上都有其特点，只有严格遵循国际标准和相应刊物的规定，才能提高所投稿件的录用率。

SCI 写作与投稿

The reviewer(s) have recommended publication, but also suggest some minor
revisions to your manuscript. Therefore, I invite you to respond to the reviewer(s)' comments and revise your manuscript.
communicate with editors of
scientific journals
Cover letter
Dear Editors: We would like to submit the enclosed manuscript entitled “Paper Title”, which we wish to be considered for publication in “Journal Name”. No conflict of interest exits in the submission of this manuscript, and manuscript is approved by all authors for publication. I would like to declare on behalf of my co-authors that the work described was original research that has not been published previously, and not under consideration for publication elsewhere, in whole or in part. All the authors listed have approved the manuscript that is enclosed. In this work, we evaluated …… I hope this paper is suitable for “Journal Name”. The following is a list of possible reviewers for your consideration: 1) Name A E-mail: ××@×× 2) Name B E-mail: ××@××× We deeply appreciate your consideration of our manuscript, and we look forward to receiving comments from the reviewers. If you have any queries, please don’t hesitate to contact me at the address below. Thank you and best regards. Yours sincerely, ×××

SCI论文写作指导

如何写SCI文章第1页SCI论文写作指导（题目—摘要—前言—结果—讨论—期刊—投稿）最近收集到一份实用、高效、全面的写作指导，具体内容如下（具体每点见相应的编号文章）1.Focusing on Your Central Message2.Eight Steps to Developing an Effective Outline3.Twelve Steps to Developing an Effective First Draft4.Ten Steps to Writing an Effective Abstract5.Ten Steps to Writing an Effective Introduction6.Twelve Steps to Writing an Effective Results Section7.Fourteen Steps to Writing an Effective Discussion Section8.Twelve Steps to Writing an Effective Materials and Methods9.Twelve Steps to Developing Effective Tables and FIgures10.Developing an Effective Title11.Selecting a Journal12.Responding to Reviewers13.Eleven Reasons why Manuscripts are Rejected14.Journal Submission Checklist15.Promoting Your PublicationFocusing on your Central MessageSan Francisco EditThis is one of the most important parts of writing your paper, and one that is often overlooked. Think carefully about what it is that you want your readers to understand about your work. Remember, we are all busy and we need to absorb your message quickly and clearly. Try these exercises:1. Write down the three central points of your paper.2. Summarize your paper in one sentence.3. Describe your work to a colleague in one minute.These might sound easy, but try them and you'll find out they aren't!Don't rush this part of your planning. It is worth spending time getting it right. Once you have mastered these exercises you will feel more confident about the whole writing process that follows.A common problem with summarizing your work is that there are usually several major findings. This exercise is meant to focus your thinking on the central issues. It is not going to form the published abstract. So, if you really can't squeeze your key message into one sentence don't worry. Try to do it in two. If you can't do that then you need to take a careful look at the reasons. Remember, this is a very important part of the process for writing papers so work at it. Talk to your colleagues and see if between you it is possible to highlight the central message of your work.A number of studies have indicated that a badly written manuscript with poor use of English, even with good science, has less chance of being accepted and published.Eight Steps to Developing an Effective OutlineSan Francisco EditPreparing an outline is the most important step in the process of producing a manuscript for publication in a journal. The outline bears roughly the same relation to the final manuscript as an architectural blueprint does to a finished house.Its purpose of an outline is to divide the writing of the entire paper into a number of smaller tasks.A good outline will organize the various topics and arguments in logical form. By ordering the topics you will identify, before writing the manuscript, any gaps that might exist.There is no single best way to prepare a scientific manuscript, except as determined by the individual writer and the circumstances. You should know your own style of writing best. Whatever you decide to do, you should follow at least these steps before beginning to write your manuscript.Remember, at this stage, you are only constructing an outline. You are not writing; you just need to put down some notes to guide your thinking.1. Develop a central message of the manuscriptPrepare a central message sentence (20-25 words). If you were asked to summarize your paper in one sentence, what would you say? Everything in the manuscript will be written to support this central message.2. Define the materials and methodsBriefly state the population in which you worked, the sampling method you employed, the materials you used, and most importantly, the methods you used to carry out the study3. Summarize the question(s) and problem(s)What was known before you started the study? What answers were needed to address the problem(s)? List the key points pertaining to the question(s) and problem(s). What did you do to answer the question(s)?4. Define the principal findings and resultsYour central message sentence probably encapsulates the most important findings. There may be others that you feel ought to be included. List these in note form. Don't worry about the order or about how many you put down.5. Describe the conclusions and implicationsMake brief notes on each of the implications that arise from your study. What are the principal conclusions of your findings? What is new in your work and why does it matter? What are the limitations and the implications of your results? Are there any changes in practice, approaches or techniques