Ireland
爱尔兰(Ireland)
爱尔兰（Ireland ）在爱尔兰出行， 是一种轻松愉悦的体验。
无论是穿梭在精致而小巧的现代化城镇，还是驰骋在芳草萋萋牛羊成群的田野乡间，总有看不尽的迷人风景和道不尽的淳朴人情。
1、爱尔兰的自然風光爱尔兰有奇特的新月形地貌、壮观的大西洋海景、错综复杂的洞穴和清澈的河流湖泊，来发现爱尔兰惊人的美吧。
爱尔兰以其丰富的绿色著称，据说整片国土有四十种不同色调的绿色，但这个国家的自然风光中并不只有翡翠绿的颜色。
大约三百四十年前巴仑（Burren ）在海底形成，它是位于西海岸线中部(从克莱尔郡北部 Clare 一直延伸到戈尔韦郡南部 Galway )的一个美丽地区。
巴仑的风景相当吸引人，它独特的地貌包括数英里的石灰层、蜿蜒的河流、湖泊、迷宫般的洞穴、丰富的文化遗产、爱尔兰百分之七十以上的植物群、五百多个圆形堡垒和八十多个新石器时代墓地。
也许巨人堤奇特的新月形地形其实是由于火山爆发和冷却的岩浆而形成，但爱尔兰的传说则给你讲述一个完全不同的神话故事。
巨人堤（联合国教科文组织世界遗址）其实是一个玄武岩石柱群，从安特立姆高原Antrim’s 的悬崖一直延伸入海。
在苏格兰赫布里底群岛地带的斯特拉法岛上也有同样类似的石头，过去人们都认为这是巨人芬恩·麦克库尔的杰作，为的是能到达苏格兰去和住在那边的巨人一决高下。
爱尔兰的海岸线超过1448千米，蔚为壮观，西面环绕着壮丽的大西洋，而东面则是爱尔兰海。
爱尔兰的海岸线超过1448千米，蔚为壮观，西面环绕着壮丽的大西洋，而东面则是爱尔兰海。
高耸的悬崖、清新的海水、天然的沙滩和各种水上活动，除了这些，爱尔兰的渔村还为你提供世界上最美味的海鲜。
不如前往科克郡( Cork)的金赛尔（Kinsale ）、凯里郡( Kerry)的丁格尔（Dingle ）、沃特福德郡( Waterford)的邓莫尔东部（Dunmore East）、戈尔威郡( Galway)的朗德斯东（Roundstone）、安特立姆郡( Antrim) 的库什敦（Cushendun），还有多尼戈尔郡( Donegal)的基尔嘉（Kilcar）。
爱尔兰国家概况中英文版
02. Climate
Climate
03. Major Cities
Major Cities
Dublin
The capital city of Ireland is Dublin, which is located in Dublin Bay. With one-fourth of the country's total population living there, Dublin is the largest city in Ireland. It is also the country's chief port, the commercial and financial center, and the seat of culture.
The The Republic of Ireland
姓名：
The island of Ireland is the third largest island in Europe. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean, separated from the island of Great Britain by the Irish Sea and from mainland Europe by the Celtic Sea.
The island of Ireland is epublic of Ireland, which is an independent country, and Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom.
