旅游学概论课件课件
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• Occupation. More than one-third visitors are the executives and professionals.
旅游学概论
中国国际入境旅游发展状况
改革开放以来，我国旅游业发展规模。
旅游入境人数：
由1978年的180.92万人次上升为1998 年的6347.84万人次， 增34倍；
旅游外汇收入：
1998年已达到126.02亿美圆，比1978年增长46.9倍， 旅游业成为我国外汇收入的重要来源；
旅游涉外饭店：
由1978年的不足200家发展到1998年的5782家；
• Travel and Tourism will continue to expand faster than the economy as a whole and faster than comparable industries.
• By 2011 Travel & Tourism is expected to account for:
764,497
42,745
7,117,019
----
1983 9,477,005
872,511
40,352
8,564,142
----
1984 12,852,185
1,134,267
47,498
11,670,420
----
1985 17,833,097
1,370,462
84,827
16,377,808
----
1986 22,819,450
1,482,276
68,133
21,269,041
----
1987 26,902,267
1,727,821
87,031
25,087,415
----
1988 31,694,804
1,842,206
79,348
29,773,250 437,700
1989 24,501,394
• Purpose. The majority of domestic visitors were traveling for leisure, recreation and holidays, or visiting friends and relatives;
• More than 90% of domestic visitors chose to arrange their trips by themselves;
主观原因：为了调节精神生活减轻心理负担，恢复体力和 脑力，以便再生产出质量高的劳动力，投入新的生产过程， 旅游便成为生活中不可缺少的部分。于是各种类型的旅游者 纷纷加入国际旅游的行列。
从下图可以看出，国际旅游人数逐年增加，旅游外汇收 入呈递增趋势。
旅游学概论
旅游学概论
旅游学概论
Travel and Tourism Can Double in Size by 2011
• In 1992, weeklong holidays were first introduced; • In 1995, a five-day work week was introduced; • Starting in 1999, three weeklong holidays were established
• The mode of China’s tourism development is quite different from that in most of the development countries in the world.
• For political and economic purposes, China started its tourism activities based on inbound travel only. As a developing country, China gives priority to inbound tourism for its foreign exchange earnings.
120,704
56,249,950 2,174,602
1999 72,795,594
8,432,296
108,141
64,255,157 2,584,648
2000 83,443,881
10,160,432
75,487
73,207,962 3,108,643
NOTE:* COMPATRIOTS FROM HONG GONG,MACAO AND TAIWAN PROVINCE.旅游学概论
INDICES (1978=100)
100.0 170.9 234.6 298.6 320.7 358.0 430.3 475.5 582.3 708.1 854.6 707.7 843.5 1,082.1 1,501.3 1,781.4 2,785.4 3,321.7 3,880.0 4,592.7 4,793.4 5,362.7 6,171.2
Receipts per Visitor (RMB Yuan) 33.3 39.3 48.3 62.3
62.5 60.7 66.7 75.8 211.1 195.2 218.6 255.9 328.0 344.0 393.9 426.6
旅游学概论
中国公民国内旅游发展迅速
旅游类型：以观光为主同时开始产生度假需求。
天津商业大学商学院旅游管理系
旅游学概论
绪论
旅游学概论
绪论
概要
一、世界旅游发展状况
1、世界旅游状况 2、中国旅游发展状况 （1）入境旅游 （2）国内旅游 （3）出境旅游
二、旅游学的研究对象和课程性质 三、旅游学科的研究以及本课的内容简介 四、旅游学的研究方法 五、 Career Possibilities
入境旅游
国际旅游
旅游包括两方面的内容
出境旅游
国内旅游
中国政府出于赚取外汇的目的，于七十年代末八
十年代初首先发展了国际接待旅游业（即入境旅游）； 由入境旅游带动中国公民的国内旅游；进而产生了一 定的出境旅游市场。
中国旅游业的发展模式：
入境旅游——国内旅游——出境旅游
旅游学概论
（1）入境旅游 Inbound Tourism
Visitors (millions)
240 270 290 300 240 280 300 330 398 524 629 640 644 695 719 740
Receipts (RMB billion Yuan)
8.0 10.6 14.0 18.7 15.0 17.0 20.0 25.0 84.0 102.3 137.5 163.8 211.2 239.1 283.2 315.7