that you would recommend?6. Organize and group related ideas togetherList each key point separately. Key points can be arranged chronologically, by order of importance or by some other pattern. The organizing scheme should be clear and well structured. You can use a cluster map, an issue tree, numbering, or some other organizational structure.Identify the important details, describe the principal findings, and provide your analysis and conclusions that contribute to each key point.7. Identify the references that pertain to each key point8. Develop the introductionBefore beginning on the introduction, read through the notes you have made so far in your outline. Read them through and see whether there is a coherent and cohesive story and a unifying theme that runs through the outline.Your introduction outline should start with the main message, describe what the purpose or objective of your study was, how you went about doing the study, what you found and what are the implications of what you found.Twelve Steps to Developing an Effective First Draft of your ManuscriptSan Francisco EditYou should now have detailed notes you can use to write your draft paper. If you don’t have one already, it may help to prepare an outline for each section which includes a number of major headings, sub-headings and paragraphs covering different points. If you need help in preparing an outline see our article Eight Steps to Developing an Effective Manuscript Outline at /newsletters.htm. At this point you will need to convert your notes and outline into narrative form.Some people recommend that you begin with the Introduction and continue in order through each section of the paper to help ensure flow. Others suggest that you begin with the easiest sections, which are usually the Methods and Results, followed by the Discussion, Conclusion, Introduction, References and Title, leaving the Abstract until the end. The main thing is to begin writing and begin filling up the blank screen or piece of paper.1. Consolidate all the information. Ensure you have everything you need to write efficiently, i.e., all data, references, drafts of tables and figures, etc.2. Target a journal. Determine the journal to which you plan to submit your manuscript and write your manuscript according to the focus of the targeted journal. The focus may be clearly stated within the journal or may be determined by examining several recent issues of the targeted journal.3. Start writing. When writing the first draft, the goal is to put something down on paper, so it does not matter if sentences are incomplete and the grammar incorrect, provided that the main points and ideas have been captured. Write when your energy is high, not when you are tired. Try to find a time and place where you can think and write without distractions.4. Write quickly. Don't worry about words, spelling or punctuation at all at this stage, just ideas. Keep going. Leave gaps if necessary. Try to write quickly, to keep the flow going. Use abbreviations and leave space for words that do not come to mind immediately.5. Write in your own voice. Expressing yourself in your own way will help you to say what you mean more precisely. It will be easier for your reader if they can “hear” your voice.6. Write without editing. Don't try to get it right the first time. Resist the temptation to edit as you go. Otherwise, you will tend to get stuck and waste time. If you try to write and edit at the same time, you will do neither well.7. Keep to the plan of your outline. Use the headings from your outline to focus what you want to say. If you find yourself wandering from the point, stop and move on to the next topic in the outline.8. Write the paper in parts. Don't attempt to write the whole manuscript at once, instead, treat each section as a mini essay. Look at your notes, think about the goal of that particular section and what you want to accomplish and say.9. Put the first draft aside. Put aside your first draft for at least one day. The idea of waiting a day or more is to allow you to "be" another person. It is difficult to proofread and edit your own work; a day or more between creation and critique helps.10. Revise it. Revise it and be prepared to do this several times until you feel it is not possible to improve it further. The objective is to look at your work not as its author, but as a respectful but stern critic. Does each sentence make sense? In your longer sentences, can you keep track of the subject at hand? Do your longer paragraphs follow a single idea, or can they be broken into smaller paragraphs? These are some of the questions you should ask yourself.11. Revise for clarity and brevity. Revise sentences and paragraphs with special attention to clearness. For maximum readability, most sentences should be about 15-20 words. For a scientific article, paragraphs of about 150 words in length are considered optimal. Avoid using unnecessary words.12. Be consistent. Often a manuscript has more than one author and therefore the writing may be shared. However, the style needs to be consistent throughout. The first author must go through the entire manuscript and make any necessary editorial changes before submitting the manuscript to the journal.Ten Steps to Writing an Effective AbstractAn abstract is a condensed version of the manuscript, which highlights the major points covered, concisely describes its content and scope, and reviews its material in abbreviated form. It is usually the first section read and sets the tone of the paper for the reviewer. It must be concise and easy to read and must cover the important points of the paper.Many publications have a required style for abstracts; the "Guidelines for Authors" provided by the publisher will provide specific instructions. Stay within the publisher’s guidelines, or your manuscript might be rejected.Writing an