Cork
Cork (科克) is the second largest city in Ireland. The city has a reputation for independence dating back to 1491, when its people fought to overthrow the English rule. The people of Cork are proud of their participation in the Irish War of Independence
Ireland爱尔兰英文介绍PPT
Ireland has a lot of reputation,such as European Manor and Celtic Tiger.Irish economy is small but very well-developed.In between 1995 to 2004,the economy has grown by 7 percent developed,which depend on trade,small and modern.and in 2003,Ireland has become the world's second national per capita GDP.This picture is about Ireland's GDP from 2006 to 2011,we can see that GDP stabilized at around $ 50,000.January 1999, Ireland and 11 other countries took part in the euro zone,and start using the euro currency.Now we highlight several aspects of the Irish economy.First,Export-oriented economy.Look at this chart,since many years, the Irish export trade to GDP has remained at more than 45%,much higher than the United States, China, Japan and other economic powers.the reason is that Ireland has small size and population,domestic demand is relatively limited, products and services mainly depend on the international market, so its exports remain an important position in the economy and long-term.Second,Changing economic structure.The first stage.Historically, Ireland is a country with agriculture and animal husbandry,the economy is undeveloped.The second stage.Since the 1980s, the Irish economy driven by high-tech industry development, and a good investment environment to attract a lot of foreign investment, completed by the pastoral economy to a knowledge-based economy by leaps andbounds.Since 1995, the Irish economy continued to grow rapidly, becoming the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development of the fastest growing economies in countries.The third stage.Since 2008, the international financial crisis,Ireland began to change the economic structure,increasing the proportion of tertiary industry in the economy.Through this chart, we can see services accounted for 70 percent of GDP, as the economy leading industries.。
爱尔兰国家介绍
By Chen Xueping
Key words: The second largest island : the total area is 70,273m2 Location : North Atlantic Ocean, separated from Great Britain and mainland Europe. Two parts: the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland (U.K )
The second largest city: Cork(科克）
Its people fought to overthrow (推翻）English rule. The city’s nickname: the Rebel Country(反叛之国）.
Other major cities: Galway (戈尔韦）,Limerick （利默尼里克） and Waterford（沃特福德）.
The capital city : Dublin
It straddles(横跨）the mouth of the River Liffey(利菲 河）.
With one third of the total population living here.
It is the largest city in Ireland ,and is the commercial and industrial center of Ireland and the country’saphical features of Ireland are low central plain surrounded by a ring of coastal mountains.
英语必修二爱尔兰短文翻译
英语必修二爱尔兰短文翻译【原文】BEAUTIFUL IRELAND AND ITS TRADITIONS美丽的爱尔兰及其传统Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions. The country has a long history of producing great writers and poets. Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all, offering something for each of the senses. The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald IsIe” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast. On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song. With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining. To have a chance of experiencing this, stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer. Better yet, enjoy a delicious traditional Irish Beef Stew. If you’re lucky, you might beable to enjoy some traditional music and dancing, too. And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.【译文】一直以来，爱尔兰美丽的乡村对其人民和传统产生着深远的影响。
国家概况Ireland
