MR Airway Pressure Device - CAE UsersMR气道压力装置CAE用户
CAESES各行业应用案例介绍
1 轴流风扇噪声性能优化
CAESES中包含专门的叶轮机械模块，集成了多种参数化叶型生成方法，能够对叶型 参数及积叠规律等进行灵活的控制。
针对截面叶型及径向积叠规律主要设置如下参数：
Chord （弦长） Max Camber（最大弯度） Camber Pos（最大弯度位置） Thickness （叶片厚度） Stagger （安装角） Rake （轴向倾斜-掠角） Skew （周向倾斜-弯角） Tip clearance （顶部径向间隙） Number （叶片数）
在CAESES中建立燃烧室参数化模型， 通过型线回转生成曲面。
燃烧的压缩体积是一个关键参数。 在CAESES中通过算法控制，可以使
得燃烧室的压缩体积在模型变化过程 中始终能够满足要求。
2 汽车发动机进气岐管及燃烧室优化
优化工具：CAESES+Converge 优化算法：遗传算法 优化目标：SOOT及Nox排放
1 轴流风扇噪声性能优化
建立自动化仿真流程
几何输出
输入文件
输出文件
输出结果
1 轴流风扇噪声性能优化
DoE：参数变化影响规律研究 Variants: 500 评估目标: •静压升 •静压效率
•参数组合灵活 •自动后处理分析
1 轴流风扇噪声性能优化
自动化优化：NSGA II Population :20 Generations :100
2 汽车发动机进气岐管及燃烧室优化
2 汽车发动机进气岐管及燃烧室优化
优化迭代进程
SOOT Reduction 58.1%
NOx Reduction 5.9%
3 飞行器外气动性能优化
3 飞行器外气动性能优化
MSA 自主式呼吸保护装备（SCBA）产品说明书
Respiratory ProtectionIndustrial SCBA Components Harness/Backpack Industrial Applications: Nylon High Heat/Flashover: Nomex ®/Kevlar ®Utility D-Ring Options: Convenient D-rings located on the waist strap at either side of the user. These D-rings can be used to carry tools, ropes or other e quipment a user might need. Pull tested to over 1,000 lbs. of pull force with no deformation.Chest Strap Options: Provides an extra measure of upper harness security for those who prefer it.Cylinders Pressure: Low Pressure (2216 psig) or High Pressure (4500 psig)Duration: 30-minute, 45-minute or 60-minute rated air durations Long duration cylinders reduce the need for frequent cylinder changes. Type: Aluminum, Hoop-Wrapped Fiberglass, Fully Wrapped Carbon Carbon fiber material reduces cylinder weight by 2 to 10 lbs. when compared to fiberglass-wrapped and aluminum cylinders.Low Air Alarms Choice of low air alarms: Bell, Plain Whistle, or Warbling Whistle Choose the alarm most different from other noise/alarms in your work environment to eliminate any alarm confusion. Air Management Indicators Analog Gauge – Standard pressure indicator for all Industrial SCBAs (except HUD versions) Heads-Up Display (HUD) – Standard visual in-mask LED pressure indicator with visual alarm.Facepiece Size: Small, Medium, Large Harness Type: 5-pt. silicone headstrap or Kevlar ® mesh headnet.Neckstrap Option: Allows the facepiece to hang around neck while not in use.Let’s start by looking at the differentcomponents of an Industrial SCBA.Honeywell Respiratory Protection offers anextensive self-contained breathing apparatus(SCBA) product line to the Industrial market.Our products fit the needs and wants ofvirtually every application, situation and user.Safety is our priority and comfort isa prerequisite.Choosing an SCBA can be overwhelming.There are so many components, options,and configurations. Honeywell has madeit easy for you to identify what product andcomponents fit your needs the best.Sperian is now Honeywell.Supplied Air (SAR) Attachment OptionSupplied Air Attachment can be added to any SCBA. In this case, the SCBA cylinder is used for escape while working, if a pressure demand supplied air line has been interrupted. Buddy Breather Connection OptionA Buddy Breather gives the user the ability to share air with a rescuer “buddy” without having to disconnect the second stage regulator.Carrying Case OptionsHard carrying case or soft carrying case is available. Communications OptionsTo keep your team connected, Honeywell offers a choiceof three best-in-class communications options.• T he Voice Amplification System (VAS)offers clear, local vicinity communicationwith push-to-talk or hands-free modes.• T he Hard-Wired Radio CommunicationSystem (RCS) offers clear communicationusing a wired interface cable.• T he CommCommand™ Wireless RadioCommunication System (RCS) is a superiorwireless system, utilizing a digital spreadspectrum for crystal-clear wirelessradio communication.• B oth the VAS and RCS are modular, stand-alone components.• T he streamlined design and integration of the RCS and VAS allow secure attachment to the TwentyTwenty®Plus facepiece.• N either the VAS nor RCS obstructs the user’speripheral vision.• W ired interface cables and wireless lapel mics are available for a large selection of common radio systems.Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) Options COMPASS™ Chest-Mounted Device – A highly accurate motion sensor alerts a “man down” situation. DoublePASS™ – A unique, patented back-mountedalarm that can be clearly heard and seen if the wearerfalls forward onto their primary PASS device.ThermAlert™ – Heat alarm that sounds when exposure to heat over time matches a predetermined time-temperature curve.Other AccessoriesAPR Adapter – Provides air purifying capability without having to change facepieces. Attaches to the TwentyTwenty® Plus facepiece in a matter of seconds and provides users with the versatility of using the SCBA facepiece as an APR facepiece. Spectacles Kits – Allows anyone who uses a full facepiece respirator to use prescription eyeglasses inside the facepiece without compromising the seal. Honeywell offers two solutions.• S tandard – Offers traditional metal-framed eyeglassesthat fit inside the TwentyTwenty Plus facepiece.• N exSpex™ – Offers a plastic frame that can be removed from the TwentyTwenty Plus facepiece and attached tothe user’s head with elastic straps.CommunicationsOptionsCommCommand RCSVoice Amplification Systemwith Spectacles KitEvery SCBA contains a variety of these components with different features and benefits. The next section will discuss the SCBA models available and the differences of each.Sperian is now Honeywell.Survivair Puma – Compliance/Standard Industrial UnitThe Survivair Puma (based on the Survivair Cougar platform) is aNIOSH-certified, OSHA-compliant, hooded pressure demand SCBA de-signed for users with street glasses or facial configurations that are hardto fit with a conventional facepiece.Honeywell has two main SCBA platforms for Industrial SCBAs, the Survivair Cougar ™/Survivair Puma ™ SCBA and the Survivair Panther ® SCBA.2Provides protection from these unforeseen circumstances in the industrial market.Lightweight, easy to use, comfortable. auto darkening 9-12 shade or fixed 10 shade lens.524Survivair Panther HUD (2002-Style) – Premium UnitThe Survivair Panther HUD (2002-style) is a premium industrial SCBAdesigned for users requiring a NIOSH-certified SCBA for industrialhigh-heat, flashover or non-fire-related applications with standardHeads-Up Display and RIC/UAC.Added upgrades can be chosen on the Panther HUD as well, such ascommunication systems, supplied air attachment, COMPASS PASSdevice and analog pressure gauge options.The Survivair Panther (1997-Style) is a mid-tier industrialSCBA designed for users requiring a NIOSH-certifiedSCBA for high-heat, flashover or non-fire-relatedapplications. Offered with upgradable options suchas communication systems, supplied air attachment,COMPASS ™ PASS device and welding options.132Sperian is now Honeywell.888888 – Compliance Industrial SCBA – Low Pressure, 30-Minute Survivair ® Cougar SCBA (stocked item). Survivair Cougar 2216 psig, TwentyTwenty Plus medium facepiece, bell alarm, 2216 psig 30-minute aluminum cylinder without locking collar.555555 – Compliance Industrial SCBA – High Pressure, 60-Minute Survivair Cougar SCBA (stocked item). Survivair Cougar 4500 psig, TwentyTwenty Plus medium facepiece, bell alarm, 4500 psig 60-minute carbon cylinder without locking collar.481121 – Compliance Industrial SCBA – Low Pressure, 30-minute SCBA with SAR (stocked item).Survivair Cougar 2216 psig, TwentyTwenty Plus medium facepiece, bell alarm, 2216 psig 30-minute aluminum cylinder without locking collar, SAR attachment with Hansen Couplings carrying case.483121 – Standard Industrial SCBA with SAR – Low Pressure, 30-Minute S urvivair Cougar SCBA.Survivair Cougar 2216 psig, TwentyTwenty Plus medium facepiece, bell alarm, 2216 psig 30-minute carbon cylinder without locking collar, SAR attachment with Hansen couplings, carrying case.486121 – Standard Industrial SCBA with SAR – High Pressure, 30-Minute Survivair Cougar SCBA. Survivair Cougar 4500 psig, TwentyTwenty Plus medium facepiece, bell alarm, 4500 psig 30-minute carbon cylinder without locking collar, SAR attachment with Hansen couplings, carrying case. 777777 – Compliance Industrial SCBA – Low Pressure, 30-Minute Survivair Puma SCBA (stocked item).Survivair Puma 2216 psig, Survivai r Puma hood with medium nose cup, plain whistle