研究生英语学术论文写作考试大概
考研英语题型分值分布表
考研英语题型分值分布表一、阅读理解阅读理解是考研英语中的重头戏，分值占比最大。
考生需要在40分钟内完成四篇阅读文章，总计10分。
每篇文章后有5个问题，考生需要根据文章内容，从四个选项中选出正确答案。
二、写作写作部分包括小作文和大作文，分值分别为10分和20分，共计30分。
小作文要求考生写一篇100字左右的短文，内容多为应用文，如信函、通知等。
大作文要求考生写一篇160-200字的短文，多为议论文或说明文。
三、翻译翻译部分要求考生将一篇150字左右的英文文章翻译成中文，分值为15分。
文章难度与阅读理解文章相当，主要考察考生的语言转换能力和词汇量。
四、完形填空完形填空是一篇200-250字的短文，其中有20个空需要填入适当的单词，分值为10分。
主要考察考生的词汇运用和语法知识。
五、词汇运用词汇运用部分是一篇短文中包含15个空格，每个空格中需要填入一个适当的单词，分值为10分。
这部分主要考察考生的词汇量和拼写能力。
六、长难句理解长难句理解部分是一篇包含一个长难句的短文，分值为5分。
考生需要理解长难句的意思，并从四个选项中选出最合适的解释。
这部分主要考察考生的语言分析和理解能力。
七、匹配题匹配题部分是一篇包含5-7个段落和相应段落的标题的短文，分值为5分。
考生需要根据段落内容，为每个段落选择一个最合适的标题。
这部分主要考察考生对段落内容的理解和归纳能力。
八、判断正误判断正误部分是一组关于短文内容的陈述句，分值为5分。
考生需要判断每个陈述句是否正确，并在答题卡上相应的位置划勾或打叉。
这部分主要考察考生对短文内容的理解和细节把握能力。
考研英语写作概述
2）期待回信
◦ （1）I am looking forward to your reply/hearing from you soon.
◦ （2）I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.
◦ （3）Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.
以及开放式作文 要求：160－200字， 满分20分， 平均分11分， 考场建议时间：40分钟； 目标得分：14分
2
小作文——应用文的评分侧重点
信息点的覆盖 内容的组织 语言的准确性 格式 语域的恰当 注：对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具
体试题做调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中 出现的关键词，但使用提示语中出现过的词 组或句子将被扣分
It May Concern,
对于关系较亲密的人可 以直呼其名。
(3)正文：
正文格式一般格式为首 段开头空四个字母，段 落之间不空行；现在流 行的格式，每段开头不 空格，但是各段之间空 一行。考生在格式方面 可以根据自己的习惯进 行选择。只要让阅卷人 看得舒服，且完全符合 应用文要求的文体就可 以。
考试时注意在看到题目要求后不要忙于动
笔。虽说小作文的字数充其量在一百多个单词，
但是依旧要在脑子里理清思路。最好能够在仔
细审题以后，认真列个提纲，这样更有利于思
路清晰。写作时，注意表达清楚以下几个方面。
首先交代清楚写信目的；其次为了让阅卷者对
你的文章结构及表意一目了然，注意关联词或
衔接词的运用；接下来，应该对个人的观点进
书信的格式
注意几个方面： 署名一律Li Ming（或者题干要求） 不要忘记Yours sincerely 或者Sincerely yours 开头
研究生英语期末考试作文字数
Title: The Challenge of Mastering Word Count in Graduate English FinalsAs graduate students embark on the final exam of their English coursework, they often find themselves grapplingwith the often-overlooked, yet critical, aspect of word count. This aspect, though seemingly minor, holds immense importance in determining the quality and impact of the essay. The struggle to strike the perfect balance between brevity and depth, while adhering to the prescribed word limit, is a skill that requires meticulous planning and execution.The first challenge lies in understanding the purpose and scope of the essay. Graduate-level English exams often demand a higher level of critical thinking and analysis, which naturally translates into a more detailed and nuanced discussion. However, it is essential to recognize that verbosity does not equate to quality. Instead, the key isto distill complex ideas into concise yet powerful language. This process begins with outlining. An effectiveoutline not only organizes the thoughts but also helps estimate the word count. It allows students to allocateappropriate space for each argument or point, ensuring that the essay flows smoothly and covers all essential aspects. Another crucial aspect is the choice of vocabulary. Graduate-level writing demands a more sophisticated vocabulary, but it is important to avoid unnecessary jargon or overly complex words. Clear and precise language is always preferred over convoluted phrases. This not only makes the essay easier to read but also helps manage the word count.The final step is revising and editing. This stage is crucial for optimizing the word count. Students should carefully review their essays, eliminating redundant phrases, tightening sentences, and ensuring that every word contributes to the overall argument. This process not only improves the essay's clarity but also often leads to a more concise and impactful piece.In conclusion, mastering word count in graduate English finals is not just a matter of adhering to a numerical limit. It is a reflection of one's ability to distill complex ideas into a coherent and powerful narrative. By understanding the essay's purpose, outlining effectively,choosing appropriate vocabulary, and revising diligently, students can overcome this challenge and produce essaysthat are both within the word limit and of the highest quality.**研究生英语期末考试作文字数之挑战**研究生在英语期末考试中，往往面临着作文字数控制这一常被忽视却至关重要的挑战。
