2005年6月英语六级真题及答案

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2024年6月大学英语六级考试真题和答案(第1套)

2024年6月大学英语六级考试真题和答案（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “There is a growing awareness of the importance of digital literacy and skills in today’s world.” You can make comments, cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. You should copy the sentence given in quotes at the beginning of your essay.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Reply to the man’s last proposal within a short time.B) Sign the agreement if one small change is made to it.C) Make a sponsorship deal for her client at the meeting.D) Give the man some good news regarding the contract.2. A) They are becoming impatient.B) They are afraid time is running out.C) They are used to making alterations.D) They are concerned about the details.3. A) To prevent geographical discrimination.B) To tap the food and beverage market.C) To avoid any conflict of interest.D) To reduce unfair competition.4. A) It is a potential market for food and beverage.B) It is very attractive for real estate developers.C) It is a negligible market for his company.D) It is very different from other markets.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) They are thrilled by a rare astronomic phenomenon.B) They are celebrating a big event on mountain tops.C) They are enthusiastic about big science-related stories.D) They are joined by astronomers all across North America.6. A) It will be the most formidable of its kind in over a century.B) It will come closest to Earth in more than one hundred years.C) It will eclipse many other such events in human history.D) It will be seen most clearly from Denver’s mountain tops.7. A) A blur.B) Stars.C) The edge of our galaxy.D) An ordinary flying object.8. A) Use professional equipment.B) Climb to the nearby heights.C) Fix their eyes due north.D) Make use of phone apps.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Whether consumers should be warned against ultra-processed foods.B) Whether there is sufficient scientific consensus on dietary guidelines.C) Whether guidelines can form the basis for nutrition advice to consumers.D) Whether food scientists will agree on the concept of ultra-processed foods.10. A) By the labor cost for the final products.B) By the degree of industrial processing.C) By the extent of chemical alteration.D) By the convention of classification.11. A) Increased consumers’ expenses.B) Greater risk of chronic diseases.C) People’s misunderstanding of nutrition.D) Children’s dislike for unprocessed foods.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) They begin to think of the benefits of constraints.B) They try to seek solutions from creative people.C) They try hard to maximize their mental energy.D) They begin to see the world in a different way.13. A) It is characteristic of all creative people.B) It is essential to pushing society forward.C) It is a creative person’s response to limitation.D) It is an impetus to socio-economic development.14. A) Scarcity or abundance of resources has little impact on people’s creativity.B) Innovative people are not constrained in connecting unrelated concepts.C) People have no incentive to use available resources in new ways.D) Creative people tend to consume more available resources.15. A) It is key to a company’s survival.B) It shapes and focuses problems.C) It is essential to meeting challenges.D) It thrives best when constrained.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) Because they are learned.B) Because they come naturally.C) Because they have to be properly personalized.D) Because there can be more effective strategies.17. A) The extent of difference and of similarity between the two sides.B) The knowledge of the specific expectation the other side holds.C) The importance of one’s goals and of the relationship.D) The approaches one adopts to conflict management.18. A) The fox.B) The owl.C) The shark.D) The turtle.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Help save species from extinction and boost human health.B) Understand how plants and animals perished over the past.C) Help gather information publicly available to researchers.D) Find out the cause of extinction of Britain’s 66,000 species.20. A) It was once dominated by dinosaurs.B) It has entered the sixth mass extinction.C) Its prospects depend on future human behaviour.D) Its climate change is aggravated by humans.21. A) It dwarfs all other efforts to conserve, protect and restorebiodiversity on earth.B) It is costly to get started and requires the joint efforts of thousands of scientists.C) It can help to bring back the large numbers of plants and animals that have gone extinct.D) It is the most exciting, most relevant, most timely and most internationally inspirational.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Cultural identity.B) Social evolution.C) The Copernican revolution.D) Human individuality.23. A) It is a delusion to be disposed of.B) It is prevalent even among academics.C) It is a myth spread by John Donne’s poem.D) It is rooted in the mindset of the 17th century.24. A) He believes in Copernican philosophical doctrines about the universe.B) He has gained ample scientific evidence at the University of Reading.C) He has found that our inner self and material self are interconnected.D) He contends most of our body cells can only live a few days or weeks.25. A) By coming to see how disruptive such problems have got to be.B) By realising that we all can do our own bit in such endeavours.C) By becoming aware that we are part of a bigger world.D) By making joint efforts resolutely and persistently.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.It’s quite remarkable how different genres of music can spark unique feelings, emotions, and memories. Studies have shown that music can reduce stress and anxiety before surgeries and we are all attracted toward our own unique life soundtrack.If you’re looking to____26____stress, you might want to give classical music a try.The sounds of classical music produce a calming effectletting____27____pleasure-inducing dopamine (多巴胺) in the brain thathelps control attention, learning and emotional responses.It can also turn down the body’s stress response, resulting in an overall happier mood. It turns out a pleasant mood can lead to____28____in a person’s thinking.Although there are many great____29____of classical music like Bach, Beethoven and Handel, none of these artists’ music seems to have the same health effects as Mozart’s does. According to researchers, listening to Mozart can increase brain wave activity and improve____30____function. Another study found that the distinctive features of Mozart’s music trigger parts of the brain that are responsible for high-level mental functions. Even maternity____31____use Mozart to help newborn babies adapt to life outside of the mother’s belly.It has been found that listening to classical music____32____reduces a person’s blood pressure. Researchers believe that the calming sounds of classical music may help your heart____33____from stress. Classical music can also be a great tool to help people who have trouble sleeping. One study found that students who had trouble sleeping slept better while they were listening to classical music.Whether classical music is something that you listen to on a regular basis or not, it wouldn’t____34____to take time out of your day to listen to music that you find____35____. You will be surprised at how good it makes you feel and the potentially positive change in your health.A) alleviateB) clarityC) cognitiveD) composersE) hurtF) inhibitingG) interrogationH) intrinsicallyI) looseJ) majesticK) mandatoryL) recoverM) significantlyN) soothingO) wardsSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2.The Curious Case of the Tree That Owns ItselfA) In the city of Athens, Georgia, there exists a rather curious local landmark—a large white oak that is almost universally stated to own itself. Because of this, it is considered one of the most famous trees in the world. So how did this tree come to own itself and the land around it?B) Sometime in the 19th century a Georgian called Colonel William Jackson reportedly took a liking to the said tree and endeavored to protect it from any danger. As to why he loved it so, the earliest documented account of this story is an anonymously written front page article in the Athens Weekly Banner published on August 12, 1890. It states, “Col. Jackson had watched the tree grow from his childhood, and grew to love it almost as he would a human. Its luxuriant leaves and sturdy limbs had often protected him from the heavy rains,and out of its highest branches he had many a time gotten the eggs of the feathered singers.He watched its growth, and when reaching a ripe old age he saw the tree standing in its magnificent proportions, he was pained to think that after his death it would fall into the hands of those who might destroy it.”C) Towards this end, Jackson transferred by means of a deed ownership of the tree and a little land around it to the tree itself. The deed read, “W. H. Jackson for and in consideration of the great affection which he bears the said tree, and his great desire to see it protected has conveyed unto the said oak tree entire possession of itself and of all land within eight feet of it on all sides.”D) In time, the tree came to be something of a tourist attraction, known as The Tree That Owns Itself. However, in the early 20th century, the tree started showing signs of its slow death,with little that could be done about it. Father time comes for us all eventually, even our often long lived, tall and leafy fellow custodians (看管者) of Earth. Finally, on October 9,1942, the over 30 meter tall and 200-400 year old tree fell, rumor has it, as a result of a severe windstorm and/or via having previously died and its roots rotted.E) About four years later, members of the Junior Ladies Garden Club (who’d tended to the tree before its unfortunate death) tracked down a small tree grown from a nut taken from the original tree. And so it was that on October 9, 1946, under the direction of Professor Roy Bowden of the College of Agriculture at the University of Georgia, this little tree was transplanted to the location of its ancestor. A couple of months later, an official ceremony was held featuring none other than the Mayor of Athens, Robert L McWhorter, to commemorate the occasion.F) This new tree became known as The Son of the Tree That Owns Itself and it was assumed that, as the original tree’s heir, it naturally inherited the land it stood on. Of course, there are many dozens of othertrees known to exist descending from the original, as people taking a nut from it to grow elsewhere was a certainty. Thatsaid, to date, none of the original tree’s other children have petitioned the courts for their share of the land, so it seems all good. In any event, The Son of the Tree That Owns Itself still stands today, though often referred to simply as The Tree That Owns Itself.G) This all brings us around to whether Jackson ever actually gave legal ownership of the tree to itself in the first place and whether such a deed is legally binding.H) Well, to begin with, it turns out Jackson only spent about three years of his life in Athens,starting at the age of 43 from 1829 to 1832, sort of dismissing the idea that he loved the tree from spending time under it as a child and watching it grow, and then worrying about what would happen to it after he died. Further, an extensive search of land ownership records in Athens does not seem to indicate Jackson ever owned the land the tree sits on.I) He did live on a lot of land directly next to it for those three years, but whether he owned that land or not isn’t clear. Whatever the case, in 1832 a four acre parcel, which included the land the tree was on and the neighboring land Jackson lived on, among others, was sold to University professor Malthus A Ward. In the transaction, Ward was required to pay Jackson a sum of $1,200 (about $31,000 today), either for the property itself or simply in compensation for improvements Jackson had made on the lot. In the end, whether he ever owned the neighboring lot or was simply allowed to use it while he allegedly worked at the University, he definitely never owned the lot the tree grew on, which is the most important bit for the topic at hand.J) After Professor Ward purchased the land, Jackson and his family purchased a 655 acre parcel a few miles away and moved there. Ten years later, in 1844, Jackson seemed to have come into financial difficulties and had his little plantation seized by the Clarke County Sheriff’s office and auctioned off to settle the mortgage. Thus, had he owned some land in Athens itself, including the land the tree sat on, presumably he would have sold it to raise funds or otherwise had it taken as well.K) And whatever the case there, Jackson would have known property taxes needed to be paid on the deeded land for the tree to be truly secure in its future. Yet no account or record indicates any trust or the like was set up to facilitate this.L) On top of all this, there is no hard evidence such a deed ever existed, despite the fact that deed records in Athens go back many decades before Jackson’s death in 1876 and that it was supposed to have existed in 1890 in the archives according to the original anonymous news reporter who claims to have seen it.M) As you might imagine from all of this, few give credit to this sideof the story. So how did all of this come about then?N) It is speculated to have been invented by the imagination of the said anonymous author at the Athens Weekly Banner in the aforementioned 1890 front page article titled “Deeded to Itself”, which by the way contained several elements that are much more easily proved to be false. As to why the author would do this, it’s speculated perhaps it was a 19th century version of a click-bait thought exercise on whether it would be legal for someone to deed such a non-conscious living thing to itself or not.O) Whatever the case, the next known instance of the Tree That Owns Itself being mentioned wasn’t until 1901 in the Centennial Edition of that same paper, the Athens Weekly Banner. This featured another account very clearly just copying the original article published about a decade before, only slightly reworded. The next account was in 1906, again in the Athens Weekly Banner, again very clearly copying the original account, only slightly reworded, the 19th century equivalent of re-posts when the audience has forgotten about the original.36. Jackson was said to have transferred his ownership of the oak tree to itself in order to protect it from being destroyed.37. No proof has been found from an extensive search that Jackson had ever owned the land where the oak tree grew.38. When it was raining heavily, Jackson often took shelter under a big tree that is said to own itself.39. There is no evidence that Jackson had made arrangements to pay property taxes for the land on which the oak tree sat.40. Professor Ward paid Jackson over one thousand dollars when purchasinga piece of land from him.41. It is said the tree that owned itself fell in a heavy windstorm.42. The story of the oak tree is suspected to have been invented as a thought exercise.43. Jackson’s little plantation was auctioned off to settle his debt in the mid-19th century.44. An official ceremony was held to celebrate the transplanting of a small tree to where its ancestor had stood.45. The story of the Tree That Owns Itself appeared in the local paper several times, with slight alterations in wording.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.It is irrefutable that employees know the difference between right and wrong. So why don’t more employees intervene when they see someone exhibiting at-risk behavior in the workplace?There are a number of factors that influence whether people intervene. First, they need to be able to see a risky situation beginning to unfold. Second, the company’s culture needs to make them feel safe to speak up. And third, they need to have the communication skills to say something effectively.This is not strictly a workplace problem; it’s a growing problem off the job too. Every day people witness things on the street and choose to stand idly by. This is known as the bystander effect—the more people who witness an event, the less likely anyone in that group is to help the victim. The psychology behind this is called diffusion of responsibility. Basically, the larger the crowd, the more people assume that someone else will take care of it—meaning no one effectively intervenes or acts in a moment of need.This crowd mentality is strong enough for people to evade their known responsibilities. But it’s not only frontline workers who don’t make safety interventions in the workplace. There are also instances where supervisors do not intervene either.When a group of employees sees unsafe behavior not being addressed at a leadership level it creates the precedent that this is how these situations should be addressed, thus defining the safety culture for everyone.Despite the fact that workers are encouraged to intervene when they observe unsafe operations, this happens less than half of the time. Fear is the ultimate factor in not intervening. There is a fear of penalty, a fear that they’ll have to do more work if they intervene. Unsuccessful attempts in the past are another strong contributing factor to why people don’t intervene—they tend to prefer to defer that action to someone else for all future situations.On many worksites, competent workers must be appointed. Part of their job is to intervene when workers perform a task without the proper equipment or if the conditions are unsafe. Competent workers are also required to stop work from continuing when there’s a danger.Supervisors also play a critical role. Even if a competent person isn’t required, supervisors need a broad set of skills to not only identify and alleviate workplace hazards but also build a safety climate within their team that supports intervening and open communication among them.Beyond competent workers and supervisors, it’s important to educate everyone within the organization that they are obliged to intervene ifthey witness a possible unsafe act, whether you’re a designated competent person, a supervisor or a frontline worker.46. What is one of the factors contributing to failure of intervention in face of risky behavior in the workplace?A) Slack supervision style.B) Unfavorable workplace culture.C) Unforeseeable risk.D) Blocked communication.47. What does the author mean by “diffusion of responsibility” (Line 4, Para. 3)?A) The more people are around, the more they need to worry about their personal safety.B) The more people who witness an event, the less likely anyone will venture to participate.C) The more people idling around on the street, the more likely they need taking care of.D) The more people are around, the less chance someone will step forward to intervene.48. What happens when unsafe behavior at the workplace is not addressed by the leaders?A) No one will intervene when they see similar behaviors.B) Everyone will see it as the easiest way to deal with crisis.C) Workers have to take extra caution executing their duties.D) Workers are left to take care of the emergency themselves.49. What is the ultimate reason workers won’t act when they see unsafe operations?A) Preference of deferring the action to others.B) Anticipation of leadership intervention.C) Fear of being isolated by coworkers.D) Fear of having to do more work.50. What is critical to ensuring workplace safety?A) Workers be trained to operate their equipment properly.B) Workers exhibiting at-risk behavior be strictly disciplined.C) Supervisors create a safety environment for timely intervention.D) Supervisors conduct effective communication with frontline workers.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The term “environmentalist” can mean different things. It used to refer to people trying to protect wildlife and natural ecosystems. In the 21st century, the term has evolved to capture the need to combat human-made climate change.The distinction between these two strands of environmentalism is thecause of a split within the scientific community about nuclear energy.On one side are purists who believe nuclear power isn’t worth the risk and the exclusive solution to the climate crisis is renewable energy. The opposing side agrees that renewables are crucial, but says society needs an amount of power available to meet consumers’ basic demands when the sun isn’t shining and the wind isn’t blowing. Nuclear energy, being far cleaner than oil, gas and coal, is a natural option, especially where hydroelectric capacity is limited.Leon Clarke, who helped author reports for the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, isn’t an uncritical supporter of nuclear energy, but says it’s a valuable option to have if we’re serious about reaching carbon neutrality.“Core to all of this is the degree to which you think we can actually meet climate goals with 100% renewables,” he said. “If you don’t believe we can do it, and you care about the climate, you are forced to think about something like nuclear.”The achievability of universal 100% renewability is similarly contentious. Cities such as Burlington, Vermont, have been “100% renewable” for years. But these cities often have small populations, occasionally still rely on fossil fuel energy and have significant renewable resources at their immediate disposal. Meanwhile, countries that manage to run off renewables typically do so thanks to extraordinary hydroelectric capabilities.Germany stands as the best case study for a large, industrialized country pushing into green energy. Chancellor Angela Merkel in 2011 announced Energiewende, an energy transition that would phase out nuclear and coal while phasing in renewables. Wind and solar power generation has increased over 400% since 2010, and renewables provided 46% of the country’s electricity in 2019.But progress has halted in recent years. The instability of renewables doesn’t just mean energy is often not produced at night, but also that solar and wind can overwhelm the grid during the day, forcing utilities to pay customers to use their electricity. Lagging grid infrastructure struggles to transport this overabundance of green energy from Germany’s north to its industrial south, meaning many factories still run on coal and gas. The political limit has also been reached in some places, with citizens meeting the construction of new wind turbines with loud protests.The result is that Germany’s greenhouse gas emissions have fallen by around 11.5% since 2010—slower than the EU average of 13.5%.51. What accounts for the divide within the scientific community about nuclear energy?A) Attention to combating human-made climate change.B) Emphasis on protecting wildlife and natural ecosystems.C) Evolution of the term ‘green energy’ over the last century.D) Adherence to different interpretations of environmentalism.52. What is the solution to energy shortage proposed by purists’opponents?A) Relying on renewables firmly and exclusively.B) Using fossil fuel and green energy alternately.C) Opting for nuclear energy when necessary.D) Limiting people’s non-basic consumption.53. What point does the author want to make with cities like Burlington as an example?A) It is controversial whether the goal of the whole world’s exclusive dependence on renewables is attainable.B) It is contentious whether cities with large populations have renewable resources at their immediate disposal.C) It is arguable whether cities that manage to run off renewables have sustainable hydroelectric capabilities.D) It is debatable whether traditional fossil fuel energy can be done away with entirely throughout the world.54. What do we learn about Germany regarding renewable energy?A) It has increased its wind and solar power generation four times over the last two decades.B) It represents a good example of a major industrialized country promoting green energy.C) It relies on renewable energy to generate more than half of its electricity.D) It has succeeded in reaching the goal of energy transition set by Merkel.55. What may be one of the reasons for Germany’s progress having halted in recent years?A) Its grid infrastructure’s capacity has fallen behind its development of green energy.B) Its overabundance of green energy has forced power plants to suspend operation during daytime.C) Its industrial south is used to running factories on conventional energy supplies.D) Its renewable energy supplies are unstable both at night and during the day.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的传统婚礼习俗历史悠久，从周朝开始就逐渐形成了一套完整的婚礼仪式，有些一直沿用至今。