alarm, 2216 psig 30-minute aluminum cylinder without locking collar.471281 – Compliance Industrial SCBA – Low Pressure, 30-Minute Puma SCBA.Survivair Puma 2216 psig, Survivair Puma hood with medium nose cup, plain whistle alarm, 2216 psig 30-minute aluminum cylinder without locking collar, SAR attachment with Hansen couplings, carrying case.476281 – Standard Industrial SCBA with SAR – High Pressure, 30-Minute Survivair Puma SCBA.Survivair Puma 4500 psig, Survivair Puma hood with medium nose cup, plain whistle alarm, 4500 psig 30-minute carbon cylinder without locking collar, SAR attachment with Hansen couplings, carrying case.491121 – Mid-Tier Industrial SCBA – Low Pressure, 30-Minute SCBA.1997-style Panther 2216 psig, TwentyTwenty Plus medium facepiece, bell alarm, 2216 psig 30-minute aluminum cylinder without locking collar, SAR attachment with Hansen couplings, carrying case.493121 – Mid-Tier Industrial SCBA with SAR – Low Pressure, 30-Minute SCBA.Survivair 1997-style Panther 2216 psig, TwentyTwenty Plus medium facepiece, bell alarm, 2216 psig 30-minute carbon cylinder without locking collar, SAR attachment with Hansen couplings, carrying case.499121 – Mid-Tier Industrial SCBA with SAR – High Pressure, 60-Minute SCBA.Survivair 1997-style Panther 4500 psig, TwentyTwenty Plus medium facepiece, bell alarm, 4500 psig 60-minute carbon cylinder without locking collar, SAR attachment with Hansen couplings, carrying case.496324 – Premium Industrial SCBA with HUD and SAR – High Pressure,30-Minute SCBA.Survivair 2002-style Panther 4500 psig, TwentyTwenty Plus medium facepiece,warbling whistle, 4500 psig 30-minute carbon cylinder without locking collar, HUD,analog gauge, SAR/buddy breather dual port attachment with Hansen couplings,chest strap, left and right D-rings, carrying case.Survivair Panther (1997 Style) SCBA Survivair Cougar SCBAHoneywell offers pre-configuredand stocked SCBAs for ease ofordering. Honeywell SCBAs mayalso be custom configured to fityour application and needs.How to Order a Honeywell Survivair ® SCBA Survivair Puma ™SCBAS elect SCBA Platform• S urvivair Cougar SCBA – Compliance/StandardIndustrial SCBA• S urvivair Puma SCBA – Compliance/Standard Hood Industrial SCBA• Survivair Panther (1997-Style) – Mid-Tier Industrial SCBA• Survivair Panther HUD (2002-Style) – Premium Industrial SCBA Select the System Pressure• Low Pressure• High PressureSelect Alarm Type• Bell• Plain Whistle• Warbling WhistleS elect Cylinder Type and Duration (pressureis determined by what system pressure was chosen)• High Pressure or Low Pressure• A luminum, Hoop-Wrapped Fiberglassor Fully Wrapped Carbon• 30-Minute• 45-Minute (only available in high pressure)• 60-Minute (only available in high pressure)Select Facepiece• Small, Medium, Large• 5-pt. silicone headstrap or Kevlar mesh headnetSelect Options if Desired Harness Options• Chest Strap• Utility D-RingsSupplied Air (SAR)/ Buddy Breather Attachment• S ingle Port(SAR/Buddy Breathing Connection – CANNOT be used simultaneously)• D ual Port(SAR/Buddy Breathing Connection – both can be used simultaneously)PASS (Personal Alert Safety System)• COMPASS• DoublePASS• ThermAlert Heat AlarmCommunication Systems• Voice Amplification System (VAS)• Hard-Wired Radio Communication System (RCS)• C ommCommand™ Wireless Radio Communication System (RCS)Carrying Case• Black hard caseSelect Spare Cylinders• Choose type and durationGeneral Facepiece Accessories• APR Adapter• Spectacles KitRefer to the Honeywell Selection and Ordering Guide for specific part numbers or contact your local Honeywell Safety Products representative for assistance.12 3 45678Sperian is now Honeywell.。
GE Healthcare S 5 Avance Carestation产品说明书