IrelandClimate:Ireland is not very hot during summer, nor very cold in winter, actually it has a quite temperate climate_ does not vary from one season the next.Ireland had a quite unspoiled landscape, due to the comparative poverty of the country. Conflicts often arise between those who seek development and those who seek to protect the environment.Environmentthe third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island in the world, it lies to the northwest of continental Europe . To the east of Ireland is Great Britain.Relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain, the island has lush vegetation, a product of its mild but changeable oceanic climate. Thick woodlands covered the island until the 17th century. Today, it is the most deforested area in Europe.Twenty-six mammal species are native to Ireland, with some, such as the red fox, hedgehog and badger, being very common. Others, like the Irish hare, red deer, and pine marten are less so.The population of Ireland is estimated to be 6.5 million people, with just under 4.5 million in the Republic of Ireland and just under 1.8 million in Northern Ireland. This is a significant increase from a modern historical low of 4.2 million in the 1960s but still much lower than the peak population of over 8 million in the mid-19th century prior to the Great Famine.Large populations of people of Irish live in many western countries, particularly in English-speaking countries including Great Britain, the United States, Australia, Canada, Argentina, Chile, South Africa, New Zealand, Mexico, France, Germany and Brazil. The largest number of people of Irish descent live in the United States—about ten times more than in Ireland itself Historically, emigration has been caused by politics,The Irish Sea separating the islands of Ireland and Great Britain. It is connected to the Atlantic Ocean in the south and in the north by the North Channel.The sea is of significant economic importance to regional trade, shipping and transport, fishing and so on.The Irish Hills Its name comes from the Irish immigrants who settled there from 1830-1850. It is renowned throughout the state for its beautiful scenery, especially in the summer, with its many hills and larger lakes surrounded. As for tourism, the Irish Hills offer some family-oriented locations, including family-owned restaurants and bars that offer a variety of different food. Population and migrationAccording to the 1841 census, there were 6.5 million of population. But in the late 1980s there were 3million population remained in the Irish Republic. At present, prosperity brought its population up to 4 million. This is a significant increase, but still much lower than the peak population of over 8 million in the mid-19th century prior to the Great Famine.There are 4.5 million population at present in the Republic because of an increased prosperity.Reasons:Great Famine in 1845 led a mass emigrationBefore Great Famine, 2/3 of the Irish population depended on agriculture for a living. In 1845-1848, there was a successive and serious failure of potato crop, many Irish people starved to death or died of the diseasesBritish government appeared to be indifferent to the fate of the poorest people Emigrants of Irish people ( move out from his own country, while immigrants move into a foreign country ):----- before Famine, emigrants were often the younger sons of farmers who were seeking to better their economic position in America and Canada. These people were not very poor; they usually had some education and some money to start their new life. Many of them became heads of families (名门望族) or succeed in political and economical life of the United States.Among them, there were 7 US presidents.----- L ater immigrants to the United States and Canada were entirely different; they emigrated just because of Famine.----- J ewish immigrants there were an increase in Jewish immigration to Ireland during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In 1871, the Jewish population of Ireland was 258; The Jewish population of Ireland reached around 5,500 in the late 1940s, but has since (2008) declined to around 2,000, mainly through emigration to larger Jewish communities such as those in the United States, England and Israel. The Republic of Ireland currently has four synagogues: three in Dublin, one in Cork.The civil serviceThe cabinet organized with Ministers appointed by the Prime Minister dominates sixteen Government Departments. Each Department is headed by a Minister. The civil service is independent in the performance of its duties and has no involvement in party politics.Recruitment to the civil service is by public competitive exams administered by the independent Civil Service CommissionTeachers and members of the health services, the police force, the army and the staff of local authorities belong to the wider public service, rather than the civil service proper.GovernmentAfter independence from the Great Britain, Ireland takes a polity mixed with both the Britain and the United States.Britain model: the president is primarily a symbolic head ( besides a certain