英语学术论文写作技巧academic writing skills(全英文版)
一些英文文章写作技巧
一些英文文章写作技巧Writing is an essential skill that everyone should strive to develop. Whether it is for academic or professional purposes, being able to effectively express ideas and communicate in writing is crucial. In this article, we will discuss some useful writing techniques that can help improve your English writing skills.1. Plan and organize your ideas: Before starting to write, it's important to spend some time planning and organizing your thoughts. This can be done through creating an outline or a mind map. By doing this, you will have a clear idea of what you want to convey in your writing and how you can structure your content.2. Start with an attention-grabbing introduction: The first paragraph of your essay or article should be interesting and engaging to captivate the readers' attention. You can start with a quote, an anecdote, or a thought-provoking question to grab the readers' attention and make them want to continue reading.3. Use concise and clear language: It's important to use clear and concise language when writing. Avoid using complex and unnecessary vocabulary or jargon that might confuse the readers. Use simple and straightforward words and sentences to convey your message effectively.4. Use paragraphs to organize your content: Break down your content into paragraphs to make it more readable and organized. Each paragraph should focus on one main idea or topic. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence and provide supporting details or examples to reinforce your point.5. Use transitional words and phrases: Transitional words and phrases help to create coherence and flow in your writing. Examples of transitional words and phrases include "however," "on the other hand," "in addition," "furthermore," and "consequently." These words and phrases help to connect ideas and make the writing more coherent.6. Use evidence and examples to support your points: When making an argument or expressing an opinion in your writing, it's important to back it up with evidence and examples. This helps to make your writing more convincing and credible. Use statistics, facts, or personal anecdotes to support your claims and strengthen your arguments.7. Revise and edit your writing: After completing your first draft, take some time to revise and edit your writing. Look for grammar and spelling errors, awkward sentence structures, and unclear or ambiguous phrases. It is also helpful to read your writing aloud to identify any areas that may need improvement. Remember, writing is a process, and it is through revision and editing that you refine your work and make it better.8. Read extensively: Reading extensively can greatly improve your writing skills. By reading different genres and styles of writing, you expose yourself to different writing techniques and styles. This helps you to expand your vocabulary, improve your grammar, and develop your own unique writing voice.9. Seek feedback: When possible, seek feedback from others onyour writing. This can be from teachers, colleagues, or friends. Feedback helps you to identify areas of improvement and provides valuable insights on how to refine your writing.10. Practice regularly: Like any skill, writing requires practice. Regularly writing and engaging in writing exercises can help you improve your writing skills over time. Set aside time each day or week to write, whether it is journaling, writing short stories or essays, or even blogging. The more you practice, the better you will become.In conclusion, writing is an important skill that can be developed and improved with practice and patience. By following these writing techniques, you can enhance your English writing skills and effectively convey your ideas and thoughts through your writing. Remember, writing is a lifelong journey, and with dedication and perseverance, you can become a proficient and confident writer.继续写相关内容，1500字11. Understand the purpose and audience: Before writing, it's crucial to understand the purpose of your writing and who your target audience is. Are you writing an academic paper, a professional email, or a blog post? Knowing your purpose helps you stay focused and tailor your writing to meet the specific needs of your audience. For example, an academic paper will require a more formal tone and cite credible sources, while a blog post may be more conversational and engaging.12. Develop strong thesis statements: In academic writing, a thesis statement is a concise and clear statement that presents the mainargument or point of your essay. It acts as a roadmap for your readers and helps them understand the main focus of your writing. Make sure your thesis statement is specific and arguable, and provide evidence or examples throughout your writing to support your thesis.13. Master the art of storytelling: Storytelling is a powerful tool in writing that