2005年1月全国大学英语六级考试(CET-6)真题及答案解析

2005年1月8日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷(B卷)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each Conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish by 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correctanswer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1.A) Furnished apartments will cost more.B) The apartment can be furnished easily.C) She can provide the man with the apartment he needs.D) The apartment is just what the man is looking for.（C）2.A) He quite agrees with Mr. Johnson’s views.B) Mr. Johnson’s ideas are nonsense.C) Mr. Johnson is good at expressing his ideas.D) He shares the woman’s views on social welfare.（A）3.A) Avoid distractions while studying in her dorm.B) Improve her grades gradually.C) Change the conditions of her dorm.D) Study in a quiet place.（D）4.A) It will be held in a different place,B) It has been put off.C) It has been cancelled.D) It will be rescheduled to attract more participants.（B）5.A) Janet is very much interested in architecture.B) Janet admires the Sydney Opera House very much.C) Janet thinks it’s a shame for anyone not to visit Australia.D) Janet loves the beautiful landscape of Australia very much.（B）6.A) It falls short of her supervisor’s expectations.B) It has drawn criticism from lots of people.C) It can be finished in a few weeks’ time.D) It is based on a lot of research.（A）7.A) Karen is sure to pass the interview.B) He knows Karen better now.C) Karen is very forgetful.D) The woman should have reminded Karen earlier.（C）8.A) Skip the class to prepare for the exam.B) Tell the professor she’s lost her voice.C) Attend the lecture with the man.D) Ask Joe to apologize to the professor for her.（A）9.A) The woman is working in a kindergarten.B) The man will go in for business fight after high school.C) The woman is not happy with the man’s decision.D) The man wants to be a business manager.（D）10.A) They are busy all the year round.B) They stay closed until summer comes.C) They cater chiefly to tourists.D) They provide quality service to their customers.（C）Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.A) Boss and secretary.B) PR representative and client.C) Classmates.D) Colleagues.（C）12.A) He thought the boss was unfair to him.B) His clients complained about his service.C) He felt his assignment was tougher than Sue’s.D) His boss was always finding fault with his work.（A）13.A) She complains about her bad luck.B) She always accepts them cheerfully.C) She is unwilling to undertake them.D) She takes them on, though reluctantly.（B）14.A) John had to quit his job.B) Both John and Sue got a raise.C) Sue failed to complete her project.D) Sue got promoted.（D）Passage TwoQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15.A) By displaying their feelings and emotions.B) By exchanging their views on public affairs.C) By asking each other some personal questions.D) By greeting each other very politely.（C）16.A) Yell loudly.B) Argue fiercely.C) Express his opinion frankly.D) Refrain from showing his feelings.（D）17.A) Doing credit to one’s community.B) Distinguishing oneself.C) Getting rich quickly.D) Respecting individual rights.（B）Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18.A) When tests show that they are relatively safe.B) If they don’t involve any risks.C) When the urgent need for them arises.D) If they produce predictable side effects.（A）19.A) Because they are less sensitive to it than those who have been tested for it.B) Because they are not accustomed to it.C) Because their genes differ from those who have been tested for it.D) Because they are not psychologically prepared for it.（D）20.A) They will become physically impaired.B) They will suffer from minor discomfort.C) They will have to take ever larger doses.D) They will experience a very painful process.（C）Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Throughout the nation’s more than 15,000 school districts, widely differing approaches to teaching science and math have emerged. Though there can be strength in diversity, a newinternational analysis suggests that this variability has instead contributed to lackluster (平淡的) achievement scores by U.S. children relative to their peers in other developed countries.Indeed, concludes William H. Schmidt of Michigan State University, who led the new analysis, “no single intellectually coherent vision dominates U.S. educational practice in math or science.” The reason, he said, “is because the system is deeply and fundamentally flawed.”The new analysis, released this week by the National Science Foundation in Arlington, Va., is based on data collected from about 50 nations as part of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study.Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary among individual U.S. communities, the report finds, but there appears to be little strategic focus within a school district’s curricula, its textbooks, or its teachers’ activities. This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national programs of most other countries.On average, U.S. students study more topics within science and math than their international counterparts do. This creates an educational environment that “is a mile wide and an inch deep,” Schmidt notes.For instance, eighth graders in the United States cover about 33topics in math versus just 19 in Japan. Among science courses, the international gap is even wider. U.S. curricula for this age level resemble those of a small group of countries including Australia, Thailand, Iceland, and Bulgaria. Schmidt asks whether the United States wants to be classed with these nations, whose educational systems “share our pattern of splintered (支离破碎的) visions” but which are not economic leaders.The new report “couldn’t come at a better time,” says Gerald Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers Association in Arlington. “The new National Science Education Standards provide that focused vision,” including the call “to do less, but in greater depth.”Implementing the new science standards and their math counterparts will be the challenge, he and Schmidt agree, because the decentralized responsibility for education in the United States requires that any reforms be tailored and instituted one community at a time.In fact, Schmidt argues, reforms such as these proposed national standards “face an almost impossible task, because even though they are intellectually coherent, each becomes only one more voice in the babble (嘈杂声).”21.A ccording to the passage, the teaching of science and math inAmerica is ________.A) losing its vitality graduallyB) characterized by its diversityC) going downhill in recent yearsD) focused on tapping students’ potential（B）22.T he fundamental flaw of American school education is that ________.A) it attaches too much importance to intensive study of school subjectsB) it relies heavily on the initiative of individual teachersC) it sets a very low academic standard for studentsD) it lacks a coordinated national program（D）23.B y saying that the U.S. educational environment is “a mile wide and an inch deep” (Line 2, Para. 5), the author means U.S. educational practice ________.A) scratches the surface of a wide range of topicsB) lays stress on quality at the expense of quantityC) encourages learning both in depth and in scopeD) offers an environment for comprehensive education（A）24.T he new National Science Education Standards are good news in that they will ________.A) solve most of the problems in school teachingB) provide depth to school science educationC) quickly dominate U.S. educational practiceD) be able to meet the demands of the community（B）25.P utting the new science and math standards into practice will prove difficult because ________.A) many schoolteachers challenge the acceptability of these standardsB) there is always controversy in educational circlesC) not enough educators have realized the necessity for doing soD) school districts are responsible for making their own decisions（D）Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.I had an experience some years ago which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to officiate at two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community. Both had died “full of years,” as the Bible would say; both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence (吊唁) calls on the two families on the same afternoon.At the first home, the son of the deceased (已故的) woman saidto me, “If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It’s my fault that she died.” At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, “If only I hadn’t insisted on my mother’s going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the abrupt change of climate, was more than she could take. It’s my fault that she’s dead.”When things don’t turn out as we would like them to, it is very tempting to assume that had we done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending. Priests know that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out badly, they believe that the opposite course-keeping Mother at home, postponing the operation—would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilt. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.The second element is the notion that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing thatevery disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. Psychologists speak of the infantile myth of omnipotence (万能). A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow that infantile notion that our wishes cause things to happen.26.W hat is said about the two deceased elderly women?A) They lived out a natural life.B) They died due to lack of care by family members.C) They died of exhaustion after the long plane ride.D) They weren’t accustomed to the change in weather.（A）27.T he author had to conduct the two women’s funerals probably because ________.A) he had great sympathy for the deceasedB) he wanted to console the two familiesC) he was priest of the local churchD) he was an official from the community（C）28.P eople feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because ________.A) they believe that they were responsibleB) they had neglected the natural course of eventsC) they couldn’t find a better way to express their griefD) they didn’t know things often turn out in the opposite direction（A）29.I n the context of the passage, “... the world makes sense” (Line 2, Para, 4) probably means that ________.A) we have to be sensible in order to understand the worldB) everything in the world is predeterminedC) there’s an explanation for everything in the worldD) the world can be interpreted in different ways（C）30.P eople have been made to believe since infancy that ________.A) every story should have a happy endingB) their wishes are the cause of everything that happensC) life and death is an unsolved mysteryD) everybody is at their command（B）Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.“I’ve never met a human worth cloning,” says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from his lab at Texas A&M University. “It’s a stupid endeavor.” That’s an interesting choice of adjective, comingfrom a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two cows and expect to clone a cat soon. They just might succeed in cloning Missy this spring—or perhaps not for another 5 years. It seems the reproductive system of man’s best friend is one of the mysteries of modern science.Westhusin’s experience with cloning animals leaves him upset by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missy project, using hundreds upon hundreds of dog’s eggs, the A&M team has produced only a dozen or so embryos (胚胎) carrying Missy’s DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate (代孕的) mother. The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted fetuses (胎) may be acceptable when you’re dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. “Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous,” he says.Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin’s phone has been ringing with people calling in hopes of duplicating their cats and dogs, cattle and horses. “A lot of people want to clone pets, especially if the price is right,” says Westhusin. Cost is no obstacle for Missy’s mysterious billionaire owner; he’s put up $3.7 million so far to fund A&M’s research.Contrary to some media reports, Missy is not dead. The owner wants a twin to carry on Missy’s fine qualities after she does die. The prototype is, by all accounts, athletic, good-natured and supersmart. Missy’s master does not expect an exact copy of her. He knows her clone may not have her temperament. In a statement of purpose, Missy’s owner and the A&M team say they are “both looking forward to studying the ways that her clones differ from Missy.”Besides cloning a great dog, the project may contribute insight into the old question of nature vs, nurture. It could also lead to the cloning of special rescue dogs and many endangered animals.However, Westhusin is cautious about his work. He knows that even if he gets a dog pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems~ “Why would you ever want to clone humans,Westhusin asks, “when we’re not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?”31.B y “stupid endeavor” (Line 2, Para. 1), Westhusin means to say that ________.A) human cloning is a foolish undertakingB) animal cloning is absolutely impracticalC) human cloning should be done selectivelyD) animal cloning is not worth the effort at all（A）32.W hat does the first paragraph tell us about Westhusin’s dog cloning project?A) Its success is already in sight.B) It is doomed to utter failure.C) It is progressing smoothly.D) Its outcome remains uncertain.（D）33.B y cloning Missy, Mark Westhusin hopes to ________.A) examine the reproductive system of the dog speciesB) find out the differences between Missy and its clonesC) search for ways to modify.its temperamentD) study the possibility of cloning humans（B）34.W e learn from the passage that animal clones are likely to have ________.A) an abnormal shapeB) a bad temperC) defective organsD) immune deficiency（C）35.I t can be seen that present cloning techniques ________.A) provide insight into the question of nature vs, nurtureB) have been widely used in saving endangered speciesC) have proved quite adequate for the cloning of humansD) still have a long way to go before reaching maturity（D）Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Frustrated with delays in Sacramento, Bay Area officials said Thursday they planned to take matters into their own hands to regulate the region’s growing pile of electronic trash.A San Jose councilwoman and a San Francisco supervisor said they would propose local initiatives aimed at controlling electronic waste if the California law-making body fails to act on two bills stalled in the Assembly. They are among a growing number of California cities and counties that have expressed the same intention.Environmentalists and local governments are increasingly concerned about the toxic hazard posed by old electronic devices and the cost of safely recycling those products. An estimated 6 million televisions and computers are stocked in California homes, and an additional 6,000 to 7,000 computers become outdated every day. The machines contain high levels of lead and other hazardous substances, and are already banned from California landfills (垃圾填埋场).Legislation by Senator Byron Sher would require consumers to pay a recycling fee of up to $30 on every new machine containing a cathode (阴极) ray tube. Used in almost all video monitors andtelevisions, those devices contain four to eight pounds of lead each. The fees would go toward setting up recycling programs, providing grants to non-profit agencies that reuse the tubes and rewarding manufacturers that encourage recycling.A separate bill by Los Angeles-area Senator Gloria Romero would require high-tech manufacturers to develop programs to recycle so-called e-waste.If passed, the measures would put California at the forefront of national efforts to manage the refuse of the electronic age.But high-tech groups, including the Silicon Valley Manufacturing Group and the American Electronics Association, oppose the measures, arguing that fees of up to $30 will drive consumers to online, out-of-state retailers.“What really needs to occur is consumer education. Most consumers are unaware they’re not supposed to throw computers in the trash,” said Roxanne Gould, vice president of government relations for the electronics association.Computer recycling should be a local effort and part of residential waste collection programs, she added.Recycling electronic waste is a dangerous and specialized matter, and environmentalists maintain the state must support recycling efforts and ensure that the job isn’t contracted to unscrupulous (毫无顾忌的) junk dealers who send the toxic parts overseas.“The graveyard of the high-tech revolution is ending up in rural China,” said Ted Smith, director of the Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition. His group is pushing for an amendment to Sher’s bill that would prevent the export of e-waste.36.W hat step were Bay Area officials going to take regarding e-waste disposal?A) Rally support to pass the stalled bills.B) Lobby the lawmakers of the California Assembly.C) Lay down relevant local regulations themselves.D) Exert pressure on manufacturers of electronic devices.（C）37.T he two bills stalled in the California Assembly both concern ________.A) the reprocessing of the huge amounts of electronic waste in the stateB) regulations on dumping hazardous substances into landfillsC) the funding of local initiatives to reuse electronic trashD) the sale of used electronic devices to foreign countries（A）38.C onsumers are not supposed to throw used computers in the trash because ________.A) this is banned by the California governmentB) some parts may be recycled for use elsewhereC) unscrupulous dealers will retrieve them for profitD) they contain large amounts of harmful substances（D）39.H igh-tech groups believe that if an extra $30 is charged on every TV or computer purchased in California, consumers will ________.A) hesitate to upgrade their computersB) abandon online shoppingC) buy them from other statesD) strongly protest against such a charge（C）40.W e learn from the passage that much of California’s electronic waste has been ________.A) dumped into local landfillsB) exported to foreign countriesC) collected by non-profit agenciesD) recycled by computer manufacturers（B）Part III V ocabulary (20 minutes)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.41.S he gave ________ directions about the way the rug shouldbe cleaned.A) briskB) opaqueC) explicitD) transient（C）42.H e had an almost irresistible ________ to talk to the crowd when he entered Hyde Park.A) surgeB) impulseC) stimulationD) instinct（B）43.S he expressed her strong determination that nothing could ________ her to give up her career as a teacher.A) reduceB) deduceC) attractD) induce（D）44.B y turning this knob to the right you can ________ the sound from the radio.A) enlargeB) amplifyC) reinforceD) intensify（B）45.A ________ official is one who is irresponsible in his work.A) slackB) tediousC) timidD) suspicious（A）46.O ne witness ________ that he’d seen the suspect run out of the bank after it had been robbed.A) convictedB) retortedC) testifiedD) conformed（C）47.M any ecologists believe that lots of major species in the world are on the ________ of extinction.A) fringeB) marginC) borderD) verge（D）48.A number of students ________ in flats, and others live in the nearby holiday resorts, where there is a reasonable supply of competitively priced accommodation.A) resideB) reviveC) gatherD) inhabit（A）49.T he doctors ________ the newly approved drug into the patient when he was critically ill.A) projectedB) injectedC) ejectedD) subjected（B）50.M y grandfather, a retired worker, often ________ the past with a feeling of longing and respect.A) contrivesB) considersC) contactsD) contemplates（D）51.T his is a long ________—roughly 13 miles down a beautiful valley to the little church below.A) terrainB) tumbleC) descentD) degeneration（C）52.T he microscope and telescope, with their capacity to enlarge,isolate and probe, demonstrate how details can be ________ and separated from the whole.A) magnifiedB) radiatedC) prolongedD) extended（A）53.T hey couldn’t see a ________ of hope that they would be saved by a passing ship.A) sliceB) spanC) gleamD) grain（C）54.A ny salesperson who sells more than the weekly ________ will receive a bonus.A) portionB) quotaC) ratioD) allocation（B）55.________ efforts are needed in order to finish important but unpleasant tasks.A) PerpetualB) PersistentC) ConsecutiveD) Condensed（B）56.S ome scientists are dubious of the claim that organisms ________ with age as an inevitable outcome of living.A) degradeB) defaultC) depressD) deteriorate（A）57.I t took a lot of imagination to come up with such a(n) ________ plan.A) ingeniousB) vigorousC) inherentD) exotic（A）58.M any manufacturers were accused of concentrating too heavily on cost reduction, often at the ________ of the quality of their products.A) expansionB) expectationC) expenseD) exposure（C）59.H e could not ________ ignorance as his excuse; he shouldhave known what was happening in his department.A) pleadB) resortC) petitionD) reproach（A）60.N othing Helen says is ever ________. She always thinks carefully before she speaks.A) simultaneousB) spontaneousC) rigorousD) homogenous（B）61.M edical students are advised that the wearing of a white coat ________ the acceptance of a professional code of conduct expected of the medical profession.A) simulatesB) supplementsC) swearsD) signifies（D）62.H e bought his house on the ________ plan, paying a certain amount of money each month.A) premiumB) installmentC) divisionD) fluctuation（B）63.S he was deeply ________ by the amount of criticism her play received.A) frustratedB) deportedC) involvedD) deprived（A）64.M ost mathematicians trust their ________ in solving problems and readily admit they would not be able to function without it.A) conceptionB) perceptionC) cognitionD) intuition（D）65.H e still ________ the memory of his carefree childhood spent in that small wooden house of his grandparents’.A) scansB) fanciesC) cherishesD) nourishes（C）66.O ne of the attractive features of the course was the way thepractical work had been ________ with the theoretical aspects of the subject.A) integratedB) embeddedC) embracedD) synthesized（A）67.L ighting can be used not only to create an atmosphere, but also to ________ features of the house, such as ornaments or pictures.A) activateB) highlightC) upgradeD) underline（B）61.A part from philosophical and legal reasons for respecting patients’ wishes, there are several practical reasons why doctors should ________ to involve patients in their own medical care decisions.A) enforceB) enhanceC) endeavorD) endow（C）69.E ncouraged by their culture to voice their opinions freely, theCanadians are not afraid to go against the group ________, and will argue their viewpoints enthusiastically, though rarely aggressively.A) conscienceB) consensusC) consentD) consciousness（B）70.T he traditional markets retain their ________ for the many Chinese who still prefer fresh food like live fish, ducks, chickens over packaged or frozen goods.A) imageB) pledgeC) survivalD) appeal（D）Part IV Error Correction (15 minutes)Directions:This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it and put a slash (/) in the blank.。

