2016年大连海事大学外国语言学及应用语言学真题(完整版)凯程首发

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考研热门专业解析之外国语言学及应用语言学

考研热门专业解析之外国语言学及应用语言学(一)专业解析1. 学科简介外国语言学及应用语言学是外国语言文学一级学科下设的一个二级学科。

本学科以形式语言学的基本假设为理论指导，以音系学、句法学、形式语义学和语言习得为主要教学和研究内容，同时从事应用语言学具体领域的教学与研究。

本专业是国内唯一能够覆盖形式语言学四大基础理论领域(音系学、句法学、形式语义学和语言习得)的外国语言学及应用语言学专业。

2. 培养目标(1)进一步学习和掌握马克思主义基本原理,坚持党的基本路线, 热爱祖国,遵纪守法, 具有良好的职业道德与团结合作精神,积极为社会主义现代化建设服务。

(2)培养从事外国语言学及应用语言学研究、高校教学或口、笔译的硕士研究生。

他们必须牢固掌握本学科的基础理论与系统专门知识，较深入地了解国外语言学、应用语言学、外语教育学及翻译的理论、源流与最新发展趋势。

(3)熟练地掌握第二外国语。

(4)身心健康。

3. 研究方向01 语言学及应用语言学02 翻译学03 双语词典学04 计算机辅助英语教学(注：各个招生单位研究方向略有不同，以上以南京大学为例)4. 考试科目①101 政治②222 俄语或223 日语或224 德语或225 法语③653 基础英语④963 英语语言学(各个招生单位考试科目略有不同，以上以南京大学为例)5. 相近学科与此专业相关的学科有：英语语言文学、俄语语言文学、法语语言文学、德语语言文学、日语语言文学、印度语言文学、西班牙语语言文学、阿拉伯语语言文学、欧洲语言文学等。

(二)课程设置以华中师范大学为例该专业主要必修课程有：公共课：科学社会主义理论与实践、马列经典著作选读、第二外国语(上)、第二外国语(下)专业课：普通语言学导论、文体学、翻译学、外语教育学、外语教育科研方法(三)推荐院校以下院校是该专业研究生院实力较强者，建议选报：北京外国语大学、广东外语外贸大学、南京大学、上海外国语大学、中山大学、北京师范大学、上海交通大学、对外经济贸易大学、东南大学、复旦大学、中南大学、南京师范大学等。