captivates readers' attention and makes your content more relatable. Use anecdotes, personal experiences, or fictional narratives to convey your messages or illustrate complex ideas. This helps create an emotional connection with your readers and makes your writing more memorable.14. Use varied sentence structures and lengths: Monotonous writing can make your content dull and uninspiring. To engage your readers, vary your sentence structures and lengths. Use a mix of simple, compound, and complex sentences to add rhythm and interest to your writing. Short sentences can be impactful and concise, while longer sentences can be used for detailed explanations or descriptions.15. Practice active voice and avoid passive voice: The active voice adds clarity and strength to your writing, making it more direct and engaging. Active voice focuses on the subject performing the action, while passive voice emphasizes the receiver of the action. For example, "The dog chased the ball" (active voice) is more dynamic than "The ball was chased by the dog" (passive voice). Active voice is preferred in most writing situations, as it conveys a sense of ownership and responsibility.16. Use visuals and multimedia elements: To make your writing more visually appealing and engaging, consider incorporating visuals and multimedia elements. Images, charts, graphs, or videos can help illustrate your points or provide additional context. However, make sure the visuals you choose are relevant and enhance your writing, rather than distracting from it.17. Pay attention to grammar and punctuation: Accurate grammar and punctuation are essential in effective writing. They ensure clarity and coherence, and prevent misunderstandings. Use grammar checkers and proofreading tools to identify errors, but also develop an understanding of grammar rules and punctuation. Practice using commas, semicolons, colons, and other punctuation marks to enhance the structure and flow of your sentences.18. Balance creativity with clarity: While it's important to be creative and innovative in your writing, don't sacrifice clarity for the sake of being unique. Your writing should be understandable and accessible to your readers. Avoid overly complex sentence structures or excessive use of figurative language that may confuse your audience. Strive for a balance between creativity and clarity to effectively convey your ideas.19. Be concise and avoid unnecessary repetition: Good writing is concise and to the point. Avoid unnecessary repetition and wordiness that may dilute the impact of your writing. Cut out filler words or phrases and ensure that each word contributes meaningfully to your message. Use strong verbs and precise language to convey your ideas succinctly.20. Embrace continuous learning: Writing is a lifelong learning process. Stay curious and embrace continuous learning to improve your writing skills. Read books, attend writing workshops, or take online courses to enhance your understanding of grammar, vocabulary, and writing techniques. Seek feedback from professionals in the field, and never stop seeking opportunities to refine your writing.In conclusion, developing strong writing skills is essential for effective communication in various aspects of life. By planning and organizing your ideas, writing concisely and clearly, using transitional words, providing evidence and examples, revising and editing your work, and engaging in regular practice, you can enhance your English writing abilities. Additionally, understanding your purpose and audience, storytelling, using varied sentence structures, applying active voice, incorporating visuals, maintaining grammar and punctuation accuracy, balancing creativity with clarity, being concise, and continuously learning can help take your writing to the next level. As with any skill, improvement comes with practice and dedication, and by following these techniques and committing to your growth as a writer, you can become a proficient and confident communicator in writing.。
英语满分作文技巧
英语满分作文技巧Essay Writing Tips for a Perfect Score。
Essay writing is an essential skill for students to master, as it is often used as a form of assessment in many academic settings. Whether it's for an exam, a class assignment, or a standardized test, knowing how to write a well-structured and coherent essay can make all the difference in achieving a high score. Here are some tips to help you improve your essay writing skills and achieve a perfect score.First and foremost, it is crucial to understand the prompt or question before you begin writing. Take the time to carefully read and analyze the prompt, and make sure you fully comprehend what is being asked of you. Pay attention to key words and phrases, and consider the purpose and audience of your essay. This will help you stay focused and on track as you write.Once you have a clear understanding of the prompt, it's