C linician inspired perioperative solutionsG E’s Avance Carestation® was developed using Datex-Ohmeda’s unique approach to perioperative solutions – close and continuous collaboration with clinicians. With you as our guide, we designed a compact, integrated anesthesia carestation that combines our highly advanced anesthesia delivery, the very best in anesthesia patient monitoring, and care information management. By combining these care elements with our supplies and services, we deliver an essential component of your integrated perioperative solution.S imply the best anesthesia ventilationY ou asked for sophisticated ventilation capabilities thathelp you meet the needs of the full patient range. TheDatex-Ohmeda Avance satisfi es your request with the7900 SmartVent™ ventilator. Ventilation capabilities include:Volume Control, Pressure Control, PSVPro, SIMV (Volume andPressure), and manual ventilation.The SmartVent uses a similar gas delivery system to thatfound in most critical care ventilators, yet has been adaptedspecifi cally for anesthesia applications and is easily control-led via our intuitive Datex-Ohmeda user interface.The SmartVent’s latest modes, Synchronized IntermittentMandatory Ventilation (SIMV) with Pressure Support and PSV-Pro® (Pressure Support with Apnea backup mode), expand theclinical capabilities of the Avance to help meet the needs ofyour patients. With an adjustable fl ow trigger, electronic PEEPand an apnea backup mode, the SIMV and PSVPro modeshelp simplify the work of caring for your spontaneouslybreathing patients. Pediatric patients, patients with laryngealmask airways (LMAs) and those that cannot tolerate certainanesthetic agents are examples of persons that will benefi tfrom the use of these modes.S etting the standard for electronic gas mixing Incredible response time and accuracy provides you with the ultimate in fresh gas control and effi ciency.• Low fl ow anesthesia supported:fl ow of 150 mL/min.gasminimum• 500 millisecond mixer response time –even for dramatic fl ow changes. Thisallows you to deliver exactly what youwant, exactly when you want it.• Since the mixer delivers fresh gasdirectly to the inspiratory port on yourcommand, there is no fresh gas oragent wasted to “charge the circuit”.This facilitates low fl ow clinicalpractices – even when changing fromfl ows to very low fl ows.highvery• Intuitive and fast setting of fresh gas fl ow mixture makes using our state-of-the-artgas mixer easy.• Dual fl ow sensing technology helpsensure safe operation. Gas fl ow ischecked 200 times per second to insurethe carestation is delivering the properblend based on your setting.• Electronic cylinder pressure sensingtechnology alerts you when cylinderslow.are• Alternate O2 control provides an inde-pendent fresh gas source and fl ow metercontrol when required – helping you tosupport your patient under unforeseenconditions.A dvanced Breathing System (ABS)The Avance comes equipped with our Advanced Breathing System, the ABS TM. Its design, based on your needs and our expertise, is fully integrated into the carestation.• Fewer parts and connections reducethe potential for leaks and misconnects,helping to provide greater patient safety.• Our Multi Absorber canister facilitatesfast, easy removal and replacement.• Fully autoclavable.• Choice of gas scavenging options helps provide compatibility with your existingwaste gas system.• Easy on/off capability and no toolsdisassembly of the ABS facilitates easiercleaning and reduces maintenance time.E nhancing your productivityS pecial features of the Avance make it easy to use and enable you tofocus more attention on your patient.• System checkout is fast and intuitive, with full-color photoimages to illustrate each step and confi rmation tones wheneach test is complete. A real-time clock displays time tocomplete each test and the date and time it passed.• Patient trends can be displayed in three views: measured(numerical), settings, and graphical. Measured and settingsdata is saved every fi ve minutes for the most recent 24 hours.Graphical data is saved every minute for the most recent 24 hours.• Quick Keys let you easily change O2 and total fl ow settings.You can use Vent Setup keys to enter and change multiplesettings and one button to confi rm them.• You can press any Gas or Vent key to take the machine outof standby and initiate gas fl ow to start the case, essential forcases.emergency• An 8-second power-down delay protects against accidentalshutdown during a case.P atient Spirometry TM measures airway pressures, fl ow, vol-umes, compliance and airway resistance breath by breath. On the Avance ventilation screen, the spirometry information is displayed as graphical loops, which may help you detect leaks or obstructions in the airway and adjust optimal ven-tilator settings. Because the spirometry loops are saveable, Patient Spirometry off ers you an intuitive tool for detecting changes in the patient’s ventilatory status.