abstract involves summarizing a whole manuscript and providing as much new information as possible. The best way to write an effective abstract is to start with a draft of the complete manuscript and follow these 10 steps:1.Identify the major objectives and conclusions.2.Identify phrases with keywords in the methods section.3.Identify the major results from the discussion or results section.4.Assemble the above information into a single paragraph.5.State your hypothesis or method used in the first sentence.6.Omit background information, literature review, and detailed description ofmethods.7.Remove extra words and phrases.8.Revise the paragraph so that the abstract conveys only the essentialinformation.9.Check to see if it meets the guidelines of the targeted journal.10.Give the abstract to a colleague (preferably one who is not familiar with yourwork) and ask him/her whether it makes sense.Writing an effective abstract will improve the chances of your manuscript being accepted, encourage people to read it, and increase its impact.A number of studies have indicated that a badly written manuscript with poor use of English, even with good science, has less chance of being accepted and published.Ten Steps to Writing an Effective IntroductionSan Francisco EditThe purpose of the Introduction is to stimulate the reader’s interest and to provide pertinent background information necessary to understand the rest of the paper. You must summarize the problem to be addressed, give background on the subject, discuss previous research on the topic, and explain exactly what the paper will address, why, and how. Besides motivating a reader to read your manuscript and to care about your results, the Introduction is useful also to the journal’s reviewers and editors in judging the importance of your manuscript.An Introduction is usually 300 to 500 words, but may be more, depending on the journal and the topic. Therefore, the Introduction needs to be very concise, well structured, and inclusive of all the information needed to follow the development of your findings.Some people recommend that the Introduction be the first section written when writing a manuscript. If you need help beginning, please read our article Twelve Steps in Developing an Effective First Draft at /newsletters.htm.Below are the steps in developing an effective Introduction. However, since every journal is different, it is important that you look at papers in your targeted journal to determine whether they use all of these steps. For example, some journals do not include conclusions in the Introduction.1. Begin the Introduction by providing a concise background account of the problemstudied.2. State the objective of the investigation. Your research objective is the mostimportant part of the introduction.3. Establish the significance of your work: Why was there a need to conduct the study?4. Introduce the reader to the pertinent literature. Do not give a full history of the topic.Only quote previous work having direct bearing on the present problem.5. Clearly state your hypothesis, the variables investigated, and concisely summarizethe methods used.6. Define any abbreviations or specialized terms.7. Provide a concise discussion of the results and findings of other studies so thereader understands the big picture.8. Describe some of the major findings presented in your manuscript and explain howthey contribute to the larger field of research.9. State the principal conclusions derived from your results.10. Identify any questions left unanswered and any new questions generated by yourstudy.Other points to consider when writing your Introduction:1. Be aware of who will be reading your manuscript and make sure the Introduction isdirected to that audience.2. Move from general to specific: from the problem in the real world to the literature toyour research.3. Write in the present tense except for what you did or found, which should be in thepast tense.4. Be concise.Twelve Steps to Writing an Effective Results SectionSan Francisco EditThe purpose of a Results section is to present the key results of your research without interpreting their meaning. It cannot be combined with the Discussion section unless the journal combines the Results and Discussion into one section. The results should be presented in an orderly sequence, using an outline as a guide for writing and following the sequence of the Methods section upon which the results are based. For every result there must be a method in the Methods section. It is important to carefully plan the tables and figures to ensure that their sequencing tells a story. If you need help in preparing an outline see our article Eight Steps to Developing an Effective Manuscript Outline at /newsletters.htm.1. Determine which results to present by deciding which are relevant to the question(s) presented in the Introduction irrespective of whether or not the results support the hypothesis(es). The Results section does not need to include every result you obtained or observed.2. Organize the data in the Results section in either chronological order according to the Methods or in order of most to least important. Within each paragraph, the order of most to least important results should be followed.3. Determine whether the data are best presented in the form of text, figures, graphs, or tables.4. Summarize your findings and point the reader to the relevant data in the text, figures and/or tables. The text should complement the figures or tables, not repeat the same information.5. Describe the results and data of the controls and include observations not presented in a formal figure or table, if appropriate.6. Provide a clear description of the magnitude of a response or difference. If appropriate, use percentage of change rather than exact data.7. Make sure that the data are accurate and consistent throughout