HID学习资料
英语学习者常用的动词过去式总结

英语学习者常用的动词过去式总结一、规则动词的过去式变化如下:1、一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed ,如:work---workedplay---playedwanted----wantedact----acted2、以不发音的-e 结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,如:live---livedmove----movedtaste---tastedhope---hoped3、以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如:study---studiedcopy---copiedcry---criedcarry---carried4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed,如:beg---beggeddrip---drippeddot---dotteddrop---droppedstop---stopped二、不规则动词的过去式的构成(不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
)1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。
如:begin(开始)—begandrink(喝)—drankgive(给)—gavering(按铃)—rangsing(唱)—sangsit(坐)—satswim(游泳)—swam2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。
如:drive(驾车)—droveride(骑)—roderise(升起)--roseshine(发光)--shone/shinedwrite(写)—wrotewin(获胜)--won(这是闭音节的i改为o)3.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。
如:grow(生长)—grewknow(知道)—knewthrow(扔)—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。
如:get(获得)—gotforget(忘记)—forgot5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。
如:feed(喂)—fedmeet(遇见)—met6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。
人教版八下英语单元词汇拓展学习Units 1-6

八下单元词汇拓展学习Unit 11、matter v 要紧,有关系2、eg.It doesn't matter!没关系!2、have a cold=have colds患感冒3、lie-lay-lain-lying 躺lie-lied-lied-lying 说谎lay-laid-laid-laying 摆放4、break-broke-broken-breaking n 休息;v 破坏;5、hurt-hurt-hurt-hurting v伤害;hurt oneself 伤到自己6、get on 上车;相处;进展;7、get hit on/in the +身体部位8、right away=at once 立刻9、bandage oneself 自我包扎10、be used to sth习惯某事be used to doing sth习惯做某事11、risk doing sth 冒险做某事12、by chance=by accident 偶然地,意外地13、物+run out.=物+be+ used up. 人+run out of +物.=人+use up +物.14、cut+ off/down/up/out 切除/砍倒/切碎/删除(=delete).15、mean to do sth=plan to do sth 打算做某事mean doing sth 意味着做某事16、important adj. 重要的;importance n. 重要性;the importance of doing sth 做某事的重要性17、decision n决定;decide v 决定;make a decision to do sth=decide to do sth=decide on doing sth=make up one's mind to do sth决定做某事18、die -- died(过去式) --dead(过去分词)--dying(现在分词) v 死亡dead adj 去世了dying adj 奄奄一息的death n 死亡19、give up doing sth 放弃做某事Unit 2clean adj 干净的;v 打扫make sb happyhand involunteer to do sth volunteer to plant treesvolunteer to clean up our classroom come up with a good idea=think up/out be put off被推迟put off+v-ingToday,we will put off our breakfast.signsnoticesnotice sb doing sthI notice all the students reading books now. notice sb do sthI notice all the students read books often. used to do sth过去常常做某事I used to read books.feel lonelylive aloneAlthough the old man live alone,he doe sn’t feel lonely.care for= look after,take care ofseveral +名词复数Several boys/apples/booksstrongstrong (反义词)weakIf your body is healthy,you are strong.If your body is unhealthy,you are weak. feelingsown adj自己的;V 拥有try out for +sth. Try out for English speech参加英语演讲的选拔raise money for homeless peopleraise sth for sb为某人筹集某物at midnightlive alonerepair my bike=fix up my bikerepair it =fix it upgive away=donatetake after=look like/be similar to/be the same asbe interested in doing sth对...感兴趣Sth is broken.set up=build/found/establishmake a difference to sthimagine doing sthhave difficulties (in) doing sthbe excited to do sth=be excited about doing sthkind adj.clever=smart/intelligent/wisebe interested in doing sth对...感兴趣Unit 3rubbish不可数名词=litter/trash/ wastesleep-sleptkeep=keptsweep the floor打扫地板in a mess在混乱中make a mess制造混乱throw down扔下neither…nor…既不…也不…;两者都不Neither she nor I am (be)happy.Neither I nor she is (be)happy.shirtsAs soon as +从句(一般现在时),主句(一般将来时)As soon as I have some money, I will buy what I want.pass sth to sb=pass sb sth传递某物给某人borrow sth from sb从某人借入某物lend sb sth=lend sth to sb把某物借给某人fingershate to do sth=hate doing sth 厌恶做某事do chores 做杂物While +sb +be +doing sth.stress精神压力pressure 压力be stressed out 有压力的Don’t waste water!in order to do sth 为了做某事Eg. In order to get good grades,we should study hard.provide sth for sb=provide sb with sth 为某人提供某物develop vdevelopment ndeveloping adj发展中developed adj发达的take care of=look after=care for 照顾ill=sickShe is ill/sick.(表语)=She is a sick girl. (定语)droppeddrop n 雨滴、水滴a drop of rain 一滴雨Unit 4allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事allow doing sth 允许做某事be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事What's wrong with sb?=What's the matter with sb?deal n协议;v处理deal with (how提问)=do with (what提问)处理get on/along well/badly with sb 与某人相处地好/坏relations communication n 交流communicate v交流communicate with sb 与某人交流argue v 争吵;argument n争吵argue with sb about sth 因某事和某人吵架cloud(s)n云朵 ;cloudy adj 多云的elder adj 修饰人,作定语;older adj 修饰人或物,做定语或表语instead of +n/pron/v-ing 代替whatever=no matter what 无论什么be nervous =be worried 担心offer sb sth=offer sth to sb 主动给某人提供某物proper adj 恰当的;properly adv恰当地explain v 解释 ; explanation n解释;explain sth to sb=explain sb sth 给某人解释某事clear adj清楚的、晴朗的(=sunny);clearly adv 清楚地;copy v 抄袭;n 复制品(复数:copies)return v 归还(=give back);返回(=come back);return sb sth=return sth to sb把某物归还给某人not...any more=no more 不再be a member of ... 