2016-英语语言学期末试题练习-+答案

英语语言学练习题Ⅰ. MatchingMatch each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in Column B.Column A1.displacementngue3.suprasegmental feature4.deep structure5.predication analysis6.idiolect7.pidgin8.mistakes 9.interlanguage10.motivation11.arbitrarinesspetence13.broad transcription14.morphology15.category16.errorsponential analysis18.context19.blending20.culture21.learning strategies22.selectional restrictions23.phrase structure rules24.culture diffusionColumn BA.Learners’ independent system of the second language, which is of neither the native languagenor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language. 9B.Learner’s attitudes and affective state or learning drive, having a strong impact on his efforts nlearning a second language. 21C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. 23D.Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part ofculture B. 24E. A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social,gender, and age variations. 6F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speakdifferent languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents----- arguments and predicates. 5H.They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. 22I.The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s subcategorizationproperties. 4J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3K.The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14L.The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1N.Learner’s conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10O.The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20P.The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18Q.The way of word formation by which new words may be formed by combining parts of other words. 19R. A group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language, such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb. 15S. A way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. This approach believes that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components. 17T.The ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language.12U.One of the properties of human language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. 11V. A way to transcribe speech sounds with letter-symbols only. 13W.They reflect gaps in a learner’s knowledge of the target language, not self-corrigible. 16X.They reflect occasional lapses in performance. 8Ⅱ.Blank-filling.Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.1.“A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” This quotation is a good illustration of thea____ nature of language. Arbitrary2.The description of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronic study; thedescription of a language as it changes through time is a d____ study. Diachronic3.Chomsky defines c____ as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language, andperformance the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.Competence4.In the production of vowels the air stream coming from the lungs meets with no o____. Thismarks the essential difference between vowels and consonants. Obstruction5.The different phones that can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments arecalled the a____ of the phoneme. Allophone6.Allophones of the same phoneme cannot occur in the same phonetic environment. They aresaid to be in c____ distribution. Complementary7.When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation,they are collectively known as i____. Intonation8.The m____ unit of meaning is traditionally called morpheme. Minimum9.I____ morphemes are bound morphemes that are for the most part purely grammaticalmarkers, signifying such concepts as tense, number, case and so on. Inflectional10.Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain three elements: head, specifier,and c____. Complement11.Concerning the study of meaning, conceptualist view holds that there is no direct linkbetween a linguistic form and what it refers to; rather, in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of c____ in the mind. concept12.The sense relation between “animal” and “dog” is called h____.hyponymy13.P____ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.Polysemy14.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaningthe c____ of use is taken into consideration. Context15.S____ refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class. Sociolect16.WHO is an a____ derived from the initials of “World Health Organization”. Acronym17.According to Halliday, language varies as its function varies; it differs in different situations.The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a r____.Register18.In cross-cultural communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become partof culture B, thus bringing about the phenomenon of cultural d____. Diffusion19.While the first language is acquired s____, the second or foreign language is more commonlylearned consciously. Subconsciouslynguage a______ refers to a natural ability for learning a second language. Acquisition21.Vibration of vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called “v”, which is afeature of all vowels and some consonants in English. V oice22.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segment are called s____ features.Suprasegmental23.Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words and rules for word f____.Formation24.The minimal unit of meaning is traditionally called m____. Morpheme25.The sense relation between “autumn” and “fall” is called s____. Synonym26.H____ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form,i.e. , different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. Homonymy27.In daily communication, people do not always observe the four maxims of the co-operativeprinciple. Conversational i____ would arise when the maxims are flouted. Implicature28.SARS is an a____ derived from the initials of “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome”.Acronym29.I____ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regardingregional, social, gender, and age variations. Idiolect30.RP, the sh ort form of “R____ Pronunciation” refers to the particular way of pronouncingstandard English. ReceivedⅢ.Multiple choice.Choose the best answer to the following items.1.____ is considered to be the father of modern linguistics.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. Leonard BloomfieldD. M. A. K. Halliday2.In the scope of linguistics, ____ form the part of language which links together the soundpattern and meaning.A. morphology and syntaxB. phonetics and semanticsC. semantics and syntaxD. morphology and semantics3.____ studies the sounds from the hearer’s point of view, i.e., how the sounds are perceived bythe hearer.A. auditory phoneticsB. acoustic phoneticsC. articulatory phonetics4.Which of the following words begins with a velar voiced stop ____A. godB. bossC. cockD. dog5.Which of the following words ends with a dental, voiceless fricative ____A. roseB. waveC. clothD. massage6.Which of the following words contains a back, open and unrounded vowel ____A. godB. bootC. walkD. task7.Which of the following is Not a velar sound _____A. [h]B. [k]C. [g]D. [?]8.Which of the following is Not a minimal pair____A. bat, biteB. kill, pillC. peak, pig,D. meat, seat9.Which of the following is an open class words____A. emailB. butC. theD. they10.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the inflectional morphemes except____.A. paintsB. painterC. paintedD. painting11.Which of the following words has more than three morphemes ____A. psychophysicsB. boyfriendsC. forefatherD. undesirability12.The pair of words “dead and alive” is called ____.A.gradable antonymsB. relational oppositesC. complementary antonyms13.Which pair of the following words can be categorized as stylistic synonyms____A. torch & flashlightB. die & deceaseC. amaze & astoundD. luggage & baggage14.X: John has given up smoking.Y: John used to smoke.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y15.X: My father has been to London.Y: My father has been to UK.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y16.When we violate any of the maxims of Co-operative Principle, our language might become____.A. impoliteB. incorrectC. indirectD. unclear17.According to Searl’s classification of speech acts, which of the following is an instance ofdirectives ____A.I fire you!B.Your money or your life!C.I’m sorry for the mess I have made.D.I have never seen the man before.18.Which of the following words is entirely arbitraryA. treeB. crashC. typewriterD. bang19.The word “Kodak” is a(n) ____.A. blendB. coined wordC. clipped wordD. acronym20.Which of the following words is Not formed by means of clipping_____A. memoB. motelC. quakeD. gym21.According to Halliday, mode of discourse refers to the _____ of communication.A. subjectB. roleC. situationD. means22.Which of the following theories of language acquisition believes that language learning issimply a matter of imitation and habit formation ____.A.The behaviorist viewB. The innatist viewC. The interactionist viewD. The cognitive theory23.Which of the following sentences is an example of overgeneralization ____.A.Jane told me to give up smoking.B.Jane asked me to give up smoking.C.Jane advised me to give up smoking.D.Jane suggested me to give up smoking.24.Which of the following hypotheses is put forth by Dr. Krashen ____.A.Critical Period HypothesisB. Input HypothesisC. Language Acquisition Device HypothesisD. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis25.Who among the following linguists put forward Co-operative PrinciplesA.Paul GriceB. John SearleC. KrashenD. Leech26.Which of the following linguists is the initiator of transformational generative grammarA. F. de SaussureB. N. ChomskyC. G. LeechD. M. A. K. Halliday27.When a ______ comes to be adopted by a population as its primary language and childrenlearn it as their first language, it becomes .B. A. creole... pidgin B. pidgin... creoleC. C. regional dialect... sociolectD. sociolect ... regional dialect28.