考研英语作文二一般多少分
考研英语中，作文部分通常占据相当重要的分值，而具体分数的分配会根据不同年份的考试大纲有所变化。
考研英语一般分为两个部分：英语知识运用完形填空和写作，其中写作部分包括小作文应用文写作和大作文议论文写作。
在这两个部分中，大作文的分值通常较高。
以满分100分的考研英语试卷为例，作文部分的分值可能在30分左右，其中小作文大约10分，大作文大约20分。
但这个分值分配并不是固定的，有时根据考试
的具体要求，分值分配可能会有所调整。
考研英语作文的评分标准通常包括以下几个方面：
1. 内容完整性：考生是否能够全面地回答题目要求，涵盖所有要点。
2. 组织结构：文章是否有清晰的开头、中间和结尾，段落之间是否逻辑清晰。
3. 语言运用：包括词汇的丰富性、语法的正确性以及句式的多样性。
4. 观点表达：考生是否能够清晰、有力地表达自己的观点。
5. 写作风格：包括文章的连贯性、一致性以及整体的可读性。
考生在准备考研英语作文时，应该注重以下几个方面：
广泛阅读：通过阅读不同类型的英文材料，提高语言感知能力和积累词汇。
练习写作：定期练习写作，尤其是模拟考试中的作文题目，以提高写作速度和质量。
学习写作技巧：掌握如何构建文章框架、如何使用连接词使文章更加连贯等技巧。
获取反馈：向老师或同学寻求作文的反馈，了解自己的不足并加以改进。
最后，考研英语作文的得分也受到阅卷老师主观判断的影响，因此，考生应该尽量在考试中展现出自己最好的写作水平，以获得更高的分数。
英语一大小作文多少字
英语一大小作文多少字
在英语考试中，大小作文的字数要求因考试类型和级别而异。
以下是一些常见的英语考试中作文的字数要求：
1. IELTS（雅思）：
- 小作文（Task 1）：通常要求至少150字。
- 大作文（Task 2）：通常要求至少250字。
2. TOEFL（托福）：
- 综合写作（Integrated Writing）：通常要求至少150-225字。
- 独立写作（Independent Writing）：通常要求至少300字。
3. GRE（美国研究生入学考试）：
- 写作部分的Argument任务：通常要求至少400-500字。
- 写作部分的Issue任务：通常要求至少400-500字。
4. GMAT（经企管理研究生入学考试）：
- 分析写作部分的论证分析（Analysis of an Issue）：通常要求至少200字。
- 分析写作部分的论证评估（Analysis of an Argument）：通常要求至少200字。
5. 高中英语考试（如中国的高考）：
- 小作文：通常要求100-120字左右。
- 大作文：通常要求120-150字左右。
请注意，这些数字是大致的指导性要求，具体的字数要求可能会根据
不同的考试机构和考试版本有所变化。
考生在准备考试时应该查阅最新的考试指南，以确保符合具体的字数要求。
研究生英语学术论文写作考试大概
Ⅰ. Gone up → increased set up → established Put up with →tolerate looking into →investigatingFigure out → determine put into practice →implementCome up with → developed make up → constituteGet rid of → eliminate keep up → maintainGone down → decrease thinking → considering Ⅱ.Structure of Data CommentaryData commentaries usually has these elements in the following order.1.location elements and/or summary statements2.highlighting statements3.discussions of implications,problems,exceptions,recommendations,orother interesting aspects of the data可能涉及到排序题，有例如下：①A computer virus is a program that is specifically and maliciously designed to attack a computer system,destroying data.②As business have become inceasingly dependent on computers,e-mail,and the Internet,concern over the potential destructiveness of such viruses has also grown.③Table X shows the most common sources of infection for U.S. businesses.④As canbe seen, in a great majority of cases,the entry point of the virus infection can be detected,with e-mail attachments being responsible for nearly 9 out of 10 viruses.⑤This very high percentage is increasingly alarming,especially since with a certain amount of caution such infections are largely preventable.⑥In consequence,e-mail users should be wary of all attachments,even thoes from a trusted colleague or a known sender.⑦In addition,all computers used for e-mail need to have a current version ofa good antivirus progarm whose virus definitions are updated regularly.⑧While it may be possible to lessen the likelihood of downloading an infected file,businesses are still vulnerable to computer virus problems because of human error and the threat of new,quickly spreading viruses that cannot be identified by antivvirus software.①②→Theory and common beliefs. ③→The start ④⑤⑥⑦⑧→ImplicationsⅢ.信息性摘要An informative abstract,as its name implies,summarizes the key points in the RP.It is an overview that briefly state the purpose,methods,results and conclutions with quantitative information.信息性摘要主要报道论文的研究目的、研究方法、研究结果与结论。