2005年6月全国大学英语六级考试全真模拟试题

2005年6月全国大学英语六级考试全真模拟试题Part I Listening Comprehension （20 minutes）(略)Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension （35 minutes）Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices mared A）, B）, C） and D）.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:There are three basic ways in which individual economic units interact with one another. They are the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.In a market system, individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the market place. Transactions may take place through barter or money exchange. In a barter economy,real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade an old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably.An alternative to the market system is administered control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue laws or commands as to how much each goods and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan drawn up by the government shows the amount of each commodity produced by the various firms and distributed to different households for consumption.In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition. Each per son′s place with the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health,and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone progress may be difficult to achieve.21. What is the main purpose of the passage?A） T o explain the science of economics.B） To outline types of economic systems.C） To argue for the superiority of one economic system.D） To compare barter and money exchange markets.22. In the second paragraph, by which of the following could the word "real" best be replaced?A） High quality.B） Concrete.C） Utter.D） Essential.23. According to the passage, a barter economy can lead toA） rapid speed of transactionsB） misunderstandingsC） inflationD） difficulties for the traders24. According to the passage who has the greatest degree of control on an administered system?A） Individual households.B） Small businesses.C） Major companies.D） The government.25. Which of the following statements is true?A） The central plan drawn up by the government is mainly based on the needs of the state as a whole.B） The economic system in China is based on the traditional system.C）In a market system, transactions are controlled by the government.D） In a traditional society, economy develops very fast.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide （二氧化碳） acts rather like a one-way mirror—the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun′s rays to enter but prevents the hea t from escaping.According to a weather expert′s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities, Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth′s-chief food-growing zones.In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fiftyyears from the burning of fuels. Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere,where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude,therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and "cold" spots（that is, the relatively less hot spots） on the sun.As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or "colder" faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth′s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models or solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousand of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia of the earth′s climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-b alance to the sun′s diminishing heat.26. It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would .A）prevent the sun′s rays from reaching the earth′s surfaceB） mean a warming up in the ArcticC） account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphereD）raise the temperature of the earth′s surface27. The article was written to explain .A） the greenhouse effectB） the solar effects on the earthC） the models of solar weather interactionsD） the causes affecting weather28. Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is .A） mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are risingB） possibly because the ice caps in the poles are meltingC）exclusively due to the effect of the inertia of the earth′s climateD） partly due to variations in the output of solar energy29. On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that .A） the climate of the world should be becoming coolerB）it will take thousands of years fro the inertia of the earth′s climate to take effectC）the man made warming effect helps to increase the solar effectD）the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect30. If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct, .A）the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuelsB） ice would soon cover the northern hemisphereC） the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quicklyD）the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earthPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Before the 1850′s the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small,church-connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students.Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In Germany a different kind of university had developed. The German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge,not morals. Between midcentury and the end of the 1800′s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went Germany for advanced study. Some of them returned to become presidents of venerable （受人尊敬的）colleges—Harvard, Yale, Columbia—and transform them into modern universities The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty.Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on,and this called for a faculty composed of teacher scholars. Drilling and learning by rote （死记硬背）were replaced by the German method oflecturing, in which the pr ofessor′s own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph. D, an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate students learned to question, analyze,and conduct their own research.At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own courses of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close heed to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers.31. The word "this" （sentence 8, Para. 2） refers to which of the following?A）Creating and passing on knowledge. B）Drilling and learning by rote.C）Disciplining students. D）Developing moral principles.32. According to the passage, the seminar system encouraged students to .A） discuss moral issues B） study the classics, rhetoric, and musicC） study overseasD） work more independently33. It can be inferred from the passage that before 1850, allof the following were Characteristic of higher education EXCEPT .A） the elective system B） drillingC） strict discipline D） rote learning34. Those who favored the new university would be likely to agree with which of the following statements?A） Learning is best achieved through discipline and drill.B） Shaping the moral character of students should be the primary goal.C） Higher education should prepare students to contribute to society.D） Teachers should select their students courses.35. Why many students decided to study aboard?A）Because thousands of young Americans wanted to go to Germany to study.B）Because young Americans were not satisfied with their school system in the USA.C）Because American professors were not as good as those abroad.D）Because European universities were not connected with churches.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:The nuclear age in which the human race is living, and may soon be dying, began for the general public with the dropping of an atom bomb on Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. But for nuclear scientists and for certain American authorities, it had been known for some time that such a weapon was possible.An atom consists of a tiny core called the "nucleus" with attendant electrons circling round it. The hydrogen atom, whichis the simplest and lightest, has only one electron. Heavier atoms have more and more as they go up the scale. The first discovery that had to do with what goes on in nuclei was radioactivity, which is caused by particles being shot out of the nucleus. It was known that a great deal of energy is locked up in the nucleus, but until just before the outbreak of the Second World War, there was no way of releasing this energy in any large quantity. A revolutionary discovery was that, in certain circumstances, mass can be transformed into energy in accordance with Einstein′s formula which states that the energy generated is equal to the mass lost multiplied by the square of the velocity of light.The A-bomb, however, used a different process, depending upon radioactivity. In this process, called "fission", a heavier atomsplits into two lighter atoms. In general, in radioactive substances this fission proceeds at a constant rate which is slow where substances occurring in nature are concerned. But there is one form of uranium called "U235" which, when it is pure, sets up a chain reaction which spreads like fire, though with enormously greater rapidity. It is this substance that was used in making the atom bomb.The political background of the atomic scientists′ work was the determination to defeat the Nazis. It was held—I think rightly—that a Nazi victory would be an appalling disaster. It was also held, in Western countries, that German scientists must be well advanced towards making an A-bomb, and that if they succeeded before the West did they would probably win the war. When the war was over,it was discovered, to the complete astonishment of both American and British scientists, that the Germans were nowhere near success, and, as everybody knows, the Germans were defeated before any nuclear weapon had beenmade. But I do not think that nuclear scientists of the West can be blamed for thinking the work urgent and necessary. Even Einstein favored it.When, however, the German war was finished, the great majority of those scientists who had collaborated towards making the A-bomb considered that it should not be used against the Japanese,who were already on the verge （边缘） of defeat and, in any case,did not constitute such a menace to the world as Hitler. Many of them made urgent represent ations to the American Government advocating that, instead of using the bomb as a weapon of war, they should after a public announcement, explode it in a desert, and that future control of nuclear energy should be placed in the hands of an international authority. Seven of the most eminent of nuclear scientists drew up what is known as "The Franck Report" which they presented to the Secretary of War in June 1945. This is a very admirable and far-seeing document, and if it had won the assent of the politicians, none of our subsequent terrors would have arisen.36. We may infer that the writer′s attitude towards the A bomb is that .A） it is a necessary evilB） it is a terrible threat to the whole of mankindC） it played a vital part in defeating the JapaneseD） it was a wonderful invention37. According to the passage, an atom is heavy if .A） it has a large nucleusB） it is radioactiveC） its nucleus has many electronsD） its nucleus shoots out many particles38. The American and British scientists were astonished atthe end of the Second World War against Germany because .A）the Germans had been defeated without the use of nuclear weaponsB）the Western countries had won before they had invented nuclear weaponsC） they thought the Germans would probably win the warD）the Germans had made little progress in developing nuclear weapons39. According to the writer, most scientists who had helped in making the A bomb considered that it should not be used against the Japanese because .A） it was such a dangerous weaponB） its use against the Japanese, was unnecessaryC） it was a very inhumane weaponD） the German war was finished40.It is implied that the nuclear scientists .A）might not have agreed to develop the bomb if there had been no Nazi threatB） would have developed the bomb even without the Nazi threatC）would have made the bomb, under peace time conditions, but only for the use of an international authority D）developed the bomb because Einstein thought it urgent and necessaryPart Ⅲ Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with asingle line through the center.41.The British Library____ the right to a free copy of everynew book published in the United Kingdom.A) contains B) retiresC) retains D) conveys42.The secretary____ the foreign minister____ an interview hewas to give that afternoon.A) reminded … ofB) reassured…aboutC) consulted…aboutD) questioned…to43. The way other people behave towards us influences howwe____ ourselves.A) conceive of B) consist of C) confront with D) conform to44. I suppose some people create an idea of who they want tobe and, they ____ it____.A) work…over B) bear…out C) live…out D) get… over45.With the economy of the country growing strong, the____mood is one of optimism .A) presiding B) circulating C) floating D) prevailing46. These technological advances in communication have____ theway people do business.A) revolted B) represented C) adopted D) transformed47. The workers of the textile mill ____ that trade unionleaders be elected from the workshops .A) urged B) related C) combated D) adapted48. It is a____ of our company to give refunds if goods arefaulty.A) policy B) discipline C) decision D) determination49. ____ friends helped him to get appointed ambassador toFrance .A) Efficient B) Influential C) Impressive D) Effective50.Their ambitious schemes for making money quickly____.A) took a chanceB) came to nothingC) went into actionD) got to the point51.She knew who wrote the letter, so without opening it shetore it into pieces____A) in excitementB) in disappointmentC) in disgustD) in expectation52.He had always been ____the way Ruth looked, and had neveronce paid her a compliment .A) oblivious to B) guilty of C) wary of D) subject to53.Familarity with a wide range of idiomatic expressions, andthe ability to use them appropriately____ are among thedistinguishing marks of command of English like a native.A) in context B) in practice C) in place D) in case54.We are still____ things here, but I can’t guarantee thesituation will stay that way.A) in memory ofB) in search ofC) in control ofD) in need of5.Democratic government is a phrase that is notoriously hardto____.A) credit B) defy C) modify D) define56.Bill is rich. His house is full of ____ such as expensivehigh-tech video systems and all the latest computerequipment.A) luxuries B) festivities C) dimensions D) instruments57.She is quite capable, but the problem is that she isnot____.A) consistent B) insistent C) beneficent D) resistant58.Based on the____ that every business is now free toformulate its own strategy in light of the changing market, I would predict a market improvement in the efficiency ofChina’s economy.A) guidance B) instruction C . premise D) eminence59.Nurses should do all they can to make their patients feel____.A .on board B) at ease C) at leisure D) at heart60.The accused was ____to have been the leader of the plot tooverthrow the government A) reconciled B) blended C) allegedD) referred61. She ____the letter, put it in the envelope and handed itto her father.A) folded B) wrapped C) rolled D) slided62. In the last century, new drugs have ____ improved healththroughout the world.A) inconsistently B) supposedly C) notedly D) markedly63. Now a paper argues that organic chemicals in the rock comemostly from ____ on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.A) configurationB) constitutionC) condemnationD) contamination64. When he went to the airport for the ticket, Tom suddenlyealized that his passport had ____ for half a year.A) abolished B) expired C) amended D) constrained65. Since the information was easily____, we found itimmediately.A) acceptable B) accessory C) accessible D) possible66.There is no known cure for SARS, but doctors are developingways to help sufferers ____ it.A) retard B) eliminate C) dispense D) handle67. She was____ her brains to remember the man’s time, but herbad memory failed her.A) hitting B) beating C) racking D) exhausting68. Many apartments have doors with a security window so thatone may____ outside and observe visitors without being seen.A) peer B) peek C) peel D) pile69. French cars are more elegantly styled than their British____.A) counterparts B) equals C) ones D) copies70. After failing his driving test four times, he finally____trying to pass.A) gave up B) gave away C) gave off D) gave inPart Ⅳ Error Correction (15 minutes）Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧） in the correct place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and be sure to put slash (/) in the blank.[WTHZ]Error Correction:The first man known to use a signal other thana bonfire(大篝火)used a chandelier(枝形吊灯).He was lord of a castle that stood near a rocky seacoast..He hang the chandelier, containing many 71_________ large tallow candles ,in the highest tower of his castle .Thus he warned passing ship from the danger 72________ along the coast.Candles soon became the common fuel for signal lights.They were later replaced by oil lamps,that could burn longer and brighter. Kerosene and 73_________gas lamps also tried .These are still in use now in 74_________some smaller lighthouses. But today most lighthousessent electric light blazing out over the sea. 75_________ The ancient fire signals could only say “Danger!Keep off !”But the modern lighthouse alsoidentifies it in a code known to all shipping .Mostof 76_________the great lights have their own special signals. Thelight may be one that blinks—as a giant firefly in the 77_________night .Or it may be a revolved light that is red and 78_________then green. Or it may be only white .But however 79__________the signal ,it is sent very regularly. A ship within itsrange is never at a loss to know which lighthouse itis , and where it is being located . 80__________Part Ⅴ Writing （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to writes a composition entitled The Tears of A Bird.Your compositiom should be based on the outline below and should be no less than 150 words.(1)Describe the cartoon and deduce the purpose of the drawer of the picture;(2)State the harmful effects of the phenomenon;(3)Give suggestions as to how to solve the problem.The Tears of A Birdpart Ⅱ21. B）文章第一段点明了三种不同类型的经济体系。