____ studies the sounds from the speaker’s point of view, i.e., how a speaker uses his speechorgans to articulate speech sounds.A. Auditory phoneticsB. Acoustic phoneticsC. Articulatory phonetics29.We know the verb “put” requires an NP followed by a PP or Adv. Thus, the process of puttingwords of the same lexical category into smaller classes according to their syntactic characteristic is called .A. categorizationB. subcategorizationC. syntactic categoriesD. coordination30.Which of the following words contains a front, close and unrounded vowel ____A. badB. bedC. beatD. but31.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the derivational morphemes except____.A. fasterB. writerC. lovelyD. conversion32.Which of the following is an open class words____A. emailB. butC. theD. they33.The pair of words “borrow and lend” is called ____.A.gradable antonymsB. relational oppositesC. complementary antonyms34.Which pair of the following words can be categorized as collocational synonyms____A. torch & flashlightB. pretty & handsomeC. amaze & astoundD. luggage & baggage35.X: My sister will soon be divorced.Y: My sister is a married woman.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y36.X: John married a blond heiress.Y: John married a blond.The sentence relation between X and Y is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is contradictory with Y37.According to Searl’s classification of speech acts, which of the following is Not an instanceof directives ____A. Open the window!B. Your money or your life!C. Would you like to go to the picnic with usD. I have never seen the man before.38.The word “brunch” is a(n) ____.A. blendB. coined wordC. clipped wordD. acronym39.According to Halliday, field of discourse refers to the _____ of communication.A. subjectB. roleC. situationD. means40.There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" isknown as a( n)A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form41.Which of the following theories of language acquisition holds that human beings arebiologically programmed for language and that the language develops in the child just as other biological functions such as walking ____.A. The behaviorist viewB.The innatist viewC.The interactionist viewD.The cognitive theory42.The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as .A. glottisB. vocal cavityC. pharynxD. uvula43.Which of the following hypotheses is put forward by Eric Lenneberg ____.A. Critical Period HypothesisB.Input Hypothesisnguage Acquisition Device HypothesisD.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis44.Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called ____morpheme.A. inflectional B .free C. bound D. derivational45.There are ____ morphemes in the word denationalizationA. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixnguage isA. instinctiveB. non-instinctiveC. staticD. genetically transmitted47.Pitch variation is known as ____ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.A. intonationB. toneC. pronunciationD. voice48.Which one is different from the others according to manners of articulationA. [z]B.[w]C.[e]D.[v]49.21. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulationA. [n]B. [m]C. [b]D. [p]50.Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowelsA. [i:]B. [u]C. [e]D. [i]51.What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibratingA. VoicelessB. VoicedC. Glottal stopD. Consonant52.When a child uses “mummy” to refer to any woman, most probably his “mummy”means .A. + HumanB. + Human + AdultC. + Human + Adult – MaleD. + Human + Adult - Male + Parent53.The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day, eight days a week." obviously violatesthe maxim of ______.A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner54.The pair of words “north” and “south” is ___.A. gradable oppositesB. relational oppositesC. co-hyponymsD. synonyms55.Which of the following sentences is NOT an example of cross-associationA. other / anotherB. much / manyC. stalagmite / stalagtiteD. bow / bow56.describes whether a proposition is true or false.A. TruthB. Truth valueC. Truth conditionD. Falsehood57."John sent Mary a post card." is a case ofA. one-place predicationB. two-place predicationC. three-place predicationD. no-place predication58."John killed Bill but Bill didn't die" is a( n)A. entailmentB. presuppositionC. anomalyD. contradiction59.refers to the process whereby a word is shortened without a change in the meaningand in the part of speech.60. A. Blending B. Back-formation C. Clipping D. Conversion61.Which of the following aspects is NOT the core of the study of general linguisticsA. soundB. structureC. meaningD. applicationⅣ.True of false judgment.Judge whether the following statements are true or false. Write T in the corresponding bracket for a true statement and F for a false one.1.Linguistics studies languages in general, but not any particular language, e.g. English,Chinese, Arabic, and Latin, etc. T2.Modern linguistics regards the written language as the natural or primary medium of humanlanguage. F3.In narrow transcription, we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols only while inbroad transcription we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols together with the diacritics. T4.By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of language. Tplete homonyms are often brought into being by coincidence. T6.Of the three phonetics branches, the longest established one, and until recently the mosthighly developed, is acoustic phonetics. F7.The meaning of the word “seal” in the sentence “the seal could not be found” cannot bedetermined unless the context in which the sentence occurs is restored. T8.An Innatist view of language acquisition holds that human beings are biologicallyprogrammed for language. T9.According to co-operative principle, the conversational participants have to strictly observethe four maxims, so that the conversation can go on successfully. F10.The same word may stir up different association in people under different cultural background.T11.A child who enters a foreign language speech community by the age of three or four can learnthe new language without the trace of an accent. T12.In communication it will never be the case that what is grammatical is not acceptable, andwhat is ungrammatical may not be inappropriate. F13.Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive. T14.Since there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds, language is absolutelyarbitrary. F15.V owels may be distinguished as front, central and back according to the manner of articulation.F16.Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teachingand learning. F17.A phonological feature of the English compounds is that the stress of the word always falls onthe first element, and the second element receives secondary stress. F18.All the affixes belong to bound morphemes. T19.A polysemic word is the result of the evolution of the primary meaning of the word. T20.According to the innatist view of language acquisition, only when the language is modifiedand adjusted to the level of children’s comprehension, do they process and internalize the language items. F21.When a child acquires his mother tongue, he also acquires a language-specific culture andbecomes socialized in certain ways. T22.According to Austin, the performative utterance is used to perform an action, it also has truthvalue. F23.Children can learn their native language well whenever they start and whatever kinds oflanguage samples they receive. F24.Duality is one of the characteristics of human language. It refers to the fact that language hastwo levels of structures: the system of sounds and the system of meanings. T25.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situationswhile linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. FⅤ.Give a short answer to each of the following questions.1.Sense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of word meaning. What arethey and how are they related to each other P662.According to Halliday, what is register What are the social variables that determine theregister P117-1183.What are the main features of human language that essentially make it different from otheranimal communication systems P8-94.Give a brief illustration to the “semantic triangle” suggested by Ogden and Richards.P63-64 Ⅵ. Essay question.1.According to Austin, what are the three acts a person is possibly performing while making anutterance Give an example to illustrate this P80-822.What are the four maxims of the CP Illustrate with examples how flouting these maximsgives rise to conversational implicature P85-883.Please observe the following sentences; all of them are not well formed. What rules doeseach of the following sentences violate And what are the two aspects in terms of sentence meaning Please illustrate briefly.1) He ated the cake yesterday.2) We will gone to Beijing tomorrow.3) The table intended to marry the chair.4) My favorite fruit is red pears.Please take a look at the section 5.5.2 (page 73) to the first paragraph on page 74.1. The meaning of sentence is not the sum total of the meanings of all its components. And itincludes both grammatical meaning and semantic meaning.2. The grammatical meaning of a sentence refers to its grammaticality, which is governed bythe grammatical rules of the language. Any violation can result in mistakes, making a sentence unacceptable. Such as sentence 1) has a wrong word “ated” and 2) has “will gone”;3. But grammatically well-formed sentences can still be unacceptable because whether asentence is semantically meaningful is decided by rules called selectional restrictions, in other words, constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. Some sentences may be grammatically well-formed, yet they may not be semantically meaningful because they contain words which are not supposed to go together. For example, as we can find in sentence3) and 4), no table would intend to marry the chair unless in a children’s story and there isno red pears usually in the world. Therefore, some selectional restrictions have been violated.。