the manuscript.8. Summarize the statistical analysis and report actual P values for all primary analyses.9. Use the past tense when you refer to your results.10. Number figures and tables consecutively in the same sequence they are first mentioned in the text. Depending on the journal, they should be in order at the end of the report after the References, or located appropriately within the text of your results section.11. Provide a heading for each figure and table. Depending on the journal the table titles and figure legends should be listed separately or located above the table or below the figure. Each figure and table must be sufficiently complete that it could stand on its own, separate from the text.12. Write with accuracy, brevity and clarity.Fourteen Steps to Writing an Effective Discussion SectionSan Francisco EditThe purpose of the Discussion is to state your interpretations and opinions, explain the implications of your findings, and make suggestions for future research. Its main function is to answer the questions posed in the Introduction, explain how the results support the answers and, how the answers fit in with existing knowledge on the topic. The Discussion is considered the heart of the paper and usually requires several writing attempts.The organization of the Discussion is important. Before beginning you should try to develop an outline to organize your thoughts in a logical form. You can use a cluster map, an issue tree, numbering, or some other organizational structure. The steps listed below are intended to help you organize your thoughts. If you need additional help see our articles Eight Steps to Developing an Effective Manuscript Outline and Twelve Steps to Developing an Effective First Draft of your Manuscript at/newsletters.htm.To make your message clear, the discussion should be kept as short as possible while clearly and fully stating, supporting, explaining, and defending your answers and discussing other important and directly relevant issues. Care must be taken to provide a commentary and not a reiteration of the results. Side issues should not be included, as these tend to obscure the message. No paper is perfect; the key is to help the reader determine what can be positively learned and what is more speculative.1. Organize the Discussion from the specific to the general: your findings to the literature, to theory, to practice.2. Use the same key terms, the same verb tense (present tense), and the same point of view that you used when posing the questions in the Introduction.3. Begin by re-stating the hypothesis you were testing and answering the questions posed in the introduction.4. Support the answers with the results. Explain how your results relate to expectations and to the literature, clearly stating why they are acceptable and how they are consistent or fit in with previously published knowledge on the topic.5. Address all the results relating to the questions, regardless of whether or not the findings were statistically significant.6. Describe the patterns, principles, and relationships shown by each majorfinding/result and put them in perspective. The sequencing of providing this information is important; first state the answer, then the relevant results, then cite the work of others. If necessary, point the reader to a figure or table to enhance the “story”.7. Defend your answers, if necessary, by explaining both why your answer is satisfactory and why others are not. Only by giving both sides to the argument can you make your explanation convincing.8. Discuss and evaluate conflicting explanations of the results. This is the sign of a good discussion.9. Discuss any unexpected findings. When discussing an unexpected finding, begin the paragraph with the finding and then describe it.10. Identify potential limitations and weaknesses and comment on the relative importance of these to your interpretation of the results and how they may affect the validity of the findings. When identifying limitations and weaknesses, avoid using an apologetic tone.11. Summarize concisely the principal implications of the findings, regardless of statistical significance.12. Provide recommendations (no more than two) for further research. Do not offer suggestions which could have been easily addressed within the study, as this shows there has been inadequate examination and interpretation of the data.13. Explain how the results and conclusions of this study are important and how they influence our knowledge or understanding of the problem being examined.14. In your writing of the Discussion, discuss everything, but be concise, brief, and specific.Twelve Steps to Writing an Effective Materials and MethodsSan Francisco EditIn the Materials and Methods section you explain clearly how you conducted your study in order to: (1) enable readers to evaluate the work performed and (2) permit others to replicate your study.You must describe exactly what you did: what and how experiments were run, what, how much, how often, where, when, and why equipment and materials were used. The main consideration is to ensure that enough detail is provided to verify your findings and to enable the replication of the study.You should maintain a balance between brevity (you cannot describe every technical issue) and completeness (you need to give adequate detail so that readers know what happened).This should be the easiest section to write. If you need help beginning, please read our article Twelve Steps in Developing an Effective First Draft at/newsletters.htm.Since each journal has different requirements, review the journal’s guidelines before beginning to write this section. The steps listed here are a general compilation of these requirements.1. Order your procedures chronologically or by type of procedure and then chronologically within type of procedure using sub-headings, where