《研究生英语学术论文写作基础》参考答案
课前准备 【提示】该环节可以让学生充分表达自己的看法，对错可以先不判定，本章学完之后再回过头加以分析。 1) The Methods of Improve your Oral English in Native Chinese-speaking School 【解答】首先，这个标题有语法错误和大小写错误，应当修改为 The Methods of Improving Your Oral English in Native Chinese-speaking School；其次，其中的代词 your 用得不合适，因为它是一种对话口吻，一般不 适宜于学术论文；另外，标题中一般尽可能不用功能词，即介词、冠词、连词等。如果要改进这个标题， 可以表达为 Methods of Improving Colleg The study of Chinese Teaching in Thailand Overseas School 解答该标题修饰关系不清，大小写有误，study 等多余。可以改进为 Teaching Chinese in Schools in Thailand 等。 3) A New Opportunity to the moral development of rural left-behind children 【解答】该标题大小写有误；new 的用法值得考虑，因为除非已经有所谓的 opportunity，否则就没有什么 new；修饰关系也有问题，尤其是 to 用得不对。可以改进为 Opportunity for the Moral Development of Left-behind Children in Rural Regions 等。 4) The H2O2-biosensor based on PVP and Nano-Au 【解答】这个标题相对较好，但大小写还有问题，冠词多余，限定不够明确。可以修改为 Developing H2O2-biosensor Based on PVP and Nano-Au 等。 5) The identification of PCV2 Gene 【解答】该标题主要毛病是冠词多余，限定不够。如果是研究如何辨别，那么可以修改为 How to identify PCV2 Gene?或 Identifying PCV2 Gene 等。 6) advantages and challenges of electroplating on Magnesium alloys 【解答】这个标题的问题是大小写不规范。应当修改为 Advantages and Challenges of Electroplating on Magnesium Alloys 等。 7) The impact of threatening information on pain recover time 【解答】按照英式大小写，该标题大小写是规范的，但 recover 的修饰关系不明确；另外，冠词 the 可以省 略。修改为 Impact of threatening information on pain recovery time 或 Impact of Threatening Information on Pain Recovery Time 等。 8) The Issues of Copyright in Cyber-space 【解答】这个标题相对较好，没太大问题。可以把 the 省略。 9) Research on student’s achievement assessment in mathematics. 【解答】这个标题中的 research 这个词是多余的，而末尾的句点则是一个严重标题错误。应当修改为 Assessment of student’s achievement in mathematics 或 Assessment of Student’s Achievement in Mathematics 等。 10) the diet problem in China 【解答】这个标题大小写不规范，冠词多余，话题太大、太泛，不像学术论文标题。可以修改为 Causes of the diet problem in China 或 Causes of the Diet Problem in China 等。
英语学术论文写作考试重点整理
学术文章：Features on the lexical level:词汇上的特征①Terminology ②Nominalization ③Abbreviation ④Use of single verbsFeatures on the syntactical level 句法特征①Long complex sentenceFor accuracy to explain coplicated ideas clearly and precisely②Simple-present tenseDescribes natural phenomena, processes and makes explanation vivid and timeless③Passive voiceconvince the reader of the objectivity of the desciption④Non-finite verbsparticiples, infinitives and gerunds are freqently used in EST1：Why do you engage in scientific research ?Reasons to Engage in Scientific Research：（1）Personal interest to explore the world （2）Solving practical problems（3）Career development （4）Technological development（5）Academic exchanges （6）Academic evaluation （7）Being forced to2：What are the types, the structure and the characteristics of academic paper ?In terms of disciplines, they can be divived intoThree large categories: （1）Philosophy（2）natural science （3）social science.In accordance with a combination of the content, target, methods and other factors.