大连海事大学工程硕士英语试题

大连海事大学工程硕士英语试题姓名：得分：Ⅰ. Translate the following into Chinese (25 points)1. electrocute 把…处电刑2. wreath 花圈3. hilarious 愉快的；热闹的4. denominator 分母5. commitment 承担，献身6. accountant 会计员，账房，出纳7. depict描写；叙述8. prodigy 非凡的人，奇才，天才9. revive 再生，复活，苏醒10. catalyst 触媒，催化剂，接触剂11. dreary凄凉的；忧郁的12. epic 叙事诗，史诗13. regress 退化，退步14. pervasive扩大的；普及的，遍布的15. liberal 开明的，自由的16. philosophy哲学；哲理，哲学体系17. technician 技术员，技师18. heckle质问19. literature文学，文学作品20. academic学院的；大学的21. Achilles’heel弱点22. get along with与……和睦相处23. comic strip连环漫画24. shoot for打算达到25. pay offⅡ. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese (50 points)1. Those words helped the young woman to see things more clearly. Maybe she could n’t improve her circumstances, but she could improve herself. She made friends with her Native American neighbors, she began working with them on weaving and pottery, and she took time to explore the desert and discover its natural beauty.这些话帮助这个年轻的女人看得更清楚。

2016年华中科技大学外国语语言学考研复试分数线

2016年华中科技大学外国语语言学考研复试分数线2016年华中科技大学外国语语言学考研复试分数线是345，凯程老师提醒同学们抓紧时间准备复试，2017年考研的同学也要注意了，赶紧行动起来，决战2017考研！凯程教育独家首发凯程考研创立于2005年，以"专业、负责、创新、分享"的办学理念，突出"高命中率、强时效性、全面一条龙服务"的特色，成为考研学子选择专业课辅导的首选。

10年来已有千余位考生在凯程的帮助下顺利考取北大、清华、人大、北师大、中传等全国200多所著名高校，引发业界强烈关注。

凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直致力于高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、索玉柱教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。

2016年华中科技大学硕士生入学考试复试分数线(不含专项计划)院系代码院系名称专业代码专业名称政治外国语业务一业务二总分011 数学学院070100 数学50 50 85 90 310 071400 统计学50 50 90 90 325 025200 应用统计60 60 95 95 350012 物理学院所有专业50 50 70 95 310 013 化学学院所有专业60 50 85 85 345100 机械学院08 工学50 50 90 90 360 135000 设计学45 45 90 90 340110 材料学院080502 材料学50 55 90 90 370 0805Z1纳米科学与技术080503 材料加工工程50 50 90 90 360 0805Z2 数字化材料成形0852Z3 电子封装085204 材料工程50 50 90 90 330121 能源学院08 工学50 50 80 90 320 122 中欧能源0807Z2 ★新能源科学与工程50 50 70 80 320131 电气学院080800 电气工程50 50 85 85 335 085207 电气工程50 50 90 90 378140 船海学院082401船舶与海洋结构物设计制造55 55 70 90 310 082402 轮机工程085223 船舶与海洋工程170 生命学院07 理学60 50 90 105 32508 工学55 50 70 80 310181 电信学院081000 信息与通信工程50 50 60 60 315 080902 电路与系统080904 电磁场与微波技术085208 电子与通信工程50 50 60 60 355182 光电学院08 工学50 50 70 70 300 184 自动化学院08 工学55 55 85 85 330187 国光实验室080300/080900光学工程/电子科学与技术50 50 75 80 310081201 计算机系统结构50 50 70 70 290 083100/0831Z2生物医学工程/生物医学光子学50 50 75 80 310 085202/085208光学工程/电子通信与工程50 50 70 80 310085211 计算机技术50 50 70 70 290 085230 生物医学工程50 50 70 80 310210 计算机学院所有专业50 50 70 70 300220 建规学院085100 建筑学硕士50 50 90 90 328 083300 城乡规划学50 50 90 90 355 085300 城市规划硕士50 50 90 90 359 095300 风景园林硕士50 50 90 90 357 130500 设计学50 50 90 90 365 135108 艺术硕士50 45 90 90 346240 土木学院0814 土木工程50 50 90 90 355 0823 交通运输工程50 50 80 80 3100871管理科学与工程（工学）50 50 90 90 355085213 建筑与土木工程50 50 85 85 345 085222 交通运输工程60 60 90 90 380 085239 项目管理60 55 65 100 290 125600 工程管理硕士120 65 195 0801 力学50 50 80 80 305261 环境学院071300 生态学55 55 100 100 320 083001 环境科学55 50 80 90 315 083002 环境工程55 55 80 90 315 081403 市政工程60 60 90 90 330081404供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程60 55 80 90 330085213 建筑与土木60 50 80 85 315 085229 环境工程55 55 80 80 310271 水电学院07 理学55 50 60 90 2800815 水利工程（学硕） 55 50 60 90 280 085214 水利工程（专硕）50 50 60 90 280 300管理学院025300 税务 50 55 90 90 350 025600 资产评估 50 55 90 90 350 030107 经济法学 55 55 90 90 350 085236 工业工程 50 55 90 90 315 085240 物流工程 50 55 90 90 370 120100 管理科学与工程55 55 90 90 365 120201会计学 55 55 90 90 350 120202 企业管理 55 55 90 90 350 120204 技术经济及管理 55 55 90 90 350 1202Z1 知识产权管理 555590 90350125100 MBA （聚英计划）国家线A 线125100 MBA （跃升计划） 108 50 170 125300 会计硕士（非定向） 120 60 225 125300 会计硕士（定向）100 50 165 025700审计硕士 120 60 225 310经济学院0201/0202理论经济学/应用经济学60609090335025400/025100 国际商务专业硕士/金融专业学位硕士（专业学位）55558585330401 中文系 05 文学 60 60 90 90 360 045300 汉语言国际教育60 60 90 90 370 403法学院0301 法学 50 50 90 90 340 0351 法律硕士 50 50 88 88 320 404 社会学系 0303社会学 60 60 90 90 355 120404 社会保障 60 60 90 90 375 035200 社会工作 60 60 90 90 345 406哲学系01 哲学 6050100100355407公管学院120401 行政管理 7065115110390120405土地资源管理 1204Z2 非传统安全 1204Z3 电子政务 125200MPA 105 50 165 408 马院 0305 马原一级学科 60 60 90 90 372 040202 发展与教育心理学60 60 180 340 409 历史所060200中国史 6050240360411外国语学院 050201/050211 英语语言文学、外国语语言学及应用语言学607010090345050205 日语语言文学050204 德语语言文学055101/055102 英语笔译/英语口译60 75 110 105 385420 教科院040101 教育学原理55 55 190 335 040102 课程与教学论040106 高等教育学040202 发展与教育心理学60 60 200 345 120403 教育经济与管理60 65 100 100 360 045101 教育管理（专业型）50 50 90 90 320 045114现代教育技术（专业型）431 体育部0403 体育学50 50 165 300 440 软件学院085212 软件工程50 50 75 75 300450 新闻学院055200 新闻与传播专业硕士60 60 90 90 373 055300 出版硕士60 60 90 90 350510 基础医学院10 医学50 50 170 300 07 理学50 50 80 80 300513 公卫学院077103 应用心理学60 60 90 90 340 10 医学55 68 200 330514 药学院1007 药学60 65 210 355 120402社会医学与卫生事业管理63 63 100 100 370 100800 中药学60 65 210 355 105600 中药学硕士60 65 210 355515 法医学系100105 法医学60 60 170 300516 医管学院1204 公共管理63 63 100 100 375 1205 图书情报（学术）60 60 100 100 365 1255 图书情报（专业）130 55 200517 护理学系101100 护理学65 65 205 340 519 计生所100211 妇产科学55 55 180 300530 协和医院学术型55 55 180 320 专业型55 55 180 320540 同济医院0710 生物学60 60 90 90 300 1001 基础医学60 60 190 325 1002 临床医学60 60 190 325 1003 口腔医学60 60 190 325 1006 中西医结合60 60 230 340 1007(含1008) 药理学（含中药学）60 60 220 340 1011 护理学60 60 220 340 1051 临床医学硕士60 60 200 340 1052 口腔医学硕士60 60 200 3401054 护理硕士60 60 220 340550 梨园医院10 医学50 50 180 290 1051 临床医学硕士50 50 180 2902016年华中科技大学硕士生入学考试专项计划复试分数线骨考生定向单位省份类别总分要求内蒙/ 245吉林/ 245黑龙江/ 245湖南理工农院系290医科院系280文管院系（考三或四门）340文管院系（考二门）180广西理工农院系260医科院系245文管院系（考三或四门）330文管院系（考二门）180重庆考三或四门/ 300考二门180四川/ 245贵州理工农院系260医科院系245文管院系（考三或四门）320文管院系（考二门）180云南理工农院系245医科院系245文管院系（考三或四门）330文管院系（考二门）180西藏/ 245甘肃/ 280青海/ 245宁夏/ 245新疆/ 245文管院系（考二门）180江西/ 280山东/ 280湖北理工农院系320医科院系340文管院系（考三或四门）360文管院系（考二门）180强军计划单科：40，总分：245单考管理学院单科：40，总分：265 法学院单科：40，总分：320。