旅游学概论
学习目的
• 通过绪论学习，你能够：
– 理解旅游学与旅游科学 – 了解旅游学的研究对象以及本课程的主要内容 – 了解旅游学的研究方法
旅游学概论
绪论
一、世界旅游发展状况
1、世界旅游状况
客观原因：二战之后，生产的机械化、自动化程度提高， 商品经济高度发展。导致一方面人们的生活节奏越来越快； 另一方面，收入也随之提高，带薪假日延长。
假日经济（节日经济）： 黄金周 —— 五一、十一、春节。
目前，中国旅游业的发展是一手抓国际旅游， 一手抓国内旅游，从以国际旅游为主改变为国际与 国内旅游并重。
旅游学概论
Characteristics of domestic tourism
• The average length of stay by domestic travelers was four to six days;
18,100
1,561,500
----
1979 4,203,901
362,389
20,910
3,820,602
----
1980 5,702,536
529,124
34,413
5,138,999
----
1981 7,767,096
675,153
38,856
7,053,087
----
1982 7,924,261
• To meet the growing demand for leisure travel among China’s own citizens and to encourage personal consumption for economic growth, the central government has issued a number of policies to promote domestic tourism.
旅游学概论
（2）国内旅游 Domestic Tourism
• Until the mid-1980s, domestic tourism hardly existed, China gives priority to inbound tourism for its foreign exchange earnings;
115,818
40,383.977 1,532,309
1996 51,127,516
6,744,334
154,601
44,228,581 1,733,897
1997 57,587,923
7,428,006
99,004
50,060,913 2,117,576
1998 63,478,401
7,107,747
GROWTH (%)
WORLD RANK
Fra Baidu bibliotek
70.9 37.3 27.3 7.4 11.6 20.2 10.5 22.5 21.6 20.7 -17.2 19.2 28.3 38.7 18.7
* 19.3 16.8 18.4 4.4 11.9 15.1
— — 34 34 29 26 21 21 22 26 26 27 25 21 17 15 10 10 9 8 7 7 7
around May 1(May Day/Labor Day), October 1 (National Day), and the lunar Spring Festival of Chinese New Year.
旅游学概论
Year
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
• *Over twice the output at $7.0 trillion *More jobs --- 260 million employees
• Growth depends on enlightened government policy
Source: WTTC
旅游学概论
２、中国旅游发展状况
RECEIPTS (Mn.US$)
262.9 449.3 616.7 784.9 843.2 941.2 1,131.3 1,250.0 1,530.9 1,861.5 2,217.6 1,860.5 2,217.6 2,844.9 3,946.9 4,683.2 7,323.0 8,733.0 10,200.0 12,074.0 12,602.0 14,099.0 16,224.0
旅行社：
五十年代中期只有国旅、中旅及其十几家分社，1998年发 展到6222家。
旅游学概论
ANNUAL VISITOR ARRIVALS 1978-2000
YEAR
TOTAL
FOREIGNERS
OVERSEAS CHINESE
*COMPATRIOTS
TAIWAN
1978 1,809,200
229,600
1,460,970
68,556
22,971,868 541,000
1990 27,461,821
1,747,315
91,090
25,623,416 948,000
1991 33,349,757
2,710,103
133,427
30,506,227 946,632
1992 38,114,945
4,006,427
YEAR
1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
INTERNATIONAL TOURISM RECEIPTS 1978-2000
165,007
33,943,441 1,317,770
1993 41,526,945
4,655,857
166,182
36,704,906 1,526,969
1994 43,684,456
5,182,060
115,245
36,996,690 1,390,215
1995 46,386,511
5,886,716
旅游学概论
中国国际入境旅游发展状况
改革开放以来，我国旅游业发展规模。
旅游入境人数：
由1978年的180.92万人次上升为1998 年的6347.84万人次， 增34倍；
旅游外汇收入：
1998年已达到126.02亿美圆，比1978年增长46.9倍， 旅游业成为我国外汇收入的重要来源；
旅游涉外饭店：
由1978年的不足200家发展到1998年的5782家；
• Travel and Tourism will continue to expand faster than the economy as a whole and faster than comparable industries.