power of guarding constitution, for instance, refer a proposed legislation to the Supreme Court for a decision as to whether it contains anything repugnant to the Constitution, and the power of refusing to dissolve parliament ).America model: president, not queen; checks and balancesIreland is a representative democracy: most of its offices are filled through election, either direct or indirect, by the representatives of Irish people.The Government is headed by President, not the Queen.The President appoints the Prime Minister, not necessarily the head of the Party in power.The Prime Minister organizes the CabinetThe Cabinet is organized by 16 Ministers of the Government assigned by the Prime MinisterThe legislation is interpreted by a hierarchy of courts ( 法院的特权阶级)An unarmed police force ( Guardians of the Peace ) enforces the lawThe presidentThe head of government and elected by direct vote of the people. Every citizen of 35 years of age or over is eligible to run for presidentThe term of office is seven years. A President can be re-elected once onlyThe President acts as symbolic Head of State and does not have executive functions.The GovernmentThe executive branch of the country, checked by the legislature and the judiciary, that is , the parliament and the legal system. It consists of 7-15 members, all must be elected members of the Irish ParliamentThe Prime Minister is appointed by the President on the nomination of the Parliament and must resign if he ceases to retain the support of a majority in the ParliamentThe Prime Minister nominates one member of the government to be the Deputy Prime Minister who'll take Prime Minister's responsibility when Prime Minister is absent; nominates 11 senators, appoints an Attorney General ( 检察长、首席检察官） who acts as legal adviser to the Government and may attend Cabinet meetings; assigns Ministers of the Government who organizes the Cabinet, each Minister is responsible for one Department generally and assisted by Ministers ofState （副部长、部长助理） in their work （ who are appointed by the Minister of the Government and are not members of the Government ）ParliamentThe legislative branch of the country, checked by the executive and judiciary. It makes law for the State, but the power of the Parliament is really secondary to that of the Government cabinet and to the work of the various Parliament Committees/Department.The House of Dail （ Commons 众议院） has 166 members representing the region which elected themThe House of Senate （Lords 参议院） has 60 members, they are not directly elected. 11 members are nominated by the Prime Minister; 43 members are elected from five panels of candidates under different headings, such as that in agriculture; the remaining 6members are elected from two universities _____ three from the National Uni. of Ireland, the other three from Uni. of Dublin. The Legal SystemThe judiciary branch of the country, checked by its own hierarchy courts. The judges are appointed by the President on the advice of the government. They are guaranteed independence in every exercise of their functions, not be influenced in their work by political or personal pressures.Five decision makingEvery Ireland citizen of 35 years of age or over is eligible to run for President. Every resident citizen over the age of eighteen years may vote at the first four of the following; but the local election can only be carried out by the local residents,regardless of citizenship; EU citizen may vote at European and local election, which means the Europeans have part of the rig h t of Ireland citizens.The reasons of prosperity:1)the conversion of government's attitude:2)the transform from inward-looking towards the outward-looking ineconomy. Ireland government realized3)the protectionism of agricultural economy forbid Irish products from amore open market and forced them out with cheaper imports, the resultwas high prices at home.4)2)Ireland got rid of the controlling of Britain and went to a more openmarket in economy. Its entrance to the EU has transformed labourpractice and given Ireland access to the Single Market ( 欧盟统一市场)5) 2. a population boom:6)As is well-known, there had been 6.5 million population before 1841,but in the late 1980s there were 3 million population only, almost a halfemigrated just because of poverty ( what the people ate in the belly andthey had on the back ).There are 4.5 million population at present in theRepublic because of an increased prosperity.7) 3. a