英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编13

英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编13(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)1.Such errors as "teached" and "womans" are caused by 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：second language learners）解析：解析：（这些错误一般是第二语言习得者犯的。

)2. 1is a method of foreign or second language teaching which makes use of translation and grammar study as the main teaching and learning activities.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Grammar-translation Method）解析：解析：（语法翻译法即在外语教学中主要运用翻译和语法学习为教学活动的方法。

)3. 1 is a grammar-based language teaching method in which principles of grammatical and lexical gradation are used and new teaching points presented and practiced through situations.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Situational language teaching）解析：解析：（情景教学法基于语法的教学方法，强调在情境中呈现语法规则和词汇级别等教学点。

) 4.There are three principles of language testing: 1, 2and 3.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Validity：reliability；practicality）解析：解析：（语言测试的三个原则：效度原则、信度原则及实用性原则。

2016 英语语言学期末试题练习答案

英语语言学练习题Ⅰ. MatchingMatch each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions inColumn B.Column A1.displacement 9.interlanguage ponential analysis18.motivation nguecontext 10.19.11.3.suprasegmental feature arbitrariness blending20.culture4.deep structure petence21.broad transcription 5.predication analysis learning strategies 13.22.14.6.idiolect morphology selectional restrictions23.category15.7.pidgin phrase structure rulesculture diffusion24. mistakes 8.errors 16.Column Bem of the second language, which is of neither the native languageLearners' independent systA.nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the9target language.ct on his efforts nLearner's attitudes and affective state or learning drive, having a strong impaB.21learning a second language.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories.23C.ofand A culture enter culture B become part of some D.Through communication, elements24culture B.A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social,E.6gender, and age variations.A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speakF.7different languages for restricted purposes such as trading.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents-G.5 ---- arguments and predicates.22H.They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others.subcategorizationrule the formed structure by XP in head's the accordance with The I.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3J.wordinternal of The K.study the structure of rule the govern rules and of words, the that14formation.The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2L.theused can nguage be immediate from removed contexts refer to to the situations of speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1learningconscious, N.Learner's based problem-solving and -oriented goalachieve efforts to10efficiency.The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, O.techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 2018The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. P.Q.The way of word formation by which new words may be formed by combining parts of other words. 19R.A group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language, such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb. 15S.A way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. This approach believes that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components. 17T.The ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language. 12U.One of the properties of human language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. 11V.A way to transcribe speech sounds with letter-symbols only. 13W.They reflect gaps in a learner's knowledge of the target language, not self-corrigible. 16X.They reflect occasional lapses in performance. 8Ⅱ.Blank-filling.Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.1.“A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.”This quotation is a good illustration of the a____ nature of language.Arbitrary2.The description of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronic study; the description of a language as it changes through time is a d____ study.Diachronic3.Chomsky defines c____ as the ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language, and performancetheactualrealizationofthisinlinguisticpetence4.In the production of vowels the air stream coming from the lungs meets with no o____. This marks the essential difference between vowels and consonants.Obstruction5.The different phones that can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments arecalled the a____ of the phoneme.Allophone6.Allophones of the same phoneme cannot occur in the same phonetic environment. They aresaid to be in c____ plementary7.When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i____.Intonation8.The m____ unit of meaning is traditionally called morpheme.Minimum9.I____ morphemes are bound morphemes that are for the most part purely grammatical markers, signifying such concepts as tense, number, case and so on.Inflectional10.Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain three elements: head, specifier, and c____.Complement11.Concerning the study of meaning, conceptualist view holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to; rather, in the interpretation of meaning theyare linked through the mediation of c____ in the mind. concept12.The sense relation between “animal”and “dog”is called h____. hyponymy13.P____ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of differentmeanings.Polysemy14.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaningthe c____ of use is taken into consideration.Context15.S____ refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class.Sociolect16.WHO is an a____ derived from the initials of “World Health Organization”.Acronym17.According to Halliday, language varies as its function varies; it differs in different situations. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is ar____.Register18.In cross-cultural communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become partof culture B, thus bringing about the phenomenon of cultural d____.Diffusion19.While the first language is acquired s____, the second or foreign language is more commonly learned consciously.Subconsciouslynguage a______ refers to a natural ability for learning a second language.Acquisition21.Vibration of vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called “v”, which is a feature of all vowels and some consonants in English. V oice22.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segment are called s____features.Suprasegmental23.Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words and rules for wordf____.Formation24.The minimal unit of meaning is traditionally called m____.Morpheme25.The sense relation between “autumn”and “fall”is called s____.Synonym26.H____ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form,i.e. , different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both.Homonymy27.In daily communication, people do not always observe the four maxims of the co-operative principle. Conversational i____ would arise when the maxims are flouted.Implicature28.SARS is an a____ derived from the initials of “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome”.Acronym29.I____ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations.Idiolect30.RP, the short form of “R____ Pronunciation”refers to the particular way of pronouncing standard English.ReceivedⅢ.Multiple choice.Choose the best answer to the following items.1.____ is considered to be the father of modern linguistics.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. Leonard BloomfieldD. M. A. K. Halliday2.In the scope of linguistics, ____ form the part of language which links together the sound pattern and meaning.A. morphology and syntaxB. phonetics and semanticsC. semantics and syntaxD. morphology and semantics3.____ studies the sounds from the hearer's point of view, i.e., how the sounds are perceived by the hearer.A. auditory phoneticsB. acoustic phoneticsC. articulatory phonetics4.Which of the following words begins with a velar voiced stop? ____D. dogC. cock B. boss A. god5.Which of the following words ends with a dental, voiceless fricative? ____A. roseB. waveC. clothD. massage6.Which of the following words contains a back, open and unrounded vowel? ____A. godB. bootC. walkD. task7.Which of the following is Not a velar sound? _____A. [h]B. [k]C. [g]D. [?]8.Which of the following is Not a minimal pair?____A. bat, biteB. kill, pillC. peak, pig,D. meat, seat9.Which of the following isan open class words?____A. emailB. butC. theD. they10.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the inflectional morphemes except____.A. paintsB. painterC. paintedD. painting11.Which of the following words has more than three morphemes? ____A. psychophysicsB. boyfriendsC. forefatherD. undesirability12.The pair of words “dead and alive”is called ____.A.gradable antonymsB. relational oppositesC. complementary antonyms13.Which pair of the following words can be categorized as stylistic synonyms?____A. torch & flashlightB. die & deceaseC. amaze & astoundD. luggage & baggage14.X: John has given up smoking.Y: John used to smoke.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y15.X: My father has been to London.Y: My father has been to UK.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y16.When we violate any of the maxims of Co-operative Principle, our language might become ____.A. impoliteB. incorrectC. indirectD. unclear17.According to Searl's classification of speech acts, which of the following is an instance of directives? ____A.I fire you!B.Your money or your life!C.I'm sorry for the mess I have made.D.I have never seen the man before.18.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?A. treeB. crashC. typewriterD. bang19.The word “Kodak”is a(n) ____.D. acronymC. clipped word B. coined word A. blend20.Which of the following words is Not formed by means of clipping?_____A. memoB. motelC. quakeD. gym21.According to Halliday, mode of discourse refers to the _____ of communication.A. subjectB. roleC. situationD. means22.Which of the following theories of language acquisition believes that language learning is simply a matter of imitation and habit formation? ____.A.The behaviorist viewB. The innatist viewC. The interactionist viewD. The cognitive theory23.Which of the following sentences is an example of overgeneralization? ____.A.Jane told me to give up smoking.B.Jane asked me to give up smoking.C.Jane advised me to give up smoking.D.Jane suggested me to give up smoking.24.Which of the following hypotheses is put forth by Dr. Krashen? ____.A.Critical Period HypothesisB. Input HypothesisC. Language Acquisition Device HypothesisD. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis25.Who among the following linguists put forward Co-operative Principles?A.Paul GriceB. John SearleC. KrashenD. Leech26.Which of the following linguists is the initiator of transformational generative grammar?A.F. de SaussureB. N. ChomskyC. G. LeechD. M. A. K. Halliday27.When a ______ comes to be adopted by a population as its primary language and childrenlearn it as their first language, it becomes.B.A. creole... pidgin B. pidgin... creoleC.C. regional dialect... sociolectD. sociolect ... regional dialect28.____ studies the sounds from the speaker's point of view, i.e., how a speaker uses his speech organs to articulate speech sounds.A. Auditory phoneticsB. Acoustic phoneticsC. Articulatory phonetics29.We know the verb “put”requires an NP followed by a PP or Adv. Thus, the process of putting words of the same lexical category into smaller classes according to their syntacticcharacteristic is called.A. categorizationB. subcategorizationC. syntactic categoriesD. coordination30.Which of the following words contains a front, close and unrounded vowel? ____A. badB. bedC. beatD. but31.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the derivational morphemes except____.A. fasterB. writerC. lovelyD. conversion32.Which of the following isan open class words?____A. emailB. butC. theD. they33.The pair of words “borrow and lend”is called ____.A.gradable antonymsB. relational oppositesC. complementary antonyms34.Which pair of the following words can be categorized as collocationalsynonyms?____B. pretty & handsome A. torch & flashlightC. amaze & astoundD. luggage & baggage35.X: My sister will soon be divorced.Y: My sister is a married woman.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y36.X: John married a blond heiress.Y: John married a blond.The sentence relation between X and Y is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is contradictory with Y37.According to Searl's classification of speech acts, which of the following is Not an instanceof directives? ____A. Open the window!B. Your money or your life!C. Would you like to go to the picnic with us?D. I have never seen the man before.38.The word “brunch”is a(n) ____.A. blendB. coined wordC. clipped wordD. acronym39.According to Halliday, field of discourse refers to the _____ of communication.A. subjectB. roleC. situationD. means40.There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix ed in the word learned isknown as a( n)A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form41.Which of the following theories of language acquisition holds that human beings are biologically programmed for language and that the language develops in the child just asother biological functions such as walking? ____.A. The behaviorist viewB.The innatist viewC.The interactionist viewD.The cognitive theory42.The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as .A. glottisB. vocal cavityC. pharynxD. uvula43.Which of the following hypotheses is put forward by Eric Lenneberg? ____.A. Critical Period HypothesisB.Input Hypothesisnguage Acquisition Device HypothesisD.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis44.Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called ____morpheme.A. inflectional B .free C. bound D. derivational45.There are ____ morphemes in the word denationalization?D. sixC. five B. four A. threenguage isA. instinctiveB. non-instinctiveC. staticD. genetically transmitted47.Pitch variation is known as ____ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.A. intonationB. toneC. pronunciationD. voice48.Which one is different from the others according to manners of articulation?A.