是...中的一员press v 压;pressure n 压力(不可数)compete v竞争; competition n 竞争;compete with sb 与某人竞争in my opinion 在我看来skill n 记忆、技巧(可数);能力(不可数)typical adj. typically adv.cut sb sth=cut sth for sb 为某人切东西quick adj. 快的; quickly adv. 快地continue v 继续= go oncontinue to do sth 停止原来的事情,继续做另外一件事continue doing sth继续做同一件事情compare A with B A和B对比compare A to B 把A比喻成Bpush v 推;pull v 拉be caused 被造成...usual adj. 通常的; usually adv.通常地;unusual adj.不寻常的perhaps =maybe 通常用于句首Unit 5rainstormsalarmsbegin-began-begun-beginningbegin/start to do sth=begin/start doing sth 开始做某事heavy adj. heavily adv.suddenly=all of a sudden突然地pick up 接电话、捡起、搭车strange adj. 奇怪的; strangely adv.奇怪地stranger n.陌生人wind n 风;windy adj 刮风的light n 光;光线(不可数);灯(可数);v 点燃(过去式:lit或者lighted);adj 轻的report v/n报道、公布 ;reporter n 记者;wood n 木头; wooden adj 木头的match n 火柴;比赛 v 搭配beat sb.打败某人;beat-beat-beatenbe against doing sth. 反对做某事fall asleep 入睡rise -rose-risen v/n 增加fall-fell-fallen v 落下icy adj 冰冷的;ice n 冰块;kid n 孩子=child; v 开玩笑realize v 理解、认识到=understand ; realization n意识make up one's way to do sth 费力做某事passagespupils completely advcomplete v完成;/adj 完全的be shocked 被震惊in silence=silentlyterroriststowersbe for doing sth 支持做某事true adj. 真的truly adv. 真地truth n.tell the truth 告诉真相Unit 61、shoot v.射击、发射.过去式shot, 过去分词shot,现在分词 shooting区别:shoot sth打中 /shoot at sth射击(近处) /shoot to sth射击(远处)2、stone n.石头(复数)stones3、weak adj. 虚弱的. (反义词)strong adj.强壮的. weakness n.虚弱4、god n.神仙; God 上帝5、remind v.提醒,使想起 remind sb of sth 使某人想起…/ remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事6、bit n.一点、小块7、a little bit “有点儿、稍微”=a little/abit/kind of+形容词、副词;a little 、a bit of+不可数名词8、silly adj.愚蠢的,不明事理的=fool、stupid9、instead of +n/ pron / v-ing 代替10、turn …into…变成11、object. n物体、物品;(复数) objects12、 hide. v隐藏; (过去式)hid ;(过去分词)hidden13、 tail. n尾巴;(复数)tails14、 magic adj.有魔力的; magician .n.魔术师15 、stick .n木棍、v 坚持、粘住、刺入stick to doing 坚持做某事16 、excite v使激动;excited adj 感到兴奋的;exciting adj令人兴奋的17、 Western. adj. 西方的18 、once upon a time从前19、 stepsister. n继姐妹20 、prince .n王子21 、fall in love with爱上……22、 fit .v适合 adj 健康的23 、couple n夫妻、两件事物;24 、smile v/n微笑25、 marry. v结婚26、 get married to sb和…结婚27、gold. n 金子、adj金色的28、emperor .n皇帝(可数)29、silk .n丝绸、丝织物30、underwear .n.内衣 (复数)underwears31、nobody. pron. 没有人 n.小人物32、stupid adj.傻的33、cheat .v 欺骗 n 骗子34、stepmother .n继母(复数)stepmothers35、wife .n妻子(复数) wives36、husband .n丈夫(复数) husbands37、whole .adj整个的; the whole + n ; all the +n.38、scene .n.场景39、moonlight .n.月光; in the moonlight 月光下40、shine .v.照耀-shone-shone41、bright .adv. 明亮地adj.明亮的42、ground .n.地面43、lead .v.带路-led –ledlead +to do sth 领导做某事; lead +to +名词通向…44、voice .n.声音; noise n 噪音;sound n 一切声音;45、brave .adj.勇敢的Unit 7。
(完整版)九年级英语第一单元知识点归纳总结-打印

九年级英语第一单元知识点归纳总结短语归纳Section A Section B1. work with friends 与朋友学习/工作2. make words cards 制作单词卡3. read the textbook 读课本4. listen to tapes 听磁带5. ask sb. for help 向某人寻求帮助6. study for a test 为考试而学习7. learn a lot/ a little 学到许多/一点8. work/study with a group 小组学习9. watch videos 看录像10. have/ make a conversation with sb. 和某人谈话/对话11. read aloud 大声朗读12. be patient 耐心点be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心be patient of sth. 对某事有耐心反义词:impatient13. practice sth. / doing sth. 练习某事/做某事14. in that way 用那种方式15. improve my speaking skills提高我的说的技能speaking/reading/writing/listening skills口语/阅读/写作/听力技能16. spoken English 英语口语written English 英语书面语17. a little nervous 有点紧张18. finish sth. /doing sth. 完成某事/做完某事finish reading a book 读完一本书19. give a report 作报告20. a very slow reader 一个读书很慢的人21. get the main ideas 理解/弄清大意1. pronounce some the words读某些单词2. understand spoken English 明白英语口语3. increase to/by 增加到/了4. at the speed of ……的速度at full speed 全速increase my reading speed 提高我的阅读速度5. spell English words 拼写英语单词6. make mistakes in sth. 在某方面犯错误make mistakes in grammar 在语法方面犯错误mistake sb. for sb. 错把某人当成他人mistake sth. for sth. 错把某物当成他物by mistake 错误地7. get the pronunciation right 使发音正确;正确地发音8. get much writing practice 作许多写作练习9. join an English language club加入英语俱乐部10. have a partner to practice English with有一个练习英语的伙伴11. become a successful learner成为一个成功的学习者12. be born in/on+时间出生于……13. be born with 天生具有……14. the ability to do sth. 做某事的能力15. create v.创造—creation n.创造力—creative adj.有创造力的16. active adj.活跃的—activity n.活动17. whether or not 是否18. depend on 依赖,由……决定19. have sth. in common 有……共同点22. read word by word 一字一字地读23. read word groups 读词组/意群24. guess the meaning of the word 猜测这个单词的意义25. learn to do sth. 学会做某事26. learn sth. from sb. 向某人学习learn to learn English 学会学英语learn from mistakes 从错误中学习27. be like a bad dream 像一个恶梦28. most of the time 大多数时间29. find it adj. to do sth. 觉得做某事……30. find sb./sth. doing发现某人正在做某事/发现某事正在发生31. be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事be afraid of doing sth. 担心出现某种后果Eg: I am afraid to climb trees because I am afraid of falling down from the trees.我害怕爬树,担心从树上掉下来。
USB学习

1
位图
供电模式的选择
8
MaxPower
1
mA
设备从总线提取的最大电流
字段名称
说明
bLength
0x09
bDescriptorType
0x02
wTotalLength
返回的所有描述符(配置、接口和端点)的数据大小总和
bNumInterfaces