reform of education:8)Young people were better educated and more aware of their goal of life,they chose to remain and take up employment. Their attitude brought aradical change.9) 4. being member of European Market in 197110) ____ benefited from the massive infusion of EU funding11) ____ trading under the terms of Common Agricultural Policy12) ____ all citizens hold EU citizenship13) ____ The people are entitled to work, to be educated and claimthe social benefits of any other European member state, e.g. the students learning in UK enjoy the same right of scholarship( 1/3 tuition of the students fro non-EU ); Irish people can employed in any member state of EU; and they can enter any EU member state without visa and so on, Irish people are easy to move to France or other EU states to make a livelihood.14)Irish culture15)House ———the property was historically a mark of status. The Irishare very determined to own their own houses, but the rising demand also means rising house prices, a young couple would need two good incomes to afford a house16)Farm ———family business For generations, a family may live onthis farm for a hundred, two hundred years, till died in this place in the same house. Now the idea is changing. The father will urged his eldest son to get a university education, and never to come back to the family farm except to visit; a younger brother or sister would run the farm as a second income17)Pursue higher education ———Rather than leaving school at fifteen,the youth would be most likely university-educated and headed for aprofessional or semi-professional career18)Independence of women ———Many a young girl prefers going to aleading university and taking a man's major, chemical engineering for instance. After graduation, buy herself own apartment, a fancy car. Some young ladies, although over thirty, she has no plan to marry, but dates a large number of men. If she never meets anyone to marry, she may havea baby herself.The benefits of women's liberation movement brought upA.demanding contraceptives and the right to have an abortion if necessary, so that gains control of their own fertilityB.demanding the right to divorceC.taking a state or semi-state job with equal right to be promotedD.being paid maternity leave of 18 weeks ( and later, unpaid 14 weeksparental leave )E.sharing the housework together with their husbands ( cook, iron a shirtor look after children )5)Wider sight of job ———Rather than emigrating to the United States orBritain in search of employment, they would be looking forwards the new member states of the EU for job opportunities or in global ratherthan local terms6)Contradictory relation with the British ———The attitudes of the Irishpeople to the English are contradictory which forms a love/hate relationship, their admiration and condemnation of the English often go hand-in-hand.E.g. the nationalists believe Irish people should speak their own language-the first official language of the Irish Republic, while almost every Irish speaks English.The reason is perhaps there has been so much movements ( 走动、联系)between the British and Ireland that almost every Irish family has relations in England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales.The British regard the Irish, at best, dreamy and impractical; at worst, lazy and over-drunk. But the fact is quite the oppositive, the Irish workforce is young, highly educated, entrepreneurial and disciplined.7)The differences of the two religion ———Since 1970s, together with therapid social change, the Roman Catholic Church has lost its dominance as a value in Irish culture. Now it matters little whether a person is Protestant or Catholic.The differences of the two religion :Catholics:——believe the Pope speaks with the authority of Christ__ believe the One True Faith ( Faith in God )——indirect in speech——more often speak the Irish language___ be involved in native sports such as hurling (爱尔兰曲棍球)——send their children to Catholic schools and universitiesProtestants:___ believe they can direct access to God through prayer and study of Bible___ believe the Triple in One Faith ( faith in Jesus; faith in May; faith in Bible )___ live in oled, big house___ like horse-riding and English sports, such as cricket___ speak plainly and open8)Family-oriented ———Family is the central to Irish life, the Irish are very conscious of their extended family and often maintain close relations with grandparents, cousins, aunts and uncles.Three-generation-family