大学英语六级205_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

大学英语六级205(总分449, 做题时间132分钟)Part I Writing (30 minutes)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an open letter to the major of the city based on the following situation:You should write at least 150 words, and base **position on the outline given below:1．近年来，本市的空气污染情况越来越严重；2．你认为造成空气污染的主要污染源是哪些?应该采取哪些措施?3．呼吁所有市民积极行动起来，治理空气污染。

SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 30答案:October 23, 2005Dear Mr. Major,As a citizen of our city, I am very much concern with the engraving problem of air pollution in our city. Especially in recent year, with the rapid development of economy, air quality in our city is rapidly deteriorating.According to my investigation, there are two major sources of pollution. The most serious pollution is caused by vehicles. As more and more vehicles such as cars, buses, trucks, and motor bicycles are running in the city, they have been polluting the air. To alleviate this problem, the municipal government should make rules to enough the popularization of environment-friendly car and gasoline. The second source of air pollution is from construction sites. Most of the construction sites take no measures to control the dirty dust and the areas nearby are blanketed with thick dust Therefore, regulations should be made to force the constructors to regulate their operations so as to reduce dust.With all the measures and regulations, and with the joint efforts of all the citizens, I am very optimistic that we will have fresh and clear air soon. I also avail myself of this letter to call upon all citizens to take part in the campaign against air pollution in our city.Sincerely yours,David ZhaoPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES)Programming languages are how people talk to computers. **puter would be just as happy speaking any language that was unambiguous. The reason we have high level languages is because people can''t deal with machine language. The point of programming languages is to prevent our poor frail human brains from being overwhelmed by a mass of detail.Architects know that some kinds of design problems are more personal than others. One of the cleanest, most abstract design problems is designing bridges. There your job is largely a matter of spanning a given distance with the least material. The other end of the spectrum is designing chairs. Chair designers have to spend their time thinking about human bodies. Software varies in the same way. Designing algorithms (运算法则) for routing data through a network is a nice, abstract problem, like designing bridges. Whereas designing programming languages is like designing chairs: it''s all about dealing with human weaknesses.Most of us hate to acknowledge this. Designing systems of great mathematical elegance sounds a lot more appealing to most of us than pandering to human weaknesses. And there is a role for mathematical elegance: some kinds of elegance make programs easier to understand. But elegance is not an end in itself. And when 1 say languages have to be designed to suit human weaknesses, I don''t mean that languages have to be designed for bad programmers. In fact I think you ought to design for the best programmers, but even the best programmers have limitations. I don''t think anyone would like programming in a language where all the variables were the letter x with integer subscripts. If you look at the history of programming languages, alot of the best ones were languages designed for their own authors to use, and a lot of the worst ones were designed for other people to use.When languages are designed for other people, it''s always a specific group of other people: people not as smart as the language designer. So you get a language that talks down to you. Cobol (计算机通用语言) is the most extreme case, but a lot of languages are pervaded by this spirit. It has nothing to do with how abstract the language is. C is pretty low-level, but it was designed for its authors to use, and that''s why hackers like it. The argument for designing languages for bad programmers is that there are more bad programmers than good programmers. That may be so. But those few goodprogrammers write a disproportionately large percentage of the software.I''m interested in the question, how do you design a languagethat the very best hackers will like? I happen to think this is identical to the question, how do you design a good programming language?Give the Programmer as Much Control as Possible.Many languages (especially the ones designed for other people) have the attitude of a governess: they try to prevent you from doing things that they think aren''t good for you. I like the opposite approach: give the programmer as much control as you can. When Ifirst learned Lisp (表处理语言), what I liked most about it was that it considered me an equal partner. In the other languages I had learned up till then, there was the language and there was my program, written in the language, and the two were very separate. But in Lisp the functions and macros I wrote were just like those that made up the language itself. I could rewrite the language if I wanted. It had the same appeal as open-source software.Aim for Brevity.Brevity is underestimated and even scorned. But if you look into the hearts of hackers, you''ll see that they really love it. How many times have you heard hackers speak fondly of how in, say, APL, they could do amazing things with just a couple lines of code? I think anything that really smart people really love is worth paying attention to. I think almost anything you can do to make programs shorter is good. There should be lots of library functions; anything that can be implicit should be; the syntax (句法) should be simple; even the names of things should be short.And it''s not only programs that should be short. The manual should be thin as well. A good part of manuals (说明书) is taken up with clarifications and reservations and warnings and special cases. If you force yourself to shorten the manual, in the best case you do it by fixing the things in the language that required so much explanation.Admit What Hacking Is.A lot of people wish that hacking was mathematics, or at least something like a natural science. I think hacking is more like architecture. Architecture is related to physics, in the sense that architects have to design buildings that don''t fall down, but the actual goal of architects is to make great buildings, not to make discoveries about statistics. What hackers like to do is make greatprograms. And I think, at least in our own minds, we have to remember that it''s an admirable thing to write great programs, even when this work doesn''t translate easily into the conventional intellectual currency of research papers. Intellectually, it is just as worthwhile to design a language programmers will love as it is to design a horrible one that embodies some idea you can publish a paper about.How to Organize Big Libraries?Libraries are becoming an increasingly **ponent of programming languages. They''re also getting bigger, and this can be dangerous.If it takes longer to find the library function that will do what you want than it would take to write it yourself, then all that code is doing nothing but make your manual thick. So I think we will have to work on ways to organize libraries. The ideal would be to design them so that the programmer could guess what library call would do the right thing.Are People Really Scared of Prefix Syntax?This is an open problem in the sense that I have wondered aboutit for years and still don''t know the answer. Prefix syntax seems perfectly natural to me, except possibly for math. But it could be that a lot of Lisp''s unpopularity is simply due to having an unfamiliar syntax. Whether to do anything about it, if it is true, is another question.What Do You Need for Server (服务器)-Based Software?I think a lot of the most exciting new applications that get written in the next twenty years will be Web-based applications, meaning programs that sit on the server and talk to you through a Web browser. And to write these kinds of programs we may need some new things. One thing we''ll need is support for the new way that server-based applications get released. Instead of having one or two big releases a year, like desktop software, server-based applications get released as a series of small changes. You may have as many as five or ten releases a day. And as a rule everyone will always use the latest version.You know how you can design programs to be debug gable (调试器)? Well, server-based software likewise has to be designed to be changeable. You have to be able to change it easily, or at least to know what is a small change and what is a momentous one. Another thing that might turn out to be useful for server based software, surprisingly, is continuations. In Web-based software you can use something like continuation-passing style to get the effect of subroutines in the inherently stateless world of a Web session. Maybeit would be worthwhile having actual continuations, if it was not too expensive.What New Abstractions Are Left to Discover?I''m not sure how reasonable a hope this is, but one thing I would really love to do, personally, is discover a new abstraction —something that would make as much of a difference as having first class functions or recursion or even keyword parameters. This may be an impossible dream. These things don''t get discovered that often. But I am always looking for.SSS_SINGLE_SEL2.Designing algorithms (运算法则) for routing data through a network and designing bridges are both nice, abstract problems.A YB NC NG该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 7.1答案:A可根据文章第二段倒数第二句得出答案。