•Optional Datex-Ohmeda CompactAirway module can be physicallyintegrated into Avance for PatientSpirometry• Airway gases CO2, O2 and N2O andanesthetic agent measurement withidentifi cationautomatic• Patient Spirometry measured atthe patient’s airway as shown onthe Avance ventilation screen• A complete and integrated pictureof your patient’s ventilatory statusSubcortical ComponentsCortical Components AntinociceptionImmobilityAutonomic StabilityUnconsciousnessAmnesiaBrain FunctionEEG Airway GasesCO O Oxygen ReturnSvO 79MetabolismVO 340VCO 290EE 2400RQ 0.85Lung MechanicsCardiac FunctionECG RelaxationNMTLevel of HypnosisRE 42SE 40BIS 40TemperatureGastric PerfusionPgCO 45CirculationOxygen DeliverySpO 98Haemodynamic monitoring• Standard haemodynamic measurement of ECG, NIBP, up to six invasive blood pressure channels, temperature, SpO2 and respiration rate, C.O. and SpO2 technologies with oxygenation and• SvOhaemodynamic calculations give a thorough view of your patient’s haemodynamic statusECG and ST analysis• Up to 12-lead ECG with multi-lead arrhythmia analysis• Viewing, printing and adjustable ST alarm settings for ante- rior, inferior and lateral lead groups• Sophisticated Ischemic Burden view for easy and accurate visualization of patient’s ischemic eventsLevel of hypnosis• Entropy® monitors the eff ects of certain anaesthetics on the patient’s central nervous system• Response Entropy shows the reactivity of the patient’s,State Entropy the hypnotic state of cortex• Helps to avoid unnecessarily deep anaesthesia and to prevent unexpected recoveryNeuromuscular transmission• The NMT module measures the patient’s individual re- sponse to nerve stimulation and regional block• Continuous hands-free measurement with automatic trending and recovery note• All simulation modes (TOF, DBS, ST, PTC) to optimize thepatient’s level of neuromuscular blockEEG• A sensitive tool for monitoring the neurophysiological sta- tus of the perioperative patient• Up to four channels of continuous measurement and spec- tral EEG with trending• Auditory Evoked Potential (AEP) measurement for brain- stem and mid-latency responsesI ntegrated solutions designed to enhance your careO ur constant cooperation and interaction with clinicians al-lows us to continuously refi ne and improve our user interfacecapabilities and identify valuable integration benefi ts. Werecognize that making our carestations easy to use is abso-lutely one of the most important aspects we can provide toyou and your practice.Unique ergonomic advantages• Heralded Datex-Ohmeda user interface shared with allcomponents of the carestation• Consistent menus, quick key actions and alarm management help minimize the need for training and reducecomplexity during critical and non-critical events• One switch power up for the entire carestation• Flexibility with diff erent display options for monitored data• Extra large work surface area – space to meet your needs• LED light strip provides bi-level work surface illumination• Mains electrical surge protection and battery backupprovide operation capability even under abnormal powerconditionsSupport in decision making• By combining the set and measured inspiratory and ex-piratory gas values on the same full-color, 12 inch venti-lation screen helps make the administration and controlof gases delivered to the patient logical and easy to use• Sophisticated, yet simple alarm management providesyou with intelligent information when you need it most• Help screens provide you with immediate assistance• Strong commitment to enhancing the Avance’s abilityto provide decision support through intelligent parameterinteractionAnesthesia documentation• Centricity Anesthesia is an open, modular anaesthesiasolution providing a continuum of patient data throughoutthe anaesthesia workfl ow.