appropriate, to clarify what you did. It is up to you to decide what order of presentation will make the most sense to your reader.2. Use the past tense and the third person to describe what you did. For example: “The sample was incubated at 37ºC for 3 days.” - NOT: “I incubate the sample at 37ºC for 3 days.”3. Describe your experimental design clearly, including the hypotheses you tested, variables measured, how many replicates you had, controls, treatments, etc.4. Explain why each procedure was done. Reference may be made to a published paper as an alternative to describing a lengthy procedure.5. Identify the source of any specific type of equipment, a specific enzyme, organism, or a culture from a particular supplier, which is critical to the success of the experiment.6. Describe in detail any modifications to equipment or equipment constructed specifically for the study and, if pertinent, provide illustrations of the modifications.7. Precisely quantify measurements (all metric) and include errors of measurement.8. Describe the dates and the site where your field study was conducted including physical and biological characteristics of the site, if pertinent to the study’s objectives.9. Identify treatments using the variable or treatment name, rather than an ambiguous, generic name or number (e.g., use "healthy donors" rather than "group 1").10. If required by the journal, mention the approval for the study by the relevant ethics committee(s) and the informed consent of the subjects.11. Describe statistical tests and the comparisons made; ordinary statistical methods should be used without comment; advanced or unusual methods may require a literature citation.12. Show your Materials and Methods section to a colleague and ask whether they would have difficulty in repeating your study.Other points to consider when writing the Materials and Methods:1. Don't mix results with procedures.2. Omit all explanatory information and background - save it for the discussion.3. Don’t include information that is irrelevant to the reader, such as what color ice bucket you used, or which individual logged in the data.Twelve Steps to Developing Effective Tables and FiguresSan Francisco EditThe purpose of tables and figures is to report data too numerous or complicated to be described adequately in the text and/or to reveal trends or patterns in the data. Tables and figures are critical. If readers go beyond the abstract, they are likely to examine the tables and figures next.Before writing the first draft of your manuscript, it is important to organize the data you plan to present in the manuscript. By preparing the tables and figures, their titles and legends, and appropriate statistical analyses, you will be certain of your results before you need to interpret them. At this time you will also be able to determine if you have all the data you need. Before writing the first draft, it is important to plan which results answer the questions you posed in your research and which data can be left out.If you need help beginning, please read our article Twelve Steps in Developing an Effective First Draft at /newsletters.htm.1. Decide which results to present, paying attention to whether data are best presented within the text or as tables or figures.2. Limit the number of tables and figures to those that provide essential information that could not adequately be presented in the text.3. Include only results which are relevant to the question(s) posed in the introduction, irrespective of whether or not the results support the hypothesis(es).4. Design each table and figure to be understandable on its own, without reference to the text.5. Number each figure and table in the order in which they are referred to in the text (figures and tables are numbered separately).6. Organize the tables and figures in such an order that they tell a story.7. Check with the targeted journal, but typically tables and figures are located on separate pages that follow the Reference section.8. Make sure there is no page break in the middle of a table or figure, if the journal wants the tables and figures integrated into the text. Do not wrap text around tables and figures.9. Be sure all figures and tables are referenced in the text of the article.10. Obtain permission from the copyright holder (usually the publisher) and acknowledge the source, if you are including a table or figure that has already been published.11. Write the table titles and figure legends in the past tense.12. Provide information regarding what is presented in the table or figure in the table titles and figure legends, but not a summary or interpretation of the results.TablesTables are used to make an article more readable by removing numeric data from the text. Tables can also be used to synthesize existing literature, to explain variables, or to present the wording of survey questions.1. Create tables with the table function (pull down menu) in Microsoft Word. Do not use tabs.2. Use column headings and table notes accurately to simplify and clarify the table. In most cases, the meaning of each column should be apparent without reference to the text.3. Check with the journal, but most journals want the table title and table on the same page, with each table on a separate page in numerical order.FiguresFigures provide visual impact and therefore they are often the best way to communicate the primary finding. Figures are traditionally used to display trends and group results but can also be used effectively to communicate processes or to display detailed data simply.1. Label each axis including units of measurement and clearly identify the data you are displaying (e.g. label each line in a graph).2. Check with the journal, but most want the figure legends listed in numerical order ona separate page and each figure on a separate page in numerical order.。