Thirty years ago, Irish families were large. It's very common for a family to have 8 or 9 children, the most might be up to 16 or moreSingle mothers A third of all children are born to single mothers. Before women's liberation movement, children born outside of marriage were regarded as a matter of shame, many were given up for adoption. Now many single mothers choose to keep their children and raise them themselves. Some single mother marry the child's biological father some years after the birth of him which proves her fertility and which comes from the ancient Breton law in Ireland.9)Social communication ———The public house or pub are the main communal facility in both city and countryside. Ireland has been, traditionally, a rural and agricultural culture, the massive people lived intowns, villages or isolated farms, only the ruling class lived in big cities. Even these dwellers were one or two generations in cities.Because of the reason mentioned, Irish people have no much sense of civic responsibility, nor they pay much attention to the state of public property.The public house or pub are patronized, every neighborhood has a pub. Where people meet friends, get together with neighbors, enjoy music and story telling and so on. Pub is particularly important for men, they drink a lot there.10)Less attention to schedules ———It is almost an exception of foreigners.Irish people pay less attention to schedules, they stress completing task well.They often mix up the time of work and social life. They may go to dinner to celebrate an important occasion or go to a pub nearby to enjoy other's company, or go to help his/her fellow worker when asked at work time or in meeting;11)Stress team work ———Irish people stress team work, they can worktogether well because they know a great deal about each other. The team spirit extends beyond work, they enjoy life together in pub.12)Stress trade union ———They stress trade union, they pay to become members. Every trade and peofessions has its own union. The union is legally constituted. It will advice its members to work according to the work protocols, adopt some legal procedures against the employer and protect its members. Trade unions are widely recognized in Ireland.13)T alk culture ———One element of the Irish native culture is the talkculture, which originates from peasant culture. An oral to a written culture only slowly transferred from the late 19th century. The ability to talk isgreatly valued among people, even among the most literate classes. Thequality adds great pleasure to the day-to-day routine, it is also the key toIreland's successive business and diplomatic efforts as well as theimportant basis for Ireland's reputation as a culture of great writers.On the basis of talk culture, Ireland has a bumper harvest of reputablewriters _____________ including those who were in fact English as they lived or wrote in Ireland during the time of British colony . There are four winners of the Nobel Prize for literature: the poet Yeats, seamus Heaney, the playwrights, George Bernard Shaw and Samuel Beckett. There are other famous literary men, such as playwright Oscar idle, novelist James Joyce and so on.The Celtic Tiger:Ireland became a rich country in 1990s which greatly surprised the world. The media called it a tiger because its sudden wealth came with all the swiftness and ferocity like a beast.Post-industrial economy:Based on the hi-technique and international trade services, post-industrial economy means the third industry, that is mainly the service industry____ service employment is up to 65%____ industrial employment is up to 28%____ agricultural employment is only 7%State of womenUp to 1973, Irish women were forbidden to take up jobs after marriage, they belonged to their husbands as if they were a kind of property. This is called “marriage bar”.In 1970s, a vigorous women's liberation movement brought pressure on government. Women met resistance first from their home, they struggled hard under the lead of women's groups and trade unions. The most significance is the urge of EU. Irish women appealed (诉诸)to the more liberal legislation of the EU which made the Irish government have to reform to subject to that of EU. The rights Irish women have now are:1)Equal right to take up state or semi-state jobs if women will after theyget married2)No longer possible to dismiss a woman from her job because she waspregnant3)They are paid maternity leave of 18 