Scanning the Issue and Beyond： Real-Time Social Transportation with Online Social Signals
大学英语大一期末复习
1.Having a 24/7 lifestyle can also interrupt regular sleep patterns.拥有24/7的生活方式也可以打断正常的睡眠模式。
2. This morning Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella published a report on his vision for the company’s future.今天早上，微软CEO萨提亚·纳德拉公布了公司未来在他的视觉报告。
Henry has many friends working in the government. His sources of information are usually reliable.亨利有许多朋友在政府工作。
他的情报来源通常是可靠的。
4. We believe that building a powerful navy is in the interest of our national defense.我们相信建设一支强大的海军符合我们国防的利益。
5. One of the first flight training lessons taught to student pilots is how to perform a(n) emergency landing in a small airplane.第一个飞行训练课程教给学生飞行员是如何执行（N）紧急降落在一架小型飞机上。
6. Tom was on the point of leaving the garden when he heard someone cry: “Isn’t it Tom? I can hardly believe my eyes.”汤姆刚要离开花园，突然听到有人喊：“不是汤姆吗？”我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。
”7. When you read the newspaper, you’re probably not reading it word-by-word, instead you’re scanning the text.当你读报纸的时候，你可能不是逐字读的，而是在浏览文本。
罗德与施瓦茨 SA2600 手持式实时频谱分析仪说明书
SA2600Real-Time SpectrumAnalyzerThe SA2600handheld real-time spectrum analyzer is ideal for a wide variety of applications,ranging from small radio repair depots,to spectral interference management in the field.Featuring true real-time DPX™capability in a handheld spectrum analyzer,the SA2600offers practical solutions to discover short transient spectral events that slip past conventional spectrum and batch processing vector signal analyzers.The portability allows easy instrument sharing in the laboratory environment and robust all-day battery operation in the field,all with the largest display in its class.With field-ready,rugged hardware featuring outstanding displayed average noise level (DANL),spurious free dynamic range (SFDR),phase noise and easy LAN networking capability in a portable unit,the SA2600is a great choice for general purpose spectrum measurements.Handheld Real-Time spectrum analyzer with DPX™technologyproviding live RF view of the spectrumI100%POI for transients with a minimum duration of 500microsecondsI Rapid in-field detection and location of elusive and intermittent signals IRugged handheld platform optimized for field useFeatures &BenefitsDatasheet |/SA2600I D i s c o v e rIRevolutionary DPX™ spectrum processing provides intuitive understanding of live RF signals using colors based on frequency of occurrence, displaying 2,500 spectrums per sec with a 100% POI for transients with a minimum duration of 500 microseconds IInput Frequency Range 10kHz-6.2GHz to cover most modern signal sources IUnsurpassed ability to detect very low level signals with -153dBm DANL at 10 Hz RBWI L o c a t eIFind outdoor signals by plotting measurements directly onto GPS-integrated maps IFind in-building signals with a Tap-and-Walk-and-Tap interface using mapsIIntegrated mapping solution allows on-site analysis of difficult problemsI R e a d y f o r t h e F i e l dIBenchtop spectrum analyzer performance in a ruggedized handheld battery-operated field unit IIntuitive Windows CE-based touch screen intuitive interface designed for field conditions I Backlit display, viewable in direct sunlight IExtended battery performance with hot-swappable dual batteries2The SA2600 has a variety of unique features such as visual and audio signal strength indicators and integrated GPS measurements’ mapping with direction-findingvectors for easy location of signal emitters. Having 100%probability of intercept for signals of 500 microseconds or greater, and crystal-clear spectrograms, the SA2600 is an ideal tool for surveying the RF spectrum, mappingreceived signal strength and resolving spectral interference disputes.It is perfect for engineers doing pre-deployment analyses, signal strength mapping or troubleshooting interference, as well as regulatory agencies who need portable measurement capabilities suitable for today’s RF systems.The SA2600 is designed for general purpose field use in a wide range of frequency bands and modulation types. It incorporates a unique touch-screen interface that allows very fast tuning and zooming in and out on signals, improving operator efficiency when working across a wide range of frequency bands. The SA2600 offers both performance handheld spectrum analysis as well as innovative must-have technologies like DPX™ and GPS mapping at an affordable price.Datasheet | SA2600 Real-Time Spectrum AnalyzerTektronix SA2600 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer3DiscoverThe patented DPX™ spectrum display offers an intuitive live color view of signal transients changing over time in the frequency domain, giving you immediate confidence in the stability of your design or instantly displaying a fault when it occurs. The Live RF spectrum processing engine brings real time analysis of transient events to spectrum analyzers. Performing 2,500 spectrum updates persecond, transients as brief as 500 µs can be displayed in the frequency domain. This offers tremendousimprovement over swept analysis techniques. Events are color-coded by rate of occurrence onto a bitmappeddisplay, providing unparalleled insight into the behavior ofintermittent signals.Figure 1. DPX showing three hopping frequencies/SA2600Figure 2. Trace math showing signals not presentin the referenceScanning the RF spectrum allows users to spot which signal emitters are in the area. New signals with significant power are usually candidates for further analysis. However, weak signals can also be of interest, especially when they are close to strong signals. Of particular interest are signals that are present in the spectrum today but were not there yesterday. Signals can be stored as reference and deviations from this reference can be quickly identified using the trace math feature. The SA2600 makes analysis easier by quickly logging signals that are weak, bursty, hopping, timemultiplexed, or intentionally random. It takes advantage of the FFT -based spectrum analysis capability to allow users to see the true shape of the signal, even when it is bursty.Masks can be automatically created from traces captured earlier. You can compare this mask to the current trace and if a mask violation occurs, the trace is logged. Finally,when the spectrogram is paused, you can scroll through the spectrogram’s time-axis and view the results.4Datasheet | SA2600 Real-Time Spectrum AnalyzerLocateOnce a signal of interest is identified, the SA2600 provides various field-proven signal-hunting tools to locate it. For the easier-to-find signals, the signal strength meterproduces audible tones that vary in pitch as a function of the received power. The user can simply point the antenna in the direction that receives maximum power. This allows them to look for signals while watching their surroundings,not the screen.Harder to find signals, such as those influenced by multipath, fading or low signal strength, the SA2600provides several signal-mapping tools to facilitate hunting for these signals. Maps can be imported from a variety of formats using the PC-based iMap Converter application.Signal intensity can be directly recorded, and direction-finding arrows can be directly placed on the map by the user to show the directions where the signal intensity is the greatest. Once you are done, you have a record ofyour work.Figure 4. Color-coded measurementsfor rapid in-field analysisFigure 3. Signal strength for accurate signal finding5Analyzing mapped signals is a quick way to locate signals that can be difficult to find otherwise. Traces can be recorded on a map either manually or automatically. Built-in GPS can be used to record signal position and time data as the instrument moves.The mapping functionality works indoors as well. Using the unique “tap-and-walk-and-tap” interface, users tap on the map to indicate a start location for data acquisition. The end location is similarly recorded. The SA2600 captures the data with the initial tap and follows a straight-line to the end tap. It then displays the measurements, equally spaced between these two measurement points.Figure 5. Locating Interference withintegrated mapping solutionFigure 6. Mapping signals IndoorsReady for the fieldThe SA2600 will quickly scan the RF environment and help you locate the interference sources with its field-proven signal hunting tools. The instrument’s layout is designed in a way that helps reduce the possibility of user mistakes even if the issue is complex. The instrument does not get in your way. The Windows CE-based touch screeninterface is designed specifically to enhance productivity and navigation. While other solutions sometimes require offline GPS and mapping software, the SA2600 includes integrated GPS and mapping tools to allow more efficient interference location capability. The extremely rugged,rubberized magnesium alloy case is designed for harsh field environments and can withstand drops and mistreatment. With the optional second battery, the SA2600 provides more than five hours of use forcontinuous Spectrum Mode. The hot-swappable batteries can dramatically extend the in-field usage time because they can be replaced one at a time./SA26006Datasheet | SA2600 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer26007/SA2600G e n e r a l P u r p o s e R F M e a s u r e m e n t s C h a r a c t e r i s ti c sD P X ™ M e a s u r e m e n t s P r o c es s i n g C h a ra c t e r i s t i c sDatasheet | SA2600 Real-Time Spectrum AnalyzerM a p p i n gB a t t e r y L i f e8E n v i r o n m e n ta l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c sM i s c e l l a n e o u s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c sS a f e t y c o m p l i a n c eD i s p l a y c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s/SA26009Contact Tektronix:Please visit /communications Phone:1-800-833-9200 option 1+1-469-330-4000Locate your nearest Tektronix representative at:/contactusCopyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pend-ing. Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material. Specification and price change privileges reserved. TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc. All other trade names referenced are the service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.06/08 | CWW-22258-0For Further Information:Tektronix maintains a comprehensive, constantly expanding collection of application notes, technical briefs and other resources to help engineers working on the cutting edge of technology.Please visit /communicationsAbout Tektronix:Tektronix has more than 60 years of experience in providing network operators and equipment manufacturers a comprehensive andunparalleled suite of network diagnostics and management solutions for fixed, mobile, IP and converged multi-service networks.These solutions support architectures and applications such as fixed mobile convergence, IMS, broadband wireless access, WiMAX, VoIP and triple play, including IPTV .Learn more about Tektronix' communications test, measurement and network monitoring solutions by visiting:/communicationsDatasheet | SA2600 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer。
Metapace POS 设备系列简词说明书
For everyone who is looking for affordable, yet high-quality POS peripherals and robust printers and scanners need look no further than Metapace. What makes us so special is that nearly all of our devices are based on the out-of-the-box prin-ciple. With it, we offer you an unbelievably simple set-up and immediately useable hardware with a real added value.It couldn’t be easier: unpack the Metapace device, connect it via the available interface and you’re ready to go. There’s noth-ing else you need to get the best out of our products. Whether it’s a powerful barcode scanner, a high-quality POS peripheral device or an efficient printer, the user-friendly out-of-the-box principle is always worth it!Another big benefit of the out-of-the-box principle is that it typ-ically is delivered as a complete package. Thus, you have no additional costs due to a lack of accessories. For example, with mobile printers, everything you need for an efficient start is included, from the belt clip and belt pouch up to the battery, charger, power supply and even the first receipt roll.Ge t in touch with your sale s re pre se ntative right away about the ready-to-go straight from the factory out-of-»Out of the Box«BO X O U TO F T H Etations and adapt the interfaces. The result is a uniform cor-porate image that is as unique as the people who work in it. Talk to your sales representative aboutBarcode ScannersS-3Mobile linear imager for all 1D codes•Triple feedback: optic, acoustic and vibration•Large range of motion: up to 20 m radius•Up to 70,000 scans per battery chargeThe Metapace S-3 radio transmission imager is the ideal partnerfor capturing 1D barcodes in retail. Thanks to the powerful1,200 mAh battery, it captures up to 70,000 scans when fullycharged – or even 270 scans per second via the integratedCCD engine. A particularly practical feature is the clear triplefeedback.Via the integrated radio transmission technology the move-ment radius of the S-3 is up to 20 m. Beyond its range thescanner automatically saves barcodes and transmits them atthe push of a button once the receiving station is again withinrange. The signals from the scanner are directly transmitted tothe USB dongle – simply insert it and begin scanning.MP-28All-purpose 1D/2D barcode scanner for everyone•Versatile area imager for 1D/2D barcodes•IP42, impact-resistant onto concrete from 1.5 m•Multi-interface, incl. USB cableThe Metapace MP-28 is the all-purpose barcode scanner forall work areas in hospitality and retail. It captures 1D and 2Dbarcodes from paper and plastic labels or smartphone displaysjust as reliably and quickly as digital codes from vouchers andcustomer loyalty cards, not to mention promotion codes, QRcodes and Data Matrix.Also the MP-28 is equipped with handheld and presentationmodes and is ready to go straight from the factory − the auto- h ostdetect feature automatically recognises the right host amongthe interfaces USB, RS-232, IBM and keyboard wedge whenconnected. Plus, the MP-28 is IP42-certified and is i mpact-resistant from a height of 1.5 m.S-522D area imager for complex scanning at a top price•2D area imager at an attractive price•B lue LED indicator and acousticsignal upon a successful scanS-62• Captures all common 1D, 2D, postal and stacked codes • Scan confirmation via green LED and beeper • Versatile: handheld and presentation modesWith an attractive price tag, the S-62 is the ideal entry intobusiness with 2D barcodes. It masters medium scanning vol-umes of printed barcodes with ease. Additionally, it captures digital barcodes from monitors, displays and mobile devices. This qualifies it for mobile ticketing applications in aviation and rail transportation, just as much as for the POS in retail for couponing and other mobile marketing activities.The S-62 imager has a particularly high first-read rate, even on poorly printed, faded or damaged barcodes. The two modes for handheld and presentation usage open additional applica-tion areas to you.S-61Low-priced handheld laser scanner• Extraordinarily good value for the money • Powerful laser engine for high throughput • Easy connection via USBThe laser scanner S-61 is a