important to brainstorm and plan your essay. Organize your thoughts and ideas, and create an outline to guide your writing. Consider the main points you want to make, and think about how you will support them with evidence and examples. A well-structured outline will help you stay organized and ensure that your essay flows logically from start to finish.When it comes to actually writing the essay, it's important to pay attention to your language and tone. Use clear and concise language, and avoid using overly complex or convoluted sentences. Be mindful of your tone, andstrive to maintain a formal and academic style throughout your essay. Additionally, be sure to use proper grammar, punctuation, and spelling to convey your ideas effectively.Another key aspect of essay writing is the use of evidence and examples to support your arguments. When making a point, be sure to back it up with relevant evidence and examples. This could include data, statistics, quotes from experts, or real-life examples. Providingstrong evidence will make your arguments more persuasive and help you build a convincing case for your position.In addition to using evidence, it's important to consider counterarguments and address them in your essay. Acknowledging and refuting opposing viewpoints demonstrates critical thinking and strengthens your own argument. It also shows that you have considered multiple perspectives on the issue at hand, which can impress your readers and earn you extra points.Finally, don't forget to revise and edit your essay before submitting it. Take the time to review your work, checking for any errors or inconsistencies. Look for opportunities to improve your language and structure, and make sure that your essay is well-organized and coherent. Consider seeking feedback from a teacher, tutor, or classmate to get a fresh perspective on your writing.In conclusion, essay writing is a skill that can be developed and refined with practice. By understanding the prompt, planning your essay, using clear and persuasivelanguage, providing evidence, addressing counterarguments, and revising your work, you can improve your essay writing skills and achieve a perfect score. Keep these tips in mind as you continue to practice and refine your writing, and you will be well on your way to becoming a proficient and effective essay writer.。
Academic Writing Skill
Preparation
Take down basic points from as many sources as you can manage and compare what the authors are saying as you are reading. There will be both similarities and differences in their views and it helps if you can begin to classify authors together.
Writing Style
Argument - an argument is a main idea backed up with evidence and support the idea
You need to challenge the idea , either defend it , refute it or offer some new idea of your own.
Introduction
Set the context of the essay Include a few opening sentences that
announce the title, and briefly explain the topic of the text. Present the aim of the text and summarize the main finding or key argument. Conclude the introduction with a brief statement of your evaluation of the text. This can be a positive or negative evaluation or, as is usually the case, a mixed response.
如何提高学术能力英语作文
如何提高学术能力英语作文English Answer：Enhancing Academic Proficiency in English Composition.Academic proficiency in English composition is acrucial skill that empowers students to effectively express their ideas, engage in critical thinking, and succeed in their studies. To cultivate this ability, severalstrategies can be employed:1. Immerse Yourself in Language:Engage with English texts regularly through reading, listening, and speaking. Exposure to diverse sources, such as literature, articles, and podcasts, broadens vocabulary, enhances comprehension skills, and improves fluency.2. Practice Regular Writing:Regular writing exercises are essential for developing proficiency. Engage in freewriting, structured essays, and timed writing to enhance your ability to organize ideas, construct coherent arguments, and adhere to grammatical conventions.3. Seek Feedback and Revise:Obtain feedback from teachers, peers, or writing centers to identify areas of improvement. Use this feedback to revise and polish your writing, refining your ideas, addressing errors, and enhancing clarity.4. Study Grammar and Vocabulary:A solid understanding of grammar and vocabulary forms the foundation for effective writing. Study grammar rules, practice sentence structures, and expand your vocabulary through word lists and flashcards. This will enable you to use language accurately and expressively.5. Utilize Technology:Leverage technology to enhance your learning. Utilize writing software with grammar and spell-check features, engage in online discussion forums to practice communication, and explore language learning apps to reinforce vocabulary and grammar.6. Seek Inspiration:Read exceptional