bConfigurationValue
数码相机控制器
影像设备类
USB Camera Controller
扫描仪控制器
影像设备类
视频控制器
影像设备类
USBVedio Controller
调制解调器
USB通信设备
USB Modern
USB-USB桥
通过USB实现PC互连
USB to USB bridge
字段名称
说明
bLength
0x12
bDescriptorType
U盘
Usb flash controller
ICSI, ALI,ALCOR
IDE控制器
移动硬盘
并口桥
USB转并口芯片
Usb to parallel bridge
串口桥
USB转串口芯片
Usb to serial bridge
读卡器
智能卡设备类
Usb smart card
ALI,ALCOR
音频控制器
音频设备类
设置(SETUP)
1101
启动一个方向为通过控制传输管道进行的数据传输,并且包含了设备地址和端点信号
数据包
数据0(DATA0)
0011
偶数据包
单韵母和声母相拼的音节词语学习资料

单韵母和声母相拼的音节词语单韵母和声母相拼的词语w\jy a p \b u p dp o m dy 1W^de w U 1 f mulu d u o lu cbo d iy i du 勺u h d i y ifu hu ①u o hu dnu a hu ach e q ich e b O u o h d u db o h diu a hu di e g ezi hu Q i a ji a a j iq i gu aq uj u q 1 xi aq u d d<i a zh d zi cu O v U lazh d zh izh u r eq ib a b a m a m a g u m a d a g u mum a m u t f a y i d a m 1b a g e n i t u t hu ob a y i b a tu b ihu a b ih u bb czi bch e cc esu o ch dnu a ch ch imich ik u y (ch i y c iq i c izhc ish a chu d i b di eo b a b izi cb o d a o岀 O i hu diu d idn u ch diu a ic i ch !Ziuq u ch U x ich U a ch U sh i j ich u cu cwu cu C e d a ch e d 爭 a d a u d eg e d d mi d qg u f a hu o f a l u ji a f a d a f o f u q ip i f u fu m u c J a li ge g e y igeg e zigu j、1 g u du g u p o gu dug U k u g u sh- u g u hu a g u sh 1 h a q、1h e h u h e ch a h e zu o h i e f a h e g e h e hu 0 h e sh i he t i m u e zi d a aj id a d u zi dee sh u d zi d up i d a■j i e l a j■ i j u hu a・” ・・j u zi j ud aj u zi hu 可u hu aj u j u shu o j u l ik a c a y a k e k ej 1 k e l 1 y 1 k ek e l e k e y i zu ok e k et i y ik b d b o w-iy ak de k U gu aktzi ch e u k Or e k u sh u l a ch e l a h i l ad u zi l a ba l 出1 l izi y a i l izii iq i q 3 i l i l fzh d l fzi l ush e l us e l u ch d f a u l u q i mdb u d Ona m il u m iy u m w umil u n d in a in ail n ig d n ib apazhe p u l i f a n u n tZi m Gsh u dsh u p pa pp iy i p cp o d cp o p cp o pole q if u q izi qizi xioq i q ig ey ish fhu a hu diu dt 1 sh fz i s ish u1 r izi rich u r ehu o q is ea zh uji ①e sh iq u sh it i a zi sh a u sh a i sh eh ea a sh dzi sh agua sh i ed eid i sh f u g U sh ishi u izi sh ig e sh izi shij iish i sh 1 ig e sh i sh iziU sh u fd:dsh usl h u sh d u q it a q il sh q i sh sh a m o sh sh q y u sh sh q i shsh ig e sh sh iz i lh esh i dsh d e shvji C sh ty u sh ish us iq u s ig e s i i s ich ut a de y izu d a mOt 1 t im u w a u w dd n twa h u i ch (x i x 1 a h (x u x u du oy a ba y a zi y dch 1 shu a y dy d shu a d a(d a u y U y i y u sh iy U mi m O y O u z d i z diu o f 迄ee i zh ish i sh iz i z i izh e g ezhy izh i b izh i zh ich i ch izizh e i zh ish i k esh i sh idesh ig e zh i q i zh i iy izh ibfzh i zh fy i zh ush e zh fzizhu azh u zhu ozhe zhu czizhu czh u zu d(i a x igu a x iz iz 1 z in uz id i d izi h tzi y izi z is e z is i z in u。
人教版九年级英语《记叙文阅读与指导》学习任务单(共2课时公开课导学案)及作业设计

人教版九年级英语《记叙文阅读与指导》学习任务单及作业设计第一课时【学习目标】1.阅读文本A Mother’s Day Card.2.通过文本中的语言,动作,神情分析人物。
3.通过人物情感态度的变化分析文本主题。
【学习准备】准备好学案阅读文本资源、笔和笔记本,做记录。
【学习方式和环节】听课学习,按老师指令完成相应的课上练习。
学习环节主要有:(1)认真聆听老师关于学习目标及记叙文的解读。
(2)阅读 A Mother’s Day Card,完成表格及问题。
(3)根据老师的讲解核对并修订自己的答案。
(4)完成课后作业。
【学习资源】A Mother’s Day Card“I wouldn’t buy that woman a Mother ’s Day card,if my life depended upon it,”said the woman standing in the greeting card aisle at Wal-Mart.I looked up and saw a look of total disgust and disappointment.Having been dropped off at a Florida orphanage at age four, I never knew what it felt like to have a mother or a father. Never once had I received a hug or a kiss from my parents. That portion of my life is a total blank.She looked up, saw me looking at her and screamed, “Just what are you looking at, idiot?”“Sorry Ma’am. I never had a mother and I was taken aback by your words.”“If you want the worthless woman, you can have her,”she replied.I reached over and picked up a nice-looking card, opened it and began to read, “Thank you just for being my mother.”“Do you think your mother would like that card? Mine would, I think,”I said.“Do you know what it is like to be yelled at for years and never be told that you are loved?”she asked.“My mother didn’t care enough about me to yell. She just took me to the orphanage and that’s where I stayed until I grew up.”I replied.“Don’t you hate her?”she asked.“Oh, I can’t hate her. She’s my mother. Being a mother is a position to be respected, even if your mother is not a very nice person.”I told her.The woman stood there shaking her head.Then she looked me straight in the eye and stared as hard as she could.I looked down at the floor and said, “I know your mother might have done a lot of things that you dislike. It appears you almost hate the woman. But I can tell you this from experience, that disliking her, or even hating her, feels nowhere near as lonely as never having known a mother at all —good or bad. At least you feel something. I feel nothing! It’s all just a large blank of loneliness inside my heart, and that’s how I’ll feel until I die.”The woman stood there for several seconds. Slowly, she reached out, and took the card from my hand, smelled it and placed it in her cart.After she left I picked out a nice card for my mother. I took it home, signed it and I placed it with the other Mother and Father ’s Days cards I have bought throughout the years.Their address is the same as mine. They live in the f ile cabinet inside a folder marked “UNKNOWN.”