reliable market-entry device which delivers performance, is easy to integrate and use and is a good value for the money. It is particularly well-suited for appli-cations with medium scanning volumes, for example in retail. It reads all common 1D barcodes precisely and quickly.The S-61 features a larger scan field than a CCD scanner. The scanning distance and maximum width of the readable bar-codes depend on the resolution. Users value the ergonomic housing and low weight of the laser scanner, which also doesnot unnecessarily tire one out during continuous usage. The scanner also withstands an accidental fall without any d amage.K-1Robust and proven cash drawerfor u niversal applications•D urable steel housing in stainless steel or with industry finish in black or white•8 coin and 6 banknote compartments, 1 chequec ompartment•Optionally mountable under the table to save spaceThe Metapace K-1 is our proven cash drawer, which combines high functionality and a long life cycle with a very affordable price. Available in modern stainless steel or durable industri-al lacquer in black or white, the cash drawer integrates itself seamlessly into every environment.The three variants of the K-1 feature a wide slot for cheques. Especially in hospitality and food services, as well as in mod-ern shops, the Inox variant quickly becomes a visual highlight!All models are equipped with a soft-opening mechanism. In a size of only 410 × 415 × 114 mm the numerous compartments may be flexibly adjusted in size with the optionally available conversion kits.The cash drawer comes with a lock. Connection to the POS print-er occurs via a port like those used standard by almost all vendors. If no POS printer is used we offer you an optional external open-er interface. It triggers a relay over the serial or USB interface to send an opening pulse and requires no additional peripherals.Cash DrawersK-3Ultra-small cash drawer in a robust designwith three adjustable coin compartments• Space-saving design: only 460 × 170 × 100 mm • Standard interface for cash desk printers • 2-position lock: manual open or remote operationIf lack of space or high throughput is an issue at your point-of- sale, the Metapace K-3 flip-lid cash box is the right choice. It has a very compact footprint of 460 × 170 × 100 mm and the lid opens upwards, ensuring quick and ergonomic work. Its extremely robust lid mechanism successfully passed tests with over two million open/close processes without any material fa-tigue, making this cash box the perfect choice for demanding and overloaded checkouts with long periods of use.The K-3 features six banknote and eight coin compartments, as well as a cheque compartment that can be filled externally with receipts. Connect the K-3 via the standard port directly to the POS printer. It features a 2-position lock for manual open-ing or for automatic operation through the POS printer. The checkout process is controlled by a micro switch.K-4Mini cash drawer for crowded checkouts• T hree size-adjustable coin compartments, three banknote compartments• H igh performance – compact footprint (only 245 × 320 × 105 mm)• E legant steel housing in black with stainless steel cover With its compact size of merely 245 × 320 × 105 mm, the K-4 cash drawer fits into even the most crowded checkout areas. It clos-es quietly and smoothly, thanks to its soft opening m echanism. Inside, you will find three coin compartments and three bank-note compartments for the shop’s intake. The coin compart-ments are separated with dividers, which users adjust according to individual needs. Additional flexibility comes from the size of the banknote compartments, which were conceptualised to accommodate multiple currencies. The three-position lock secures against unauthorised access.For more stable placement, four plastic feet on the bottom of the drawer keep it in place. Thus, the K-4 is suitable for placing a monitor or a receipt printer on its smooth surface, without any worry. The 24 V standard interface for POS printers guar-antees simple integration using the included 2 m cable.K-2Miniature cash drawer for making a good impression at the compact POS• S mall and compact: only 330 × 330 × 101 mm at only 5.3 kg • 8 coin and 4 banknote compartments, 1 cheque c ompartment• 3-position lock for locking or manual emergencyo pening of the cash box With the mini Metapace K-2 cash drawer, you get a drawer with enormously small dimensions. At only 330 × 330 × 101 mm, its small size fits in inconspicuously at every POS station.The model has an especially robust construction and with-stands many years of use without signs of wear and tear. Its eight coin compartments can be adjusted in size, making them easy to adapt to every requirement. The four horizontal note compartments are not only optimised for euro banknotes, but are also versatile and can be used with a large range of cur-rencies. The steel cash drawer is equipped with a 3-position lock, making it absolutely secure from unauthorised access, while even in locked position it can be filled with corresponding receipts through the cheque slot.TS-100Top price-performance ratio in a compact design•M ax. print speed: 200 mm/sec. at 203 dpi •Compact footprint: 140 × 192 × 137 mm (W × L × H)•Integrated paper end sensorT op performance in a space-saving, modern design doesn't a lways have to come at a high cost. The TS-100 from Metapace is proof that both features may very well be combined in a low-cost direct thermal printer. Above all, its compact measurements of 140 × 192 × 137 mm (W × L × H) make it the ideal printer for the POS in small stores and boutiques, as well as in hospitality. Ideally equipped for any challenge, the TS-100 conveniently outputs receipts from the top and the receipt roll itself may also be inserted from the top. Thanks to its easy accessibility, the direct thermal printer adapts to any location.In addition to its compact size, however, the TS-100's per-formance should not be underestimated. It achieves a print speed of up to 200 mm/sec. at a print resolution of up to 8 dots/mm — equivalent to 203 dpi. Therefore, it prints text as well as graphics, images and, of course, various barcode symbologies in very good quality.Out-of-the-box operation is not only incredibly convenient and practical, but also a trademark of Metapace devices. Respec-tively, the TS-100 is already equipped with everything a direct thermal printer needs standard. This includes your choice of RS-232 and USB or alternatively Ethernet interfaces, as well as an integrated power supply, power cord, USB cable and a sample receipt roll.T-25Economical market-entry printer with an extra-large media capacity for retail, gastronomy and hospitality• Compact thermal printer with an auto cutter at a top price • R apid printing of up to 250 mm per second• S upports oversized receipt rolls up to a diameter of 10 cm The Metapace T-25 is an economic market-entry printer which offers much more for its top price than similarly priced no-name products. This direct thermal printer for 58 and 80 mm wide receipts is specially designed for the POS in small shops and boutiques, as well as in hospitality. With its robust housing and high print speed of up to 250 mm per second, it delivers reliable performance at a low initial cost.The T-25 is equipped with a large paper storage for receipt rolls with a diameter of up to 10.2 cm, an integrated auto cut-ter for up to 1 million document separations and a print head with a service life of up to 100km. It comes standard with ESC/POS emulation and OPOS compatibility. A dual interface with a USB port and serial RS-232 ensures good connectivity.T-3Reliable direct thermal receipt printer which captivates with its simple connection• L ightning quick printing of slips and receipts with up to 250 mm/sec.• Entirely out-of-the-box: just unpack and start • 5-year warrantyThe Metapace T -3 is a professional direct thermal POS printer for retail, hospitality and the hotel industry. It is available as a complete package at a bargain price. It thereby combines the best properties of the previous Metapace POS printer family.The T -3 convinces with a high printing capability of up to 250 mm/sec. at 180 dpi resolution for high-quality logos, graphics and texts. It offers a standard 5-year warranty, as well as free accessories. Additionally, it features a powerful processor, 64 MB SDRAM and extremely simple handling. A maximum roll diameter of 83 mm minimises interruptions caused by used up materials. All of its mechanical parts have been optimised and a high-end auto cutter has been integrated to provide a longer printer life cycle.T-40High output with a pleasing exterior• Space-saving, elegant desktop receipt printer• Quality print results in various shades of grey and 203 dpi • Compatible with iOS and AndroidMeasuring a mere 127 x 127 x 134 mm there is always enough space for the Metapace T -40, even where other receipt printers feel the squeeze – for example, on a small shelf, a cramped bar or a minimalistically designed counter. It is thus suited for retail just as much as for hospitality.Receipt output is either on the front or the top, depending on which option better fits the work area. Even the receipt roll may be inserted from the top or the front, depending on the need. Despite its compact size the Metapace T -40 achieves a print speed of 250 mm/sec., at a 203 dpi resolution and in grey-scale. The results are texts, graphics, logos, barcodes as well as vouchers and coupons and more in convincing quality. The print width is either 57.5, 80 or 82.5 mm. A fully automatic cutter is also integrated.M-20iMobile receipt printer with a convenient design•M obile printer for retail, logistics, hospitality, transport, etc.•P rints crisp sales slips and receipts at 8 dots/mm (203 dpi)•C omprehensive accessories: from shoulder strap to vehicle mountThe mobile receipt printer Metapace M-20i offers you a pow-erful model which prints labels and receipts as needed, with very little weight and a rapid print speed of up to 100 mm persecond. The M-20i proves itself in retail, as well as in hospital-ity, transportation and logistics.Another advantage is its long battery life and easy integration into existing infrastructures. The M-20i connects via Bluetoothor USB or directly to the network. Thanks to iOS support, it also works together with iPhones, iPads and iPods.As a mobile printer, the M-20i naturally has special fall protec-tion, even when using accessories that are attached directly to the printer. The optional protective cover increases the protec-tion class to IP54, for example, for outdoor logistics work orconstruction projects.M-30iCompact mobile printer for 3"receipts and labels• T op-speed receipt and label printing: 100 mm/sec.• E verything for an immediate start-up is included in the box• Operates a full 24 hours on a single battery chargeThe Metapace M-30i direct thermal mobile printer is the ideal choice for creating receipts and labels in a wide range of ap-plications. With a print speed up to 100 mm/sec. it especially supports users in mobile sales, retail, customer centres and ticketing.The printer is compatible with Windows, Android and even Apple iOS mobile devices. With a belt clip, battery, charger, power cable and the first roll of printing paper, everything isi ncluded in the box to get started immediately after unpack-ing. In addition to performance and light weight, Metapace has paid particular attention to the ease of use of the M-30i. Therefore, the cover may be opened with a single movement, if paper rolls need refilling. Switching between document and label printing modes is also done quickly. Should it ever slip away from its user, this is not a problem, since the printer has full 1.8 m fall protection.Mobile Printersof 300L-42DDirect thermal label printer for highthroughput in a complete package•M ax speed: 178 mm/sec. at 203 dpi (8 dots/mm)•Triple interface; ZPL, ZPL II, EPL, EPL II•Including label design softwareLABEL SOFTWAREINCLUDEDL-42TThermal transfer printer with a large ribbonsupply for professional label applications• Fast printing: up to 178 mm per second• Standard serial, parallel and USB interfaces•C omplete package: power supply, label roll,t ransfer tape, software, and cleaning pen includedWith the L-42T, all users in logistics, production and retail bene-fit equally. The thermal transfer printing makes the labels durableand suitable for applications in areas where the labels are exposedto high stress. The fast processor and 64 MB RAM ensure fastprinting, even with elaborately designed or particularly long labels.Despite its compact desktop housing, the L-42T may be equippedwith a ribbon up to 300 m long and label rolls with a maximumdiameter of 130 mm. This minimises the frequency of materialchanges and maximises uptime. The printer also processesmedia with a width between 25 and 116 mm. It recognisesdifferent label sizes and shapes using the black mark and see-through sensor, as well as automatic media recognition.L-42DTDirect thermal/thermal transfer labelprinter with outstanding connectivity•Compact housing, large flash and RAM memory•Extremely fast printing, with up to 178 mm/sec.•Complete package with accessories, just unpack and startThe Metapace L-42DT is a flexible label printer with outstandingfeatures. It produces direct thermal and thermal transfer labelswith a width of 20 to 110 mm at lightning speed and, dependingon the requirements, with a resolution of 203 or optionally pin-point sharp 300 dpi (8 or 12 dots/mm).Simply unpack and get started, because everything you needfor immediate operation is included standard – as well as prac-tical label design software. The L-42DT is also available with anoptionally integrated peeler or cutter.The L-42DT is compatible with most common printer languagesand operating systems. Even the standard model features amultiinterface for easy connection.L-22DCompact direct thermal label printerfor all common printer languages•Versatile with different media•Print speed: 152 mm/sec.LABEL SOFTWAREINCLUDEDLABEL SOFTWAREINCLUDEDLABEL SOFTWAREINCLUDEDS-61S-62MP-28。
那一刻我长大了去服装店打工作文