• By 2011 Travel & Tourism is expected to account for:
764,497
42,745
7,117,019
----
1983 9,477,005
872,511
40,352
8,564,142
----
1984 12,852,185
1,134,267
47,498
11,670,420
----
1985 17,833,097
1,370,462
84,827
16,377,808
----
1986 22,819,450
1,482,276
68,133
21,269,041
----
1987 26,902,267
1,727,821
87,031
25,087,415
----
1988 31,694,804
1,842,206
79,348
29,773,250 437,700
1989 24,501,394
• Purpose. The majority of domestic visitors were traveling for leisure, recreation and holidays, or visiting friends and relatives;
• More than 90% of domestic visitors chose to arrange their trips by themselves;
主观原因：为了调节精神生活减轻心理负担，恢复体力和 脑力，以便再生产出质量高的劳动力，投入新的生产过程， 旅游便成为生活中不可缺少的部分。于是各种类型的旅游者 纷纷加入国际旅游的行列。
从下图可以看出，国际旅游人数逐年增加，旅游外汇收 入呈递增趋势。
旅游学概论
旅游学概论
旅游学概论
Travel and Tourism Can Double in Size by 2011
• In 1992, weeklong holidays were first introduced; • In 1995, a five-day work week was introduced; • Starting in 1999, three weeklong holidays were established
• The mode of China’s tourism development is quite different from that in most of the development countries in the world.
• For political and economic purposes, China started its tourism activities based on inbound travel only. As a developing country, China gives priority to inbound tourism for its foreign exchange earnings.
120,704
56,249,950 2,174,602
1999 72,795,594
8,432,296
108,141
64,255,157 2,584,648
2000 83,443,881
10,160,432
75,487
73,207,962 3,108,643
NOTE:* COMPATRIOTS FROM HONG GONG,MACAO AND TAIWAN PROVINCE.旅游学概论
INDICES (1978=100)
100.0 170.9 234.6 298.6 320.7 358.0 430.3 475.5 582.3 708.1 854.6 707.7 843.5 1,082.1 1,501.3 1,781.4 2,785.4 3,321.7 3,880.0 4,592.7 4,793.4 5,362.7 6,171.2
Receipts per Visitor (RMB Yuan) 33.3 39.3 48.3 62.3
62.5 60.7 66.7 75.8 211.1 195.2 218.6 255.9 328.0 344.0 393.9 426.6
旅游学概论
中国公民国内旅游发展迅速
旅游类型：以观光为主同时开始产生度假需求。
天津商业大学商学院旅游管理系
旅游学概论
绪论
旅游学概论
绪论
概要
一、世界旅游发展状况
1、世界旅游状况 2、中国旅游发展状况 （1）入境旅游 （2）国内旅游 （3）出境旅游
二、旅游学的研究对象和课程性质 三、旅游学科的研究以及本课的内容简介 四、旅游学的研究方法 五、 Career Possibilities
入境旅游
国际旅游
旅游包括两方面的内容
出境旅游
国内旅游
中国政府出于赚取外汇的目的，于七十年代末八
十年代初首先发展了国际接待旅游业（即入境旅游）； 由入境旅游带动中国公民的国内旅游；进而产生了一 定的出境旅游市场。
中国旅游业的发展模式：
入境旅游——国内旅游——出境旅游
旅游学概论
（1）入境旅游 Inbound Tourism
Visitors (millions)
240 270 290 300 240 280 300 330 398 524 629 640 644 695 719 740
Receipts (RMB billion Yuan)
8.0 10.6 14.0 18.7 15.0 17.0 20.0 25.0 84.0 102.3 137.5 163.8 211.2 239.1 283.2 315.7
旅游学概论
学习目的
• 通过绪论学习，你能够：