• Deio Anesthesia shares the Datex-Ohmeda anaesthesiamonitoring user interface and hardware platform. Ittherefore provides an excellent solution for customerswho already own Datex-Ohmeda monitors and arefamiliar with their operation. Like Centricity Anesthesia,Deio Anesthesia provides tools covering the entireprocess.anaesthesiaInformation at the point of needThe iCentral suite of applications off ers scalable networking, viewing, storing and exporting of all patient data. It provides real-time waveforms, numerical data, alarms, vital signs, trends, event history with snapshots and full disclosure – all logically organized into cardiac, haemodynamic, ventilation and neurological views. Using iCentral, consultation and remote surveillance are easier when the same, complete information is available simultaneously in all departments, offi ces and other care locations.iConnect solutions include iCollect, a valuable research tool for professionals that provides an easy and efficient way to collect all data from iMM monitors; iDIS (Device Interfacing Solution) allowing interfacing of external medical devices to iMM monitoring; and iGate, a communication platform to hospital information systems supporting standards developed specifi cally for the healthcare domain, such as HL7.iPON solutions help clinicians capture and share vital information wheneverand wherever they need it. iPOC – information at the point of care – makes it easy to navigate a wealth of clinical information, giving care providers bedside access to various information sources like laboratory results, patient demograph-ic data and image access, while also offering the possibility to run otherclinical information systems applications. Complementing iPOC are Cellular Viewer, Pocket Viewer and Web Viewer, which allow real-time information access from both within and outside of the hospital.For more than 100 years, scientists and industry leaders have relied on General Electric for technology, services and productivity solutions. So no matter what challenges your healthcare system faces – you can always count on GE to help you deliver the highest quality services and support.For details, please contact your GE Healthcare represen-tative today.General Electric Company reserves the right to make changes in speci fi cations and features shown herein, or discontinue the pro-duct described at any time without notice or obligation. Contact your GE representative for the most current information.© 2005 General Electric Company GE Healthcare Finland Oy, a General Electric Company, going to market as GE Healthcare Printed in Finland GE HealthcareGE Healthcare Finland OyP.O. Box 900,FIN-00031 GE, FinlandTel. +358 10 394 11Fax +358 9 146 3310M1040439/0105 © 2005 The decisive di ff erenceSupplies and accessories are not born equal, whether in design, quality or price. Our original Supplies & Accessories are designed and validated speci fi cally for our equipment. They make a decisive di ff erence to your operation by ensuring:• Constant availability and lifetime support• Compatibility• High quality – tested and valitated• Accurate measurements• Ease-of-use – true ergonomic design• Excellent value。
压缩空气的英文缩写
压缩空气的英文缩写压缩空气的英文缩写是CA（Compressed Air）。
压缩空气是指将正常的大气压力下的空气通过压缩机进行压缩，以增加其压力和密度的过程。
压缩空气作为一种高效、清洁、安全和可靠的能源形式，在许多工业和商业应用中被广泛使用。
压缩空气是工业过程中的一项重要能源，广泛应用于各种领域，如发动机动力、电力行业、制造业、建筑业、化工业、汽车维修行业等等。
下面列举了一些与压缩空气相关的应用和设备的英文缩写。
1. 继电器（Relay）：用于控制和保护压缩机和其他压缩空气设备的电气元件。
常见的压缩空气设备继电器包括CPR （Compressor Protection Relay）和CRA（Compressor Run Alarm）。
2. 控制系统（Control System）：使用压缩空气来控制各种设备和工艺过程的自动化系统。
常见的压缩空气控制系统包括CMS（Compressed Air Management System）和ACS（Air Control System）。
3. 干燥机（Dryer）：用于去除压缩空气中的水分和湿气的设备，以提高空气质量和保护设备。
常见的压缩空气干燥机包括HD（Heatless Dryer）和RAS（Refrigerated Air Dryer）。
4. 管道系统（Piping System）：用于输送压缩空气的管道网络系统。
常见的压缩空气管道系统包括CPS（Compressed AirPiping System）和ADS（Air Distribution System）。
5. 过滤器（Filter）：用于去除压缩空气中的固体颗粒、液体和油污的设备。
常见的压缩空气过滤器包括PF（Particulate Filter）和OF（Oil Filter）。
6. 接头（Coupling）：用于连接压缩空气设备和管道系统的连接器。
常见的压缩空气接头包括QD（Quick Disconnect Coupling）和HP (High-Pressure) Coupling。
呼吸机相关词汇
