高中英语语法(句子成分+简单句+定语从句)
高中英语定语从句语法讲解(推荐)
高中英语定语从句语法讲解【概念】定语从句,也称为关系从句或形容词性从句,由关系代词或关系副词引导,用来限制,描绘或说明主句中的某一个名词或代词(有时也可以说明整个主句或主句中的一部分),即句子作定语.定语从句所修饰的对象被称为先行词.定语从句按其作用可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.关系代词和关系副词的作用有:①连接作用:引导从句并同时连接主句和从句②替代作用:在从句中替代它前面的先行词③作成分:在从句中充当句子成分.如:主语(who,that,which);宾语(who,whom,which,that);表语(that,as);定语(whose,...of whom/which);时间状语(when),地点状语(where)和原因状语(why).说明:关系代词在从句中宾语时可省略,作其他成分时一般不可省略.(一)关系代词的用法1.关系词用法分类2.关系代词that和which的用法⑴限制性定语从句中,必须用关系代词that的情况:①当先行词是不定代词all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等时.Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?You should hand in all that you have.②当先行词被the only,the very,any,few,little,no,all等词修饰时.This is the very person that I'm waiting for.The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.③当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时.This is the best way that has been used against pollution.This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen.④当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时.This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.What is the first American film that you have seen?⑤当先行词既有人又有物时.Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?⑵当先行词指物时,定语从句中关系代词必须用which的情况:①在非限制性定语从句中,只用which,不用that.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,which,of course,made the others envy him.②当定语从句中的介词提前时,只用which,不用that.This is the school in which I once studied.3.关系代词who/that,whom和whose的用法.当先行词指人: ①在定语从句中作主语时,用who/that,不可省略②在定语从句中作宾语时,用whom/who/that,可以省略③在定语从句中作定语时,用whose,不可省略She is the girl who/that lives next door.(先行词在定语从句中作主语)That's the girl(whom/who/that)I teach.(先行词在定语从句中作宾语)This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.(先行词在定语从句中作定语)This is the house whose window broke last night.=This is the house,the window of which broke last night.=This is the house,of which the window broke last night.4."介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句⑴当介词放在关系代词的前面时,关系代词常用which或whom,关系代词不能省略.Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?He paid the boy ＄10 for washing ten windows,most of which hadn't been cleaned for at least a year. In the dark street,there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.⑵在限制性定语从句中,当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用that/which(指物),that/whom/who(指人)作介词的宾语,而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略.thatThis is the hero who we are proud of.whom(可省略)thatThis is the pen which I wrote the letter with.(可省略)⑶"介词+which/whom+不定式"结构The beggar has no money with which to buy food.=The beggar has no money to buy food with.=The beggar has no money that he can buy food with.5.关系代词as引导的定语从句关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句,as在从句中作主语,宾语或表语.as引导限制性定语从句时常用于下列句式:such+名词+as...像....一样的,像....之类的⑴the same+名词+as...和....一样的其中关系代词as在从句中担当主语,宾语或表语.We have found such materials as are used in their factory.(as作主语)These houses were sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语)He is not the same man as he was.(as作表语)⑵...such as..such为代词,意为"这样的人或物",as引导定语从句并在从句中担当成分,定语从句修饰先行词such. This book is not such as I expect.(as作宾语)6.关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别as引导的非限制性定语从句,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有时还可插入主句中,而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后.相同的是两者都可替代整个主句的内容.The weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we could expert.As is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.=The moon travels round the earth once every month,as/which is known to everybody.(二)关系副词的用法1.当关系词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词.其中when=表时间的介词(in,at,on,during)+which;where=表地点的介词(in,at,on,under)+which;why=表原因的介词(for)+which.I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.(when=on which)Can you tell me the office where he works?(where=in which)Do you know the reason why he is absent?(why=for which)2.