那一刻我长大了去服装店打工作文英文回答：As I stepped into the realm of the bustling clothing store, a sense of trepidation washed over me. Having never worked a day in my life, the prospect of facing customers and managing a myriad of responsibilities seemed like an insurmountable challenge. However, as the days turned into weeks and the weeks into months, I underwent a profound transformation that left me unrecognizable from the timid teenager who had initially crossed the store's threshold.The initial days were a baptism by fire. I struggled to keep up with the constant flow of customers, fumbling with price tags and struggling to locate items. The unfamiliar environment and demanding pace left me feeling overwhelmed and inadequate. Yet, amidst the chaos, I discovered a reservoir of resilience that I never knew I possessed.With each passing day, my confidence grew incrementally.I learned the intricacies of the store's layout, becoming adept at locating even the most obscure items. The once-intimidating customers transformed into valued guests, and I found myself enjoying the interactions that had oncefilled me with dread.As my proficiency increased, so too did my responsibilities. I was entrusted with managing cash registers, processing transactions, and assisting with stock management. The weight of these tasks initially burdened me, but I refused to succumb to the pressure. Instead, I embraced each challenge as an opportunity for growth.One particularly memorable experience occurred during a busy Saturday afternoon. A customer approached my register with a mountain of clothing, her face etched with frustration. As I began scanning the items, I noticed a discrepancy in the prices. The customer, who had already reached her breaking point, became visibly agitated.Instead of panicking, I calmly explained the situationand offered to have the prices verified. I apologized forthe inconvenience and promised to resolve the issue as quickly as possible. To my relief, the customer appreciated my honesty and patience. By the time the issue was resolved, she had completely forgotten her initial frustration andleft the store with a smile on her face.This incident taught me the invaluable lesson of always putting the customer first. By going above and beyond to address her concerns, I not only salvaged the sale but also earned the customer's trust and loyalty.My time at the clothing store was a formativeexperience that shaped me in countless ways. It taught methe importance of perseverance, resilience, and adaptability. It also instilled in me a deep respect forthe value of customer service. As I bid farewell to my workplace, I carried with me a sense of pride and accomplishment. I had not merely held a job; I had growninto a young adult, equipped with the skills and confidence to navigate the challenges and opportunities that lay ahead.中文回答：当我踏进喧嚣的服装店时，一种敬畏感袭上了我的心头。
2011年12月6六级真题+答案+解析
大学英语六级真题2011年12月Part Ⅰ WritingDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous remark ," Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe." You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.1、The Way to Success______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have 1,5 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D) . For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the inebriation given in the passage.Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy?In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to make digital copies of books. So far,Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe—including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear: the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process.Why is Google undertaking such a venture'? Why is it even interested in all those out-of-print library books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? The company claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to "organise the world's information", so it would be odd if that information did not include books.The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. "This really isn't about making money. We are doing this for the good of society." As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: "By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today,we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge."Dan Clancy,the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that this is primarily a philanthropic(慈善的)exercise. "Google's core business is search and find,so obviously what helps improve Google's search engine is good for Google," he says, "But we have never built a spreadsheet (电子数据表)outlining the financial benefits of this,and I have never had to justify the amount l am spending to the company's founders."It is easy,talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Google's book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google.First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New York Review of Books, Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard University's library, argued that becausesuch books are a common resource—the possession of us all—only public, not-for-profit bodies should be given the power to control them.The second related criticism is that Google's scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in (陷入)a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Charles Dickens' Bleak House look straightforward.At its centre,however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention,is that they are protected by copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country,but in general protection extends for the duration of an author's life and for a substantial period afterwards,thus allowing the author's heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This means,of course, that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyright—and last century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in US libraries,for example,an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these,some 27 million are out of print.Outside the us, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the "public domain" (works such as the Bodleian's first edition of Middlemarch, which anyone can read for free on Google Books Search).But,within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. In its defence, Google points out that it displays only small segments of books that are in copyright—arguing that such displays are "fair use". But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holders,Google has committed piracy."The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied only once authors have expressly given their permission," says Piers Blofeld,of the Sheil Land literary agency in London. "Google has reversed this-it has simply copied all these works without bothering to ask," In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers,launched a class action suit (集团诉讼)against Google that,after more than two years of negotiation,ended with an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-court settlement. The full details are complicated the text alone runs to 385 pages—and trying to summarise it is no easy task. "Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible," says Blofeld,one of the settlement's most vocal British critics.Broadly,the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate authors and publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates from their works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future.This settlement hands Google the power—but only with the agreement of individual rights holders—to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a consumer licence. It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlement's most controversial aspect.Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its database, the settlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company's role from provider of information to seller. "Google's business model has always been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generates," points out James Grimmelmann, associate professor at New York Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement's provisions,Google could become a significant force in bookselling.Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on "orphan" works, where there is no known copyright holder—these make up an estimated 5-10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in a work, commercial control automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% of orphan works for free,include them in its subscription deals to libraries and sell them to individual buyers under the consumer licence.It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted (执行)—it is the subject of a fairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will in effect be off the hook as far as copyright violations in the US are concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by this—and the company is likely to face challenges in other courts around the world.No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained by scanning the world's library books, and the truth, as Gleick, an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild, points out, is that the company probably doesn't even know itself. But what is certain is that, in some way or other,Google's entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world in years to come.1、Google claims its plan for the world's biggest online library is______.A) to save out-of-print books in libraries B) to encourage reading around the worldC) to promote its core business of searching D) to serve the interest of the general public2、According to Santiago de la Mora, Google's book-scanning project will______.A) make full use of the power of its search engine B) help the broad masses of readersC) revolutionise the entire book industry D) broaden humanity's intellectual horizons3、Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the world's books should be controlled by______.A) non-profit organisations B) the world's tech giantsC) multinational companies D) the world's leading libraries4、Google has involved itself in a legal battle as it ignored______.A) the copyright of the books it scannedB) the interest of traditional booksellersC) the differences of in-print and out-of-print booksD) the copyright of authors of out-of-print books5、Google defends its scanning in-copyright books by saying that______.A) making electronic copies of books is not a violation of copyrightB) it displays only a small part of their contentC) it is willing to compensate the copyright holdersD) the online display of in-copyright books is not for commercial use6、What do we learn about the class action suit against Google?A) It ended in a victory for the Authors Guild of America.B) It could lead to more out-of-court settlements of such disputes.C) It failed to protect the interests of American publishers.D) It was settled after more than two years of negotiation.7、What remained controversial after the class action suit ended?A) The change in Google's business model, B) The compensation for copyright holders.C) The commercial provisions of the settlement. D) Google's further exploitation of its database.8、While______,Google makes money by selling advertising.9、Books whose copyright holders are not known are called______.10、Google's entrance into digital bookselling will tremendously______in the future.Part Ⅲ Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11、A) Listen to the recorded notes while driving. B) Cancel the trip to prepare for the test.C) Prepare for the test after the wedding. D) Review his notes once he arrives in Chicago.12、A) The woman will help the man remember the lines. B) The woman will prompt the man during the show.C) The man lacks confidence in playing the part. D) The man hopes to change his role in the play.13、A) Arranging a bed for a patient. B) Rescuing the woman's uncle.C)A complicated surgical case. D) Preparations for an operation.14、A) He is too busy to accept more responsibility. B) He is interested in improving his editing skills.C)He is eager to be nominated the new editor. D) He is sure to do a better job than Simon.15、A) He has been successfully elected Prime Minister. B) He has already reached the retirement age.C) He has left his position in the government. D) He made a stupid decision at the cabinet meeting.16、A) This year's shuttle mission is a big step in space exploration.B) The shuttle flight will be broadcast live worldwide.C) The man is excited at the news of the shuttle flight.D) The man is well informed about the space shuttle missions.17、A) At an auto rescue center. B) At a car renting company.C) At a mountain camp. D) At a suburban garage.18、A) He listened to some serious music. B) He bought a stereo system.C) He got his speakers fixed. D) He went shopping with the woman.19、A) Providing aid to the disabled. B) Selling products made for left-handers.C) Promoting products for manufacturers. D) Printing labels for manufactured goods.20、A) About half of them are unavailable on the market. B) The kitchenware in his shop is of unique design.C) All of them are manufactured in his own plant. D) Most of them are especially made for his shop.21、A) They specialise in one product only. B) They have outlets throughout Britain.C) They run chain stores in central London. D) They sell by mail order only.22、A) It publishes magazines. B) It is engaged in product design.C) It sponsors trade fairs. D) It runs sales promotion campaigns.23、A) The woman's company failed to make payments in time.B) The ad specifications had not been given in detail.C) The woman's company made last-minute changes.D) Organising the promotion was really time-consuming.24、A) Run another four-week campaign. B) Give her a 10 percent discount.C) Extend the campaign to next year. D) Cut the fee by half for this year.25、A) Calm down and make peace. B) Improve their promotion plans.C) Stop negotiating for the time being. D) Reflect on their respective mistakes. Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One26、A) They are looked after by animal-care organizations. B) They sacrifice their lives for the benefit of humans.C) They look spotlessly clean throughout their lives. D) They are labeled pet animals by the researchers.27、A) They may breed out of control. B) They may cause damage to the environment.C) They may behave abnormally. D) They may affect the results of experiments.28、A) When they are no longer useful. B) When they become ill.C) When they become escapees. D) When they get too old.29、A) While calling for animal rights, they allowed their kids to keep pet animals.B) While holding a burial ceremony for a pet mouse,they were killing pest mice.C) While launching animal protection campaigns, they were trapping kitchen mice.D) While advocating freedom for animals,they kept their pet mouse in a cage.30、A) They contribute most to it. B) They often find fault with it.C) They take it for granted. D) They are crazy about it.31、A)Tidal restlessness. B) Historical continuity.C) Heat and light. D) Economic prosperity.32、A) They are adventurers from all over the world. B) They lack knowledge of the culture of the city.C) They find the city alien to them. D) They have difficulty surviving.33、A) A murder mystery. B) A football game. C) A political debate. D) A documentary.34、A) It helps broaden one's horizons. B) It enhances family relationships.C) It is a sheer waste of time. D) It is unhealthy for the viewers.35、A) He watches T.V. programs only selectively. B) He doesn't like watching sports programs.C) He can't resist the temptation of T. V. either. D) He is not a man who can keep his promise.Section CDirections: in this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully ]'or its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered 44 to 46 you are required to .fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.In the past,one of the biggest disadvantages of machines has been their inability to work on a micro-scale. For example,doctors did not have devices allowing them to go inside the human body to (36) health problems or to perform (37) surgery. Repair crews did not have a way of (38) broken pipes located deep within a high-rise (39) building. However, that's about to change. Advances in computers and biophysics have started a microminiature (超微) (40) that allows scientists to envision—and in some cases actually build— microscopic machines. These devices promise to (41) change the way we live and work.Micromachines already are making an impact. At Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland,Ohio, research scientists have designed a 4-inch silicon chip that holds 700 tiny (42) motors. At Lucas NovaSensor in Fremont,California,scientists have perfected the world's first microscopic blood-pressure sensor. Threaded through a person's blood (43) , the sensor can provide blood pressure readings at the valve of the heart itself. (44) .Auto manufacturers, for example, are trying to use tiny devices (45) . Some futurists envision nanotechnology (纳米技术) also being used to explore the deep sea in small submarines, or even to launch finger-sized rockets packed with microminiature instruments.There is an explosion of new ideas and applications. So, (46) .Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete statements ill the fewestpossible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Leadership is the most significant word in today's competitive business environment because it directs the manager of a business to focus inward on their personal capabilities and style. Experts on leadership will quickly point out that "how things get done" influences the success of the outcomes and indicates a right way and a wrong way to do things. When a noted leader on the art of management, Peter Drucker,coined the phrase "Management is doing things right, leadership is doing the right things,"he was seeking to clarify the distinctions he associates with the terms.When Stephen Covey, founder and director of the Leadership Institute, explored leadership styles in the past decade, he focused on the habits of a great number of highly effective individuals. His Seven Habits of Highly Effective People became a popular bestseller very quickly. His ideas forced a reexamination of the early leadership paradigm (范例) ,which he observed centered on traits found in the character ethic and the personality ethic. The former ethic suggested success was founded on integrity, modesty, loyalty, courage, patience, and so forth. The personality ethic suggested it was one's attitude, not behavior, that inspired success, and this ethic was founded on a belief of positive mental attitude. In contrast to each of these ideas, Covey advocates that leaders need to understand universal principles of effectiveness, and he highlights how vital it is for leaders to first personally manage themselves if they are to enjoy any hope of outstanding success in their work environments. To achieve a desired vision for your business, it is vital that you have a personal vision of where you are headed and what you value. Business leadership means that managers need to "put first things first," which implies that before leading others, you need to be clear on your own values, abilities, and strengths and be seen as trustworthy.47、To be good leaders, managers must pay close attention to their own______.48、According to Peter Drucker,leaders should be good at______.49、The personality ethic suggests that people arc likely to succeed if they have______.50、According to Stephen Covey,leaders who hope to achieve outstanding success need first of all to______.51、Good leadership requires one to know one's own strengths and be able to win people's______. Section BDirections : There are 2 passages in this section. "Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneWhat's the one word of advice a well-meaning professional would give to a recent college graduate? China? India? Brazil ? How about trade?When the Commerce Department reported last week that the trade deficit in June approached $50 billion, it set off a new round of economic doom saying. Imports,which soared to $200.3 billion in the month,are subtracted in the calculation of gross domestic product. The larger the trade deficit, the smaller the GDP. Should such imbalances continue, pessimists say, they could contribute to slower growth.But there's another way of looking at the trade data. Over the past two years, the figures on imports and exports seem not to signal a double-dip recession—a renewed decline in the broad levelof economic activity in the United States—but an economic expansion.The rising volume of trade—more goods and services shuttling in and out of the United States—is good news for many sectors. Companies engaged in shipping, trucking, rail freight, delivery, and logistics (物流)have all been reporting better than expected results. The rising numbers signify growing vitality in foreign markets—when we import more stuff, it puts more cash in the hands of people around the world, and U.S. exports are rising because more foreigners have the ability to buy the things we produce and market. The rising tide of trade is also good news for people who work in trade-sensitive businesses, especially those that produce commodities for which global demand sets the price—agricultural goods, mining, metals, oil.And while exports always seem to lag, U.S. companies are becoming more involved in the global economy with each passing month. General Motors sells as many cars in China as in America each month. While that may not do much for imports,it does help GM's balance sheet—and hence makes the jobs of U. S.-based executives more stable.One great challenge for the U.S. economy is slack domestic consumer demand. Americans are paying down debt, saving more,and spending more carefully. That's to be expected,given whatwe've been through. But there's a bigger challenge. Can U. S.-based businesses, large and small, figure out how to get a piece of growing global demand? Unless you want to pick up and move to India. or Brazil, or China, the best way to do that is through trade. It may seem obvious, but it's no longer enough simply to do business with our friends and neighbors here at home.Companies and individuals who don't have a strategy to export more,or to get more involved in foreign markets, or to play a role in global trade,are shutting themselves out of the lion's share of economic opportunity in our world.52、How do pessimists interpret the U.S. trade deficit in June?A) It could lead to slower growth of the national economy.B) It reflects Americans' preference for imported goods.C) It signifies a change in American economic structure.D) It is the result of America's growing focus on domestic market.53、What does the author say about the trade data of the past two years?A) It indicates that economic activities in the U.S. have increased.B) It reflects the fluctuations in the international market.C) It shows that U.S. economy is slipping further into recession.D) It signals decreasing domestic demand for goods and services.54、Who particularly benefit from the rising volume of trade?A) People who have expertise in international trade. B) Producers of agricultural goods and raw materials.C) Consumers who favor imported goods and services. D) Retailers dealing in foreign goods and services.55、What is one of the challenges facing the American economy?A) Decreasing productivity. B) People's reluctance to spend.C) Competition from overseas. D) Slack trade activities.56、What is the author's advice to U.S. companies and individuals?A) To import more cheap goods from developing countries.B) To be alert to fluctuations in foreign markets.C) To increase their market share overseas.D) To move their companies to where labor is cheaper.Passage TwoA recurring criticism of the UK's university sector is its perceived weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.Recently,the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured. We should take this concern seriously as universities are key in the national innovation system.However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialisation activity.When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade have helped transform the performance of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK's position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But National data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.This type of uneven distribution is not peculiar to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities receive 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and licence income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialisation work creates differences between universities.The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximise the impact of their research efforts. These universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialisation spilling out of our universities. There are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialisation work.If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools,universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.57、What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialisation ?A) They have lost their leading position in many ways. B) They fail to convert knowledge into money.C) They do not regard it as their responsibility. D) They still have a place among the world leaders.58、What does the author say about the national data on UK universities' performance in commercialisation?A) It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way.B) It does not reflect the differences among universities.C) It indicates their ineffective use of government resources.D) It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy.。
精读4 Unit_10_The_World_House_
The World House
Author
Unit 10
Bacnd
Author
Martin Luther King, Jr. 1929-1968 An American pastor, activist, humanitarian and leader of the African-American Civil Rights Movement. Best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using non-violence disobedience based on his Christian belief.
Martin Luther King immediately organized the bus boycott(罢车), he called on the whole city to resist transit method for one year, forcing local transportation court to cancel the law on the seat. Since this he became the leader of the civil rights movement.
Warming up
Objectives
• Content
• understand King’s message in his vision of a “World House” • reflect on the changes that King foresaw half a century ago • evaluate the possibility of King’s idea of a peaceful world family • think critically King’s view of a spiritual awakening as a solution to human problem
湖北省监利县第一中学高中英语 Unit 5 Enjoying novels课文阅读导学案(无答案)新人教版选修10
湖北省监利县第一中学高中英语 Unit 5 Enjoying novels课文阅读导学案（无答案）新人教版选修10【Learning goals】■ To help students learn to express emotions and do it in time sequence ■ To help students grasp the key phrases and sentences■ To help students learn to read an exposition about literature【使用说明与学法指导】自学：20分钟课前自学，严格按照要求充分预习课文。
要求：10分钟迅速默读文章一遍, 把握文章主旨大意，并分析篇章结构完成【课前预习案】。
10分钟再读课文，深入透彻理解课文，并对重难点进行勾画与标注，完成【课内探究案】。
【背景链接激活思维】About Mary Ann EvansMary Ann Evans (George Eliot) was born in Chilvers Co ton, Warwickshire.Her father was a carpenter who ros e to be a land agent. When she was a few months old, the family moved to Griff, a ‘cheerful red-brick, ivory-covered house’, and there Eliot spent 21 years of his life among people that he later depicted in her novels.She was educated at home and in several schools, and developed a strong evangelical piety at Mrs. Wallington’s School at Neneaton. However, later Eliot rejected her dogmatic faith. When her mother died in 1836, she took charge of the family household. In 1841 she moved with her father to Coventry, whereshe lived with him until his death in 1849.During this time she met Charles Bray, a free-thinking Coventry manufacturer. His wife, Caroline (Cara) was the sister of Charles Hennel, the author of a work entitled An Inquiry Concerning the Origin of Christianity (1838). The reading of this and other rationalistic works influenced deeply Eliot’s thoughts. After her father's death, Eliot travelled around Europe. She settled in London and took up work as subeditor of Westminster Review.【自主学习静心研究】Task I：SkimmingTick this chart to show the issue each writer was most concerned 【方法导引】 Task1: 细读原文，根据原文选择正确答案，培养快速寻找有效信息的能力。
当你在骑自行车的时候怎样保护自己英语作文
当你在骑自行车的时候怎样保护自己英语作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1How to Protect Yourself When Riding a BicycleBicycling is an amazing way to get around. It's environmentally friendly, great exercise, and a whole lot of fun. However, it's important to stay safe while cycling, especially when sharing the roads with cars and other vehicles. As a student who bikes to school and around town, I've learned some valuable lessons about protecting myself on two wheels.The most crucial piece of safety gear is a properly fitted helmet. I can't stress this enough - always wear a helmet when biking! Head injuries are some of the most serious that can occur from a cycling accident. A helmet absorbs the impact forces and prevents traumatic brain injuries. It could literally save your life. Make sure to get a helmet that meets current safety standards and fits snugly but comfortably on your head.Next up are visibility aids to help drivers and pedestrians see you, especially at night. I have bright front and rear lights on my bike along with reflectors on the pedals, wheels, and frame.Wearing reflective or bright colored clothing is also a smart move. Being visible from all angles makes you less likely to be overlooked by distracted motorists.Another way to improve your visibility and protect yourself is to follow the rules of the road. Ride on the correct side of the street, obey traffic signals and signs, use hand signals for turns, and avoid any erratic movements. Predictability is key for motorists to see you and understand your intended path. I try to make eye contact with drivers at intersections to ensure they've seen me before proceeding.You'll also want to watch out for road hazards like potholes, loose gravel, wet leaves, drainage grates, and any other obstacles that could cause you to lose control or get your wheels stuck. Scanning ahead for hazards gives you time to safely maneuver around them. Be extra vigilant after it rains as roads can have slippery areas.Now let's talk about bike maintenance and fit. Having your bicycle properly tuned and the right size for your body goes a long way in preventing accidents and injuries. Get your bike professionally fitted so the seat, handlebars, and other components are adjusted for optimal control, comfort, andpower transfer. Keeping your brakes, tires, and drivetrain in good working condition is also critical for safe operation.Be sure to accessorize with gear that enhances safety like rearview mirrors, louder bells/horns to alert pedestrians, front and rear racks for carrying cargo securely, and protective glasses to protect your eyes from bugs or debris. Little extras like these boost your awareness and give you more control in different situations.One of the most important tips is to stay focused and alert at all times while riding. Don't wear headphones that could prevent you from hearing approaching traffic or other audio cues. Avoid fiddling with your phone, eating/drinking, or any other distracting activities. You need all your senses and reflexes ready. Be especially cautious at intersections and be prepared to brake suddenly if a car pulls out unexpectedly.Lastly, know your limits and don't attempt crazy stunts or maneuvers beyond your skill level. Don't ride after drinking alcohol or taking medications that could impair your abilities. At night, avoid unlit roads or trails where you can't see obstacles clearly. If it's raining heavily or there are high winds, it may be better to reschedule your ride or use an alternate mode of transportation.By being proactive about safety gear, maintenance, road rules, and situational awareness, you can significantly reduce the risks of cycling. Does it require more effort? Yes. But the health benefits, joy, and cost savings of biking make it worthwhile for me. Plus, knowing that I'm doing what I can to protect myself gives me peace of mind to truly enjoy the ride.