2005年大学英语六级模拟题（听力卷1）

2005年大学英语六级模拟题(听力卷1)一、听力选择题(每题1分，共20分)选择下列答案中正确的一个，选择您认为正确的答案1、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】DA) It's interesting.B) It turned out to be easy.C) It's hard to judge.D) It's quite difficult.2、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】DA) She went to the party without knowing it.B) She was invited to the party.C) She was present for the party.D) She was absent from the party.3、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】BA) Joan will give out the assignments.B) Joan will speak in the seminar.C) Joan won't be present at the seminar.D) Joan won't sign the petitions.4、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】BA) Present a new theory to the class.B) Read more than one article.C) Read the book more thoroughly.D) Write a better article for the class.5、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】BA) Her back hurt during the meeting.B) His support does not mean anything now.C) She agreed that it was a very good meeting.D) The proposal should be sent back to the meeting.6、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】BA) The library is within walking distance.B) The streets are not in good condition.C) The man should get a car instead.D) The man should exercise more.7、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】BA) Yes, she can study there if she is writing a research paper.B) Yes, but she needs to have the approval of her professor.C) Yes, because she is a senior student.D) No, it's open only to teachers and postgraduates.8、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】AA) A seafood dinner is too expensive.B) He doesn't like seafood any more.C) He doesn't have enough money.D) He likes seafood very much.9、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A) He decided not to cancel her appointment.B) His new glasses aren't comfortable.C) He's too busy to get a checkup.D) He has to check when the appointment is.10、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】CA) His errors were mainly in the reading part.B) It wasn't very challenging to him.C) It was more difficult than he had expected.D) He made very few grammatical mistakes in his test.11、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】CA) British.B) Americans.C) Germans.D) Japanese.12、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A) Entirely effective.B) Totally incorrect.C) A complete failure.D) Quite difficult.13、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】DA) Have a greater sense of duty.B) Can get higher pay.C) Can avoid working hard.D) Can avoid busy traffic.14、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】CA) It's because there are many developing nations.B) It's because people use too many man made materials.C) It's because we have more and more industry.D) It's because we are building more vehicles.15、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A) Industry.B) Health.C) The Future of our children.D) Clean air.16、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】CA) Man knows where the society is going.B) People don't welcome the rapid development of modern society.C) The speaker is worried about the future of our modern society.D) Man can do nothing about the problem of pollution.17、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】CA) To interest students in a career in counseling.B) To recruit counselors to work in the placement office.C) To inform students of a university program.D) To convince local merchants to hire college students.18、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】BA) A job listing.B) A resume.C) A permission slip.D) Their salary requirements.19、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】AA) Refine their interviewing techniques.B) Arrange their work schedules.C) Select appropriate courses.D) Write cover letters.20、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】DA) They pay the same wage.B) They involve working outdoors.C) They can be substituted for college students.D) They're part time.一、听力选择题(每题1分，共20分)1、（本题分值：1分）A) It's interesting.B) It turned out to be easy.C) It's hard to judge.D) It's quite difficult.【正确答案】D【您的答案】修改2、（本题分值：1分）A) She went to the party without knowing it.B) She was invited to the party.C) She was present for the party.D) She was absent from the party.【正确答案】D【您的答案】修改3、（本题分值：1分）A) Joan will give out the assignments.B) Joan will speak in the seminar.C) Joan won't be present at the seminar.D) Joan won't sign the petitions.【正确答案】B【您的答案】修改4、（本题分值：1分）A) Present a new theory to the class.B) Read more than one article.C) Read the book more thoroughly.D) Write a better article for the class.【正确答案】B【您的答案】修改5、（本题分值：1分）A) Her back hurt during the meeting.B) His support does not mean anything now.C) She agreed that it was a very good meeting.D) The proposal should be sent back to the meeting.【正确答案】B【您的答案】修改6、（本题分值：1分）A) The library is within walking distance.B) The streets are not in good condition.C) The man should get a car instead.D) The man should exercise more.【正确答案】B【您的答案】修改7、（本题分值：1分）A) Yes, she can study there if she is writing a research paper.B) Yes, but she needs to have the approval of her professor.C) Yes, because she is a senior student.D) No, it's open only to teachers and postgraduates.【正确答案】B【您的答案】修改8、（本题分值：1分）A) A seafood dinner is too expensive.B) He doesn't like seafood any more.C) He doesn't have enough money.D) He likes seafood very much.【正确答案】A【您的答案】修改9、（本题分值：1分）A) He decided not to cancel her appointment.B) His new glasses aren't comfortable.C) He's too busy to get a checkup.D) He has to check when the appointment is.【正确答案】C【您的答案】修改10、（本题分值：1分）A) His errors were mainly in the reading part.B) It wasn't very challenging to him.C) It was more difficult than he had expected.D) He made very few grammatical mistakes in his test.【正确答案】C【您的答案】修改11、（本题分值：1分）A) British.B) Americans.C) Germans.D) Japanese.【正确答案】C【您的答案】修改12、（本题分值：1分）A) Entirely effective.B) Totally incorrect.C) A complete failure.D) Quite difficult.【正确答案】A【您的答案】修改13、（本题分值：1分）A) Have a greater sense of duty.B) Can get higher pay.C) Can avoid working hard.D) Can avoid busy traffic.【正确答案】D【您的答案】修改14、（本题分值：1分）A) It's because there are many developing nations.B) It's because people use too many man made materials.C) It's because we have more and more industry.D) It's because we are building more vehicles.【正确答案】C【您的答案】修改15、（本题分值：1分）A) Industry.B) Health.C) The Future of our children.D) Clean air.【正确答案】A【您的答案】修改16、（本题分值：1分）A) Man knows where the society is going.B) People don't welcome the rapid development of modern society.C) The speaker is worried about the future of our modern society.D) Man can do nothing about the problem of pollution.【正确答案】C【您的答案】修改17、（本题分值：1分）A) To interest students in a career in counseling.B) To recruit counselors to work in the placement office.C) To inform students of a university program.D) To convince local merchants to hire college students.【正确答案】C【您的答案】修改18、（本题分值：1分）A) A job listing.B) A resume.C) A permission slip.D) Their salary requirements.【正确答案】B【您的答案】修改19、（本题分值：1分）A) Refine their interviewing techniques.B) Arrange their work schedules.C) Select appropriate courses.D) Write cover letters.【正确答案】A【您的答案】修改20、（本题分值：1分）A) They pay the same wage.B) They involve working outdoors.C) They can be substituted for college students.D) They're part time.【正确答案】D【您的答案】修改。

6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析(共三套)

2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析（第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend a vocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】Whether to Attend a Vocational College or a University?It’s an undisputable truth that virtually all high school graduates will encounter the choices between a vocational college and a university. And when it comes to this question, students’ideas are not cut from the same cloth. In point of which to choose and what to be taken into consideration, my advices are as follow.In the first place, we should be conscious of the fact that both of the two choices have its own superiorities. For instance, a vocational college specializes in cultivating human resources with practical capabilities; while a university serves as the cradle of academic researchers in different fields. Then it does follow that high school graduates should have a clear picture of themselves. That is to say, they should know their merits and demerits and theirchoices must give play to their strengths whilst circumvent weaknesses. In addition, interest is the best teacher and it’s also the premise of learning on one’s own initiative. Thus interest must be taken into account because it can not only decide how far one can reach academically and professionally but also how happy and fulfilled one will be.In brief, all above just goes to show that there really is no one-size-fits-all answer for the question. The key lies in a clear cognition, accurate self-positioning and the interest of oneself. Only then can every one find a right path that works best for us.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) He would feel insulted. B) He would feel very sad.C) He would be embarrassed. D) He would be disappointed.【答案】A【解析】题目问如果男士在二手书店中发现了自己写的书，那么男士会感觉怎样。

2024年6月全国大学英语CET六级真题和答案解析(第一套)