附录一常用机械通气模式或方法中、英文对照与缩写AA V (adaptive assisted ventilation) 适应性辅助通气ASV (adaptive support ventilationg) 适应性支持通气AMV (assisted mandatory ventilationg) 辅助指令通气APRV (airway pressure release ventilation) 气道压力释放通气Auto-PEEP 自发(自动)性呼气末正压Auto-flow 自动流量BIPAP (biphasic positive airway pressure) 双相气道正压通气BiPAP (bi-level positive airway pressure) 双水平气道正压通气CPPB (continuous positive pressure breathing) 持续正压呼吸CPPB/CPPV (continuous positive pressure ventilation) 持续正压通气CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) 持续正压气道/持续气道正压A/C (assisted/control ventilation) 辅助/控制通气C/A (control/assisted ventilaion) 控制/辅助通气CMV (control mechanical ventilation) 机械控制通气CMV (continuous mandatory ventilation) 持续指令通气ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenator) 肺或体外循环膜式氧合器EIPPV (end-inspiratory positive pressure ventilation) 吸气末正压通气Expiratory retard 呼气延长或延迟End-expiratory hold 呼气末屏气HFV (high frequency ventilation) 高频通气HFPPV (high-frequency positive pressure ventilation) 高频正压通气HFJV (high-frequency jet ventilation) 高频喷射通气HFOV (high-frequency oscillation ventilation) 高频振荡通气IA V (intermittent assisted ventilation) 间歇辅助通气Inspiratory hold 吸气屏气IMV (intermittent mandatory ventilation) 间歇指令通气IPPV (intermittent positive pressure ventilation) 间歇正压通气IPPV (invasive positive pressure ventilation) 有创机械通气IPNPV(intermittent positive negative pressure ventilation) 间歇正负压通气IRV (inversed ratio ventilation) 反比通气MV (manual ventilation) 手控通气MMV (mandatory minute ventilation) 指令分钟通气NEEPV (negative end-expiratory pressure) 呼气末负压通气NIPPV (non-invasive positive pressure ventilation) 无创正压通气PA V (proportional assisted ventilation) 成比例辅助通气PPS (proportional pressure support) 比例压力支持PCV (pressure control ventilation) 压力控制通气PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) 呼气末正压通气PEEPi (intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure) 内源性呼气末正压通气PLV (partial liquid ventilation) 部分液体通气Prone ventilation 俯卧位通气PSV (pressure support ventilation) 压力支持通气SIMV (synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation) 同步间歇指令通气Sigh 叹息VCV (volume control ventilation) 容量控制通气VSV (volume support ventilation) 容量支持通气PRVC (pressure regulated volume control) 压力调节的容量控制V APS (volume assured pressure support) 容量保证压力支持附录二呼吸机版面常用术语中、英文对照与缩写Power 电源Mode 通气模式Assist 辅助Control 控制A/C 辅助/控制SIMV/IMV 同步间歇指令通气/间歇指令通气IPPV 间歇正压通气CPAP 持续正压气道通气PCV 压力控制PSV 压力支持VCV 容量控制VSV 容量支持Sigh 叹息SIMV+PSV 同步间歇指令通气+压力支持SIMV+Sigh 同步间歇指令通气+叹息MMV 指令每分钟通气Inspiratory Hold 吸气屏气MV (manual ventilation) 手控通气通气参数TV(V T) 潮气量MV 分钟通气量Respiratory Rate(frequency) 呼吸频率Peak Flow 峰流(量) I ：E (I/E) 吸：呼PSV 压力支持PEEP/CPAP 呼气末正压通气/持续气道正压Sensitivity 触发灵敏度Oxygen(%) 氧浓度监测指标High airway pressure 高气道压Low airway pressure 低气道压High minute volume 高分钟通气量Low minute volume 低分钟通气量Apnea 呼吸暂停Patient effort 病人触发TV 潮气量MV 分钟通气量Machine inoper 机器故障Power inoper 电源故障Low gas pressure 气源压力过低附录三呼吸生理专业词汇中、英文对照与缩写一、基本略号A alveolar gas 肺泡气B barometric (大)气压的C content of gas in blood 血中气体含量compliance 顺应性D dead space(volume) 无效腔(量)diffusion capacity 弥散量E expired gas 呼出气Elastic 弹性的(肺泡)弹性回缩力F fractional concentration of gas 气体浓度G conductance 传导I inspired gas 吸入气Inspiration 吸气L lung 肺M minute 分钟Maximal 最大的P pressure 压力partial pressure 分压average pressure 平均压Q volume of blood 血容积血流量Q●blood flow in liters per minute 单位时间(分钟)的血流量R resistance 阻力Ratio 比率(例) S saturation 饱和度T tidal volume 潮气量Time 时间V gas volume 气体容量V ventilation in liters per mimute 分钟通气量●V flow rate 流速V mixed venous blood 混合静脉血W work of breathing 呼吸功a arterial blood 动脉血aw airway 气道c capillary blood 毛细血管血f frequency 呼吸频率s shut 分流v venous 静脉的二、肺容积和肺容量（lung volume and capacity）CC closing capacity 闭合容积CV closing volume 闭合容量ERV expiratory reserve volume 补呼气量FRC functional residual capacity 功能残气量IC inspiratory capacity 深吸气量IRV inspiratory reserve volume 补吸气量RV residual volume 残气量TLC total lung capacity 肺总量V d an volume of anatomical dead space 解剖无效腔量V d alv volume of alveolar dead space 肺泡无效腔量V D volume of dead space 无效腔量V T tidal volume 潮气量V D/V T (ratio of dead space to tidal volume) 无效腔/潮气量三、通气(ventilation)FEFV forced expiratory flow volume 用力呼气流量FVC forced vital capacity 用力肺活量FEV1forced expiratory volume in the first second 第一秒用力呼气流量FEV1/FVC forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity第一秒用力呼气流量/用力肺活量FIV forced inspiratory volume 用力吸气量MBC maximal breathing capacity 通气最大呼吸量MVV maximal minute ventilation 最大分钟通气量MEFV maximal expiratory flow-volume 