篇2Cycling: Stay Safe on Two WheelsBicycles have been a popular mode of transportation for over a century, offering an eco-friendly, healthy, andcost-effective way to get around. As a student, cycling to school or running errands on my bike is not only practical but also enjoyable. However, with the increasing number of vehicles on the road, cycling can pose potential risks if proper safety measures are not taken. In this essay, I will share some essential tips to help you stay safe while riding your trusty two-wheeler.Wear a Helmet: This cannot be emphasized enough. A properly fitted helmet can significantly reduce the risk of head injuries in the event of a fall or collision. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), wearing a helmet can reduce the risk of head injury by up to 85%.Look for a helmet that meets safety standards, fits snugly, and has adequate ventilation.Be Visible: Visibility is crucial when sharing the road with larger vehicles. Wear bright or reflective clothing, especially during low-light conditions or at night. Consider adding reflective tape or lights to your bike and helmet to increase your visibility to motorists. This simple step can help drivers spot you from a distance and take necessary precautions.Follow Traffic Rules: As a cyclist, you are considered a vehicle operator and must obey the same traffic rules as other vehicles on the road. Stop at red lights and stop signs, signal when turning or changing lanes, and ride in the same direction as traffic. By following the rules of the road, you not only keep yourself safe but also establish a positive rapport with motorists.Be Predictable: Ride in a predictable manner and avoid sudden movements that could surprise or confuse drivers. Use hand signals to indicate your intentions to turn or stop, and maintain a straight line when riding. This predictability allows motorists to anticipate your actions and react accordingly.Stay Alert: Distracted cycling can be just as dangerous as distracted driving. Avoid using headphones or earbuds while riding, as they can limit your ability to hear approaching vehiclesor pedestrians. Keep your eyes and ears open for potential hazards, such as potholes, debris, or opening car doors.Check Your Bike: Before each ride, perform a quick safety check on your bicycle. Ensure that the brakes are functioning properly, the tires are inflated to the correct pressure, and the chain is lubricated. A well-maintained bike not only rides smoother but also reduces the risk of mechanical failures that could lead to accidents.Ride Defensively: Always assume that motorists may not see you or yield the right-of-way. Ride defensively by anticipating potential hazards and being prepared to take evasive action if necessary. Leave enough space between yourself and parked cars to avoid being struck by an opening door, and be cautious when passing vehicles or intersections.Use Hand Signals: Clear communication is key when sharing the road. Use hand signals to indicate your intentions to turn, stop, or change lanes. This will alert motorists and pedestrians to your movements, reducing the risk of confusion or collisions.Avoid Riding at Night: If possible, try to plan your cycling routes during daylight hours. Riding at night increases the risk of accidents due to reduced visibility and the possibility of impaired or distracted drivers on the road. If you must ride at night, ensurethat your bike is equipped with proper lighting and reflective gear.Wear a Helmet (Again): Yes, I cannot stress this enough. Wearing a helmet is one of the most effective ways to protect yourself from serious head injuries in the event of a fall or collision. Even if you're an experienced cyclist or only riding a short distance, a helmet can mean the difference between a minor incident and a life-altering injury.Cycling is not only a fun and eco-friendly way to get around, but it also provides excellent exercise and stress relief. However, it's crucial to prioritize safety to ensure that your cycling adventures remain enjoyable and incident-free. By following these tips and staying vigilant on the road, you can significantly reduce the risk of accidents and enjoy the freedom and exhilaration of riding your bike.Remember, safety is a shared responsibility. As cyclists, we must do our part to follow traffic rules, be visible, and ride defensively. At the same time, motorists should be aware of cyclists on the road and take necessary precautions to share the road safely. Together, we can create a more bicycle-friendly environment and promote a culture of mutual respect and understanding between all road users.So, the next time you hop on your bike, take a moment to ensure you're properly equipped and mentally prepared for a safe ride. Your safety is paramount, and by following these guidelines, you can enjoy the many benefits of cycling while minimizing the risks. Happy and safe cycling!篇3How to Stay Safe While CyclingCycling is an amazing way to get around. It's environmentally friendly, great exercise, and can be a lot of fun. However, as a cyclist, you are quite exposed compared to being in a car or other vehicle. This means you need to take extra precautions to stay safe on the road. Whether you cycle recreationally or as a main mode of transportation, following some key safety tips can help prevent accidents and injuries.Wear a HelmetThis one is absolutely crucial. A helmet can literally save your life if you get into an accident or fall off your bike. Make sure you get a helmet that meets safety standards and fits properly. It should sit level on your head and not slide from side to side. The straps should form a "V" shape under your ears when buckled.Replace your helmet if it's been involved in a crash, as the foam part is designed to take the impact only once.Be VisibleAs a cyclist, you want to be as visible as possible to drivers, pedestrians, and other road users. During the day, wear bright, reflective clothing like a safety vest or jacket. At night, use front and rear lights, as well as reflectors and reflective tape on your bike, helmet, clothes, and backpack. Flashing lights help drivers see you better.Stay Alert and PredictableAlways stay focused when cycling and avoid distractions like using your phone or listening to headphones. Scan ahead for potential hazards like potholes, debris, or turning vehicles. Make eye contact with drivers at intersections and use hand signals to indicate turns or lane changes. Ride in a straight line and avoid swerving between parked cars. The more predictable you are, the safer you'll be.Follow Traffic LawsAs a vehicle on the road, you need to obey all the same traffic laws that motorists do. Stop at red lights and stop signs. Use turn signals. Ride in the same direction as traffic. Follow lanemarkings. By being a responsible road user, you'll help keep yourself and others safe.Choose Safe RoutesIf possible, plan your cycling route ahead of time to stick to roads and paths designed for bikes. Look for designated bike lanes, bike paths away from traffic, and routes with less vehicle traffic overall. Avoid highways and other high-speed roads where cyclists aren't permitted.Check Your BikeBefore every ride, do an "ABC Quick Check" on your bike:A - Air: Check that tires are properly inflatedB - Brakes: Test that brakes work wellC - Cranks and Chain: Crank arms tight, chain lubedQuick: Quick releases on wheels closed, nothing looseAlso check that your lights, reflectors, and bell are working properly. A bike in good repair will be safer to operate.Wear Protective GearIn addition to a helmet, consider other protective gear like gloves, knee and elbow pads, and closed-toe shoes with grippysoles. For longer rides, pack a repair kit with tire levers, patches, and a portable pump. Don't forget sunscreen and water as well.Be Defensive and PredictableAlways assume that drivers and pedestrians don't see you, even if you think they do. Don't ride in drivers' blind spots. Watch for opening car doors. Be prepared to react if a vehicle or person pulls out in front of you unexpectedly. At the same time, don't make unpredictable movements that could catch others off guard.In addition to following these safety guidelines, you can take a bicycle safety course to learn proper road cycling skills and etiquette. Many cities and cycling groups offer affordable or free classes. The more prepared you are, the more confident and safe you'll feel on two wheels.While cycling does involve some inherent risk, you can minimize the dangers tremendously by being safety-conscious. Build good habits like always wearing a helmet, obeying traffic laws, staying visible, and practicing defensive riding. Remember, as a cyclist, your own actions and precautions are your biggest protection. Stay alert, think ahead, and ride defensively for a fun, healthy, and safe cycling experience.篇4Cycling is not just a fun activity, but it's also an eco-friendly mode of transportation and a great way to stay fit. However, as a cyclist, it's crucial to prioritize safety and take the necessary precautions to protect yourself while on the road. In this essay, I'll share some valuable tips and strategies to help you stay safe and enjoy your cycling adventures without any unwanted incidents.Wear a HelmetThe first and most important rule of cycling safety is to always wear a helmet. A helmet can protect your head from serious injuries in case of a fall or collision. Choose a helmet that fits snugly and is certified by safety standards organizations. Replace your helmet if it has been involved in a crash or shows signs of wear and tear.Be VisibleVisibility is key when it comes to cycling safety. Wear bright or reflective clothing, especially during low-light conditions or at night. Consider equipping your bike with front and rear lights, as well as reflectors, to enhance your visibility to motorists and pedestrians.Follow Traffic RulesAs a cyclist, you're considered a vehicle on the road, and it's essential to follow the same traffic rules as other vehicles. Obey traffic signals, stop signs, and yield to pedestrians. Ride in the same direction as traffic, and use hand signals to indicate your intentions to turn or stop.Be PredictablePredictability is crucial for both cyclists and motorists. Ride in a straight line, and avoid sudden movements or swerving. Signal your turns well in advance, and make eye contact with drivers to ensure they see you.Stay AlertDistracted cycling can be just as dangerous as distracted driving. Avoid using your phone, listening to music with headphones, or engaging in any activity that could divert your attention from the road. Stay alert and aware of your surroundings at all times.Maintain Your BikeRegular maintenance is essential for your bike's safety and performance. Check your brakes, tires, and lights before everyride. Adjust your seat and handlebars to ensure a comfortable and controlled riding position.Ride DefensivelyAssume that other road users may not see you or anticipate your movements. Ride defensively and be prepared to take evasive action if necessary. Look out for potential hazards, such as potholes, debris, or parked cars with opening doors.Use Bike Lanes and PathsWhenever possible, use designated bike lanes or paths. These areas are designed specifically for cyclists and can provide a safer and more enjoyable riding experience.Communicate with OthersCommunication is key when sharing the road with others. Use hand signals to indicate your intentions, and make eye contact with drivers and pedestrians. Be respectful and courteous to other road users.Wear Protective GearIn addition to a helmet, consider wearing other protective gear, such as gloves, knee and elbow pads, and reflective vests orjackets. These items can help minimize the risk of injuries in case of a fall or collision.Learn Bike Handling SkillsDeveloping good bike handling skills can help you navigate various situations more safely. Practice techniques like emergency braking, sharp turns, and riding over obstacles in a controlled environment before venturing out on the road.Plan Your RouteBefore setting out on a ride, plan your route carefully. Choose routes with designated bike lanes or paths, and avoid high-traffic areas or roads with poor visibility or rough surfaces.Ride with OthersRiding with a group or a cycling buddy can enhance your safety. Other riders can provide additional visibility, alert you to potential hazards, and offer assistance in case of an emergency.Be Prepared for EmergenciesAlways carry a basic repair kit, including a spare tube, tire levers, and a pump, in case of a flat tire or minor mechanical issue. Also, carry a cell phone and some form of identification in case you need to call for help.Follow Local Laws and RegulationsDifferent cities and states may have specific laws and regulations for cyclists. Familiarize yourself with these rules and comply with them to ensure your safety and avoid legal consequences.By following these tips and being proactive about your safety, you can enjoy the many benefits of cycling while minimizing the risks. Remember, safety should always be your top priority when riding a bike. Stay alert, be visible, and respect other road users. With the right precautions and mindset, cycling can be an enjoyable and rewarding experience.篇5Cycling is not only a fun and eco-friendly way to get around, but it's also a great form of exercise. However, it's important to prioritize safety when hitting the roads on two wheels. As a student who often commutes by bike, I've learned a few valuable lessons about protecting myself while cycling.First and foremost, wearing a helmet is an absolute must. I can't stress enough how crucial it is to have proper head protection. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), helmets reduce the risk of head injuryby a staggering 60%. Even though it might not be the most fashionable accessory, a helmet can quite literally save your life in the event of a crash or fall.In addition to a helmet, investing in reflective gear is another wise decision for cyclists. Bright clothing, reflective vests, and flashing lights can significantly increase your visibility to drivers, especially during low-light conditions like dawn, dusk, or at night.I learned this lesson the hard way when I narrowly avoided a collision with a driver who didn't see me on a dimly lit street. Since then, I've made it a habit to deck myself out in reflective gear whenever I ride, ensuring that I'm as visible as possible.Maintaining your bike is also crucial for safety. Regularly checking your brakes, tires, and other components can prevent mechanical failures that could lead to accidents. I've had a few close calls due to worn-out brake pads or under-inflated tires, which taught me the importance of keeping my bike in top shape. It's a good idea to familiarize yourself with basic bike maintenance or have a professional tune-up your ride regularly.Another essential aspect of cycling safety is understanding and following traffic laws. As a cyclist, you're considered a vehicle operator, which means you must obey the same rules as motorists. This includes stopping at red lights and stop signs,signaling when turning or changing lanes, and riding in the same direction as traffic. I've witnessed too many cyclists weaving recklessly through traffic or running red lights, putting themselves and others at risk. By following the rules of the road, you not only protect yourself but also foster mutual respect between cyclists and drivers.Speaking of drivers, it's crucial to remain vigilant and defensive when sharing the road with larger vehicles. Always assume that drivers may not see you, and be prepared to take evasive action if necessary. I've learned to make eye contact with drivers at intersections and to avoid riding in blind spots whenever possible. Additionally, using hand signals to communicate your intentions can help drivers anticipate your movements and react accordingly.Finally, it's important to ride within your skill level and avoid taking unnecessary risks. As tempting as it might be to show off your cycling prowess, engaging in dangerous stunts or riding beyond your abilities can have severe consequences. I've seen too many overconfident cyclists end up in the emergency room after attempting risky maneuvers. Remember, the goal is to arrive at your destination safely, not to impress anyone with your daring feats.In conclusion, cycling is a wonderful activity that offers numerous benefits, but it also comes with inherent risks. By following these safety guidelines – wearing a helmet, using reflective gear, maintaining your bike, obeying traffic laws, being defensive on the road, and riding within your abilities – you can significantly reduce the chances of being involved in an accident. Safety should always be the top priority for any cyclist, regardless of their skill level or experience. So, the next time you hop on your bike, remember to prioritize your well-being and enjoy the ride with peace of mind.篇6Staying Safe While CyclingBikes have been a popular mode of transportation for generations, allowing people to get around in an environmentally-friendly and healthy way. However, as a cyclist sharing the road with much larger vehicles like cars and trucks, it's crucial to take precautions to protect yourself from potential accidents and injuries. In this essay, I'll discuss some key tips for staying safe while riding your bike.First and foremost, always wear a properly fitted helmet. Your helmet is your main line of defense against serious headinjuries in the event of a crash or fall. Make sure the helmet meets current safety standards and that the straps create a snug but comfortable fit. Replace your helmet after any major impact, as the foam interior can become compromised and less effective at absorbing future shocks. Many areas have laws requiring helmet use, but even where not mandated, it's wise to always have that layer of protection.In addition to a helmet, consider other protective gear like gloves, knee and elbow pads, bright clothing, and reflective accessories. Gloves with padded palms can prevent nasty road rash if you take a spill. Knee and elbow pads add an extra buffer for those common impact points. Brightly colored and reflective clothing and gear increases your visibility to drivers, helping prevent accidents before they happen. Being seen is key, especially at night or in low light conditions. Some jackets and vests even have built-in LED lights for maximum visibility.Before heading out, do an "ABC Quick Check" to ensure your bike is safe to ride. This stands for Air, Brakes, Cranks/Chain, and Quick releases/Wheels. Check that your tires are properly inflated to the recommended PSI. Test your brakes by squeezing the levers to ensure they engage the brake pads. Lift your bike and spin the pedals to check that the chain is running smoothlyand the crank arms spin freely. Finally, check that any quick release levers on your wheels are properly closed and tightened.While riding, obey all traffic laws and signals just as you would when driving a car. Stop at red lights and stop signs, signal turns, ride in the direction of traffic, and don't weave between lanes of stopped vehicles. Use hand signals to communicate intended turns, stops, or lane changes to drivers around you. Stay as far to the right as is safe, but avoid hugging the curb where hazards like sewer grates and debris can cause crashes. Take the lane when necessary, such as when the lane is too narrow for a car to safely pass.Be defensive and anticipate the actions of other vehicles. Make eye contact with drivers at intersections and don't assume they see you or will yield right of way. Watch for cars turning across your path, either from intersecting roads or driveways. Slow and cover your brakes when approaching intersections. Pass stopped or parallel parked cars with caution, as doors could open suddenly.Pay attention to road conditions and adjust your riding accordingly. Gravel, wet leaves, standing water, and ice can all cause a loss of traction and stability. Go slowly over speed bumps, potholes, and uneven surfaces and consider walkingyour bike across particularly sketchy areas. Use extra caution when riding over grates, railroad tracks, and other metal surfaces which can be extremely slippery when wet.Never distract yourself while biking. Keep your hands on the handlebars, except when properly signaling. Avoid using headphones, since being able to hear your surroundings like approaching cars is an important safety aid. Don't use your phone for calls, texts, music, or photography. If you need to check directions or take a photo, pull over and stop first.While most tips relate to riding on the road, even paths and trails designated for cyclists present risks. Watch your speed when riding shared paths, especially when passing pedestrians. Use a bell or voice warning when overtaking. Stop at all intersections, even on paths, and be prepared to yield right of way.If you do find yourself in a crash, seek proper medical attention even if injuries seem minor. Concussions and other internal injuries may not be immediately apparent. Report the crash details to the appropriate authorities. If there are no serious injuries, move bikes and debris off the road to prevent further incidents. Exchange insurance information if vehicles are involved.In summary, as a cyclist you are a relatively small, exposed, and thus vulnerable vehicle on the road. Protect yourself with proper gear, maintain your bike for safety, obey all traffic laws, ride defensively, and avoid distractions. By following these safety precautions, you can significantly reduce risks and enjoy cycling for exercise, transportation, or just fun. An ounce of prevention through smart riding habits is worth a pound of cure when it comes to avoiding crashes and injuries. Stay safe out there!。
2018年6月英语六级真题和答案(第一套含三套翻译和作文)
2018年6月英语六级真题和答案听力Passage 1At some 2300 miles in length, the Mississippi is the longest river in the United States. At some 1000 miles, the Mackenzie is the longest river in Canada. But these waterways seem minute in comparison to the world’s 2 lengthiest rivers: the Nile and the A mazon.The Nile which begins in central Africa and flows over 4100 miles north into the Mediterranean hosted one of the world’s great ancient civilizations along its shores. Calm and peaceful for most of the year, the Nile used to flood annually, thereby creating, irrigating and carrying new topsoil to the nearby farmland on which ancient Egypt depended for livelihood. As a means of transportation, the river carried various vessels up and down its length.A journey through the unobstructed part of this waterway today would pass by the splendid valley of the Kings, where the tombs of many of these ancient monarchs have stood for over 3000 years. Great civilizations and intensive settlement are hardly associated with the Amazon, yet this 4000 mile-long south American river carries about 20% of the world’s fresh water more than the Mississippi, Nile and Yangtze combined. Other statistics are equally astonishing. The Amazon is so wide at some points that from its center neither shore can be seen. Each second, the Amazon pours some 55 million gallons of water into the Atlantic. There, at its mouth stands one island larger than Switzerland. Most important of all, the Amazon irrigates the largest tropical rain forest on earth.Passage 19. What can be found in the valley of the Kings?10. In what way is the Amazon different from other big rivers?11. What does the speaker say about the Amazon?Recording 2Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the third in our cities of business seminars in the program “Doing Business Abroad”. (Q19) Today, we are going to look at the intercultural awareness, that is the fact that not everyone is British, not everyone speaks English and not everyone does business in a British way. And, why should they? (Q19) If overseas business people are selling to us, then they will make every effort to speak English and to respect our traditions and methods. It is only polite for us to do the same when we visit them. It is not only polite, it is a central, if we want to sel l British products overseas. First, a short quiz. Let’s see how interculturally-aware you are. Question 1: where must you not drink alcohol on the first and seventh of every month. Question 2: where should you never admire your host’s possessions.Question 3: how should you attract the waiter during a business lunch in Bangkok. Question 4: where should you try to make all your appointments either before 2 or after 5:30 pm. OK, everyone had a chance to make some notes. Right! Here are the answers. Although I am sure that the information could equally well apply to countries other than those I have chosen. No.1: (Q20) you must not drink alcohol on the first and seventh of the month in India. In international hotels, you may find it served, but if you are having a meal with an India colleague, remember to avoid asking for a beer. If you are an arrival, coincide with one of those tips. No.2: in Arab countries, the politeness and generosity of the people is without parallel. If you admire your colleague’s beautifu l belt and bowls, you may well find yourself being presented with them as a present. This is not a cheap way to do your shopping, however, as your host will quite correctly expect you to respond by presenting him with a gift of equal worth and beauty. In Thailand, clicking the fingers, clapping your hands or just shouting “Waiter” will embarrass your hosts, fellow diners, the waiter himself and, most of all, you. Place your palm downward and make an inconspicuous waving gesture, which will produce instant and satisfying results. And finally, (Q21) in Spain, some businesses maintain the pattern of working until about 2 o’clock and then returning to the office from 5:30 to 8, 9 or 10 in the evening.Q19: What should you do when doing business with foreigners?Q20: What must you avoid doing with your Indian colleague?Q21: What do we learn about some Spanish people?选词填空儿歌Did Sarah Josepha Hale write “Mary’s Little Lamb,”the eternal nursery rhyme（儿歌）about girl named Mary with a stubborn lamb? This is still disputed, but it’s clear that the woman 26 reputed for writing it was one of America’s most fascinating 27 characters. In honor of the poem publication on May 24,1830, here’s more about the 28 supposed author’s life.Hale wasn’t just a writer, she was also a 29 fierce social advocate, and she was particularly 30 obsessed with an ideal New England, which she associated with abundant Thanksgivinx xg meals that she claimed had “a deep moral influence,” she began a nationwide 31 campaign to have a national holiday declared that would bring families together while celebrating the 32 traditional festivals. In 1863, after 17 years of advocacy including letters to five presidents, Hale got it. President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War, issued a 33 proclamation setting aside the last Thursday in November for the holiday.The true authorship of “Mary’s Little Lamb” is disputed. According to New England Historical Society, Hale wrote only one part of the poem, but claimed authorship. Regardless of the author, it seems that the poem was 34 inspired by a real event. When young Mary Sawyer was followedto school by a lamb in 1816, it caused some problems. A bystander named John Roulstone wrote a poem about the event, then, at some point, Hale herself seems to have helped write it. However, if a 1916 piece by her great-niece is to be trusted, Hale claimed for the 35 rest of her life that “Some other people pretended that someone else wrote the poem”.A）campaignB）careerC）charactersD）featuresE）fierceF）inspiredG）latterH）obsessedI）proclamationJ）rectifiedK）reputedL）restM）supposedN）traditionalO）versatile金字塔Scientists scanning and mapping the Giza pyramids say they've discovered that the Great Pyramid of Giza is not exactly even. But really not by much. This pyramid is the oldest of the world’s Seven Wonders. The pyramid’s exact size has 26 puzzled experts for centuries, as the "more than 21 acres of hard, white casing stones" that originally covered it were 27 removed long ago.Reporting in the most recent issue of the newsletter "AERAGRAM," which 28 chronicles the work of the Ancient Egypt Research Associates, engineer Glen Dash says that by using a new measuring approach that involved finding any surviving 29 remnants of the casing in order to determine where the original edge was. They found the east side of the pyramid to be a 30 maximum of 5.55 inches shorter than the west side.The question that most 31 fascinates him, however, isn't how the Egyptians who designed and built the pyramid got it wrong 4,500 years ago, but how they got it so close to 32 perfect. "We can only speculate as to how the Egyptians could have laid out these lines with such 33 precision using only the tools they had," Dash writes. He says his 34 hypothesis is that the Egyptians laid out their design on a grid, noting that the great pyramid is oriented only 35 slightly away from the cardinal directions (its north-south axis runs 3 minutes 54 seconds west of due north, while its east-west axis runs 3 minutes 51 seconds north of due east)—an amount that's "tiny, but similar," Atlas Obscura points out.chroniclescompleteestablishedfascinateshypothesismaximummomentummysteriouslyperfectprecisionpuzzledremnantsremovedrevelationsslightly家用机器人When Elon Musk says, as he did this week, that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domestic robots, we should not only take note, but look forward to the day we can put our legs up in admiration.Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two “moonshot” tech companies, Tesla Motors and SpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and 26 humans to live on other planets. Lest this strike the amateur techie—not that readers of The Independent would ever count among them—as so much hot air, you can be reassured that the near $13bn (£8.8bn) fortune this entrepreneur has 27 comes from practical achievements rather than hypothetical ones.A lot of clever people are 28 about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will one day become so 29 they’ll murder all of us. These fears are mostly30 : as with hysteria about genetic modification, we humans are generally wise enough to manage these problems with alacrity and care.And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could —31 — be like having a babysitter and masseuse rolled into one —or, if that required 32 intelligence beyond the ken of Mr. Musk’s imagined machine, at least some one to chop the carrots, wash the car and mow the lawn. Once purchased and trained, this would allow the 33 user to save money and time, freeing up 34 space in our busy lives to, for instance, read The Independent.That is why we welcome Mr. Musk’s latest 35 , and wish him well. As long as robots add to the sum of human happiness, reduce suffering or cumbersome activity, and create time to readworld-class journalism, The Independent will be their fans. Especially since journalism is one job robots will never do.A) amassedB) casualC) emotionalD) enablingE) eventuallyF) exaggeratedG) extravagantH) generouslyI) misleadingJ) preciousK) rewardL) smartM) sphereN) terrifiedO) venture答案：26. D enabling27. A amassed28. N terrified29. L smart30. F exaggerated31. E eventually32. C emotional33. B casual34. J precious35. O venture阅读Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is pitting rice farmers against two enemies: the rice-eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern European wetlands.Located on the Mediterranean just two hours south of Barcelona, the Ebro Delta produces120 million kilograms of rice a year, making it one of the continent’s most important rice-growing areas. As the sea creeps into these fresh-water marshes, however, rising salinity（盐分）is hampering rice production. At the same time, this sea-water also kills off the greedy giant apple snail, an introduced pest that feeds on young rice plants. The most promising strategy has become to harness one foe against the other.The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhouses at the University of Barcelona. Scientists working under the banner “Project Neurice” are seeking varieties of rice that can withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorbency that makes European rice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italian dishes.“The project has two sides,” says Xavier Serrat, Neurice p roject manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona. “the short-term fight against the snail, and a mid- to long-term fight against climate change. But the snail has given the project greater urgency.”Originally from South America, the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta by Global Aquatic Tecnologies, a company that raised the snails for fresh-water aquariums（水族馆）, but failed to prevent their escape. For now, the giant apple snail’s presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat. “The question is not if it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe, but when.”Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of salt-tolerant rice they’ve bred. In 2018, farmers will plant the varieties with the most promise in the Ebro Delta and Europe’s other two main rice-growing regions—along the Po in Italy, and France’s Rhône. A season in the field will help determine which, if any, of the varieties are ready for commercialization.As an EU-funded effort, the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries. Each team is crossbreeding a local European short-grain rice with a long-grain Asian variety that carries the salt-resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successive generations to arrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome（基因组）.46.Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage?A. It had great impact on the life of Spanish rice farmers.B. It is of great significance in the records of Spanish history.C. Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are waging a battle of similar importance.D. Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are experiencing as hard a time as in the war.47.What may be the most effective strategy for rice farmers to employ in fighting their enemies?A. Striking the weaker enemy firstB. Killing two birds with one stoneC. Eliminating the enemy one by oneD. Using one evil to combat the other48. What do we learn about “Project Neurice”?A. Its goals will have to be realized at a cost.B. It aims to increase the yield of Spanish rice.C. Its immediate priority is to bring the pest under control.D. It tries to kill the snails with the help of climate change.49. What does Neurice project manager say about the giant apple snail?A. It can survive only on southern European wetlands.B. It will invade other rice-growing regions of Europe.C. It multiplies at a speed beyond human imagination.D. It was introduced into the rice fields on purpose.50. What is the ultimate goal of the EU-funded program?A. Cultivating ideal salt-resistant rice varieties.B. Increasing the absorbency of the Spanish rice.C. Introducing Spanish rice to the rest of Europe.D. Popularizing the rice crossbreeding technology.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life's greatest milestones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion's patience.But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experience instead of simply enjoying it? "You hear that you shouldn't take all these photos and interrupt the experience, and it's bad for you, and we're not living in the present moment," says Kristin Diehl, associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business.Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true, so they embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testing people's enjoyment in the presence or absence of a camera. The results, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, surprised them. Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they're doing more, not less."What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently, because you're looking for things you want to capture, that you may want to hang onto," Diehl explains. "That gets people more engaged in the experience, and they tend to enjoy it more."Take sightseeing. In one experiment, nearly 200 participants boarded a double-decker bus for a tour of Philadelphia. Both bus tours forbade the use of cell phones but one tour provided digital cameras and encouraged people to take photos. The people who took photos enjoyed the experience significantly more, and said they were more engaged, than those who didn't.Snapping a photo directs attention, which heightens the pleasure you get from whatever you're looking at, Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological（考古的）museums, where people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. "People look longer at things they want to photograph," Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more, too.To the relief of Instagrammers（Instagram用户）everywhere, it can even makes meals more enjoyable. When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch, they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren't told to take photos.Was it the satisfying click of the camera? The physical act of the snap? No, they found; just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect. "If you want to take mental photos, that works the same way," Diehl says. "Thinking about what you would want to photograph also gets you more engaged."51.What does the author say about photo-taking in the past?A. It was a painstaking effort for recording life’s major events.B. It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.C. It was a good way to preserve one’s precious images.D. It was a skill that required lots of practice to master.52.Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out __________.A. what kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo-takersB. whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeingC. how it could help to enri ch people’s life experiencesD. Whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing53.What do the results of Diehl’s experiments show that people taking photos?A. They are distracted from what they are doing.B. They can better remember what they see or do.C. They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.D. They can have a better understanding of the world.54.What is found about museum visitors with the aid of eye-tracking glasses?A. They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.B. They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.C. They have a better view of what are on display.D. They follow the historical events more easily.55.What do we learn from the last paragraph?A. It is better to make plans before taking photos.B. Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.C. Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.D. Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.翻译自行车自行车曾经是中国城乡最主要的交通工具，中国一度被称为“自行车王国”。
重庆市巴蜀中学校2023-2024学年高一上学期期末模拟英语试题试题
重庆市巴蜀中学校2023-2024学年高一上学期期末模拟英语试题试题一、阅读理解Are You a Moring Person?Mornings are not for everyone. Knowing that our own bodies may be wired to prefer a certain time of day is certainly a relief. But many of us still have to wake up and function during those first daylight hours. So what can you do?We tapped a variety of experts - from sleep experts to nutritionists to life organizational pros (生活管理达人) — to share their tricks on how to make morning less stressful and more pleasant for even the most after-hours of night owls.1. Night wakingPoor sleep quality can explain why we sometimes wake up from eight hours of snoozing and feel like we only clocked in at four. “It’s normal to have one or two awakenings, but more than that leaves us feeling groggy (昏昏沉沉) in the morning because of the fragmented sleep,” explains Shelby Harris, director of the behavioral sleep medicine program at Montefiore Medical Center.2. The Science of snoozingThe snooze button does more harm than good. Nodding off again sends you into a light and fragmented sleep! Multiple snoozes can leave you feeling groggier than just getting out of bed the first time. Instead, be honest about the time you intend to get up and then enjoy every last minute of sleep, so you can wake up alert and ready to go. 3. Don’t ease into your workdayIt can be tempting to plow through the easy things early on—checking e-mail, scanning the headlines—but it’s wise to tackle the bigger stuff first. “Getting to work on the most important tasks not only ups the chances that they actually get done, but it also leaves you with a burst of accomplishment to take with you the rest of the day,” says Jason Selk, coauthor of Organize Tomorrow Today.4. Save social media for laterSchedule a social media block later in the afternoon to check in when you’re likely to need a break anyway, and save the morning for the important stuff.1．What’s the purpose of the passage?A．To help us to get the most out of our mornings.B．To relieve us from the guilt of multiple snoozes in the morning.C．To warn us of the harm of not getting out of bed immediately.D．To inform us about the fact that our bodies are wired to prefer a certain time of day.2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A．One or two awakenings ensure us a good night’s sleep.B．To be an early bird, better forget about the snooze button.C．It’s important not to block social medium if you want to save your morning.D．Beginning a day with easy things aroused our interest and a sense of accomplishment.3．Where can we find the passage?A．Classified Advertisement B．Travel BrochureC．Life and Study D．Scientific JournalSitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…” and my vision blurred (模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme — had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered,even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.4．How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name?A．Anxious.B．Angry.C．Surprised.D．Settled.5．After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to ________.A．criticise the review process B．stay longer in the Sahara DesertC．apply to the original project again D．put his heart and soul into the lab work6．According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was ________.A．demanding B．inspiring C．misleading D．amusing7．What can we learn from this passage?A．An invitation is a reputation.B．An innovation is a resolution.C．A rejection can be a redirection.D．A reflection can be a restriction.An immersive and slow-paced Citywalk is becoming trendy across China. In contrast to rushing past overcrowded tourist landmarks, the new trend has emerged as a popular alternative to explore bustling markets, ancient streets, and charming alleys at a leisurely pace.The appeal of Citywalk caters particularly to the younger generation often caught up in demanding work schedules. As evidenced by the increasing popularity of hash tags like “City walk for vacation” on lifestyle sharing platform Xiaohong shu, with a staggering 465 million views and nearly 464, 600 engagements, the trend is truly capturing unbelievable attention.Citywalk, or meandering through the urban landscapes, means the act of walking freely along city streets unburdened by exhaustive plans. It offers people an avenue to intimately experience urban culture and local traditions. Citywalk is not merely about sightseeing. It creates an opportunity for social interactions and deep connections with the cities. Citywalk routes are tailored to the specific interests of both out-of-town tourists and locals. For tourists, the focus is on sharing local customs and traditions, while for locals, discussions revolve around the city’s past, present, and future. The growing trend of Citywalk reflects a changing attitude towards life, embracing a warmer, more relaxed, and slower-paced lifestyle.As Citywalk expands beyond first-tier cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, to second-and third-tier cities across the county, it brings fresh opportunities for the tourism industry, in such areas as dining, shopping, and accommodation.Governments in Beijing and Shandong have recognized the potential of Citywalk, incorporating it into theiraction plans to promote cultural tourism and leisure activities. In Shanghai, public bus lines specially designed have been introduced to elevate the overall Citywalk for participants.“By slowing down and delving into the narrow alleys, observing the lives of city residents, and immersing oneself in the context of museums and art galleries, one is entitled to embrace the pleasure of life,” said Luo Jun, a cultural tourism enthusiast.8．What’s the main reason for the popularity of Citywalk among young people?A．It mainly focuses on urban sightseeing.B．Social media offer many tempting videos.C．Busywork schedule limits the choice of people.D．Conventional tourist landmarks are losing charm.A．Astonishing.B．Rewarding.C．Embarrassing.D．Shrinking.10．Which of the following statements is NOT Citywalk?A．An immersive route for foreigners to enjoy the alleys in Chengdu.B．A holiday travel to hurriedly visit crowded landmarks in Shanghai.C．A free walk including visiting museums and old towns in Qingdao.D．A leisurely tour along Qiantang River to experience city transformation.11．What have some governments done to promote Citywalk?A．