如何向SCI收录的优秀期刊投稿：SCI论文写作的语言技巧

叙述一个问题的几个方面。这种情况下，一定
要注意逻辑结构。

（）讨论部份的整体结构：３小标题是把问题
论的问题上来。尽量减少不必要的争论。
分为几个片段的好方法通常第一个片段指出
引导出自己研究的重要性？在叙述前人成果之后，用Ｈｗｖｒ引导不足，提出一种新方法ｏｅｅ采
题提前给一个交代，同时表明你已经在思考这
些问题，但是由于丈章长度，试验进度或者试
验手段的制约，暂时不能回答这些问题但通
ａｃｕｔｏ（ｔｒｒｔｔｉ… …ＯｒＩｉｏｉｌｃｏｎｒｉｅｐｅ）ｈｓｆｎｐｓｅｔｓｂ
ＳｕｅＮ，ｌｔｔＨｏｔＫ，Ｂｕｅｈｍｅ１ＡｕｏｏｇｕｅｕｆｒｚｂｎｅｉＭ，ｔａ．ｔｌｏｓｓｒｍｏｉｏａｉｎａｎｘａｓｏｆｕａｅｅｃｙｌｔｍｅｌｒｓｌｔｄｅｐｎｉｎｏｍｎｍｓｎｈｍａｅｃｌｆｏｈｓｓｏ
关心某一特定时间范围的问题，Ｗｅ
ｐｅｉｎｒｃｓｏｅｏｄｒｙｕｇｒ… … ｒｌａｉｆｕｎｔｌｅ（ｏｎｅ）ｍｉｌｏｙｈ如有两种时间尺度（ｎ－ｒａｄｈｒ１ｇｔｍｏｅｎｓｏｔ
ＣｒｌｒＬＫａｈｎｅＡ，ｏｏＪ。ｔａ．ｓｌｔｏｆｉｅ，ｚａｉＹｎＴｅ１１ｏａｉｎｏｇａｍｅｅｎｈｍａｅＩｏｐｌｔｏｏｍｕｉｅｄｍｉｈｔｃｔｎｓｃｙＩｌｐｕａｉｎｆｍｒｅｒｓｔａｏｎａｉｓｃｒｎｐｏｅｔｓｏｌｐｅｃｌｉｅａｅ．ＡＳＥＪｒｇｎｉｍｕｔｌｅｌｌｏｒｆｉｎｇｓＦＢ．

SCI 论文写作从摘要到结论的常用模板句式

Abstract一、在摘要中直接提出论文主题的句型和句式1、In this paper, we present a … approach to …本文提出了一种针对…的…方法。

2、In this paper, we describe improved … models for …本文介绍几种针对…的改进的…模型。

3、We propose a new … model and … algorithm that enables us to …我们提出一种新的…模型和…算法，它让我们能够…4、We present a … model that enables …我们提出了一种…模型，它使我们能够…5、This paper demonstrates the ability of … to perform robust and accurate …本文证明了…进行…可靠准确的…的能力。

6、In this paper we report results of a … approach to …本文报导了…的…方法的实验结果。

7、This paper demonstrates that … can effectively … with very high accuracy.本文证明，…能够有效地准确地…8、The purpose/goal/intention/objective/object/emphasis/aim of this paper is …本文的目的是…9、The primary/chief/overall/main object of this study is to survey …本研究的首要目标是考察…10、The chief aim of this paper/research/study/experiment/the present work is …本文的主要目标是…11、 The emphasis of this study lies in …我们的研究重点是…12、The work presented in this paper focuses on …本文所述工作重点放在…13、Our goal has been to provide …我们的目标是提供…14、The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain some knowledge of …我们的研究目标是获取有关…的知识。

英文论文写作,投稿过程中的注意事项及写作心得

英文论文写作、投稿过程中的注意事项及写作心得【写作前准备】1、自己的实验结果是否够发一篇SCI文章？2、适合发表在什么杂志？是选择专业期刊？还是综合期刊？3、为什么类型的投稿（Types of submission）？比如Articles（论著）；Reviews（综述）；Reports（报告）；Letter to editor（来信）等。

4、该杂志的影响因子（Impact factor）是多少，每年发表多少文章？是否有过本土中国人在上面发表？（便于评价自己的文章被接收的可能性）。

6、有没有下载该杂志最新的投稿须知（Instructions for authors）？7、是否弄清楚了投稿须知各个条目的意思？8、是否接收网上投稿(Submission on line)（一般有网上投稿的杂志更为方便）？9、是否收版面费(Page charges)？如果论文被接收，自己的经济能力能否支付该杂志的发表全部费用。

10、手头有多少相关内容的文献？（越多越好，这样写作的时候能借鉴他们的思路和语句，对分析讨论的开展也很有好处）【写作环节】1、不要用中国式的思维去写英文句子。

2、套用老外的写作思路（比如前言第1段写对疾病的认识及重要性，第2段对基本背景知识的介绍，第3段如何引出研究问题。

讨论部分往往每一段第一句为该段的中心句。

）3、格式一定要严格按照所投杂志的要求来排版（可以参考投稿须知的要求和该杂志最近发表的文章，要做到一模一样，这样编辑认为你是认真对待的）。

4、避免使用首次发现，该研究特别有意义的语句（老外喜欢你陈述事实，是不是首次发现由别人说了算，有没有意义需要时间来检验）。

5、首页有什么特殊要求？比如是否写清了通讯作者（Corresponding author）和页眉标题（Running title），Running title是否符合字符数要求，一般50个字符以下。