[z] B.[w] C.[e] D.[v]49.21. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?A. [n]B.[m]C.[b]D.[p]50.Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels?A. [i:]B. [u]C.[e]D.[i]51.What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?V oiceless B.Voiced A.C. Glottal stopD. Consonant52.When a child uses “mummy”to refer to any woman, most probably his “mummy”means.A. + HumanB. + Human + AdultC. + Human + Adult –MaleD. + Human + Adult - Male + Parent53.The utterance We're already working 25 hours a day, eight days a week. obviously violatesthe maxim of ______.A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner54.The pair of words “north”and “south”is ___.A. gradable oppositesB. relational oppositesC. co-hyponymsD. synonyms55.Which of the following sentences is NOT an example of cross-association?A. other / anotherB. much / manyC. stalagmite / stalagtiteD. bow / bow56.describes whether a proposition is true or false.A. TruthB. Truth valueC. Truth conditionD. Falsehood57.John sent Mary a post card. is a case ofA. one-place predicationB. two-place predicationC. three-place predicationD. no-place predication58.John killed Bill but Bill didn't die is a( n)A. entailmentB. presuppositionC. anomalyD. contradiction59.refers to the process whereby a word is shortened without a change in the meaning and in the part of speech.A. BlendingB. Back-formationC. ClippingD. Conversion60.Which of the following aspects is NOT the core of the study of general linguistics?A. soundB. structureC. meaningD. applicationⅣ.True of false judgment.Judge whether the following statements are true or false. Write T in the corresponding bracket for a true statement and F for a false one.English,e.g. language, particular any not but general, in languages studies Linguistics 1.Chinese, Arabic, and Latin, etc. T2.Modern linguistics regards the written language as the natural or primary medium of human language. F3.In narrow transcription, we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols only while in broad transcription we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols together with the diacritics. T4.By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of language. Tplete homonyms are often brought into being by coincidence. T6.Of the three phonetics branches, the longest established one, and until recently the mosthighly developed, is acoustic phonetics.F7.The meaning of the word “seal”in the sentence “the seal could not be found”cannot be determined unless the context in which the sentence occurs is restored. T8.An Innatist view of language acquisition holds that human beings are biologically programmed for language. T9.According to co-operative principle, the conversational participants have to strictly observethe four maxims, so that the conversation can go on successfully. F10.The same word may stir up different association in people under different cultural background. T11.A child who enters a foreign language speech community by the age of three or four can learn the new language without the trace of an accent. T12.In communication it will never be the case that what is grammatical is not acceptable, and what is ungrammatical may not be inappropriate. F13.Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive. T14.Since there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds, language is absolutely arbitrary. F15.V owels may be distinguished as front, central and back according to the manner of articulation. F16.Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning. F17.A phonological feature of the English compounds is that the stress of the word always falls on the first element, and the second element receives secondary stress. F18.All the affixes belong to bound morphemes. T19.A polysemic word is the result of the evolution of the primary meaning of the word. T20.According to the innatist view of language acquisition, only when the language is modified and adjusted to the level of children's comprehension, do they process and internalize the language items. F21.When a child acquires his mother tongue, he also acquires a language-specific culture and becomes socialized in certain ways. T22.According to Austin, the performative utterance is used to perform an action, it also has truth value. F23.Children can learn their native language well whenever they start and whatever kinds of language samples they receive. FDuality is one of the characteristics of human language. It refers to the fact that language has 24.two levels of structures: the system of sounds and the system of meanings. T25.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. FⅤ.Give a short answer to each of the following questions.1.Sense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of word meaning. What are they and how are they related to each other?P662.According to Halliday, what is register? What are the social variables that determine the register? P117-1183.What are the main features of human language that essentially make it different from other animal communication systems? P8-94.Give a brief illustration to the “semantic triangle”suggested by Ogden and Richards.P63-64 Ⅵ. Essay question.1.According to Austin, what are the three acts a person is possibly performing while making an utterance? Give an example to illustrate this? P80-822.What are the four maxims of the CP? Illustrate with examples how flouting these maxims gives rise to conversational implicature? P85-883.Please observe the following sentences; all of them are not well formed. What rules doeseach of the following sentences violate? And what are the two aspects in terms of sentence meaning? Please illustrate briefly.1) He ated the cake yesterday.2) We will gone to Beijing tomorrow.3) The table intended to marry the chair.4) My favorite fruit is red pears.Please take a look at the section 5.5.2 (page 73) to the first paragraph on page 74.1. The meaning of sentence is not the sum total of the meanings of all its components. And it includes both grammatical meaning and semantic meaning.2. The grammatical meaning of a sentence refers to its grammaticality, which is governed by the grammatical rules of the language. Any violation can result in mistakes, making a sentence unacceptable. Such as sentence 1)has a wrong word “ated”and 2)has “will gone”;3. But grammatically well-formed sentences can still be unacceptable because whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is decided by rules called selectional restrictions, in other words, constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. Some sentences may be grammatically well-formed, yet they may not be semantically meaningful because they contain words which are not supposed to go together. For example, as we can find in sentence 3) and 4), no table would intend to marry the chair unless in a children's story and there is no red pears usually in the world. Therefore, some selectional restrictions have been violated.。