works of literature and essays to inspire your writing. Analyze their structure, style, and use of language to glean insights and elevate your own writing.7. Set Realistic Goals:Break down your improvement journey into achievable goals. Set daily or weekly writing targets, focus on specific aspects of your writing, and track your progress to stay motivated.8. Find a Study Buddy:Collaborate with a peer or classmate to engage inwriting exercises, exchange feedback, and provide support. This can foster a positive and motivating learning environment.9. Leverage Opportunities:Participate in writing workshops, join writing clubs,or enroll in online writing courses. These opportunities provide structured learning environments and access to expert guidance.10. Maintain Patience and Dedication:Improving academic proficiency in English compositionis an ongoing process that requires patience and dedication. Embrace challenges as opportunities for growth and stay committed to your goal of becoming an effective communicator.中文回答：提高英语写作学术能力。
Essay Writing Skills 英文论文写作技能
Essay Writing SkillsThis guide is designed to help students to structure their work. Like any written work, essays require careful planning, reading and note taking, appropriate academic style, referencing and structure.An essay is different from a report in that it is generally written as one flowing document that uses paragraphs to separate ideas, without the section headings, underlining, numbering and bullet points that are used in reports. Usually, essays do NOT have diagrams or appendices.Essays have 4 vital sections: Introduction, Main Body, Conclusion and References/Bibliography. The word count applies to three essay sections, NOT including the References or Bibliography.The Introduction paragraph/sectionThis helps set the context for the essay. It introduces the main ideas of the essay and draws the reader into the subject. A good Introduction gets to the heart of the subject and captures（俘获）the interest of the reader, acting as a trailer to what is to follow. It tells readers what to expect by addressing Who, What, When, Where, Why and How? The Introduction outlines the main issues on which you intend to focus and others you just intend to mention. In this way it sets your parameters. It defines any terms or concepts that you need and acknowledges possible issues raised by the question and explains your approach. It could include a comment upon the importance of the topic. It may act as an overview in summarising the issues to show an understanding of the exact question and present the method of research or experiment. It is often about 10% of the length of the essay.An example of a basic Introduction for ‘Discuss the relevance of the marketing mix for a tourism organisation’ might be:The purpose of this essay is to… (repeat the essay task in your own words, i.e. discuss …). The basic marketing mix is known as the 4Ps and is attributed to McCarthy over 40 years ago. It is stilluseful and quoted today. This essay will use examples from P&O Cruises to discuss the relevance of the 4Ps – i.e. product, place, promotion and price. Because a tourism organisation offers an intangible service, the 4Ps apply in a different way to many products.A good Introduction might be:McCarthy’s 4Ps model of the marketing mix (1960) appears to have global recognition and is widely used. However, since the 1980s other academics such as Booms and Bitner (1981) have developed his theory and extended the marketing mix in order for it to apply more effectively to tourism by including other elements such as ‘People’ (as tourism is an intangible, non-standard, perishable product reliant on people delivering the service). This essay will define and discuss various marketing mix models and consider various views for either keeping a simple 4Ps or extending to 5Ps, 7Ps or more, and consider whether all aspects are equally relevant. The relevance of these marketing mixes will be applied to a tourist board, as this faces special challenges.The main body is the place for your evidence!The main section of the work should be organised into paragraphs which present the facts and develop the arguments. The structure will depend upon what you are asked to do, e.g. compare and contrast, analyse, critically evaluate, explain, etc..Address the exact task and focus of the question set. It is this difference that gives work better grades. Never write all you know about a topic!Decide on your main points. Organise these points in appropriate paragraphs to build your work in a series of logical steps to suit the essay’s length, complexity and purpose. P aragraphs group related sentences to develop each main idea, making it easier to follow your points. In each paragraph include PEEEL–P oint, E vidence, E xample, E xplain, L ink.Paragraphs need a key P oint which is often the first sentence. Define your point, clearly