2024年06月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “There is a growing awareness of the importance of digital literacy and skills in today’s world.” You can make comments, cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.You should copy the sentence given in quotes at the beginning of your essay.PartⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 witha single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Reply to the man’s last proposal within a short time.B) Sign the agreement if one small change is made to it.C) Make a sponsorship deal for her client at the meeting.D) Give the man some good news regarding the contract.2. A) They are becoming impatient. C) They are used to making alterations.B) They are afraid time is running out. D) They are concerned about the details.3. A) To prevent geographical discrimination. C) To avoid any conflict of interest.B) To tap the food and beverage market. D) To reduce unfair competition.4. A) It is a potential market for food and beverage. C) It is a negligible market for his company.B) It is very attractive for real estate developers. D) It is very different from other markets.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) They are thrilled by a rare astronomic phenomenon.B) They are celebrating a big event on mountain tops.C) They are enthusiastic about big science-related stories.D) They are joined by astronomers all across North America.6. A) It will be the most formidable of its kind in over a century.B) It will come closest to Earth in more than one hundred years.C) It will eclipse many other such events in human history.D) It will be seen most clearly from Denver’s mountain tops.7. A) A blur. C) The edge of our galaxy.B) Stars. D) An ordinary flying object.8. A) Use professional equipment. C) Fix their eyes due north.B) Climb to the nearby heights. D) Make use of phone apps.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Whether consumers should be warned against ultra-processed foods.B) Whether there is sufficient scientific consensus on dietary guidelines.C) Whether guidelines can form the basis for nutrition advice to consumers.D) Whether food scientists will agree on the concept of ultra-processed foods.10. A) By the labor cost for the final products. C) By the extent of chemical alteration.B) By the degree of industrial processing. D) By the convention of classification.11. A) Increased consumers’ expen ses. C) People’s misunderstanding of nutrition.B) Greater risk of chronic diseases. D) Children’s dislike for unprocessed foods.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) They begin to think of the benefits of constraints.B) They try to seek solutions from creative people.C) They try hard to maximize their mental energy.D) They begin to see the world in a different way.13. A) It is characteristic of all creative people.B) It is essential to pushing society forward.C) It is a creative p erson’s response to limitation.D) It is an impetus to socio-economic development.14. A) Scarcity or abundance of resources has little impact on people’s creativity.B) Innovative people are not constrained in connecting unrelated concepts.C) People have no incentive to use available resources in new ways.D) Creative people tend to consume more available resources.15. A) It is key to a company’s survival.B) It shapes and focuses problems.C) It is essential to meeting challenges.D) It thrives best when constrained.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) Because they are learned. C) Because they have to be properly personalized.B) Because they come naturally. D) Because there can be more effective strategies.17. A) The extent of difference and of similarity between the two sides.B) The knowledge of the specific expectation the other side holds.C) The importance of one’s goals and of the relationship.D) The approaches one adopts to conflict management.18. A) The fox. C) The shark.B) The owl. D) The turtle.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Help save species from extinction and boost human health.B) Understand how plants and animals perished over the past.C) Help gather information publicly available to researchers.D) Find out the cause of extinction of Britain’s 66,000 species.20. A) It was once dominated by dinosaurs. C) Its prospects depend on future human behaviour.B) It has entered the sixth mass extinction. D) Its climate change is aggravated by humans.21. A) It dwarfs all other efforts to conserve, protect and restore biodiversity on earth.B) It is costly to get started and requires the joint efforts of thousands of scientists.C) It can help to bring back the large numbers of plants and animals that have gone extinct.D) It is the most exciting, most relevant, most timely and most internationally inspirational.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Cultural identity. C) The Copernican revolution.B) Social evolution. D) Human individuality.23. A) It is a delusion to be disposed of. C) It is a myth spread by John Donne’s poem.B) It is prevalent even among academics. D) It is rooted in the mindset of the 17th century.24. A) He believes in Copernican philosophical doctrines about the universe.B) He has gained ample scientific evidence at the University of Reading.C) He has found that our inner self and material self are interconnected.D) He contends most of our body cells can only live a few days or weeks.25. A) By coming to see how disruptive such problems have got to be.B) By realising that we all can do our own bit in such endeavours.C) By becoming aware that we are part of a bigger world.D) By making joint efforts resolutely and persistently.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Readthe passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identifiedby a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a singleline through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.It’s quite remarkable how different genres of music can spark unique feelings, emotions,and memories. Studies have shown that music can reduce stress and anxiety before surgeriesand we are all attracted toward our own unique life soundtrack.If you’re lo oking to 26 stress, you might want to give classical music a try.The sounds of classical music produce a calming effect letting 27 pleasure-inducing dopamine (多巴胺) in the brain that helps control attention, learning and emotional responses. It can also turn down the body’s stress response, resulting in an overall happier mood. It turns out a pleasant mood can lead to 28 in a person’s thinking.Although there are many great 29 of classical music like Bach, Beethoven and Handel, none of these artists’ music seems to have the same health effects as Mozart’s does. According to researchers, listening to Mozart can increase brain wave activity and improve 30 function. Another study found that the distinctive features of Mozart’s music trigger parts of the brain that are responsible for high-level mental functions. Even maternity 31 use Mozart to help newborn babies adapt to life outside of the mother’s belly.It has been found that listening to classical music 32 reduces a pers on’s blood pressure. Researchers believe that the calming sounds of classical music may help your heart 33 from stress. Classical music can also be a great tool to help people who have trouble sleeping. One study found that students who had trouble sleeping slept better while they were listening to classical music.Whether classical music is something that you listen to on a regular basis or not, it wouldn’t34 to take time out of your day to listen to music that you find 35 . You will be surprised at how good it makes you feel and the potentially positive change in your health.Section BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Curious Case of the Tree That Owns ItselfA)In the city of Athens, Georgia, there exists a rather curious local landmark—a large whiteoak that is almost universally stated to own itself. Because of this, it is considered one of the most famous trees in the world. So how did this tree come to own itself and the land around it?B)Sometime in the 19th century a Georgian called Colonel William Jackson reportedly tooka liking to the said tree and endeavored to protect it from any danger. As to why he loved itso, the earliest documented account of this story is an anonymously written front page article in the Athens Weekly Banner published on August 12, 1890. It states, “Col. Jackson had watched the tree grow from his childhood, and grew to love it almost as he would a human. Its luxuriant leaves and sturdy limbs had often protected him from the heavy rains, and out of its highest branches he had many a time gotten the eggs of the feathered singers.He watched its growth, and when reaching a ripe old age he saw the tree standing in its magnificent proportions, he was pained to think that after his death it would fall into the hands of those who might destroy it.”C)Towards this end, Jackson transferred by means of a deed ownership of the tree and a littleland around it to the tree itself. The deed read, “W. H. Jackson for and in consideration of the great affection which he bears the said tree, and his great desire to see it protected has conveyed unto the said oak tree entire possession of itself and of all land within eight feet of it on all sides.”D)In time, the tree came to be something of a tourist attraction, known as The Tree That OwnsItself. However, in the early 20th century, the tree started showing signs of its slow death, with little that could be done about it. Father time comes for us all eventually, even our often long lived, tall and leafy fellow custodians (看管者) of Earth. Finally, on October 9, 1942, the over 30 meter tall and 200-400 year old tree fell, rumor has it, as a result of a severe windstorm and/or via having previously died and its roots rotted.E)About four years later, members of the Junior Ladies Garden Club (who’d tended to thetree before its unfortunate death) tracked down a small tree grown from a nut taken from the original tree. And so it was that on October 9, 1946, under the direction of Professor Roy Bowden of the College of Agriculture at the University of Georgia, this little tree was transplanted to the location of its ancestor. A couple of months later, an official ceremony was held featuring none other than the Mayor of Athens, Robert L McWhorter, to commemorate the occasion.F)This new tree became known as The Son of the Tree That Owns Itself and it was assumedthat, as the original tree’s heir, it naturally inherited the land it stood on. Of course, there are many dozens of other trees known to exist descending from the original, as people taking a nut from it to grow elsewhere was a certainty. That said, to date, none of the original tree’s other children have petitioned the courts for their share of the land, so it seems all good. In any event, The Son of the Tree That Owns Itself still stands today, though often referred to simply as The Tree That Owns Itself.G)This all brings us around to whether Jackson ever actually gave legal ownership of the treeto itself in the first place and whether such a deed is legally binding.H)Well, to begin with, it turns out Jackson only spent about three years of his life in Athens,starting at the age of 43 from 1829 to 1832, sort of dismissing the idea that he loved the tree from spending time under it as a child and watching it grow, and then worrying about what would happen to it after he died. Further, an extensive search of land ownership records in Athens does not seem to indicate Jackson ever owned the land the tree sits on.I)He did live on a lot of land directly next to it for those three years, but whether he ownedthat land or not isn’t clear. Whatever the case, in 1832 a four acre parcel, which included the land the tree was on and the neighboring land Jackson lived on, among others, was sold to University professor Malthus A Ward. In the transaction, Ward was required to payJackson a sum of $1,200 (about $31,000 today), either for the property itself or simply in compensation for improvements Jackson had made on the lot. In the end, whether he ever owned the neighboring lot or was simply allowed to use it while he allegedly worked at the University, he definitely never owned the lot the tree grew on, which is the most important bit for the topic at hand.J)After Professor Ward purchased the land, Jackson and his family purchased a 655 acre parcel a few miles away and moved there. Ten years later, in 1844, Jackson seemed to have come into financial difficulties and had his little plantation seized by the Clarke County Sheriff’s office and auctioned off to settle the mortgage. Thus, had he owned some land in Athens itself, including the land the tree sat on, presumably he would have sold it to raise funds or otherwise had it taken as well.K)And whatever the case there, Jackson would have known property taxes needed to be paid on the deeded land for the tree to be truly secure in its future. Yet no account or record indicates any trust or the like was set up to facilitate this.L)On top of all this, there is no hard evidence such a deed ever existed, despite the fact that deed records in Athens go back many decades before Jackson’s death in 1876 and that it was supposed to have existed in 1890 in the archives according to the original anonymous news reporter who claims to have seen it.M)As you might imagine from all of this, few give credit to this side of the story. So how did all of this come about then?N)It is speculated to have been invented by the imagination of the said anonymous author at the Athens Weekly Banner in the aforementioned 1890 front page article titled “Deeded to Itself”, which by the way contained several elements that are much more easily proved to be false. As to why the author would do this, it’s speculated perhaps it was a 19th century version of a click-bait thought exercise on whether it would be legal for someone to deed such a non-conscious living thing to itself or not.O)Whatever the case, the next known instance of the Tree That Owns Itself being mentioned wasn’t until 1901 in the Centennial Edition of that same paper, the Athens Weekly Banner.This featured another account very clearly just copying the original article published abouta decade before, only slightly reworded. The next account was in 1906, again in the AthensWeekly Banner, again very clearly copying the original account, only slightly reworded, the 19th century equivalent of re-posts when the audience has forgotten about the original.36. Jackson was said to have transferred his ownership of the oak tree to itself in order to protect it from being destroyed.37. No proof has been found from an extensive search that Jackson had ever owned the land where the oak tree grew.38. When it was raining heavily, Jackson often took shelter under a big tree that is said to own itself.39. There is no evidence that Jackson had made arrangements to pay property taxes for the land on which the oak tree sat.40. Professor Ward paid Jackson over one thousand dollars when purchasing a piece of land from him.41. It is said the tree that owned itself fell in a heavy windstorm.42. The story of the oak tree is suspected to have been invented as a thought exercise.43. Jackson’s little plantation was auctioned off to settle his debt in the mid-19th century.44. An official ceremony was held to celebrate the transplanting of a small tree to where its ancestor had stood.45. The story of the Tree That Owns Itself appeared in the local paper several times, with slight alterations in wording.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.It is irrefutable that employees know the difference between right and wron g. So why don’t more employees intervene when they see someone exhibiting at-risk behavior in the workplace?There are a number of factors that influence whether people intervene. First, they need to be able to see a risky situation beginning to unfold. Second, the company’s culture needs to make them feel safe to speak up. And third, they need to have the communication skills to say something effectively.This is not strictly a workplace problem; it’s a growing problem off the job too. Every day people witness things on the street and choose to stand idly by. This is known as the bystander effect—the more people who witness an event, the less likely anyone in that group is to help the victim. The psychology behind this is called diffusion of responsibility. Basically, the larger the crowd, the more people assume that someone else will take care of it—meaning no one effectively intervenes or acts in a moment of need.This crowd mentality is strong enough for people to evade their known responsibilities. But it’s not only frontline workers who don’t make safety i nterventions in the workplace. There are also instances where supervisors do not intervene either.When a group of employees sees unsafe behavior not being addressed at a leadership level it creates the precedent that this is how these situations should be addressed, thus defining the safety culture for everyone.Despite the fact that workers are encouraged to intervene when they observe unsafe operations, this happens less than half of the time. Fear is the ultimate factor in not intervening. There is a fear of penalty, a fear that they’ll have to do more work if they intervene. Unsuccessful attempts in the past are another strong contributing factor to why people don’t intervene—they tend to prefer to defer that action to someone else for all future situations.On many worksites, competent workers must be appointed. Part of their job is to intervene when workers perform a task without the proper equipment or if the conditions are unsafe. Competent workers are also required to stop work from continuing when there’s a danger.Supervisors also play a critical role. Even if a competent person isn’t required, supervisors need a broad set of skills to not only identify and alleviate workplace hazards but also build a safety climate within their team that supports intervening and open communication among them.Beyond competent workers and supervisors, it’s important to educate everyon e within the organization that they are obliged to intervene if they witness a possible unsafe act, whether you’re a designated competent person, a supervisor or a frontline worker.46. What is one of the factors contributing to failure of intervention in face of risky behavior in the workplace?A) Slack supervision style. C) Unforeseeable risk.B) Unfavorable workplace culture. D) Blocked communication.47. What does the author mean by “diffusion of responsibility” (Line 4, Para. 3)?A) The more people are around, the more they need to worry about their personal safety.B) The more people who witness an event, the less likely anyone will venture to participate.C) The more people idling around on the street, the more likely they need taking care of.D) The more people are around, the less chance someone will step forward to intervene.48. What happens when unsafe behavior at the workplace is not addressed by the leaders?A) No one will intervene when they see similar behaviors.B) Everyone will see it as the easiest way to deal with crisis.C) Workers have to take extra caution executing their duties.D) Workers are left to take care of the emergency themselves.49. What is the ultimate reason workers won’t act when they see unsafe operations?A) Preference of deferring the action to others. C) Fear of being isolated by coworkers.B) Anticipation of leadership intervention. D) Fear of having to do more work.50. What is critical to ensuring workplace safety?A) Workers be trained to operate their equipment properly.B) Workers exhibiting at-risk behavior be strictly disciplined.C) Supervisors create a safety environment for timely intervention.D) Supervisors conduct effective communication with frontline workers.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The term “environmentalist” can mean different things. It used to refer to people trying to protect wildlife and natural ecosystems. In the 21st century, the term has evolved to capture the need to combat human-made climate change.The distinction between these two strands of environmentalism is the cause of a split within the scientific community about nuclear energy.On one side are purists who believe nuclear power isn’t worth the risk and the exclusive solution to the climate crisis is renewable energy. The opposing side agrees that renewables are crucial, but says society needs an amount of power available to meet consumers’ basic demands when the sun isn’t shining and the wind isn’t blowing. Nuclear energy, being far cleaner than oil, gas and coal, is a natural option, especially where hydroelectric capacity is limited.Leon Clarke, who helped author reports for the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, isn’t an uncritical supporter of nuclear energy, but says it’s a valuable option to have i f we’re serious about reaching carbon neutrality.“Core to all of this is the degree to which you think we can actually meet climate goals with 100% renewables,” he said. “If you don’t believe we can do it, and you care about the climate, you are forced to think about something like nuclear.”The achievability of universal 100% renewability is similarly contentious. Cities such as Burlington, Vermont, have been “100% renewable” for years. But these cities often have s mall populations, occasionally still rely on fossil fuel energy and have significant renewable resources at their immediate disposal. Meanwhile, countries that manage to run off renewables typically do so thanks to extraordinary hydroelectric capabilities.Germany stands as the best case study for a large, industrialized country pushing into green energy. Chancellor Angela Merkel in 2011 announced Energiewende, an energy transition that would phase out nuclear and coal while phasing in renewables. Wind and solar power generation has increased over 400% since 2010, and renewables provided 46% of the country’s electricity in 2019.But progress has halted in recent years. The instability of renewables doe sn’t just mean energy is often not produced at night, but also that solar and wind can overwhelm the grid during the day, forcing utilities to pay customers to use their electricity. Lagging grid infrastructure struggles to transport this overabundance of green energy from Germany’s north to its industrial south, meaning many factories still run on coal and gas. The political limit has also been reached in some places, with citizens meeting the construction of new wind turbines with loud protests.The result is that Germany’s greenhouse gas emissions have fallen by around 11.5% since 2010—slower than the EU average of 13.5%.51. What accounts for the divide within the scientific community about nuclear energy?A) Attention to combating human-made climate change.B) Emphasis on protecting wildlife and natural ecosystems.C) Evolution of the term ‘green energy’ over the last century.D) Adherence to different interpretations of environmentalism.52. What is the solution to energy shortage proposed by purists’ opponents?A) Relying on renewables firmly and exclusively.B) Using fossil fuel and green energy alternately.C) Opting for nuclear energy when necessary.D) Limiting people’s non-basic consumption.53. What point does the author want to make with cities like Burlington as an example?A) It is controversial whether the goal of the whole world’s exclusive dependence on renewables is attainable.B) It is contentious whether cities with large populations have renewable resources at their immediate disposal.C) It is arguable whether cities that manage to run off renewables have sustainable hydroelectric capabilities.D) It is debatable whether traditional fossil fuel energy can be done away with entirely throughout the world.54. What do we learn about Germany regarding renewable energy?A) It has increased its wind and solar power generation four times over the last two decades.B) It represents a good example of a major industrialized country promoting green energy.C) It relies on renewable energy to generate more than half of its electricity.D) It has succeeded in reaching the goal of energy transition set by Merkel.55. What may be one of the reasons for Germany’s progress having halted in recent years?A) Its grid infrastructure’s capacity has fallen behind its development of green energy.B) Its overabundance of green energy has forced power plants to suspend operation during daytime.C) Its industrial south is used to running factories on conventional energy supplies.D) Its renewable energy supplies are unstable both at night and during the day.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的传统婚礼习俗历史悠久，从周朝开始就逐渐形成了一套完整的婚礼仪式，有些一直沿用至今。

2024年6月大学英语六级考试真题和答案(第3套)

