托福独立写作

主题句：中心思想，功能在于交代文章主题并且表达作者观点。

1.

2.不易过于针对，

3.表明作者立场观点，不能陈述

4.

首尾呼应，主题始终如一

总结，重申主题句，总结分论点，升华主题，建议，预测

To begin with, 主题句，理由，例子，my roommate Lily’s experience is a good case in point. Simply put, 小结句

Furthermore....take ....as an example....needless to say that

Should类2选1

利弊类比较类3选1

4选1

题型

绝对词汇最高级

原因类今昔对比频率

社会现象

第一种：

开头段：转述题目+给出观点

分论点1

分论点2

分论点3

结尾段：重申观点

第二种：

开头段：转述题目+给出观点

让步，反驳

分论点2

分论点3

结尾段：重申观点

主题句-支持句-结论句

科技---改变了人们吃穿住行各个方面

经济--经济发展，选择增加

教育--教育水平上升，素质增加

观念--由保守变开放

关键词：should, important, essential, necessary

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Drivers should pay a certain amount of fee to drive on the city streets during the busiest hours of

a day.

Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Young people should take several kinds of jobs before they take a career in a long term.

Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

主题段段落扩展

should类型常用论证方式：因果论证

提出论点--提出原因--分析条件（好处或者坏处）--得出结果

注意事项：1.事态和人称（全文都不能用第二人称）

2.要简洁，扣紧主题

原则：每个论点都要有理由，每个理由都要有例子，每个例子都要有细节。

例子的功能（比较各种例子优缺点）

一例与多例一样

物例与事例一样

真例子和假例子一样

本人例子与别人例子一样

中国例子和外国例子一样

比较题类型

关键词：比较级+than(more adj than better ) rather than or

Which contributes the most to an enjoyable vacation Good food, good location, good friends to travel with?

对比认证

1.让步式

一.反驳

二.A+1

三.A+2

2.分点式

一.A+1，B-1

二.A+2，B-2

三.A+3，B-3

对比内容：有无对比，优劣对比，今昔对比

常见衔接词:on the contrary; in/by contrast; on the other hand; however, nevertheless;but; yet; instead,whereas,while,conversely

Happy with a job

High salary:1.成就感

2.高收入

3.-

绝对词题：

最高级：best, most

频率：never ,no longer,

范围：only all

可能性：Impassible

University education is the most important factor in a person’s success

让步段

让步段，先说b加再反驳

说完论点之后写论述，不能直接加例子

同义替换，

连贯性：包含前一句的内容连接词，后一句

例子和论点相关，例子要细，有细节，像什么answer all the question in the interview in an efficientway, which impressed her interviewer deeply.

引例子一句话，说明例子2-3句，小结句1句

道理一步一步推，例子有细节。

However前：however后8:2 however后很少内容

分论点：不要写从句，不需要解释理由，就一句简单句理由2-3句引例子1句解释例子2-3 小结句1

避免跟主题太接近

1.让步

找到most important，承认university education 很重要转折

2.替代方案1--perseverance

3.替代方案2--the ability to build and maintain networks

All---however, it does not mean all high-school students have to take them.

Never---however,there are some special cases in which we should not be required to keep polite. 作业：most business people are only motivated by the desire for money.

Good looks and dresses are more important for success than good ideas.