①Argumentative papers ②Descriptive papers③Academic Meeting/Research Reviews ④Book ReviewsCharacteristics of Academic WritingEnglish for science and technology(EST) refers to the style used in scientific and technological activities. Their features are:（1）Objectivity（2）Clarity（3）Coherence（4）Accuracy4：Structure of a DefinitionA definition consists of three elements:(1) the term itself, (2) the category the term belongs to, (3) the features of the term.5. Criteria of a Good Definition1. Follow rules that have traditionally been given for definition.2. State the essential attributes of that which is defined.3. Give examples of usage.4. Avoid circularity.5. Must be neither too broad or too narrow nor leave out any appropriate information, nor include that which does not truly apply.6. Must not be obscure.7. Should not be stated in the negative when it can be stated positively.6：Principles of Title SelectionValue Principle Scientific Principle Innovative Principle Feasibility Principle7：Methods for Choosing a TitleIn general, there are six main methods for choosing a research title.(1) Consult your professor or an expert (2) Participate in academic conferences(3) Select from puzzling problems (4) Read books and newspapers(5) Choose from your own interests (6) Do literature reviews7：Standards for Good Titles(1) Accuracy Word choices should be accurate and reflect the actual situation.(2) Brevity Using the most succinct text possible to summarize the contents.(3) Clarity The title should clearly reflect the subject of the paper.8：Writing Formats for TitlesTitles are usually written in the following three formats:①All the letters of the title are capitalized;②The first letter of each content words of the title is capitalized;③The first letter of the title is capitalized.8：Some widely observed guidelines for the use of tables are:①The table should be self-contained.That is, it can stand alone face to face with the paper.②A table is usually placed in a position near its relevant description.③Provide each table with a number (Table 1, Table 2, etc.) and a title.④The title should be clear, concise, complete and accurate. Try to use descriptive words, not abbreviated forms.⑤The title of a table or diagram most commonly follows the same three methods as given above for the paper title.⑥The format of the column title. The first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized, other words are in lowercase.⑦Notes of table. To explain the column title, abbreviations, symbols and data, add notes or footnotes at the bottom of the table.⑧Do not repeat information in a table only if it presents new information.⑨It is easier to compare numbers by reading down a column rather than across a row.9：Data collection and selection usually follow four principles:（1）Centered around the theme （2）True and verifiable （3）Typical （4）Novel 10：Three Important Steps for Data Collection and Evaluation（1）Understand types of resources. （2）Critically read and evaluate those resources.（3）Take notes effectively.10：Four important dimensions in critical thinking and reading:(1) Structure (2) Purpose (3) Audience (4) Author11：Common criteria used to access the information found on the Internet:(1) Authorship (2) The publishing body (3) Point of view or bias(4) Referral to and/or display of knowledge of the literature(5) Accuracy or verifiability of details (6) Currency12：Criteria for evaluating accuracy:评估确定性的标准（1）For a research document, the data and the research method(s) are included.（2）The methodology is appropriate to the topic and allows the study to be duplicated for purposes of verification. The document relies on other sources or includes links to the documents themselves.（3）The document names individuals and/or sources that provided non-published data used inthe preparation of the study.（4）The background information that was used can be verified for accuracy.13：Criteria for currency:精度的标准（1）The document includes the date(s) at which the information was gathered.（2）The document refers to clearly dated information.（3）Where necessary, the document includes information on the regularity of updates.