2024年6月大学英语六级考试真题和答案（第3套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “Nowadays, cultivating independent learning ability is becoming increasingly crucial for personal development.” You can make comments, cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.You should copy the sentence given in quotes at the beginning of your essay.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Read numerous comments users put online.B) Blended all his food without using a machine.C) Searched for the state-of-the-art models of blenders.D) Did thorough research on the price of kitchen appliances.2. A) Eating any blended food.B) Buying a blender herself.C) Using machines to do her cooking.D) Making soups and juices for herself.3. A) Cooking every meal creatively in the kitchen.B) Paying due attention to his personal hygiene.C) Eating breakfast punctually every morning.D) Making his own fresh fruit juice regularly.4. A) One-tenth of it is sugar.B) It looks healthy and attractive.C) One’s fancy may be tickled by it.D) It contains an assortment of nutrients.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) How he has made himself popular as the mayor of Berkton.B) How the residents will turn Berkton into a tourist attraction.C) How charming he himself considers the village of Berkton to be.D) How he has led people of Berkton to change the village radically.6. A) It was developed only to a limited extent.B) It was totally isolated as a sleepy village.C) It was relatively unknown to the outside.D) It was endowed with rare natural resources.7. A) The people in Berkton were in a harmonious atmosphere.B) The majority of residents lived in harmony with their neighbors.C) The majority of residents enjoyed cosy housing conditions.D) All the houses in Berkton looked aesthetically similar.8. A) They have helped boost the local economy.B) They have made the residents unusually proud.C) They have contributed considerably to its popularity.D) They have brought happiness to everyone in the village.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) They have created the smallest remote-controlled walking robot in the world.B) They are going to publish their research findings in the journal Science Robotics.C) They are the first to build a robot that can bend, crawl, walk, turn and even jump.D) They are engaged in research on a remote-controlled robot which uses special power.10. A) It changes its shape by complex hardware.B) It is operated by a special type of tiny motor.C) It moves from one place to another by memory.D) It is powered by the elastic property of its body.11. A) Replace humans in exploratory tasks.B) Perform tasks in tightly confined spaces.C) Explore the structure of clogged arteries.D) Assist surgeons in highly complex surgery.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) She threw up in the bathroom.B) She slept during the entire ride.C) She dozed off for a few minutes.D) She boasted of her marathon race.13. A) They are mostly immune to cognitive impairment.B) They can sleep soundly during a rough ride at sea.C) They are genetically determined to need less sleep.D) They constitute about 13 percent of the population.14. A) Whether there is a way to reach elite status.B) Whether it is possible to modify one’s genes.C) Whether having a baby impacts one’s passion.D) Whether one can train themselves to sleep less.15. A) It is in fact quite possible to nurture a passion for sleep.B) Babies can severely disrupt their parents’ sleep patterns.C) Being forced to rise early differs from being an early bird.D) New parents are forced to jump out of bed at the crack of dawn.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16. A) We have poor awareness of how many controversial issues are being debated.B) No one knows better than yourself what you are thinking about at the moment.C) No one can change your opinions more than those who speak in a convincing tone.D) We are likely to underestimate how much we can be swayed by a convincing article.17. A) Their belief about physical punishment changed.B) Their memory pushed them toward a current belief.C) The memory of their initial belief came back to them.D) Their experiences of physical punishment haunted them.18. A) They apparently have little to do with moderate beliefs.B) They don’t reflect the changes of view on physical punishment.C) They may not apply to changes to extreme or deeply held beliefs.D) They are unlikely to alter people’s position without more evidence.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) American moms have been increasingly inclined to live alone.B) The American population has been on the rise in the past 25 years.C) American motherhood has actually been on the decline.D) The fertility rates in America have in fact been falling sharply.20. A) More new mothers tend to take greater care of their children.B) More new mothers are economically able to raise children.C) A larger proportion of women take pride in their children.D) A larger proportion of women really enjoy motherhood.21. A) The meaning of motherhood has changed considerably.B) More and more mothers go shopping to treat themselves.C) More mothers have adult children celebrating the holiday.D) The number of American mothers has been growing steadily.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Add to indoor toxic pollutants.B) Absorb poisonous chemicals.C) Beautify the home environment.D) Soak up surrounding moisture.23. A) NASA did experiments in sealed containers resembling thesuper-insulated offices of 1970s.B) It was based on experiments under conditions unlike those in most homes or offices.C) NASA conducted tests in outer space whose environment is different from ours.D) It drew its conclusion without any contrastive data from other experiments.24. A) Natural ventilation proves much more efficient for cleaning the air than house plants.B) House plants disperse chemical compounds more quickly with people moving around.C) Natural ventilation turns out to be most effective with doors and windows wide open.D) House plants in a normal environment rarely have any adverse impact on the air.25. A) The root cause for misinterpretations of scientific findings.B) The difficulty in understanding what’s actually happening.C) The steps to be taken in arriving at any conclusion with certainty.D) The necessity of continually re-examining and challenging findings.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.A rainbow is a multi-colored, arc-shaped phenomenon that can appearin the sky. The colors of a rainbow are produced by the reflectionand____26____of light through water droplets (小滴) present in the atmosphere. An observer may____27____a rainbow to be located either near or far away, but this phenomenon is not actually located at any specific spot. Instead, the appearance of a rainbow depends entirely upon the position of the observer in____28____to the direction of light. In essence, a rainbow is an____29____illusion.Rainbows present a____30____made up of seven colors in a specific order. In fact, school children in many English-speaking countries are taught to remember the name “Roy G. Biv” as an aid for remembering the colors of a rainbow and their order. “Roy G. Biv”____31____for: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. The outer edge of the rainbow arc is red, while the inner edge is violet.A rainbow is formed when light (generally sunlight) passes through water droplets____32____in the atmosphere. The light waves change direction as they pass through the water droplets, resulting in two processes: reflection and refraction (折射). When light reflects off a water droplet, it simply____33____back in the opposite direction from where it____34____. When light refracts, it takes a different direction. Some individuals refer to refracted light as “bent light waves.” A rainbow is formed because white light enters the water droplet, where it bends in several different directions. When these bent light waves reach the other side of the water droplet, they reflect back out of the droplet instead of____35____passing through the water. Since the white light is separated inside of the water, the refracted light appears as separate colors to the human eye.A) bouncesB) completelyC) dispersionD) eccentricE) hangingF) opticalG) originatesH) perceiveI) permeatesJ) ponderK) precedingL) recklesslyM) relationN) spectrumO) standsSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with tenstatements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Blame your worthless workdays on meeting recovery syndromeA) Phyllis Hartman knows what it’s like to make one’s way through the depths of office meeting hell. Managers at one of her former human resources jobs arranged so many meetings that attendees would fall asleep at the table or intentionally arrive late. With hours of her day blocked up with unnecessary meetings, she was often forced to make up her work during overtime. “I was actually working more hours than I probably would have needed to get the work done,” says Hartman, who is founder and president of PGHR Consulting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.B) She isn’t alone in her frustration. Between 11 million and 55 million meetings are held each day in the United States, costing most organisations between 7% and 15% of their personnel budgets. Every week, employees spend about six hours in meetings, while the average manager meets for a staggering 23 hours.C) And though experts agree that traditional meetings are essential for making certain decisions and developing strategy, some employees view them as one of the most unnecessary parts of the workday. The result is not only hundreds of billions of wasted dollars, but an annoyance of what organisational psychologists call “meeting recovery syndrome (MRS)”: time spent cooling off and regaining focus after a useless meeting. If you run to the office kitchen to get some relief with colleagues after a frustrating meeting,you’re likely experiencing meeting recovery syndrome.D) Meeting recovery syndrome is a concept that should be familiar to almost anyone who has held a formal job. It isn’t ground-breaking to say workers feel fatigued after a meeting, but only in recent decades have scientists deemed the condition worthy of further investigation. With its links to organisational efficiency and employee wellbeing, MRS has attracted the attention of psychologists aware of the need to understand its precise causes and cures.E) Today, in so far as researchers can hypothesise, MRS is most easily understood as a slow renewal of finite mental and physical resources. When an employee sits through an ineffective meeting their brain power is essentially being drained away. Meetings drain vitality if they last too long, fail to engage employees or turn into one-sided lectures. The conservation of resources theory, originally proposed in 1989 by Dr. Stevan Hobfoll, states that psychological stress occurs when a person’s resources are threatened or lost. When resources are low, a person will shift into defence to conserve their remaining supply. In the case ofoffice meetings, where some of employees’ most valuable resources are their focus, alertness and motivation, this can mean an abrupt halt in productivity as they take time to recover.F) As humans, when we transition from one task to another on the job —say from sitting in a meeting to doing normal work—it takes an effortful cognitive switch. We must detach ourselves from the previous task and expend significant mental energy to move on. If we are already drained to dangerous levels, then making the mental switch to the next thing is extra tough. It’s common to see people cyber-loafing after a frustrating meeting, going and getting coffee, interrupting a colleague and telling them about the meeting, and so on.G) Each person’s ability to recover from horrible meetings is different. Some can bounce back quickly, while others carry their fatigue until the end of the workday. Yet while no formal MRS studies are currently underway, one can loosely speculate on the length of an average employee’s lag time. Switching tasks in a non-MRS condition takes about 10 to 15 minutes. With MRS, it may take as long as 45 minutes on average. It’s even worse when a worker has several meetings that are separated by 30 minutes. “Not enough time to transition in a non-MRS situation to get anything done, and in an MRS situation, not quite enough time to recover for the next meeting,” says researcher Joseph Allen. “Then, add the compounding of back-to-back bad meetings and we may have an epidemic on our hands.”H) In an effort to combat the side effects of MRS, Allen, along with researcher Joseph Mroz and colleagues at the University of Nebraska-Omaha, published a study detailing the best ways to avoid common traps, including a concise checklist of do’s and don’ts applicable to any workplace. Drawing from around 200 papers to compile their comprehensive list, Mroz and his team may now hold a remedy to the largely undefined problem of MRS.I) Mroz says a good place to start is asking ourselves if our meetings are even necessary in the first place. If all that’s on the agenda is a quick catch-up, or some non-urgent information sharing, it may better suit the group to send around an email instead. “The second thing I would always recommend is keep the meeting as small as possible,” says Mroz. “If they don’t actually have some kind of immediate input, then they can follow up later. They don’t need to be sitting in this hour-long meeting.” Less time in meetings would ultimately lead to more employee engagement in the meetings they do attend, which experts agree is a proven remedy for MRS.J) Employees also feel taxed when they are invited together to meetings that don’t inspire participation, says Cliff Scott, professor of organisational science. It takes precious time for them to vent their emotions, complain and try to regain focus after a pointless meeting—one of the main traps of MRS. Over time as employees find themselves tied up in more and more unnecessary meetings—and thus dealing with increasing lag times from MRS—the waste of workday hours can feel insulting.K) Despite the relative scarcity of research behind the subject, Hartman has taught herself many of the same tricks suggested in Mroz’s study, and has come a long way since her days of being stuck with unnecessary meetings. The people she invites to meetings today include not just the essential employees, but also representatives from every department that might have a stake in the issue at hand. Managers like her, who seek input even from non-experts to shape their decisions, can find greater support and cooperation from their workforce, she says.L) If an organisation were to apply all 22 suggestions from Mroz and Allen’s findings, the most noticeable difference would be a stark decrease in the total number of meetings on the schedule, Mroz says. Lesstime in meetings would ultimately lead to increased productivity,which is the ultimate objective of convening a meeting. While none of the counter-MRS ideas have been tested empirically yet, Allen says one trick with promise is for employees to identify things that quickly change their mood from negative to positive. As simple as it sounds, finding a personal happy place, going there and then coming straight back to work might be key to facilitating recovery.M) Leaders should see also themselves as “stewards of everyone else’s valuable time”, adds Steven Rogelberg, author of The Surprising Science of Meetings. Having the skills to foresee potential traps and treat employees’ endurance with care allows leaders to provide effective short-term deterrents to MRS.N) Most important, however, is for organisations to awaken to the concept of meetings being flexible, says Allen. By reshaping the way they prioritise employees’ time, companies can eliminate the very sources of MRS in their tracks.36. Although employees are said to be fatigued by meetings, the condition has not been considered worthy of further research until recently. 37. Mroz and his team compiled a list of what to do and what not to do to remedy the problem of MRS.38. Companies can get rid of the root cause of MRS if they give priority to workers’ time.39. If workers are exhausted to a dangerous degree, it is extremely hard for them to transition to the next task.40. Employees in America spend a lot of time attending meetings while the number of hours managers meet is several times more.41. Phyllis Hartman has learned by herself many of the ways Mroz suggested in his study and made remarkable success in freeing herself fromunnecessary meetings.42. When meetings continue too long or don’t engage employees, they deplete vitality.43. When the time of meetings is reduced, employees will be more engaged in the meetings they do participate in.44. Some employees consider meetings one of the most dispensable parts of the workday.45. According to Mroz, if all his suggestions were applied, a very obvious change would be a steep decrease in the number of meetings scheduled.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Sarcasm and jazz have something surprisingly in common: You know them when you hear them. Sarcasm is mostly understood through tone of voice, which is used to portray the opposite of the literal words. For example, when someone says, “Well, that’s exactly what I need right now,” their tone can tell you it’s not what they need at all.Most frequently, sarcasm highlights an irritation or is, quite simply, mean.If you want to be happier and improve your relationships, cut out sarcasm. Why? Because sarcasm is actually hostility disguised as humor.Despite smiling outwardly, many people who receive sarcastic comments feel put down and often think the sarcastic person is rude, or contemptible. Indeed, it’s not surprising that the origin of the word sarcasm derives from the Greek word “sarkazein” which literally means “to tear or strip the flesh off.” Hence, it’s no wonder that sarcasm is often preceded by the word “cutting” and that it hurts.What’s more, since actions strongly determine thoughts and feelings, when a person consistently acts sarcastically it may only serve to heighten their underlying hostility and insecurity. After all, when you come right down to it, sarcasm can be used as a subtle form of bullying —and most bullies are angry, insecure, or cowardly.Alternatively, when a person stops voicing negative comments, especially sarcastic ones, they may soon start to feel happier and more self-confident. Also, other people in their life benefit even more because they no longer have to hear the emotionally hurtful language of sarcasm.Now, I’m not saying all sarcasm is bad. It may just be better usedsparingly—like a potent spice in cooking. Too much of the spice, and the dish will be overwhelmed by it. Similarly, an occasional dash of sarcastic wit can spice up a chat and add an element of humor to it. But a big or steady serving of sarcasm will overwhelm the emotional flavor of any conversation and can taste very bitter to its recipient.So, tone down the sarcasm and work on clever wit instead, which is usually without any hostility and thus more appreciated by those you’re communicating with. In essence, sarcasm is easy while true, harmless wit takes talent.Thus, the main difference between wit and sarcasm is that, as already stated, sarcasm is often hostility disguised as humor. It can be intended to hurt and is often bitter and biting. Witty statements are usually in response to someone’s unhelpful remarks or behaviors, and the intent is to untangle and clarify the issue by emphasizing its absurdities. Sarcastic statements are expressed in a cutting manner; witty remarks are delivered with undisguised and harmless humor.46. Why does the author say sarcasm and jazz have something surprisingly in common?A) Both are recognized when heard.B) Both have exactly the same tone.C) Both mean the opposite of what they appear to.D) Both have hidden in them an evident irritation.47. How do many people feel when they hear sarcastic comments?A) They feel hostile towards the sarcastic person.B) They feel belittled and disrespected.C) They feel a strong urge to retaliate.D) They feel incapable of disguising their irritation.48. What happens when a person consistently acts sarcastically?A) They feel their dignity greatly heightened.B) They feel increasingly insecure and hostile.C) They endure hostility under the disguise of humor.D) They taste bitterness even in pleasant interactions.49. What does the author say about people quitting sarcastic comments?A) It makes others happier and more self-confident.B) It restrains them from being irritating and bullying.C) It benefits not only themselves but also those around them.D) It shields them from negative comments and outright hostility.50. What is the chief difference between a speaker’s wit and sarcasm?A) Their clarity.B) Their appreciation.C) Their emphasis.D) Their intention.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Variability is crucially important for learning new skills. Consider learning how to serve in tennis. Should you always practise serving from the exactly same location on the court, aiming at the same spot? Although practising in more variable conditions will be slower at first, it will likely make you a better tennis player in the end. This is because variability leads to better generalisation of what is learned.This principle is found in many domains, including speech perception and learning categories. For instance, infants will struggle to learn the category “dog” if they are only exposed to Chihuahuas, instead of many different kinds of dogs.“There are over ten different names for this basic principle,” says Limor Raviv, the senior investigator of a recent study. “Learning from less variable input is often fast, but may fail to generalise to new stimuli.”To identify key patterns and understand the underlying principles of variability effects, Raviv and her colleagues reviewed over 150 studies on variability and generalisation across fields, including computer science, linguistics, categorisation, visual perception and formal education.The researchers discovered that, across studies, the term variability can refer to at least four different kinds of variability, such as set size and scheduling. “These four kinds of variability have never been directly compared—which means that we currently don’t know which is most effective for learning,” says Raviv.The impact of variability depends on whether it is relevant to the task or not. But according to the ‘Mr. Miyagi principle’, practising seemingly unrelated skills may actually benefit learning of other skills.But why does variability impact learning and generalisation? One theory is that more variable input can highlight which aspects of a task are relevant and which are not.Another theory is that greater variability leads to broader generalisations. This is because variability will represent the real world better, including atypical (非典型的) examples.A third reason has to do with the way memory works: when training is variable, learners are forced to actively reconstruct their memories.“Understanding the impact of variability is important for literally every aspect of our daily life. Beyond affecting the way we learn language, motor skills, and categories, it even has an impact on our social lives,”explains Raviv. “For example, face recognition is affected by whether people grew up in a small community or in a larger community. Exposure to fewer faces during childhood is associated with diminished face memory.”“We hope this work will spark people’ s curiosity and generate morework on the topic,” concludes Raviv.“Our paper raises a lot of open questions. Can we find similar effects of variability beyond the brain, for instance, in the immune system?”51. What does the passage say about infants learning the category “dog”if they are exposed to Chihuahuas only?A) They will encounter some degree of difficulty.B) They will try to categorise other objects first.C) They will prefer Chihuahuas to other dog species.D) They will imagine Chihuahuas in various conditions.52. What does Raviv say about the four different kinds of variability?A) Which of them is most relevant to the task at hand is to be confirmed.B) Why they have an impact on learning is far from being understood.C) Why they have never been directly compared remains a mystery.D) Which of them is most conducive to learning is yet to be identified.53. How does one of the theories explain the importance of variability for learning new skills?A) Learners regard variable training as typical of what happens in the real world.B) Learners receiving variable training are compelled to reorganise their memories.C) Learners pay attention to the relevant aspects of a task and ignore those irrelevant.D) Learners focus on related skills instead of wasting time and effort on unrelated ones.54. What does the passage say about face recognition?A) People growing up in a small community may find it easy to remember familiar faces.B) Face recognition has a significant impact on literally every aspect of our social lives.C) People growing up in a large community can readily recognise any individual faces.D) The size of the community people grow up in impacts their face recognition ability.55. What does Raviv hope to do with their research work?A) Highlight which aspects of a task are relevant and which are not to learning a skill.B) Use the principle of variability in teaching seemingly unrelated skills in education.C) Arouse people’s interest in variability and stimulate more research on the topic.D) Apply the principle of variability to such fields of study as the immune system.。