首页是否要求标明全文字符数（The number of characters must be listed on the title page）。

sci related work 写作技巧

科学相关工作写作技巧1.引言科学相关工作的写作是科研工作者必须掌握的重要技能之一。

一篇优秀的科学论文不仅需要有严谨的实验设计和分析，更需要有清晰明了的写作语言和合理结构的文章框架。

本文将就科学相关工作的写作技巧进行探讨，希望能够为科研工作者提供一些帮助和启发。

2.明确写作目的在进行科学相关工作的写作前，首先要明确写作的目的。

是要发表在学术期刊上，还是用于申请科研项目或是向同行介绍自己的研究成果？不同的写作目的会决定文章的写作方式、语言风格以及论证的深入程度。

在开始写作前，务必对写作目的有清晰的认识。

3.扎实的研究基础科学相关工作的写作必须建立在扎实的研究基础之上。

在进行实验研究或文献综述之前，务必对相关领域的前沿研究和发展趋势有全面的了解。

只有在对领域内的研究基础有深入的了解和把握之后，才能够有针对性地进行研究设计和实验分析，并将研究成果用准确的语言表达出来。

4.清晰的逻辑结构一篇优秀的科学论文必须有清晰的逻辑结构，这是读者能否准确理解和接受文章的重要保障。

在写作过程中，务必注意文章的框架和结构安排。

在文章的开头要明确阐述研究的背景和意义，引出研究的问题和目的。

在文章的主体部分要对实验设计和方法、结果分析以及结论进行条理清晰的叙述。

在文章的结尾要对研究的局限性和可能的拓展方向进行讨论。

只有有了清晰的逻辑结构，读者才能够迅速抓住文章的重点，准确理解作者的研究成果。

5.准确的语言表达科学相关工作的写作必须使用准确、清晰的语言表达。

避免使用过于复杂的词汇和语句结构，以免增加读者的阅读难度。

要注意使用学术规范的术语和定义，避免术语使用不当或概念解释不清晰。

在叙述实验方法和结果时，要用简练的语句表达实验步骤和数据统计，准确描述实验结果和分析过程。

只有语言表达准确明了，才能够真正吸引读者并确保研究成果得到准确的传达。

6.精益求精在进行科学相关工作的写作时，务必精益求精，追求完美。

在完成初稿后，要进行反复修改和润色，力求文字通顺、语言得体。

SCI论文全攻略(二)(转载)

SCI论文全攻略（二）（转载）Introduction同样要保证简短，顺序是一般背景介绍、别人工作成果、自己的研究目的及工作简介，其中介绍别人工作时只需介绍和自己最相关的方面(very relevant)，而对自己的工作介绍不用说明细节，因为这个要放到body中去。

不要忘记在介绍自己工作之前要有一个declarative statement。

Body部分可以分为methods、result和discussiong三个部分：①Methods，详尽的介绍自己的实验方案以便于他人能够重复自己的实验过程，对于通用的实验方案可以简略，重点要放到自己的独创方案上面(own procedures)，按照实验的先后顺序介绍，为了文章的阅读方便，不要使用过多层次的subheadings，比如subsubsubsection等等。

②Result，使用text、table、figure等手段表达出来，其中table不要使用过多，而figure必须保证图线清楚、注解明确，必要的时候还要对于自己的result中的一些结论进行解释说明。

③Discussion，这个部分是为了以后的study，在其中提出自己的problem或者是hypothesis，和别人的成果进行比较，暗示自己的主要收获，为后面的conclusion做准备。

Conclusion中不要包含body以外的information，保持brief、neat和concise，一定要舍得结束自己的paper；如果自己的paper只是project的一部分，稍做说明。

Revison是在写完之后回头看看是否有逻辑上的错误，是否考虑到了读者兴趣，自己的declarative statement是否令人满意，Brevity is the soul of literary construction。