有时先行词为抽象名词situation,stage,point等,表示模糊化的地点,可用where引导定语从句. The accident has reached a point where both their parents are to be called in.(三)定语从句用法的其他要点1.定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词在人称,数方面应该与先行词保持一致.⑴one of+复数名词+关系代词+动词复数形式.Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.⑵the only one of+复数名词+关系代词+动词单数形式Titanic is the only one of these wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.⑶当关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰主句内容时,若as与which作主语,则从句的谓语动词用单数形式.Great changes have taken place in China,as is known to all.2.注意way和time后接定语从句的情况⑴当先行词是way(意为"方式,方法"),定语从句中缺宾语时,引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式:thatThe way which he explained to us was quite simple.不填而当定语从句中缺状语时,引导定语从句的关系词有以下三种形式:。
高中英语语法讲义——定语从句
高中英语语法讲义-----定语从句概念1,定语：修饰限定人或物的成分。
a cute girl , the pen on the desk .The boy sitting here is my student. The book bought yesterday is popular.2,定语从句：修饰限定人或物的句子.The boy who is sitting here is my student. The book which was bought yesterday is popular 3,先行词：被定语从句修饰的人或物—the boy / the book. *注意词组---the old man under the tree(指人)4，关系词：代替先行词引导定语从句的词（关系代词和关系副词）---who / which.I, who am 48, teach you English.5,限定性定语从句：从句紧跟在先行词后译为一句话。
6,非限定性定语从句：主句从句逗号分开，译为两句话。
既可对某个先行词也可对整个主句进行补充说明（不用that）。
You have been admitted to a top university , which has made your parents excited.限定性定语从句：在从句中所做成分关系词先行词指人：1，主语who/ that2, 宾语whom/ who/ that/---3, 定语（某人的）+ n whoseI have a friend. 1, He works in Wuhan.-----I have a friend who / that works in Wuhan.2, I love him -----I have a friend ( whom/ who/ that ) I love.3,His name is Ray.----I have a friend whose name is Ray.*当做介词宾语且和介词一起引导从句时：介词+ whom（人）/which （物）+从句。
高中英语句子成分和句子种类
句子成分和句子种类详解句子成分和结构是英语的基础，是理解和表达英语的关键。
英语中许多词类都对句子成分和结构有影响。
英语中的句子是由词或短语组成的，这些词或短语在句子中起一定的作用，叫做句子成分。
英语的篇章是由句子构成的，不同的内容需要不同类型的句式结构，这些句式结构又构成英语中不同的句子类型。
学习英语句法的基础是了解句子成分、句子的基本结构和句子种类。
I 句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语和补足语等。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分；表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语等是句子的次要部分。
1.主语：主语说明谓语动作或状态的执行者，常用的作主语的词类有：名词（短语）、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）和从句。
Subject is the topic or theme of the sentence, which tells of what the sentence is about.1）名词：The students are learning grammar.Our teacher speaks very fast.2）代词：She is writing.He likes playing tennis.3）数词：Five is an odd number.Six is my favourite number.4）不定式：To learn English well is important.It is not easy to remember all rules.5）动名词：Swimming is interesting.Learning grammar well is difficult.6）主语从句：What I said is true.What we can't get seems better than what we have.2.谓语：谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。
高中英语语法定语从句总结
选校网高考频道专业大全历年分数线上万张大学图片大学视频院校库高中英语语法重点难点回顾――定语从句用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。
一．词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which that主语Whom which that宾语Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)例１：This is the detective who came from London.例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.例３：The desk whose leg is broken is very old.例４：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.２．关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。
例如：All the people that are present burst into tears.(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。
例如：(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
例如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。
高中英语定语从句讲解详版
Do you know the girl whose father died
in Iraq.
Do you know the girl of whom the father
died in Iraq.
Do you know the girl the father of whom
died in Iraq.
which指电影，作宾语
the Attributive Clause that指图片，作主语
This is the film which I saw last night.
whose指电影的，作定语
Here are two pictures that are taken from the film . whom指man和woman，作宾语 This is the film whose name is Titanic . The man and the woman whom you see who指hero和heroine，作主语 in the picture are Jack and Lucy . Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film .