and concisely. Then include supporting E vidence, quote definitions, refer to facts, and other people’s theories that relate to the same point. Apply relevant E xamples to clarify. E xplain the relevance to the main point in following sentences. Often paragraphs have four to eight sentences that show your evidence and comments upon it. Make sure paragraphs L ink with preceding or subsequent content and use signposts and linking expressions frequently. Remember to keep linking to the essay title. The final sentence of a paragraph acts as link forward to the information of the next paragraph.So paragraphs share characteristics (UCOD). All the sentences in a paragraph have U nity as they should relate to the same point/ topic. Each paragraph should be C oherent, containing sentences in logical order, with linking words helping to make transitions between sentences. The O rder of information should be clear, whether it is chronological or by order of importance. Paragraphs can be D eveloped by using examples, comparison, contrast, statistics, definitions, analysis or a combination of these, depending on the purpose of writing o r the subject matter. Always check that you define (before you develop) important ideas/ concepts used in your work. Avoid long and rambling sentences and paragraphs. Consider the length of each paragraph and if the points could be more clearly expressed and if separate paragraphs are needed.Write as concisely as possible. Remember KISS; K eep I t S hort and S imple to make your meanings clear. Use Academic Style to check Business School requirements, which generally avoid using slang, informality and persona l pronouns like ‘I’or ‘We’or ‘You’.Use signposting words and phrases (e.g. therefore, however, conversely, again) to help readers follow your work. Phrases such as "The underlying reason" may be used to address thecause/effect and show relationships between concepts, etc. "It is disputable whether" may be used in arguments (i.e. giving and evaluating information). "The first factor to consider” may be used to order or process (showing how something is done).When you provide specific detail/s as evidence, follow Harvard Referencing system. Show how each reference used relates to the exact task and supports your points. You are the detective giving all possible evidence to support the case! State your evidence for all assertions. Avoid generalisations (e.g. All authors consider…), assumptions (e.g. People in Britain are British) and rhetorical questions (e.g. Why does this happen?). Choose your quotes carefully, keeping them brief and explaining the importance and relevance of each. You need to use as much evidence as possible! Quotes need to be within quotation marks and clearly state Author (year: page number). Paraphrased references need Author (year). Copy all reference details into the References/ Bibliography immediately, fully and accurately as this is better than compiling the list later.Refer to all your sources in 2 places:∙in the main body of your work in the abbreviated form∙in the last section, in a detailed list of References/Bibliography.Conclusions – Summarising key points in the last section/paragraphsRestate your focus by emphasising the key points, drawing together the threads of your work. A basic conclusion refers back to the main points, linking them to the exact task to prove that you have addressed it exactly. For example, ‘This essay has looked at the issues of… and found…’DO NOT include any new information/evidence because you are ‘summing up’ (as for a jury!). For this reason, you generally do not include any text citations but you may cross reference. Check your Conclusion refers back to the Introduction. Link them in case the reader was not paying attention! Make sure that your ending does not tail off weakly as a conclusion should be strong!This may be the place for you to form a judgement - your own personal conclusion/personal observations. Sometimes this is the place to make recommendations. Lecturers will advise you what they expect. Ask if you are unsure.References/ BibliographyFollow Harvard Referencing for all referencing and quotations. Referencing is the process of recording details of the secondary sources (books, journal articles, electronic sources etc.). Read the Harvard Referencing for examples of how to reference any sort of material. Check your Harvard Referencing is thorough - that you have included all your sources. Cross-reference points where possible to avoid repetition.Remember References at the back of your essay ONLY contain sources that you have referred to in the text. Bibliographies contain all the sources that you used in your research, e ven if you did not quote or refer to them specifically in your text. Your lecturer will advise you which they require.Finally - Hand in on time to avoid penalty!。
英文学术论文写作技巧(写作常用句型)