Acknowledgement，不要忘记，这个反应了一个人的个人品质。

五、How to Write an Article by Gill B.We very much welcome articles written by forumers, whether historical, strategic or about castles. Hopefully you will find a few hints and a bit of advice here which will help.1. Before you do anything at all, check that nobody is already writing a similar article. You don’t want to spend a long time on research and writing only to find that someone else has already written about the same thing. Probably, for simplicity, you should mail your idea to me and I can check with the right person.2. It helps if you can write in clear and correct English. However, if English isn’t your first language, don’t let this put you off. I am happy to edit/proof read/anglicise what you have written.3. Look at previous articles on the site to see the sort of thing we like. Historical articles need to be factual, but not too dry. Strategy/design articles need to be accurate. Both need to be about something not already covered on the site.4. Your article needs to be original. You will need to do a lot of research on the web and/or in books. Of course you can use the information you find, but it will need to be rewritten in your own words. If you are using the internet for your research, try to find at least two sites confirming the information as there are some very inaccurate websites out there - we don’t want to be one of them.5. If at all possible you will need illustrations for your article.a) If they are your own photos, drawings or screen shots, that’s great.b) If you need an image of a unit, commodity or building from the game, there’s a good chance we will already have an image uploaded somewhere.c)If you want to use an image from another website, you will have to write and ask permission. Do this politely; explain about the article you are writing, tell them that there will be a link to their site and send them a link to Stronghold Heaven so that they can see where their images will be used. If you are lucky, they will reply straight away giving you permission. More likely they will not reply at all, in which case you will need to look elsewhere. Please note that, for these purposes, HeavenGames is considered a commercial site (because we make a little money on the adverts, not a lot, bu t it’s the idea that counts). This means a lot of pics that are in 'public’ domain, will not be available to us, as they are for non-commerical use only. Permission to use external images is mandatory and we may need to see it before your article can be uploaded. We do have blanket permission to use images from some Castle Sites as long as they are credited, which might help you in your search.6. The final bit.a) When you have written your article and are happy with it, send it to me, preferably as a .txt file (though a .doc file is OK), together with any images you want to use. If the images are external, let me have the url where they can be found. Indicate in the article where you want each image to be.b) I (or another angel) will edit it and query wit h you anything we don’t understand, then we will code and upload the article and you will be sent the url so you can have a look and see if you are happy with it.c) If not, we’ll work on getting it how you want it; if so, it will be newsed and linked in t o its appropriate place.六、撰写论文初稿(writing the first draft)：(1)材料和方法(methods and materials)：做了什么和怎样做？材料和方法是文章开始写作的最理想部分，这部分的内容作者最了解。

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sci论文英文写作技巧！
SCI论文对作者的英语水平要求非常高，一篇语言不够好的论文，即使内容再好也会被拒。

因此，作者在撰写SCI论文时，应以英文思维方式写作，注意中西语言表达的差异。

此外，请特别注意以下环节。

一、写作时态
英语中谓语动词有16种时态，在英文科技论文中使用较多的主要有3种：一般现在时、一般过去时和将来时。

正确使用动词时态是科技写作的基本功，我们在写英文论文的时候，如果不能正确选择时态，往往会改变文章的意思，影响审稿人和读者的理解。

如何在科技论文中正确使用时态，首先要掌握以下三个基本要点：
1.一般现在时：主要用于描述不受时间限制的客观事实，或描述撰写论文时发生或存在的感受、状态、关系等，或表达感谢等。

值得注意的是，出于尊重，凡是他人发表的研究成果在引用时一般使用一般现在时。

2.一般过去时：用于描述作者在论文中所做的工作。

例如，描述你的材料、方法和结果。

3.一般将来时：用于表示写完论文后的动作或存在状态。

比如提出下一步的研究方向。

二、写作语态
在科技论文摘要的翻译中，最常用的语态是被动语态。

与主动语态相比，被动语态在科技文摘翻译中具有以下优势：
1.科技论文往往需要介绍不以人的意志为转移的客观研究过程和实验结果，使用被动语态更能突出科学研究的客观性。

2.使用被动形式还可以避免提及动作的执行者，从而使动作的研究更具普遍性。

3.由于被动语态的特殊结构，在调整句式结构方面具有更大的灵活性，在增加词组结构、扩展句式信息的同时，有利于保持句式结构的平衡和整齐。

三、SCI论文中最有可能出现的词
SCI论文并不要求论文满满的文采，关键是把作者的意思表达清楚，让别人看得懂。

SCI论文中经常出现的词包括动名词和动词，还有现在分词、不定冠词、代词、副词、介词等。

因此，大面用词与其他写法没有太大区别。

但是由于学术论文的学术风格，论文中用词非常正式。

在写作过程中，don’t、can’t及won’t等字眼是很忌讳的。

另外，由于中国人的写作习惯，很多作者经常会出现and so worth及and so on等等，这些词在写英文论文的时候是非常忌讳的。

四、英文标点符号
中英文标点符号还是有一些区别的，比如英文肯定没有顿号，也没有书名号。

相应地，逗号常被用来分隔英语句子中的并列成分。

书籍和期刊名的标题通常用斜体字用来区分。

再者，英语中的省略号是三个点（...），如果省略号在句末加上句号，就是四个点（.....），但这种情况并不多（省略号和句点之间需要一个空格）。

五、句子和段落的连贯性和逻辑性
意义相近的句子必须用连词连接，否则句子会显得孤立。

衔接词是论文中用来说明下一句意思或前后两句意思之间关系的词或词组。