【作业设计】Passage OneAfter a lazy Christmas holiday, I had to recover from climbing stairs with carry-on bags and a suitcase. I looked up—Red tape crossed the door. I didn’t understand French, but the one English word said enough, "POLICE." Google Translate told me I would be caught if I entered, so I didn't.Finally, I called my rental agent (收租人).He went to the police station for more details. The thief had taken a few items from the top drawer as well as a small amount of money in the bo ttom drawer. Not only were my files undisturbed, but so were the TV and printer. My agent also said something about fixing the locks tomorrow and making a list for the police.Then one day, I remembered that I had left another jewelry box in the flat. My heart sank as I thought of a gold locket (项链坠) with a picture of my late Grandma inside. When I realized the box was missing, the whole experience seemed to crash down on me. I cried. At the end of January, I received a letter from the police. The thief hadn't been found, and the case was closed. I slept with my purse by my bed. I hid my laptop when I showered. And then another challenge came —I was unexpectedly fired by my company.One July night, I reached into my third drawer to pull out my jean shorts. I heard something fall to the ground. I looked down: It was the tiny jewelry box I thought had been stolen s ix months earlier. Inside was the locket with honey Grandma smiling at me, being there for me, telling me not to give up. I started to cry. I kne w that things were going to be OK.1. What did the red tape across the writer's door mean?A. The police had arrested the thief.B. The house couldn't be entered freely.C. The house was for sale.D. The writer didn't pay the rent on time.2. What did the agent promise to do?A. To fix the locks the next day.B. To report the thief to the police.C. To pay for the missing things for the writer.D. To help the writer rent another flat.3. Why did the writer cry again at last?A. She cried over her bad luck.B. She recalled the smiling of her grandma.C. She regained her confidence.D. She recovered the stolen jewelry box.Passage TwoThe Sixth Time I Went to the Principal’s OfficeWhen I was in the seventh grade, I had problems behaving. My heart was in the right place, but I couldn’t always follow the rules. I played many tricks on my schoolmates. Once, I even pulled a girl’s hair on the school bus to get her attention. As a result, I was repeatedly sent to the office of th e principal(校长). Although I hated going there, I did not hate the principal, Mr. Ratcliff.Mr. Ratcliff was a kind, elderly man. When he spanked(打屁股) me for putting some ants into a classmate’s pencil box, it didn’t hurt at all, but it did hurt my feelings. I thought so much of him and moments like that seemed to prove I was hopelessly bad.When I got called to Mr. Ratcliff ’s office for the sixth time, I had no idea what I had done. I felt disappointed as I walked down there. I went into his office, sat down, and looked at the floor. Then he said the last thing I expected to hear:”Kevin, I’ve heard you’ve been behaving really well lately. I want you to know how proud I am of you, and I just called you down to my office to give you a peppermint.”“Really?”I was surprised.“Yes. Now you can take that peppermint and go back to class.”I carried the peppermint with me as if it was a gold coin. When I got into my classroom, I bragged(吹嘘)to my classmates about my turnaround, excitedly. I wasn’t so bad after all.Mr. Ratcliff was really kind. He made me realize that I was just a kid who had problems with behavior.Hebought some peppermints and took the time to notice me when I got something -anything-right. Mr.Ratcliff gave me some hope by giving me some love. I will just remember him for the rest of my life.1. In his seventh grade, the writer __________.A. hated the principalB. had problems behavingC. always followed the rulesD. often helped his classmates2. How did the writer feel when he went to the principal’s office for the sixth time?A. Lonely.B. Excited.C. Confident.D. Disappointed.3. The sixth time the writer went to the principal’s office, he got __________.A. a peppermintB. a model busC. a pencil boxD. a coin4. The writer will always remember Mr. Ratcliff, because the principal __________.A. talked with him in the officeB. played games with himC. expected him to be a teacherD. gave him some hope and love【参考答案】Passage One:BACPassage Two:BDAD第二课时【学习目标】在新的材料情境中迁移运用记叙文的阅读方法。
怎样进行小发明_2022年学习资料
1加一加-加就是把几件东西加在一起,组合起来。-思考方法:-可在这件东西上添加些什么吗?需要加上更多时-间 次数吗?把它加高一些,加厚一些,行不行?把-这件东西跟其他东西组合在一起,会有什么结果?-汽车、房子、笔、 子、尺子、-感应器、手机、报纸..