英文学术论文写作技巧（常用句型）用英语写学术论文的目的主要有两个，一是参加国际学术会议，在会议上宣讲，促进学术交流；二是在国际学术刊物上发表，使国外同行了解自己的研究成果，同样也是出于学术交流的目的。
不同的学科或领域、不同的刊物对论文的格式有不同的要求，但各个领域的研究论文在文体和语言特点上都有许多共性。
了解了这些语言共性，便会起到触类旁通的作用。
对我国青年学者或学生来说，用英语写作的难点不是没有写作材料，不是不熟悉专业词汇，也不是没有打下良好的英语基础。
用英语写论文难，是因为不太了解学术英语的语言特点。
关于学术英语写作的语言技巧，我们已在第一部分作了较详细的介绍。
此部分讨论学术论文写作的方法，包括学术论文写作中常用的句型结构，我们都在此作较详细介绍，以便读者模仿练习，将写作工作化难为易。
一般来说，一篇完整规范的学术论文由以下各部分构成：Title(标题)Abstract(摘要)Keywords(关键词)Table of contents(目录)Nomenclature(术语表)Introduction(引言)Method(方法)Results(结果)Discussion(讨论)Conclusion(结论)Acknowledgement(致谢)Reference(参考文献)Appendix(附录)其中Title，Abstract，Introduction，Method，Result，Discussion，Conclusion，Reference等八项内容是必不可少的(其他内容根据具体需要而定)。
在这八项内容中，读者最多的是Title，Abstract和Introduction部分，读者会根据这些内容来决定是否阅读全文。
也就是说，一篇研究论文赢得读者的多少，在很大程度上取决于Title，Abstract和Introduction写得好坏。
因此这三项内容将各分章详细加以讲述。
学术论文的正文一般包括Method，Result，Discussion三个部分。
如何提升写作技能英语作文
如何提升写作技能英语作文How to Improve Writing Skills。
Writing is an essential skill that everyone needs to develop, whether it's for academic purposes, professional communication, or creative expression. However, many people struggle with writing and find it challenging to convey their thoughts and ideas effectively on paper. Fortunately, there are several strategies that can help you improve your writing skills and become a more proficient writer.First and foremost, practice is key to improving your writing skills. The more you write, the better you will become. Set aside time each day to write, whether it's journaling, blogging, or working on a specific writing project. By consistently practicing your writing, you will develop your voice, style, and confidence as a writer.Another effective way to improve your writing skills is to read extensively. Reading a variety of genres, styles,and authors can expose you to different writing techniques and help you expand your vocabulary. Pay attention to how writers structure their sentences, develop their ideas, and use language to convey meaning. By studying the work of others, you can learn new ways to approach your own writing.In addition to practice and reading, seeking feedback from others can also help you improve your writing skills. Share your writing with friends, family members, teachers,or writing groups and ask for their honest feedback. Constructive criticism can provide valuable insights into your strengths and weaknesses as a writer and help you identify areas for improvement. Be open to feedback and use it as an opportunity to grow and develop your writingskills.Furthermore, learning grammar and punctuation rules can significantly enhance your writing. Understanding the basic principles of grammar and punctuation can help you communicate your ideas clearly and effectively. Take the time to review grammar rules, practice editing your writing, and seek out resources to help you improve your writingmechanics.Lastly, revising and editing your work is essential for improving your writing skills. After you have completed a draft, take the time to revise and refine your writing.Look for ways to strengthen your arguments, clarify your ideas, and enhance the overall structure and organizationof your piece. Editing for grammar, punctuation, andspelling errors is also crucial to producing polished and professional writing.In conclusion, improving your writing skills takes time, effort, and dedication. By practicing regularly, reading widely, seeking feedback, learning grammar rules, and revising your work, you can become a more proficient writer. Remember that writing is a process, and it's okay to make mistakes along the way. Embrace the opportunity to learnand grow as a writer, and you will see improvement in your writing skills over time.。
英文学术写作技巧句式有哪些
英文学术写作技巧句式有哪些在英文学术写作中，虽然正式的学术论文通常需要遵循严格的学术规范和结构，但为了满足您的特定要求，我将以口语化、多样化的方式展示一些常见的学术写作句式，每个段落将保持独立并体现不同的语言特点。
段落一：When discussing the methodology, it's crucial to be precise and clear. For instance, you might say, "To collect data, we used surveys and interviews with industry experts. This allowed us to gain a deeper understanding of the current trends and challenges in the field."段落二：In terms of the literature review, it's important to highlight key findings and put them in context. You could say something like, "Previous studies have shown that this approach has been effective in similar settings. However,there's still a need to explore how it applies in our specific context."段落三：Describing the results of your research can be exciting. Try using a more informal tone, like, "The results were pretty fascinating! We found that the intervention had a significant impact on participant outcomes."段落四：When discussing limitations, it's essential to behonest and.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Planning 1)
2) 3) Think of working title for the project 4) 5)
Researching 1)
2) 3)Highlight/take notes of relevant information 4) 5)
Writing up 1)
2) 3) 4) 5) Write the contents page, bibliography, title page and abstract.