说明主语做什么，是 什么或怎么样 表示动作行为的对象
定语: 修饰名词和代词的成分
a beautiful flower
a tall boy
定语从句： 修饰名词和代词的从句 先行词
定语从句
This is the best film that I have seen. that 关系词
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定 1．定语从句： 语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它 所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等； 关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用： A、引导定语从句； B、代替先行词； C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
高中英语语法句子结构分析
复合句
复合句
主语从句
名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句
宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句
复合句——名词性从句
名词性从句：位置 不同所以名称不同
主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句
主
+ 谓（系） +
名词
及物动词
名词性从句
主语从句
宾（表） 名词 名词性从句 宾语从句 表语从句
同位语从句
复合句——名词性从句
例：名词性从句：that(引导词） he likes football（主谓宾）句子降级成句子成分，充当名词。 主语从句：That he likes football surprised us. 宾语从句：He said that he likes football. 表语从句：The fact is that he likes football. 同位语从句： 主语+同从+谓宾；主谓宾+同从 如：Jack，a young man , loves spring. Jack loves spring , one of the four seasons. The fact that he likes football surprised us. He states the fact that he likes football.
谓语（predicate)
• 谓语描述主语做什么或是什么，谓语动词是其核心部分，形式上 是单个动词或动词短语，也会依据不同情况带有助动词（时态， 语态 ，语气）。
• 注意：一个句子里面只有一个谓语动词）
I will watch the movie. He borrowed my keys. Time flies. He can play basketball. I am reading books.
初高中英语 语法 定语从句
•Eg. He is the man whose car was stolen last week.
•It was a meeting whose importance I didn’t realize at that time.
•注意：whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语。whose先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which/of whom结构互换，
•Where is the book (which/that) bought last week?
•3.做表语只用that(人，物)，通常省略
•Eg. He is no longer the man that he used to be.
•This is no longer the dirty place that it used to be.
•即whose+名=the +n +of which/of who#43; n.
•Eg. They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.
•=the back wall of which
•=of which the back wall
•2.对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，非限制性相当于一个插入语，不能用that或why（用for which代替）引导。关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词可以是一个词，也可以是一个句子。
•Eg. His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.
高中英语定语从句详解
高中英语定语从句详解高中英语定语从句详解定语从句主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词或上文提到的一件事（句子）。
而定语从句的位置常常是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词或句子的后面。
在被修饰的名词、代词（先行词）与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体。
关系词与后面的句子合称定语从句。
1）three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a heart attack三种意味着一个人患心脏病的迹象在这个带有定语从句的短语中：signs是：被修饰的名词；that是：关系词；that indicate a person is suffering from a heart attack是定语从句2）those who drink a lot 那些大量饮酒的人在这个带有定语从句的短语中：those是：被修饰的代词；who是：关系词;who drink a lot是：定语从句。
3）Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ?你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗？通过上面的演示,我们可以归纳出：（1）定语从句在英语中放在被修饰的词后，翻译成汉语时置于被修饰的词之前，且有汉字“的”（2）定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下：被修饰的名词/ 代词+ 关系词+ 句子(其中，"被修饰的名词/代词"在语法叫作"先行词".) 要点提示：1）先行词=关系词。
所以先行词在从句中不在出现。
先行词的意义以及它在从句中的语法功能（句子成分）决定关系词的选择。
定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词；所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。
1）关系代词：who , whom , whose , which , that 等。
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高中英语语法（句子成分+简单句+定语从句）一、句子成分句子成分(一)句子由若干部分组成，这些组成部分叫做句子成分。
根据其功能和作用，我们可以把句子成分的种类分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补语、定语、同位语、状语和独立成分等。
实词一般都能作句子成分，虚词在句子中只能起辅助或连接等作用，不作句子成分。
一、主语二、谓语三、表语四、宾语①双宾语由间接宾语加直接宾语构成，间接宾语表示动作的方向或目的，常指人且须与直接宾语并存；②复合宾语由宾语加宾语补足语构成，补足语是对宾语的补充说明，宾语与补足语间有逻辑上的主谓关系。
五、补语现场练兵：指出下列句子画线部分的句子成分和表现形式。