扇子-电风扇-空调怎样进行小发明
3扩一扩-扩就是使空间扩大。-思考方法:-使这件东西放大,或使这件东西的某一部分或-几部分扩展,会怎么样呢 -房子、汽车、冰箱、雨伞...„
母子雨伞-自行车雨衣-以收
双层汽车-高层建筑-大算盘-返回
4缩一缩-缩就是使空间变小。-思考方法:-使这件东西压缩、缩小;或使这件东西的某部分-缩小,会怎么样呢?脑、饼干、雨伞、录音机„
一支普通的铅笔-1、笔杆印上卡通画,很讨小朋友喜欢。-2、铅笔做成棱形,放在桌子上就不会滚动了。-3、铅笔 的颜色很独特,这样跟别人的铅笔就不会搞混了。-返回
7联一联-一就是把两件相关的事情联系起来。-思考方法:-某个事物(某件东西或事情)的结果,跟它的起-因有什 联系,能从中找到解决问题的办法吗?把某-些东西或事情联系起来,能帮助我们达到什么目的-盒子与老鼠、奶瓶与猪 跷晓板与笔筒、-战争与?、磁性与?、太阳与?...
拉链:-拉链没有发明-以前,衣服上的纽-扣一般有5粒到7粒,-要一粒一粒扣上或-解开。-圆珠笔:-有的圆珠 为-了防止丢失笔套,-干脆去掉笔套,搞-了一个结构,让笔-尖缩进、推出。
明信片:-去掉了信封-明信片的发明-邮局职员把这件事反映到德国郎玫总局,建议对内容没有保-密性的硬纸片,采 不用信封的“赤膊”邮寄的方法,但这么好的建-议没有被采纳。-几年以后,1869年10月,奥地利政府发行了世 上第一张明信-HOI ARG-片,由于邯费便宜和手续简使,3个月里使出售了300多万张,受到-840AR比 人们的欢迎。-CMHID-明信片传到中国后,清政府在1897年也印制了明信片,并且在-RMILITIIYI AL-明信片上还印有邮票价格,这就更简便了,写上地址和内容后,就-可以直接投入邮筒中。-000000-中国 攻-非歧豹志-贸年球明信并-000-00-et0时an-199-1840年,英国政府采纳了罗兰-希尔的建议 采用由寄信人付邮授的-办法,并印制了“黑便士”邮票,从此人-们寄信方便多了。-1865年,德国有个画家,想 远方-的朋友致以节日的问候,他想写信不-如画张画寄去更有趣和有意义。于是他用一张硬卡纸,画了一幅-很别致和 意义的画,在背面写上祝贺节日的词句。他把它拿到-邮局去寄,邮局职员看了看画片说:“对不起,先生,我们没有这 -大的信封装您的画片呀!”这位画家非常珍爱自已的作品,不愿意-小启示明信片的发明,用的就是“诚一减”的方法 减去信封,-把它折起来塞进信封。这时邮局职员忽然灵机一动,说:“您把取-不用贴邮票。由于具有方便简单的优点 明信片才在世界各国-件人的姓名、地址写在画的背面,贴上邮票,不必装信封了。”西家-盛行不衰。所以说,“减一 ”发明法,是为了化复杂为简单,以-觉得这建议不错,就照办了。-带来方便。观察一下周围,看什么东西应该更简单 更好一些-16-返回
Unit 4 短语清单-鲁教版(五四学制)八年级英语下册
Section A1.by reading the textbook 通过读课文2.by asking the teacher for help 通过向老师寻求帮助3.have conversations with friends 和朋友对话4.What about /How about doing sth… 做……怎么样(表示提建议)5.read aloud to practice pronunciation 出声读来练习发音6.improve my speaking skills 改进谈话技巧7.spoken English 英语口语8.finish reading a book 读完一本书9.give a report 做报告10.s ound bad 听起来很糟糕11.g et the main idea 获得主要意思,获得大意12.a t first 首先13.read word by word 逐字阅读14.r ead word groups 读词组15.T he more you read, the faster you’ll be. 你读的越多,你将读的越快。
结构:The+比较级+主语+谓语,the+比较级+主语+谓语。
越……,越……16.f ind it difficult to learn English 发现学英语是困难的find it+adj(形容词)17.t he secret to language learning 英语学习的秘密18.b e like a bad dream 像个噩梦19.s peak so quickly that …..说地如此的快so+形容词+thatspeak—spoke ——spoken20.b e afraid to ask question 害怕问问题21.b ecause of my poor pronunciation 因为我糟糕的发音22.h ide behind my textbook 藏在我的课本后面hide---hid—hidden23.f all in love with sth/sb 爱上某事/某人24.b ody language 肢体语言25.t he expressions on their faces 他们脸上的表情26.a s well 也27.I t’s a piece of cake.小菜一碟28.I t serves you right. 你活该。
《英汉翻译学习指南
4.连接词的省译
英语注重句子结构的紧凑严密,以形显义,而汉语则精炼,并列连词较少用,所以英译汉的时候很多情况省略连词。
连接词:关系代词: that, which, who;关系副词:when, where, how;并列连词:or, and, but; 从属连词:because, since, when
8.动词转换为名词
英译汉: This film impressed me deeply. 这部电影给我留下了深刻的印象。
汉译英:
e.g. 1) 本课程的目的是………. The course aims at…….