（4）The document includes a publication date or a “last updated”date.（5）The document includes a date of copyright.（6）If no date is given in an electronic document, you can view the directory in which it resides and read the date of latest modification.14：Functions of an OutlineOutline can be helpful to show the hierarchical relationship or logical ordering of information.15：Reasons for creating an outline:（1）Aids in the writing process.（2）Helps organize ideas.（3）Presents material in a logical form.（4）Shows relationships among ideas in the paper.（5）Constructs an ordered overview of what is written. （6）Defines boundaries and groups. 16：Four Main Components for Effective Outlines(1)Parallelism：Each heading and subheading should preserve parallel structure. If the first heading is a verb phrase, the second heading should also be a verb phrase.(2) Coordination：All informations contained in heading 1 should have the same significance as the information contained in heading 2.(3) Subordination：The information in the headings should be more general, while the information in the subheadings should be more specific.(4) Division：Each heading should be divided into 2 or more parts.17：Types of Outlines and Samples(1)Alphanumeric Outlines：Use alphabetical letters and numerals to outline the content of essays.(2) Full Sentence Outlines：The Full sentence outline format is essentially the same as the alphanumeric outline. The main difference is that full sentences are required at each level of the outline.(3) Decimal Outlines：The decimal outline is similar in format to the alphanumeric outline.the added benefit is a system of decimal notation that clearly shows how every level of the outline related to the large whole.18：Tips for Comparison and Contrast(1) Determine the organizational style.(2) State organization so as to ensure clarity.(3) Make preferences clear in comparison or contrast essay.(4) When organizing the writing, ensure information about the items being compared and contrasted are balanced.19：How many kinds of citation are there?Two types of citation:(1) Citation as note/reference, (2) Citation as material quoted.20：What does a writer usually do with in-text citation ?①Both the name and date enclosed in parentheses.The comma between the author and the year may or may not be included based on the publisher requirements.②To make the last name of the researcher the subject or object of the sentence or clause and follow it immediately with the date of the study in parentheses.③If you wish to emphasize the date of the cited study, you can omit the parentheses。
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Ⅰ.Gone up → increased set up → establishedPut up with → tolerate looking into → investigating Figure out → determine put into practice → implement Come up with → developed make up → constituteGet rid of → eliminate keep up → maintainGone down → decrease thinking → consideringⅡ.Structure of Data CommentaryData commentaries usually has these elements in the following order.1.location elements and/or summary statements2.highlighting statements3.discussions of implications,problems,exceptions,recommendations,or otherinteresting aspects of the data可能涉及到排序题，有例如下：①A computer virus is a program that is specifically and maliciously designed to attack a computer system,destroying data.②As business have become inceasingly dependent on computers,e-mail,and the Internet,concern over the potential destructiveness of such viruses has also grown.③Table X shows the most common sources of infection for U.S. businesses.