Facilities in the museums have been enhanced.B．Cooperation has been strengthened among cities.C．Opportunities have been offered to third-tier cities.D．Specific public transportation routes have been introduced.We all have a tendency to fake laugh, particularly when authority figures in our lives try to make a joke that just doesn’t land. Though it might feel rude not to laugh when your in-laws or boss try to say something funny, pretending to do so might not be much better. It turns out, even if you think that your forced laughing sounds genuine, people are usually pretty good at separating truly spirited belly laughs from fake ones. But how can they possible know the difference?Well, when researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles studied the acoustic and perceptual differences between real and fake laughter, they found that some of the sounds associated with genuine laughter is“really hard to fake.” In their study, the researchers determined that subjects were only fooled by 37 percent of fake laughter.The most prominent factor distinguishing real laughter from fake laughter is duration -- or, more specifically, the number of breaths taken in in between sounds. Seeing as it takes more effort and concentration to fake a laugh as opposed to do it genuinely, people tend to pause more in between their “ha-ha’s” when they’re faking it. Evidently, that pausing is pretty noticeable.“A fake laugh is basically an imitation of a real laugh, but produced with a slightly different set of vocal muscles controlled by a different part of our brain,” Greg Bryant, the lead UCLA researcher on the study, explained. “The result is that there are subtle features of the laugh that sound like speech, and ... people are unconsciously quite sensitive to them.”People have also proven to be emotionally sensitive to laughter as well. “Our rains are very sensitive to the social and emotional significance of laughter,” said Carolyn McGettigan, a scientist at Royal Holloway, University of London.McGettigan conducted a 2014 study that recorded participants’ brain responses as they listened to the same people produce genuine laughter by watching funny videos, as opposed to fake laughter. “During our study, when participants heard a laugh that was posed, they activated regions of the brain associated with mentalizing in an attempt to understand the other person’s emotional and mental state,” she said.So, while we may understand that certain social situations sometimes require fake laughter, most of the time, our instincts and emotional intelligence are just too smart to buy into them.According to McGettigan, that’s a good thing. “Evolutionarily speaking, it’s good to be able to detect if someone is authentically experiencing an emotion or if they’re not,” she said. “Because you don’t want to be fooled.”12．What do researchers at the University of California want to find out in this study?A．What is the difference between a fake laugh and a real one.B．Which part of the brain controls the sound of our laughter.C．Why do people need to fake laugh when they don’t want to.D．How to laugh as genuinely as possible when you are faking it.13．Your forced laughing is more noticeable than you think, mainly because_______.A．you seem more concentrated when you laugh for realB．you take more breaths when you try to fake a laughC．a fake laugh often happens after a sudden pauseD．a real laugh usually lasts longer than a fake one14．Which of the following is true according to Greg Bryant?A．Real laughter is not at all controllable by our brain.B．People may notice fake laughter without knowing why.C．People use the same set of muscles to laugh and to speak.D．Faking laugh shares the same techniques as making speech.15．What has Carolyn McGettigan’s 2014 study proven?A．Certain social situations may require us to fake a laugh.B．Evolution has enabled us to recognize other’s emotions.C．By instincts, we are able to tell a person’s mental state.D．We can sense other’s emotional state when they laugh.Will Traditional TV Ever Be Replaced by Streaming?For a long time, people had to listen to the radio to get news, drama, and music at home. This all changed with the development of the television in the early 20th century. 16 Since then, British TV viewers have enjoyed the launch of commercial TV, the addition of Channel 4, and then Channel 5, and finally the birth of paid services through satellite and cable.A Slow DeclineWhile the uptake of TV ownership exploded, the decline of television's dominance has been slow and has been going on for the past decade. 17 Streaming services have given us access to more content than was ever possible, including back catalogues of classic shows and blockbuster movies.Changing Viewing HabitsIn the UK, adults are spending more time watching content on YouTube and streaming services than ever before. In 2018, these figures were 30 minutes and 26 minutes per day respectively. 18Still the King19 For example, in 2018 UK adults continued to watch BBC One for an average of 41 minutes per day, more than any streaming service.Average viewing time for all traditional TV channels continues to decline though, despite much larger quantities of original content being produced by these organisations. 20While the traditional TV networks have seen a decline, the television set itself doesn't look like it's going anywhere any time soon.A．This has been the trend for the last couple of decades.B．The original content has included massively popular shows.C．Suddenly, we were able to see what was going on, not just listen along.D．The traditional TV channels are taking away audiences from streaming services.E．Most major TV channels have their own catch up streaming service.F．While demand for streaming services is up, TV continues to be the most watched overall.G．Today, we have the power to watch whatever, whenever, wherever we want.二、单项选择21．_____ his conclusion on the evidence he collected on the spot, he proved that the murderer was guilty.A．Based B．Basing C．To base D．Being based22．Beloved by people of all classes, Neruda is one of the most widely read poets in history, who was once_________ as the Picasso of poetry.A．respected to B．related to C．referred to D．connected to23．It took me a long time before I was able to fully ____________ what my parents had done for me.A．appreciate B．relate C．regard D．refer24．In August, radioactive wastewater from Japan was released into the Pacific Ocean, _________ effects people are still suffering.A．by which B．from which C．from whose D．by whose25．Despite _________ under the ruins after the earthquake and the great trouble he had _________, he was still positive and relived a younger girl beside him.A．trapped; breathing B．trapping; to breatheC．being trapped; breathing D．trapping; breathed26．An ancient temple _________ the Northern Qi Dynasty was destroyed in flames, _________ concerns about the effective protection of cultural relics.A．dating back to; caused B．dating from; causingC．dated back to; causing D．dated from; caused27．It is generally considered unwise to give a child ______ he or she wants ______ rich you are.A．whatever, however B．no matter what, no matter howC．whenever, however D．no matter when, no matter how28．China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries _________ its role in international affairs..A．being recognized B．recognizingC．to be recognized D．recognized29．The reason ________ he didn’t come to school on time is ________ he had to take care of his sick brother at home.A．That; because B．that; that C．why; because D．why; that30．There was a time _________, if a lady got onto a crowded bus or train, a gentleman would stand up and offer her his seat.A．while B．as C．when D．until三、完形填空on film, to describe in words, or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest.Rainforests have 32 over millions of years to turn into the incredibly complex environments they are today. Rainforests represent a store of living and 33 renewable natural resources that for an immeasurably long period of time, by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species, have 34 a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of humankind. These resources have included basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, spices, industrial raw materials, and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest. 35 , the inner dynamics (动力学；相互作用的方式) of a tropical rainforest is a complex and fragile system. Everything is so 36 that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole. Sadly, it has taken only a century of human intervention to destroy what nature designed to 37 forever.The scale of human 38 on ecosystems everywhere has increased enormously in the last few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. Consumption of everything on the planet has risen — at a cost to our 39 . In 2001, The World Resources Institute estimated that the demand for rice, wheat, and corn is expected to grow by 40% by 2025, increasingirrigation water demands by 50% or more. They further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year 2050; 40 , it is still the tropical forests of the world that supply the most part of the world’s demand for wood.In 1950, about 15 percent of the Earth’s land surface was covered by rainforest. Today, more than half has already gone up in 41 . In fewer than fifty years, about half of the world’s tropical rainforests have fallen 42 to fire or deforestation, and the rate of destruction is still 43 . Unbelievably, more than 200,000 acres of rainforest are burned every day. That is more than 150 acres lost every minute of every day, and 78 million acres lost every year! More than 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone, and much more is severely 44 as the destruction continues. If nothing is done to control this 45 , the entire Amazon could well be gone within fifty years. Fewer rainforests mean less rain, less oxygen for us to breathe, and an increased threat from global warming.31．A．establish B．claim C．capture D．prove32．A．extended B．evolved C．expanded D．resolved33．A．energizing B．healing C．isolating D．breathing34．A．destroyed B．contributed C．reduced D．affected35．A．However B．Furthermore C．Therefore D．Otherwise36．A．active B．positive C．interdependent D．dominant37．A．restore B．support C．relieve D．last38．A．pressure B．resources C．concern D．strengths39．A．existence B．ecosystem C．species D．survival40．A．unfortunately B．consequently C．naturally D．similarly41．A．store B．food C．smoke D．wealth42．A．subject B．down C．apart D．victim43．A．running out B．going up C．holding back D．falling down44．A．released B．revealed C．threatened D．boosted45．A．trend B．practice C．intention D．attitude四、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
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IEEETRANSACTIONSONINTELLIGENTTRANSPORTATIONSYSTEMS,VOL.15,NO.3,JUNE2014909ScanningtheIssueandBeyond:Real-TimeSocialTransportationwithOnlineSocialSignals
MANYOFthepaperspublishedinthisissuearefromaspecialissueon“UncertaintyinComputationalTrafficModels.”IwouldliketothankourGuestEditors,Dr.VincenzoPunzo,UniversityofNaplesFedericoII,Italy;Dr.MarkBrackstone,IOMI,Southampton,U.K.;andDr.ConstantinosAntoniou,NationalTechnicalUniversityofAthens,Greece,fortheirhardworkandgreateffort.Pleasecheck@IEEE-TITS(http://www.weibo.com/u/3967923931)inWeibo(anex-tendedChineseversionofTwitter),https://www.facebook.com/IEEEITSinFacebook,and@IEEEITS(https://twitter.com/IEEEITS)inTwitterforanynewsregardingIEEEITSS,IEEETRANSACTIONSONINTELLIGENTTRANSPORTATIONSYS-TEMS,andIEEEIntelligentTransportationSystemsMagazine.Thethreesitesarestillunderdevelopmentandyourparticipa-tionandsuggestionsareextremelywelcome.Asformythoughtonanewdirectionintransportationresearch,hereIwilldiscussanemergingandimportantarea:socialtransportationintheageofbigdata.SCANNINGTHEISSUEAnAxiomaticDesignApproachtoPassengerItineraryEnumerationinReconfigurableTransportationSystemsA.Viswanath,E.E.SamanoBaca,andA.M.FaridAxiomaticdesignisutilizedtodevelopatheoryforre-configurablesystemsandoperationsintransportation.ThemethodologicaldevelopmentsarethendemonstratedonasmallsubsectionoftheMexicoCitytransportationsystemtodemon-strateitswiderangingutilityinreconfigurabilitydecision-makingattheplanningandoperationstimescales.Furthercomparisonsofaxiomaticdesigntotraditionalgraphtheoryaremade,indicatingthemathematicalbasisoftheformerinthelatter.GenerationofaPreciseRoadwayMapforAutonomousCarsK.JoandM.SunwooAmap-generationalgorithmforautonomouscarsiscon-structedinthreesteps:1)dataacquisition;2)dataprocessing;and3)roadmodeling.Instep1),rawtrajectoryandmotiondataareacquiredthroughexplorationusingaprobevehicle.Step2)thenprocessestheacquireddataintoroadwaygeometrydata.Instep3),thefixed-intervaloptimalsmoothingtheoryandagradualcorrectionalgorithmareusedtoimprovetheaccuracy,continuity,andreliabilityofroadgeometrydata.TheproposedalgorithmisevaluatedthroughexperimentalstudiesDigitalObjectIdentifier10.1109/TITS.2014.2323531thatshowthegeneratedmapissufficientlyaccurateandreliable
forautonomousdriving.
Energy-EfficientLocomotiveOperationforChineseMainlineRailwaysbyFuzzyPredictiveControlY.Bai,T.K.Ho,B.Mao,Y.Ding,andS.ChenThisstudydevelopsafuzzypredictivecontrolapproach,continuouslyprovidinglocomotiveoperationinstructions,withrespecttotheprevailingspeedlimits,toreduceenergycon-sumptionoftrainmovement.Theproposedapproachisimple-mentedinanon-boarddecisionsupportsystemtoassistdrivers.ThesystemistestedontheNing’xilineinChina,andtheresultsindicatethatenergyconsumptionontrainoperationisreducedby4%whilethecomputationalrequirementsatisfiesthedemandofreal-timesolutions.
COTraMS:ACollaborativeandOpportunisticTrafficMonitoringSystemJ.G.Ribeiroz,Jr.,M.E.M.Campista,andL.H.M.K.CostaACollaborativeandOpportunisticTrafficMonitoringSystem(COTraMS)isproposedfortrafficmonitoringwithavailableIEEE802.11networks,andaprototypeisbuilttoevaluateitsperformance.MeasurementsfromarealpublicwirelessnetworkinRiodeJaneirodemonstratethepossibilityofobtainingtrafficconditionswithCOTraMS.Inaddition,COTraMSisanalyzedviasimulationinscenarioswithlargernumberofvehicles.Resultsusingasimplearchitectureandasmallamountofnetworkbandwidthshowhighaccuracyindetectingbothvehiclepositionsandroadconditions.
UsingaHead-upDisplay-BasedSteady-StateVisuallyEvokedPotentialBrain–ComputerInterfacetoControlaSimulatedVehicleL.Bi,X.Fan,K.Jie,T.Teng,H.Ding,andY.LiuAnewSteady-StateVisuallyEvokedPotential(SSVEP)brain–computerinterface(BCI)withvisualstimulipresentedonawindshieldviaahead-updisplayisproposedandappliedinconjunctionwithalpharhythmforcontrollingasimulatedvehicle.TheclassificationmodelsoftheSSVEPBCIwiththreecommandsarebuiltbyusingSupportVectorMachine.Areal-timebrain-controlledsimulatedvehicleisdevelopedandtestedbyusingfourparticipantstoperformadrivingtaskonline.Theexperimentsshowthefeasibilityofusingthehuman“mind”alonetocontrolavehicle.
UsingDelayedObservationsforLong-TermVehicleTrackinginLargeEnvironmentsM.Shan,S.Worrall,F.Masson,andE.NebotAlgorithmsforlong-termvehiclemotionestimationarepro-posedwithamodelthatincorporatesthepropertiesoftheworkingenvironmentandinformationcollectedbyothermo-bileagentsandfixedinfrastructurecollectionpoints.Alimited
1524-9050©2014IEEE.Personaluseispermitted,butrepublication/redistributionrequiresIEEEpermission.Seehttp://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.htmlformoreinformation.