最大呼气流速-容量MIFV maximal inspiratory flow-volume 最大吸气流速-容量MMEF maximal mid-expiratory flow 最大中段呼气流速MVV maximal voluntary ventilation 最大自主通气量PEF peak expiratory flow 最大呼气流(速)PF peak flow 峰流量 TVC time vital volume 时间肺活量 ●V A minute volume of alveloar ventilation 分钟肺泡通气量 MV minute ventilation 分钟通气量 ●V ISO V olume of iso-flow 等流速容量 ●V max50&●V 50 maximal expiratory flow in 50% vital capacity 50%肺活量时最大呼气流(速) ●V max25&●V 25 maximal expiratory flow in 25% vital capacity 25% 肺活量时最大呼气流(速) ●V max maximal expiratory flow 最大呼气流(速) ●V -V flow-volume 流速-容量四、通气与血流(ventilation and perfusion)CaO 2 arterial oxygen content 动脉血氧含量 CvO 2 oxygen content in venous blood 静脉血氧含量 C v O 2 oxygen content in mixed venous blood 混合静脉血氧含量 C (a-v)O 2 arterial-venous oxygen content difference 动-静脉血氧含量差 C (a-v )O 2 arterial-mixed venous oxygen content difference 动-混合静脉血氧含量差 P A O 2 partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar gas 肺泡气氧分压 P(A-a)O 2 partial pressure of oxygen difference of alveolar-arterial肺泡-动脉氧分压差 D(A-a)O 2 difference of partial pressure of oxygen of alveolar-arterial oxygen肺泡-动脉氧分压差 P v O 2 oxygen partial pressure of mix venous 混合静脉血氧分压 Q ● s /Q ●t ratio of shunted blood to total perfusion 静-动脉分流/总流量 Q ●sphy physiological pulmonary shunt 生理性肺内分流 Q ●san anatomical pulmonary shunt 解剖性肺内分流 S v O 2 mixed venous oxygen saturation 混合静脉血氧饱和度 ●V A /Q ●ventilation/perfusion 通气/血流五、弥散(diffusion)D L diffusion of lung 肺的弥散D L CO diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide of the lung 肺CO弥散量D L O2 diffusion capacity for oxygen of the lung 肺的氧弥散量六、呼吸力学(mechanics of breathing)Ccw chest wall compliance 胸壁顺应性CE Ceff effective compliance 有效顺应性C fd lung compliance 频率依赖的顺应性C L lung compliance 肺顺应性CLdyn dynamic lung compliance 动态肺顺应性CLst static lung compliance 静态肺顺应性C/V L specific compliance 单位肺容量的肺顺应性E L elastance of lung 肺弹性回缩EPP equal pressure point 等压点Gaw airway conductance 气道传导率Gsp specific airway conductance 比气道传导率Plel lung elastic recoil pressure 肺弹性回缩压PEFR peak expiratory flow rate 最大呼气流速PEF peak expiratory flow 最大呼气流量PIF peak inspiratory flow 最大吸气流量PIP peak inspiratory pressure 最大吸气压力R aw airway resistance 气道阻力R ds downstream resistance 下游气道阻力R us upstream resistance 上游气道阻力R L total airway resistance 总气道阻力R rs respiratory resistance 呼吸阻力RQ respiratory quotient 呼吸商Z rs respiratory impedance 总呼吸阻抗W work of breathing 呼吸功附录四血气分析常用符号中、英文对照与缩写AB actual bicarbonate 实际碳酸氢盐ABC actual bicarbonate radical 实际碳酸氢根ABE actual base excess 实际碱剩余BB buffer base 缓冲碱BF base excess 剩余碱CaO2oxygen content in arterial blood 动脉血氧含量CvO2 oxygen content in venous blood 静脉血氧含量CCO2 content of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳含量C v O2 oxygen content in mixed venous blood 混合静脉血含量FiO2 fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired gas 吸入气氧浓度PaO2 /FiO2 呼吸指数(动脉氧分压/吸入气氧浓度)P I O2partial pressure of oxygen in inspired gas 吸入气氧分压P A O2partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar gas 肺泡氧分压P E O2 partial pressure of oxygen in expired gas 呼出气氧分压F E CO2 fractional concentration of carbon dioxide in expired gas 呼出气CO2 浓度P E CO2 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in expired gas 呼出气CO2 分压P v O2 oxygen partial pressure of mixed venous blood 混合静脉血氧分压SCV O2central venous O2 saturation 中心静脉血氧饱和度S v O2mixed venous oxygen saturation 混合静脉血氧饱和度TCO2 total carbon dioxide content 二氧化碳总含量H+ hydrogen ion concentration 氢离子浓度pH hydrogen exponent 酸碱度P50 partial pressure of oxygen in 50% saturation of hemoglobin血氧饱和度为50%的氧分压PaO2partial pressure of oxygen in artery 动脉血氧分压Pa CO2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery 动脉二氧化碳分压PcO2 partial pressure of oxygen in capillary 毛细血管氧分压PvO2 partial pressure of oxygen in venous 静脉氧分压P v O2 partial pressure of oxygen in mixed venous 混合静脉血氧分压SaO2arterial oxygen saturation 动脉血氧饱和度SAT saturation of arterial oxygen 动脉血氧饱和度SB standard bicarbonate 标准碳酸氢盐SBC standard bicarbonate radical 标准碳酸氢根SBE standard base excess 标准剩余碱SvO2 venous oxygen saturation 静脉血氧饱和度S v O2mixed venous oxygen saturation 混合静脉血氧饱和度跨肺压（ΔPL）=气道开口压（Pao）-胸膜腔内压（Ppl）（1）跨肺泡压（ΔPalv）=肺泡内压（Palv）-胸膜腔内压（Ppl）（2）跨气道压（Δpaw）=气道开口压（Pao）-肺泡内压（Palv）（3）气道峰压（PIP）=气道阻力压（PRaw）+平台压（Ppla）（4）平台压（Ppla）近似等于平均肺泡内压（Palv）。