2)我的意思是……. I meant to…….
二、 英语形容词与汉语动词的相互转换
1. 表心理状态的形容词转译为汉语中表心理的动词。形容词作表语时:sure, certain, ignorant, thankful, able etc.
e.g. She went to work without breakfast. 她没吃早餐就去上班了。
汉译英时则相反
e.g. 这边文章我看不懂 。 This article is beyond my comprehension.
五、 名词与形容词的相互转换
1. 英译汉名词作表语或宾语时,可以译为形容词。
重点:
名词与动词间的转换r
难点:
名词与形容词的转换
基本内容
名词与动词间的转换,名词与形容词的转换
学习要求
1. 英汉两种语言在此类的使用频率存在差异
2. 掌握在语词翻译过程中各种词类间的转换技巧
学习参考资料
二、名词与动词之间的转换
7.名词转换为动词
英语中大量由动词派生而来的名词和具有动作意义的名词,在翻译时可以译为汉语的动词。
经鼻内镜泪囊鼻腔吻合术学习曲线的研究
•临床研究•经鼻内镜泪囊鼻腔吻合术学习曲线的研究张海涛杨佳俊李淑婷【摘要】目的探讨和分析经鼻内镜泪囊鼻腔吻合术(EDCR)的学习曲线,为术者循序渐进地开展该手术提供参考。
方法回顾性分析我院同一主刀医生从2012年)月至2020年)月连续开展的117例(12只眼)经鼻内镜泪囊鼻腔吻合术患者的资料,借助累积和分析法(CUSUM)得到学习曲线,分析比较术前及术后各项指标。
结果将由CUSUM统计学方法得到的学习曲线分为学习期、能力增强期、成熟期。
学习期包括第)到第43例手术;能力增强期包括第47到第66例手术;成熟期包括第67到第117例手术。
8个时期的基线资料无统计学差异(P>0.45),3个时期的手术时间、出血量、手术成功率均有统计学差异(P<0.45)。
结论经过48例EDCR,术者可以基本度过EDCR的学习期,手术操作超过66例可以到达成熟期。
【关键词】鼻内镜泪囊鼻腔吻合术;手术成功率;学习曲线[临床眼科杂志,202),29:69] The learning curve of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy Zhang Haitao,Yang Jiajun,Li Shu-ting9.1Department cf Ophtalmology,The First^filiated Hospital qf Guangdong Pharmaceutical University,Guaagzhou 52414,China;DepaanieP of Ophtealmology,tap Third^filiated Hospital of Soochon UnwersPe,Chaagzhon213004-China [Abstrnct]Objective To analyze the learning curve of endoscopic dacryocystorhinosWmy(EDCR),so as to provide reference for odhthalAologists to car-out the opeetion step by step.Methods The data of117 patients who underwent EDCR by the same surgeon in our hospimi from Januae2016to Januae2020were remospecUvely analyzedc According to the operaUon date,the learning curve was ohmined by cumuAtive sum analysis(CUSUM)using the Prism software.The learning curve was divideX into three stages,and the preoperative and posmpeeUve data were analyzed and comhared. Rescltc The learning curve ohmined by CUSUM statistical method is divided into three periods,incluPing the learning period,aUiAm endancement heriod and mature peeod.The learning heriod incluXed)to48operanons;the aUiAm enhance-ment heriod includeX47to66operanons;and the mature period incluXed67to117opeeUons.There was no significant diRerence in baseAne data among the three periods(P<4.45),but there were significant diReences in opeetion Ume, blood loss and success rate among the three periods(P<4. 45).Conclusions OphthalAologists could basically pass the learning period of EDCR after43surgical cases,and could reach the mature stage after more than66cases.【Key worht]Endoscopic UaceocysWrhi/osWmy:Success rate of opeetion;Learning curve[J Clin Ophthalmol,202),29:69]1224年Toil等报道了第一例泪囊鼻腔吻合术(daceocysmrhidosWmy,DCR):该术式历经多年的改进,已成为治疗鼻泪管阻塞和泪囊炎的金标准,但该术式仍然存在损伤大及面部留疤的不足。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