– 理解旅游学与旅游科学 – 了解旅游学的研究对象以及本课程的主要内容 – 了解旅游学的研究方法
旅游学概论
绪论
一、世界旅游发展状况
1、世界旅游状况
客观原因：二战之后，生产的机械化、自动化程度提高， 商品经济高度发展。导致一方面人们的生活节奏越来越快； 另一方面，收入也随之提高，带薪假日延长。
假日经济（节日经济）： 黄金周 —— 五一、十一、春节。
目前，中国旅游业的发展是一手抓国际旅游， 一手抓国内旅游，从以国际旅游为主改变为国际与 国内旅游并重。
旅游学概论
Characteristics of domestic tourism
• The average length of stay by domestic travelers was four to six days;
18,100
1,561,500
----
1979 4,203,901
362,389
20,910
3,820,602
----
1980 5,702,536
529,124
34,413
5,138,999
----
1981 7,767,096
675,153
38,856
7,053,087
----
1982 7,924,261
• To meet the growing demand for leisure travel among China’s own citizens and to encourage personal consumption for economic growth, the central government has issued a number of policies to promote domestic tourism.
旅游学概论
（2）国内旅游 Domestic Tourism
• Until the mid-1980s, domestic tourism hardly existed, China gives priority to inbound tourism for its foreign exchange earnings;
115,818
40,383.977 1,532,309
1996 51,127,516
6,744,334
154,601
44,228,581 1,733,897
1997 57,587,923
7,428,006
99,004
50,060,913 2,117,576
1998 63,478,401
7,107,747
GROWTH (%)
WORLD RANK
Fra Baidu bibliotek
70.9 37.3 27.3 7.4 11.6 20.2 10.5 22.5 21.6 20.7 -17.2 19.2 28.3 38.7 18.7
* 19.3 16.8 18.4 4.4 11.9 15.1
— — 34 34 29 26 21 21 22 26 26 27 25 21 17 15 10 10 9 8 7 7 7
around May 1(May Day/Labor Day), October 1 (National Day), and the lunar Spring Festival of Chinese New Year.
旅游学概论
Year
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
• *Over twice the output at $7.0 trillion *More jobs --- 260 million employees
• Growth depends on enlightened government policy
Source: WTTC
旅游学概论
２、中国旅游发展状况
RECEIPTS (Mn.US$)
262.9 449.3 616.7 784.9 843.2 941.2 1,131.3 1,250.0 1,530.9 1,861.5 2,217.6 1,860.5 2,217.6 2,844.9 3,946.9 4,683.2 7,323.0 8,733.0 10,200.0 12,074.0 12,602.0 14,099.0 16,224.0
旅行社：
五十年代中期只有国旅、中旅及其十几家分社，1998年发 展到6222家。
旅游学概论
ANNUAL VISITOR ARRIVALS 1978-2000
YEAR
TOTAL
FOREIGNERS
OVERSEAS CHINESE
*COMPATRIOTS
TAIWAN
1978 1,809,200
229,600
1,460,970
68,556
22,971,868 541,000
1990 27,461,821
1,747,315
91,090
25,623,416 948,000
1991 33,349,757
2,710,103
133,427
30,506,227 946,632
1992 38,114,945
4,006,427
YEAR
1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
INTERNATIONAL TOURISM RECEIPTS 1978-2000
165,007
33,943,441 1,317,770
1993 41,526,945
4,655,857
166,182
36,704,906 1,526,969
1994 43,684,456
5,182,060
115,245
36,996,690 1,390,215
1995 46,386,511
5,886,716