④As can be seen, in a great majority of cases,the entry point of the virus infection can be detected,with e-mail attachments being responsible for nearly 9 out of 10 viruses.⑤This very high percentage is increasingly alarming,especially since with a certain amount of caution such infections are largely preventable.⑥In consequence,e-mail users should be wary of all attachments,even thoes from a trusted colleague or a known sender.⑦In addition,all computers used for e-mail need to have a current version of a good antivirus progarm whose virus definitions are updated regularly.⑧While it may be possible to lessen the likelihood of downloading an infected file,businesses are still vulnerable to computer virus problems because of human error and the threat of new,quickly spreading viruses that cannot be identified by antivvirus software.①②→Theory and common beliefs. ③→The start ④⑤⑥⑦⑧→ImplicationsⅢ.信息性摘要An informative abstract,as its name implies,summarizes the key points in the RP.It is an overview that briefly state the purpose,methods,results and conclutions with quantitative information.信息性摘要主要报道论文的研究目的、研究方法、研究结果与结论。
它是论文全文的高度浓缩，相当于论文的简介或概要，但它又不是简单对原文篇幅进行按比例的缩减，而是要进行深入加工。
比较流行的信息性摘要架构有：①Objective→Methodology→Results→Conclusions②Background→Purpose and aim→Methods→Results→Conclusions③Background+purpose→Methodology→Result→ConclusionⅣ.Appendix 1 常用词汇、短语的用法Above“above”可用于指称前面提到的信息，但只能以一个段落或前几个句子中曾出现过的信息为限。
“above”不能用来说明前几个段落甚至前几页中曾经出现的信息，否则读者会感到迷惑，不清楚“above”所指的信息是什么。
e.g. (1)The above explanation will help answer this question. (刚提及)否则就应该用下列写法(2) We can adopt the explanation described earlier to answer this question.(3) We can apply the explanation introduced in Section 2 to answer this question. As mentioned above, as mentioned previously这两个短语的用法有些不同。
“as mentioned previously” (as mentioned earlier) 通常用来指几个段落或几页前所提到的内容。
作者想指明前几个句子所提到的内容时，可以使用“as just mentioned”。
建议撰写科技论文的作者尽可能使用较准确的词来代替“as mentioned above”或“as mentioned earlier”。
例如，当作者指的是上一节中的内容，则可用“as mentioned in the preceding section”来表达，而不用“as mentioned above”。
Appendix若论文、著作或研究报告只有一个附录，则在文章中应该使用“the Appendix”。
若有两个以上的附录，则采用“Appendix A”，“Appendix B”或“Appendix I”, “Appendix II”来指称这些附录，而且“Appendix”前可不加冠词。
e.g. The properties of various materials used in the design and analysis of heat pipes are presented in Appendix C.As follows“as follows”, “the following”, “as shown below”都是正确的形式，而“as followings”，“as the followings”, “as below”等都是不正确的形式。
e.g. (1) Solutions for equation (1) and (2) can be derived as follows.(2) Commonly used methods include the following:Aspect在英文科技论文中，aspect及area之类的词，常常是累赘而应该加以省略的词。
累赘：(1) Regarding the application aspect of Genetic Algorithm (遗传算法), many approaches have been proposed.累赘：(2) In the area of application of Genetic Algorithm, many approaches have been proposed.简洁：(3) Many approaches to application of Genetic Algorithm have been proposed. 简洁：(4) Many applications of Genetic Algorithm have been proposed.Based“Based”这个词常出现在论文的题目中，用于名词短语“基于某物或某方法的…...”之中，以使该名词短语简洁。
e.g. (1) 基于气泡堆积法的非结构化网络生成bubble packing method based unstructured grid generation(2) IEEE 802.15.4-based body sensor networkBased on若句首出现以based on开头的过去分词短语，则必须注意过去分词表示的被动行为对象是句子中的主语。
然而，在绝大多数以based on开头的句子中，based on开头的过去分词短语却不能合理地修饰句子的主语。
由此看来，还是应该用on the basis of，by，from, According to或其他词来替代based on，否则就需要重写句子，以便使读者清楚地了解是什么的“基础”。
正：(2) From Eq. (6), it is obtained that….佳：(4) On the basis of the experimental results, we conclude that….佳：(5) From the experimental results, we conclude that….佳：(6) the experimental results show that….在下列例句中，以based on开头的短语就可以正确地修饰句子的主语。