我们供应的金华达氙气大灯总成有哪几款?1.奥迪A6 02款奥迪A6 03款 2000 40002.别克GL83.别克老款君威4.帕萨特B5 1.8、2.0T5.帕萨特领驭6.丰田霸道 4000、2700 1800 30007.雪佛兰乐风8.现代途胜9.宝来10.福克斯11.速腾 1750 280012.捷达王 1500 2000氙气灯与普通的灯泡有什么区别?1、功率2、亮度3、发光原理:……4、耐用时间5、色温汽车改装的法规?2008年,公安部对《机动车登记规定》进行了修订,修订版将于2008年10月1日起施行,其中对机动车改装方面的限制有所放宽。
今年10月1日起,修订后的《机动车登记规定》(以下简称“新规”)即将实行,其中引人注意的是机动车改装方面限制的“松动”,包括更换发动机和车身车架在内的改装都明文规定可以在改装后再行登记。
据悉,新规实施后,车主不再为改装车的年检和上牌而担忧了。
在新规中,最引人注意的就是明确规定,汽车的变更内容可涉及“改变车身颜色、更换发动机、更换车身或者车架”。
据了解,在旧规中,汽车改装前要填写《机动车变更登记申请表》,并向所在地车管所递交机动车所有人和代理人的身份证明及复印件、机动车登记证书、机动车行驶证等一系列证件,在审批通过后方可进行改装。
而改装后还需去车管所重新登记相关改动信息。
改装造成车体外观有变化的,还需要重新拍照、打印新行驶证。
新规则规定,10月1日后车主如需改变车身颜色、更换发动机、更换车身或车架,可于变更后十日内直接向车辆管理所办理变更登记。
车管所须在受理当日为车主办理相关手续,包括在机动车登记证书上签注变更事项,收回行驶证,核发新行驶证。
法规放宽,不是解禁事实上,修订后的《机动车登记规定》虽然放宽了汽车改装的内容,但对改装车的规范仍有严格的要求。
这就意味着,不是只要改了就一定审批得出,还要符合国家的相关规定。
修订后的《机动车登记规定》只是简化了手续,对改装略有放宽,但不意味着机动车能随意改变车辆登记时的结构和参数。
像私开天窗、改装成越野车、改引擎盖等情况的车子,都不在允许改装的范围之内。
安装采用原车的线路接口,采用原车的安装方式,直接更换大灯总成,就跟换配件一样。
不需要打孔、不需要拉线、不需要剪线。
即使试用不满意,也可以100%还原。
目前还没有哪个车主试用后,不接受的。
氙气灯行业主要厂商有哪些?海拉、飞利浦、欧斯朗 金华达 广州金诺杭州嘉斯蒙 海迪氙气灯的全称是HID气体放电灯,它发光原理是利用正负电刺激氙气(XENON)与稀有金属化学反应发光,因此你会发现在HID灯泡的灯管内有一颗小小的玻璃球,这其中就是灌满了氙气及少许稀有金属,只要用电流去刺激它们进行化学反应,两者就会发出高达4000K色温度的光芒,这不但是传统卤素灯(3000~3800K色温度之间)在所难以望其项背的光度,4000K其实也是最接近正午日光的色温,最能让人眼感觉舒服的光度。
此外,由于氙气分子活动能力会随着使用时间的加长而越趋活泼,因此气体放电灯泡是会越用越亮。
传统钨丝车灯用12伏特的电压启动让它发光;但是要是用来刺激氙气发光,是绝对不够的,所以,真正的HID气体放电灯,要有一颗电压安定器,12V电压升压到23000V,用在刚开启电源时的瞬间刺激氙气达到高亮度,接着再将电压转成75V,稳定持续供应氙气灯泡发光。
通常在计算亮度的单位称之为“流明度(Lumen)”,氙气灯可以输出高达3200Lumen的亮度,而一般卤素灯泡最多也只能产生1000Lumen上下的亮度;HID高出传统卤素灯三倍的亮度效率,对于提升夜间及雾中驾驶视线清晰度有著明显的功效。
而一般人有一种错误观念,认为K 值越高就一定比较亮;其实,所谓的色温只是在解释何种温度下所产生的光色,温度越低,色温会偏红,反之则偏蓝,而在4000K左右的光色正好是最白略微开始转蓝的色温,也最接近正午日光的颜色,人眼的接受度及舒适度最高。
这样的灯光用在车辆的夜间照明上,可以有效减少驾驶人的视觉疲劳,对于驾车安全性也间接有所助益。
大家可能都遇过车上的卤素灯忽然不亮,结果是钨丝烧断的情形。
的确,因为卤素灯的发光原理是用钨丝发热所致,而钨丝在长久的高热下,难保不烧断损坏;而氙气灯是利用电流刺激气体发光,基本上不会产生过高温度,所以只要其中的氙气还没用完,它就可以一直正常发光,不易损坏!根据一项研究显示,就算品质再高的卤素灯泡,最多也只能连续使用400小时;而利用气体发光的氙气灯泡,最少都有2500小时的使用寿命,也就代表您在正常的用车条件下,一组HID气体放电灯足够您用上6年有多!选择车灯安全最重要,汽车照明设备不光是车主自己的事情,而且关系到公路夜间的行使环境、秩序,甚至影响到其他车辆和行人的安全。
目前氙气灯按色温分有多种型号:4300K、6000K、8000K以及10000K。
由于6000K以上的灯光太白太亮,穿透力一般,因此在美国、欧洲、日本等国都禁止使用6000K以上的车灯,怕给行人和其他车辆带来危险。
湘A土匪建议顾客装4300K的氙气灯,因为这种灯的色温无论在雨天或是大雾环境下都具有很强的穿透力。