weeks ( and later, unpaid 14 weeksparental leave )4)Equal opportunities to be promoted and awarded5)Having sex before marriage is not condemned as before, artificialcontraception is allowed; a woman can travel abroad for abortion（ which is still banned in the country ）Ireland education：First-level Schools:The vast majority of children receive their primary education in state-aidedschools. The schools are run by its own board of management （董事会）, including the representatives of parents, teachers and local clergy, but receives most of its funding from the State.The present curriculum are Mathematics, English , Irish , French, History, Geography, Art, Music, Crafts, Social and Environmental Studies and Physical Education. Students bear a heavy burden.Second-level Schools:For students from 12 years upwards, Most secondary schools are privately owned by religious communities, but largely funded by the State, therefore, are sectarian; a small number of secondary schools state-owned are comprehensive and community （社区文法/综合学校）。
ireland_presentation_爱尔兰介绍
where the Irish Government meets in Dublin.
Other sights of Dublin
The streets in the centre of the city are narrow, with little space for cars.
Gaelic Football
Gaelic Football is
different from normal football because players can use their hands. There are 15 players on each team. The playing field is much larger than a soccer field.
The start of British rule in Ireland.
In 1171 England conquered
Ireland Since the 1840s emigration became a part of Iirsh life up until the late 1990s The 1916 Rising was the start of the War of Independence against England. Civil war in Ireland 1921-1923 Continued social division in Northern Ireland
group leader:彭青青Melody Geography and Climate:陈静禄Better Irish History:黄锋
Sport in Ireland:陈立峰LEE Culture, Customs and Tradition:鲁智立
爱尔兰概况
爱尔兰概况【国名】爱尔兰（IRELAND）。
【面积】70282平方公里。
【人口】450万（2010年4月）。
绝大部分为爱尔兰人。
官方语言为爱尔兰语和英语。
居民94％信奉罗马天主教，其他信奉基督教新教等。
【首都】都柏林（DUBLIN），人口118.7万。
【国家元首】总统，任期7年。
现任总统玛丽•麦卡利斯夫人（Mary Mcaleese），1997年11月就职，2004年10月连任。
【重要节日】国庆日：3月17日（圣帕特里克日）。
【简况】位于欧洲西部的爱尔兰岛中南部。
西濒大西洋，东北与北爱尔兰接壤，东隔爱尔兰海同英国相望。
海岸线长3169公里。
温带海洋性气候。
平均气温2月3.2℃，8月16.2℃。
公元432年，圣帕特里克到此传播基督教及罗马文化。
1169年遭英国入侵。
1541年起英王成为爱尔兰国王。
1916年，都柏林爆发抗英的“复活节起义”。
1921年12月6日，英被迫允许爱南部26郡成立“自由邦”，北部6郡仍属英国。
1937年爱宣布“自由邦”为共和国，仍留在英联邦内。
1948年12月21日脱离英联邦。
1949年4月18日英承认爱独立，但北部6郡仍属英国。
【宪法】现行宪法于1937年6月14日经议会通过，同年12月29日生效，后修改过10次。
宪法规定：爱尔兰国体为共和国，总统由选民直接选举产生，任期7年，有权召集和解散议会，任命内阁总理及部长，并任军队统帅。
1999年12月，根据爱英两国政府及北爱有关各方达成的《北爱和平协议》，爱政府修改宪法，取消了有关要求北爱领土主权的条款。
【议会】由总统和众、参两院组成。
众议员按比例代表制选举产生，任期5年。
本届众议院于2011年3月选出，共有166名议员。
议席分配为：统一党76席，工党37席，共和党20席，新芬党14席，其他党派和独立议员19席。
众议长肖恩·巴雷特（Sean Barrett）。
本届参议院于2007年7月23日选出，共有议员60名，其中11名由总理提名，6名由爱尔兰国立大学和都柏林大学选出，43名由全国五大行业（文教、农业、工商、行政、劳工）选出。
最新爱尔兰国家概况ppt课件
一. 国内经济(Domestic Economy)
❖ （一）自然资源： 铅锌矿储量丰富，是欧洲最大的铅
锌生产国。泥煤（peat）分布占全国面积的１３％。天然气 储量估计为３８２亿立方米。所需能源的７０％依靠进口。
❖ （二）交通运输：内陆交通运输以公路和铁路为主。 绝大多数国际贸易货物运输 由海运承担。主要港口有都柏林、 香农(Shannon) 、科克（Cork）等。主要有都柏林、香农
Ⅴ.文教与大众传媒（Education and Mass Media）
❖ 一.教育（Education）
中小学实行义务教育。著名高等学府有爱尔兰 国立大学（National University of Ireland）、 都柏林大学（Trinity College, Dublin）、利默 里克大学（University of Limerick）和都柏林 市大学（Dublin City University）等。
❖ 四.司法机构（Judiciary） 最高法院（Supreme Court）即终审法院为最高 司法机关，下设高等法院（High Court）、巡回 法院（Circuit Court）和地区法院（District Court）。法官由政府推荐，总统任命。另设特 别刑事法院（Special Criminal Court）。
爱尔兰国家概况
Introduction
❖ 国名：爱尔兰（Ireland） ❖ 独立日：１２月６日（１９２１
年） ❖ 国庆日：３月１７日圣帕特里克
日（St. Patrick‘s Day） ❖ 国旗：呈横长方形，长与宽之比
为２∶１。从左至右由绿、白、 橙三个平行相等的竖长方形组成。 ❖ 国徽：为盾徽。天蓝色的盾面上 绘有金黄色的竖琴。蓝色象征大 海和天空，竖琴为爱尔兰人民喜 爱的“天使之琴”。 ❖ 人口：３９２万（２００２年）。 绝大部分为爱尔兰人。居民９１. ６％信奉罗马天主教，其他居民 信奉基督教新教等。
爱尔兰介绍
A brief introduction of Ireland.
Ireland
Ireland is an island at the western edge of Europe.
Ireland has two separate jurisdictions.
Republic of Ireland Capital: Dublin Population: 4.3million Currency: Euro Northern Ireland Capital: Belfast Population: 1.7million Currency: Pound English and Irish is spoken in both Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
Wildlife
Wild life animals of Ireland are typically woodland animals. Red deer, red fox, mountain hare, badger
Farmed animals
Cows and especially sheep are found everywhere in Ireland. They are very important to the Irish economy.
Christian monasteries.
Ireland began to attract many Christian monks from Europe as a place of learning and a life of religion. Its remote location appealed to many monks to build many monasteries. The ruins of one of the oldest and remotest monasteries is Scellig Mhicael, now a tourist attraction.