1．Money isn't everything.2．The days get longer and longer when summer comes.3．His books are in this bag.4．The leaves have turned yellow.5．Some of the students in the school want to go swimming，how about you?6．I don't like the picture on the wall.7．There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.8．To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.9．We had better send for a doctor.10．The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.11．We should help the old and the poor.12．Did you write down what he said?13．He gave it to me yesterday.14．Give the poor man some money.15．We will make them happy.16．We found nobody in.17．Please make yourself at home.18．I'll have my bike repaired.19．He was elected monitor.20．She was found singing in the next room.【答案】 1.表语，代词 2.谓语，系动词＋表语 3.表语，介词短语 4.表语，形容词5.主语，代词 6.谓语，动词7．主语，名词8.主语，不定式短语9.谓语，情态动词＋动词原形10.主语，名词11.宾语，the＋形容词/名词化形容词12.宾语，从句13.双宾语，直接宾语＋间接宾语14.双宾语，间接宾语＋直接宾语15.复合宾语，宾语＋补足语16.宾语补足语，副词17.宾语补足语，介词短语18.宾语补足语，过去分词19.主语补足语，名词20.主语补足语，现在分词短语句子成分(二)六、定语七、同位语that引导的同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别：引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。
The news that I have passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
(同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。
)The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。
(定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。
)八、状语①一些表示频度的副词，如always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom等除特别强调放在句首外，通常置于句中；②同一句中如果有多个状语出现，一般方式状语在前，然后依次是地点、时间、原因、结果、目的状语等。
同一状语有多个出现时，一般小的在前，大的在后。
He was doing his homework attentively at home from 7：00～9：00 yesterday evening.九、独立成分插入语还有：I guess，I think，I hope，I believe，I suppose，I wonder，you see，you know，don't you think，don't you know，I tell you，it seems，it seems to me，it is said，it is suggested，do you think，do you suppose等。
在这种句子中，如果我们把插入语移到句首，它就变成主要成分，而原来的句子则变成一个从句。
指出下列句子画线部分的句子成分和表现形式。
1．Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.2．He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.3．The man over there is my old friend.4．The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.5．I have an idea to do it well.6．This is my new friend，Yao Yao.7．We each have a cellphone now.8．They two wanted to go with us，too.9．The idea that he gave surprises many people.10．The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.11．She works very hard though she is old.12．He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.13．Light travels most quickly.14．He has lived in the city for ten years.15.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.16．He is in the room making a model plane.17．Wait a minute.18．You may come here earlier tomorrow，I think.19．Xiao Wang，what's the matter with you?20．Oh！—What a high building it is.【答案】 1.定语，名词 2.定语，形容词 3.定语，副词 4.定语，介词短语 5.定语，不定式 6.同位语，名词7．同位语，代词8.同位语，数词9.定语，从句10.同位语，从句11.让步状语，从句12.结果状语，从句13.方式状语，副词/副词性词组14.地点/时间状语，介词短语15.原因状语，不定式短语16.伴随状语，分词短语17.时间状语，名词18.独立成分，插入语19.独立成分，呼语20.独立成分，感叹语五种基本句型英语句子有长有短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础，其他如定语、状语等均是句子的次要或附加部分。
只要掌握了这五种基本句式，当遇到较复杂的句子时，运用这些基本句式进行分析，对句子的理解也就变得容易多了。
在写作中，必须写好这些最基本的句型。
英语五种基本句型列式如下：一、SV (主语＋谓语)此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
(1)这些动词常见的有：take place，happen，break out，appear，disappear，apologize，arrive，come，die，exist，fall，rise，hang(可作及物动词或不及物动词)等。
(2)有些动词如wash，sell，burn，write，clean，draw，cook，read等可以在后面加副词表示主语的性质。
1．The sun was shining.2．We all breathe, eat, and drink.3．Who cares?4.What he said does not matter.5．They talked for half an hour.6．The pen writes smoothly.二、SVP (主语＋系动词＋表语)在该句型中，句子的谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做连系动词。
连系动词分两类：(1)表示状态的连系动词。
这些词有：be，look，seem，appear，smell，taste，sound，sit，stand，lie，keep，remain，stay等。
(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。
这些词有：become，get，grow，turn，go，come，prove 等。
1．This is an English-Chinese dictionary.2．The dinner smells good.3．He fell in love.4．Everything looks different.5．He is growing tall and strong.6．The trouble is that they are short of money.7．Our well has gone dry.8．His face turned red.三、SVO (主语＋谓语＋宾语)这种句型中的动词为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。
谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。
另外，动词或动词短语跟非谓语动词作宾语时，有些只跟不定式，而有些只跟动名词。