同时由于自身光线的亮度,可以大大缓和驾驶员感受到对方前大车灯照射过来的耀眼眩光。
金华达生产的氙气灯(HID)的性能优点:1、亮度高:三倍亮度输出。
通常在计算亮度的单位称之为“流明度(Lumen)”,P氙气大灯可以输出高达3200Lumen的亮度。
一般的 55W 卤素灯只能产生 1000 流明的光,而 35W 氙气灯能产生 3200 流明的强光,亮度提升 300% ,高出传统卤素灯三倍的亮度效率,对于提升夜间及雾中驾驶视线清晰度有著明显的功效。
拥有超长及超广角的宽广视野,为你带来前所未有的驾车舒适感;让夜晚不再黑暗,视野更清晰,可大大减少行车事故率。
2、寿命长:数倍产品寿命。
HID 氙气灯是利用电子激发气体发光,因此寿命较长,约为 3000 小时,大幅度超越汽车夜间行驶的总时数。
而卤素灯只有 500 小时。
大家可能都遇过车上的卤素灯忽然不亮,结果是钨丝烧断的情形。
的确,因为卤素灯的发光原理是用钨丝发热所致,而钨丝在长久的高热下,难保不烧断损坏;而氙气灯是利用电流刺激气体发光,基本上不会产生过高温度,所以只要其中的氙气还没用完,它就可以一直正常发光,不易损坏!根据一项研究显示,就算品质再高的卤素灯泡,最多也只能连续使用400小时;而利用气体发光的氙气灯泡,最少都有2500小时的使用寿命,也就代表您在正常的用车条件下,一组HID气体放电灯足够您用上6年有多!3、节电性强:约1/2的电力消耗。
氙气灯只有 35W ,而发出的是 55W 卤素灯 3 - 5 倍以上的光,大减轻汽车电力系统的负荷,电力损耗节省 40% ,相应提高了车辆性能。
一般车辆原厂的卤素大灯大都需要耗费60W上下的电力,而有些品牌的HID气体放电大灯组在安定器的稳定运作下,平均只需要3 5W的电力来供应氙气灯泡发光;至于省下的电力,不就等于间接省下了油钱吗?4、色温度舒适度高,色温性好:有 4300K-12000K 等, 6000K 接近日光,深受广大用户的好评,而卤素灯只有 3000K ,光色暗淡发红。
前面提过,氙气大灯可以制造出4000K左右的色温光,而一般人有一种错误观念,认为K值越高就一定比较亮;其实,所谓的色温只是在解释何种温度下所产生的光色,温度越低,色温会偏红,反之则偏蓝,而4000K左右的光色正好是最白略微开始转蓝的色温,也最接近正午日光的颜色,人眼的接受度及舒适度最高。
这样的灯光用在车辆的夜间照明上,可以有效减少驾驶人的视觉疲劳,对于驾车安全性也间接有所助益。
5、美观:多种色温可供选择6、通用性:产品规格齐全:适用各式车种,包括所有的国产车、欧美日车系。
7、恒定输出,安全可靠:当发生事故时,或汽车的供电系统和电池出现故障,高压包内的感知电路能立刻把高压电切断,镇流器自动关闭停止工作。
以保护人员安全。
高绝缘性的电线以及防电磁干扰的设计使你高枕无优。
8、冷光光源:HID属于冷光光源,不发热,不会造成过热损坏汽车部件。
9、安装方便:只需要把氙气灯头插入原有灯孔,固定高压包,接上电源线即可。
不需改动车辆原有部件。
传统卤素灯和HID的比较:参数氙气灯传统卤素灯耗电量35W60W光通亮3200Lm1300Lm色温4200—12000K2400—3600K使用寿命2500hr200hr温度-40℃←→+105℃.4300K,6000K,8000K,12000K是指他的色温度,所谓色温度是指他在什么温度下所呈现的光色,通常人们有一种误解,认为K数越高,亮度越高,其实亮度的表示单位是流明度(),而HID的亮度一般都是在3200流明度左右,也就是说HID的亮度都是一样,只是所呈现的颜色不同,4300K是白带一点黄色,6000K是白略带一点蓝,8000K是比较蓝,12000K已经呈现青色,而我们知道,颜色越深穿透力越差,12000K的照射效果太差,8000K 虽然很炫,但照射效果比较差,不推荐使用,6000K的颜色比较炫,也不是很刺目,推荐使用,4300K的照射效果最好,穿透力也最好,推荐使用,尤其是雨天雾天较多的地区。
4300K的发白黄色,无论雨天雾天效果都不错,但是没有6000K的视觉效果好,6000K的是发白色,雨天雾天效果就很差了,但是视觉效果好;4300K的穿透力要比6000 K的强很多!(所有高档车,如奔驰,宝马,奥迪,陆虎,凯迪拉克。
全部是4300K的色温)目前,基于某些车型电路的特殊性,若只是采用过去的通用方法改装氙气灯,将可能出现以下现象:一、滤波信号干扰,导致电脑芯片故障。
譬如:在行驶中变光熄火(现代御翔),电脑主板被烧毁(别克君越),大众速腾出现HID灯闪烁。
二、照明系统自检提示,氙气灯35W低功率导致仪表台故障灯报警。
譬如:奔驰系列、宝马系列、奥迪系列、沃尔沃系列等高档车型。
三、灯泡卡座特殊,通用灯泡无法固定安装。
譬如:宝马5系列、3系列。
奥德赛、东方之子、大众速腾等。
四、造成干扰CD机、收音机音响信号(帕萨特1.8T等)。
上述现象随着新车型的不断上市,会越来越多,如不能及时提供解决方案,轻者会影响经销商的正常业务,重者会出现损坏车辆配件等问题。
因此,我公司经过大量的市场调查及实践操作,针对经常出现问题的车型,特作出专车专用HID,使公司的客户得到更安全,更快捷的服务。
为广大经销商安心经营金华达系列氙气大灯业务提供了可靠的解决方案!这款产品结构外形美观、轻巧、通用性极高,解决了安装麻烦,结构性、技术性能方面的重大缺陷造成的干扰和自身的损坏等问题。
这款产品突出的特点主要有两方面:一、灯头采用一主件、多配件配合的全屏蔽D1式多用途组合灯头,可以解决全屏蔽电磁干扰、辐射干扰、传导干扰,没有高压线和安装线方便安装;二、安定器是圆形的超薄产品,采用全数字式变频技术,出线结构独特、巧妙,超薄圆形的设计可与90%以上的防水胶圈配合成一体化,结构严密、合理、美观、时尚。