Introduction
What are the problems we are now facing in terms of environmental protection/copyright protection? (Background information) What is college students’ awareness of environmental protection/copyright protection? (Background information) What do you think should be done to develop college students’ awareness? [You opinion on this question will help form your “thesis” --- that is the main argument you will present in your project.]
Conclusion
Based on the evidence you have presented above, what effective measures should be taken to raise college students’ awareness of environmental protection/copyright protection? Does the evidence you put together in the “main body” support the thesis you introduced in your introduction?
a) Read the first draft. b) Edit the draft --- decide objectively whether your ideas have been expressed clearly. c) Think of a working title for the project. d) Search for relevant journals/books/information in the library and on the Internet. e) Write down the details of your sources. f) Decide if you need to do more reading. g) Write the contents page, bibliography, title page and abstract. h) Arrange a tutorial with your tutor. i) Do some reading. j) Decide on a topic. k) Write the first complete draft. l) Highlight/take notes of relevant information. m) Plan the contents in detail. n) Work on establishing a clear focus. o) Make a rough outline plan of your ideas. p) Check that sources are available/accessible.
In the appropriate boxes below, brainstorm some ideas on the above questions. At the moment, you are only being asked to guess what the answers might be. After this, you will have to carry out the survey and do some reading to find out whether your guesses are correct or not. You will also be reading to find out other ideas about the topic. This reading stage is one of the most important parts of your work because you will be looking for evidence to support your ideas. Write your initial ideas in the boxes below. You only need to write in note form.
Task 2: Analysing the task
Before beginning any task, it is important to analyse the requirements of the task so that you have a very clear idea of your purpose for writing. Consider the following project title: “A survey on college students’ awareness of environmental protection/copyright protection” Discuss the following with a partner: Look at the project title above and highlight the key words/phrases. How is the title framed (e.g. statement/question/heading)? What does the title ask you to do?
Main body
What specific problems are related to college students’ lack of awareness of environmental protection/copyright protection? What evidence can you find for this? What are the possible reasons for the existing phenomena? What evidence can you find for this? What are the possible solutions to the problems outlined above? What evidence can you find to support your suggestions?
Task 3: The stages of writing a project
There are three stages in producing an extended essay or project: planning, researching and writing up. In each of these stages there are a number of smaller steps. Put the steps listed below into the appropriate stages (Planning, Researching or Writing up), in the most appropriate order. Write the steps in full; do not write numbers. Note that one step can placed in two stages.
6)
Task 3: Starting Project
Work on this project by answering the following questions, which are grouped under the three broad headings Introduction, Main body and Conclusion. First read the questions.
Extended writing at university: Why do students write?
The reasons why students carry out extended academic writing activities may include: to develop and express their ideas; to provide evidence to support their ideas; to dispute or support existing theories; to display knowledge.
Introduction
Main body
Conclusion
1) 2)
3) 4) …
1) 2)
3) 4) …
1) 2)
3) 4) …
Session 2: Developing a focus Steps in getting started:
Choosing a topic Brainstorming ideas Narrowing the focus by asking yourself questions Establishing a working title which is flexible and developmental Choosing some of your sources by looking at journals, books and websites