2005年6月PRETCO A真题

PRACTICAL ENGLISH TEST FOR COLLEGES――Level A ――2005 年6 月Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A1. A) He didn’t like that computer.B) He didn’t find what he liked.C) The price of the computer was too highD) That type of computer was sold out2. A) Go to a lecture. B) Go to a concert.C) Go shopping D) Go sightseeing.3. A) Write a letter for the woman. C) Drive the woman home.B) Take the woman to the office D) Finish the report for the woman4. A) She was tired of reading it. C) She didn’t think much of itB) She liked it very much D) She wasn’t interested in it .5. A) When he can receive the order. C) When he should send the order.B) What the order number is D) What’s wrong with the order. Section BConversation 16. A) Three weeks ago. B) Last monthC) Last week D) Last Monday7. A) Install more machines. C) Buy more machinesB) Test the machines. D) Sell the machines Conversation 28. A) Sightseeing around the city. C) Shopping in the cityB) Attending a meeting D) Giving a party9. A) This afternoon. C) Tomorrow morning.B) This evening. D) Tomorrow afternoon10. A) At the party B) At he meetingC) In the office D) In the hotelSection C11. What can visitors see at the exhibition?They can see most of the latest of the company.12.Which section do the visitors go to see first?The section.13. For whom are the product specially designed?For .14.What’s special about the keyboard?Its keys are .15. What kind of sound does the mouse produce?It produces soundsPart ⅡStructureSection A16. Susan gets onto the top of a tall building, she will fell very much frightened.A) Now that B)Even though C) Every time D) Only if17.The chair looks rather unusual in shape, but it is very comfortable to sitA) by B) on C) with D) at18. ow to deal with the trouble of the computer, Martin had to ask his brother for help.A) Not know B) Not known C) Not to know D) Not knowing19. It’s said that the agreement between the two companies last monthsill become effective from May 1st.A) to sign B) signed C) to be signed D) signing20. Many people have found uncomfortable to hold the same position fora long time.A) it B) which C) this D) that21. He doesn’t fell like a picnic in the park this weekend, and he suggestedwatching the football match instead.A) have B) to have C) having D) had22. It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary I went downtown yesterday.A) but B) and C) why D) that23. Though he well prepared before the job interview, he failed to answersome important questionsA) will be B) would be C) has been D) had been24. The cost of traveling around the eight European countries can run ashigh $2,000.A) to B) as C) by D) for25. This book is designed for the learners native languages are not EnglishA) whose B) which C) who D) what Section B26. We are not short of raw materials at the moment, but we need reliable (equip).27. For those foreign students who ate interested in (learn) Chinese, theuniversity offers a Chinese training program every summer.28. Before the flight takes off, all passengers (ask) to fasten their seat belts29. A guest in this hotel accused one of the hotel staff of (steal) his money.30. We surely (find) a good solution to the technical problems in the near future.31 .He might not have been killed in the traffic accident yesterday if he (fasten)the seat belt32. Following the (success) settlement of the strike, the train service isnow back to normal.33. The more challenging the journey is, the (happy) the young people will fell34. With his knowledge and experience, he is no doubt (qualify) for the task.35. If a business wants to sell its products (international) , itshould do some world market research fist.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Task 1In Britain there is a National Health Service (NHS) which is paid for by taxes and National Insurance, and in general people do not have to pay for medical treatment. Every person is registered with a doctor in his or her local area, known as a general practitioner(全科医生)or GP. This means that their names are on the GP’s list, and they may make an appointment to see the doctor or may call the doctor out to visit them if they are ill. People sometimes do have to pay part if the cost of drugs that the doctor prescribes. GPs are trained in general medicine but are not specialists in any particular subject. If a patient needs to see a specialist doctor, they must first go to their GP and then the GP will make an appointment for the patient to see a specialist at a hospital or clinic.Although everyone in Britain can have free treatment under the NHS, it is also possible for him to have treatment done privately, for which he has to pay. Some people have private health insurance to help them pay for private treatment. Under the NHS, people who need to go to hospital may have to wait for a long time on a waiting list for their treatment. Anyone who is very ill can call an ambulance(救户车) and get taken to hospital for free urgent medical treatment. Ambulances are a free service in Britain.36. In Britain, the Nation Health Service refers to .A) a local hospital C) a medical care systemB) a medicine supplier D) an insurance company37. Under the National Health Service, British citizens .A) are all registered with a general practitionerB) do not need to buy private health insuranceC) can only go to see a general practitionerD) cannot call in a general practitioner38. People buy private health insurance in order toA) pay for the ambulance service C) see a general practitionerB) receive free urgent treatment D) have private treatment39. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A) People in Britain do not have to pay for any kind of medical careB) People in Britain may wait long for their free medical treatment.C) In Britain you have to pay for ambulance service.D) British private medical insurance is free.40. What is this passage mainly about?A) Private medical care in Britain. C) Taxes and free medical care.B) Roles of general practitioner. D) Health services in Britain. Task 2CHICAGO(AP) On jan.1,an order went into effect requiring that every checked bag at more than 400 of the nation’s commercial airports be screened(扫描检查) for bombs and weapons.Sunday was expected to be the heaviest travel day since jan.1. Yet spot checks on Sunday at several of the nation’s airports showed no major delays caused by the new security measures.At the international terminal for Northeast Airlines at john F. Kennedy International Airport in New York, passengers waited up to 30 minutes longer than usual. Their bags were sent through giant screening machines and workers tore open taped boxes and searched through their contents before closing them up again.Most travelers simply accepted stricter screening developed since the terrorist(恐怖分子的)attacks on Sept.11, 2001, before which only 5 percent of the roughly 2 million bags checked each day were screened for bombs.The U.S. Government has put an additional 2,000 people into airports to carry out the new order.Sonny Salgatar, a 23-year-old college student flying home to San Diego from Chicago, was something he couldn’t identify and he wanted to open the bag for an inspectionThe “hot” item turned out to be Salgatar’s clothing iron.“Listen, anything they want to do for security is OK for m e,” Salgatar said.41. The new measure was adopted to guard againstA) terrorist attacks B) luggage damage C) flight delays D) air crash42. The word “hot” (Line2, Para.6) most probably meansA) heated B) popular C) expensive D) suspicious43. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A) Major delays were caused after the security order went into effect.B) Most passengers regard the new measure as necessaryC) Passengers complain about longer delay at the airportD) Three will be more and striver security measure taken?44. What was the attitude of Sonny Salgatar towards the security measure taken?A) He was annoyed. C) he thought it uselessB) He had no objection. D) He didn't worry about it45. The best title of the passage might be .A) Fear of Terrorist Attacks C) New Security Measures AdoptedB) Latest Screening Technology D) Inspection of Bombs and Weapons Task 3To: All EmployeesForm: Berry E.Silver, PresidentDate: Oct.22,2004Subject: Our goals for the next yearMarketing and salesOur present sales program has help us to improve our sales by slightly over 15%, but I am setting a goal of a 25% increase in sales for the next year . to help makethis goal possible , I am announcing today the expansion(扩大) of our Marketing Department.Research and development (R&D)any company in our business must make great efforts to develop new and better products. Our R&D will certainly make us more competitive. But creative ideas to not come from only R&D departments; they also come from the creative think and participation of all employees. One way we have begun to collect the suggestions of our employees is through our new computerized networkHuman ResourcesOur company’s most valuable resources are its employees. In the years ahead I would like to see our efforts doubled in on –the –job training. To achieve this goal I have asked BarBara Johnson to head a new department, Human Resources and Employee Development, which will coordinate(协调) a company-wide effort.2) Measure to be taken : to appoint Barbara Johnson to head 50Task 4A----collective action B---- competitor analysisC---- corporate restructuring D---- gain sharingE---- employee in evolvement F---- hostile takeoverG---- human resource management H---- joint ventureI---- psychological support J---- performance-related payK-----pay secrecy L-----cross trainingM-----holding company N-----corporate cultureO-----board of directors P-----background checking Example:企业文化（N）合资企业（H）Task 5Sear Sirs,Today we have received your bill for 150 name-bearing(刻有名字的)crystal vases(花瓶)which you sent us the other day.We had ordered these vases on condition that they should reach us by the end of June. But they arrived here 15 days behind the schedule.The customers refused to accept the goods because they arrived too late. Since the vases bear their names, we cannot sell them to other customers. So we asked the customers again and again to take the vases, and finally they agreed to accept them, but at a price cut of 30%.You may understand how we have lost the customer’s confidence in us. In this situation, we have to ask you to compensate for the loss we have suffered. We are looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours faithfully,G.Pastry56. What was the problem with the delivery of the vases?They arrived 15 days .57. When did the vases actually arrive?In the middle of .58. Why couldn’t the vases be sold to other customers ?Because they were bearing .59. In what condition did the customers accept the goods?At a price cut of .60. What was the purpose of this letter?To ask the supplier toParr IV Translation——from English to Chinese (25 minutes) 61. It is generally accepted that old people should have a share in the rewards foematerial and cultural advancements to which they have made contributions.A)不言而喻，老年人应该享有一份回报，因为他们曾经为物质和文化作出过贡献。

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★★ 2005年6月英语六级真题及其答案 Part ⅠListening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section A: Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Example: You will hear: You will read: A) 2 hours. B) 3 hours. C) 4 hours. D) 5 hours. From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish by 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose ［D］ on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre. Sample Answer ［A］［B］［C］［D］ 1. A) It will reduce government revenues.B) It will stimulate business activities.C) It will mainly benefit the wealthy.D) It will cut the stockholders’ dividends. 2. A) She will do her best if the job is worth doing.B) She prefers a life of continued exploration.C) She will stick to the job if the pay is good.D) She doesn’t think much of job-hopping. 3. A) Stop thinking about the matter.B) Talk the drug user out of the habit.C) Be more friendly to his schoolmate.D) Keep his distance from drug addicts. 4. A) The son. B) The father.C) The mother. D) Aunt Louise. 5. A) Stay away for a couple of weeks.B) Check the locks every two weeks.C) Look after the Johnsons’ house.D) Move to another place. 6. A) He would like to warm up for the game.B) He didn’t want to be held up in traffic.C) He didn’t want to miss the game.D) He wanted to catch as many game birds as possible. 7. A) It was burned down. B) It was robbed.C) It was blown up. D) It was closed down. 8. A) She isn’t going to change her major.B) She plans to major in tax law.C) She studies in the same school as her brother.D) She isn’t going to work in her brother’s firm. 9. A) The man should phone the hotel for directions.B) The man can ask the department store for help.C) She doesn’t have the hotel’s phone number.D) The hotel is just around the corner. 10. A) she doesn’t expect to finish all her work in thirty minutes.B) She has to do a lot of things within a short time.C) She has been overworking for a long time.D) She doesn’t know why there are so many things to do. Section B Compound Dictation注意：听力理解的B节（Section B）为复合式听写（Compound Dictation），题目在试卷二上，现在请取出试卷二。

Part Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C),and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage One Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Low-level slash-and-burn farming doesn’t harm rainforest. On the contrary, it helps farmers and improves forest soils. This is the unorthodox view of a German soil scientist who has shown that burnt clearings in the Amazon, dating back more than 1,000 years, helped create patches of rich, fertile soil that farmers still benefit from today. Most rainforest soils are thin and poor because they lack minerals and because the heat and heavy rainfall destroy most organic matter in the soils within four years of it reaching the forest floor. This means topsoil contains few of the ingredients needed for long-term successful farming. But Bruno Glaser, a soil scientist of the University of Bayreuth, has studied unexpected patches of fertile soils in the central Amazon. These soils contain lots of organic matter.Glaser has shown that most of this fertile organic matter comes from “black carbon”-the organic particles from camp fires and charred (烧成炭的) wood left over from thousands of years of slash-and-burn farming. ”The soils, known as Terra Preta, contained up to 70times more black carbon than the surrounding soil, ”says Glaser.Unburnt vegetation rots quickly, but black carbon persists in the soil for many centuries. Radiocarbon dating shows that the charred wood in Terra Preta soils is typically more than 1,000 years old.“Slash-and-burn farming can be good for soils provided it doesn’t completelyburn all the vegetation, and leaves behind charred wood,” says Glaser. “It can be better than manure (粪肥).” Burning the forest just once can leave behind enough black carbon to keep the soil fertile for thousands of years. And rainforests easily regrow after small-scale clearing. Contrary to the conventional view that human activities damage the environment, Glaser says: ”Black carbon combined with human wastes is responsible for the richness of Terra Preta soils.”Terra Preta soils turn up in large patches all over the Amazon, where they are highly prized by farmers. All the patches fall within 500 square kilometers in the central Amazon. Glaser says the widespread presence of pottery (陶器) confirms the soil’s human origins.The findings add weight to the theory that large areas of the Amazon have recovered so well from past periods of agricultural use that the regrowth has been mistaken by generations of biologists for “virgin” forest.During the past decade, researchers have discovered hundreds of large earth works deep in the jungle. They are up to 20 meters high and cover up to a square kilometer. Glaser claims that these earth works, built between AD 400 and 1400, were at the heart of urban civilizations. Now it seems the richness of the Terra Preta soils may explain how such civilizations managed to feed themselves.11. We learn from the passage that the traditional view of slash-and-burn farming is that .A) it does no harm to the topsoil of the rainforestB) it destroys rainforest soilsC) it helps improve rainforest soilsD) it diminishes the organic matter in rainforest soils 12. Most rainforest soils are thin and poor because .A) the composition of the topsoil is rather unstableB) black carbon is washed away by heavy rainsC) organic matter is quickly lost due to heat and rainD) long-term farming has exhausted the ingredients essential to plant growth 13. Glaser made his discovery by .A) studying patches of fertile soils in the central AmazonB) examining pottery left over by ancient civilizationsC) test-burning patches of trees in the central AmazonD) radiocarbon-dating ingredients contained in forest soils 14. What does Glaser say about the regrowth of rainforests?A) They take centuries to regrow after being burnt.B) They cannot recover unless the vegetation is burnt completely.C) Their regrowth will be hampered by human habitation.D) They can recover easily after slash-and-burn farming. 15. From the passage it can be inferred that .A) human activities will do grave damage to rainforestsB) Amazon rainforest soils used to be the richest in the worldC) farming is responsible for the destruction of the Amazon rainforestsD) there once existed an urban civilization in the Amazon rainforestsPassage TwoQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isn’t the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europe’s new economic landscape, embraced by