大连海事大学830综合英语考研试题(回忆版)

2014年大连海事大学830综合英语考研试题（回忆版）语言学部分一、填空题，10个句子考了agglutinating language粘着语，aphasia失语症，homonym同形异义词。

二、构词法给出10个词，分别写出它们各自的构词法，borrowing，derivation，clipping... 考察构词法。

三&四、连线题三是选 phrase，idiom，compounding word，morphemic word四是选free root， bound root，derivational suffix，derivational prefix, inflectional suffix, inflectional prefix。

五、写来源给出5个词，分别写出它们各自的来源，是old English，French，Greek还是Roman.六、四道大题前两道是回答问题1.写出Bloomfield（应该是）提出的八个meanings，2.generative grammar生成语法的含义和特点;后两道题是 essay questio3.分析为什么二语习得相比一语习得更困难4.Sapir-Whorf hypothesis和language determinism的应用。

英美文学部分一、名词解释5个有关英美文学的概念，有romanism，free verse，picturesque novel（大概是，记不太清）。

二、作家作品连线，共10个三、两道简答题1.自然nature对于William Wordsworth意味着什么。

2.分析海明威作品的特点，风格及海明威式英雄等。

宁波大学2016年考研真题【006外语学院】242法语(二外)B卷

考试科目:法语(二外)科目代码：242适用专业:英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学I.Remplacez les points par les mots convenables:（15%）1.Est-ce que tu as participé<1>ce mouvement qui avait<2>but de protéger l’environnement?2.Il aime bien<3>poisson,c’est pourquoi il<4>veut maintenant.3.Je ne cesserai<5>m’inquiéter si je ne sais pas<6>combien de temps tu pars.4.Catherine?<7>voilà,tu ne la vois pas?5.Grâce<8>dictionnaires,j’ai compris facilement ce texte.6.Elle manque certainement<9>patience.7.Si quelqu’un t’invite<10>dîner,je ne crois pas que tu<11>refuses.8.Le nombre desétudiants a augmenté<12>trois fois<13>rapport<14>l’année1992.9.A cause de cet accident,le père ne permet pas jusqu’aujourd’hui<15>sa fille d’apprendre<16>conduire.10.Ne me presse pas<17>chanter,c’est<18>toi<19>donner un spectacle.11.Ecoute,<20>étudiant ne peut pas faire sesétudes commeça!.12.Toutàl’heure,j’ai vu ton frère:il se dirigeait<21>la gare.13.J’ai eu des larmes de bonheur<22>les yeux.14.Incroyable!Il t’a répondu<23>personne?15.L’influence de l’éducation est importante<24>un enfant.16.<25>l’aide du professeur,il a réussi dans l’examen.17.Accompagné<26>son ami,Anne a fait un tour dans la forêt.18.Il ne nous faut pas<27>faire<28>illusions<29>les avantages du nouveau système.19.Il faut<30>patience quand onétudie une langueétrangère.II.Choisissez le meilleur terme:（10%）1.Voilàl’avion___je suis revenue en Chine.a.par queb.quec.duqueld.par lequel考试科目:法语(二外)科目代码：242适用专业:英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学2.Ils préfèrent mourir___de se rendre.a./b.plus quec.plustôt qued.mais pas3.____il fasse froid,elle va partir sans manteau.a.Afin qu’b.Quoiqu’c.Sans qu’d.Pour qu’4.Dites-moi___vous plaît.a.ce queb.quec.ce quid.de quoi5.Demain je_____raconterai,et tu resteras chez nous. luib.leur lec.lui la vous6.Je suis très content de mesélèves,et vous,êtes-vous satisfait___?a.de votresb.des vôtresc.des viennesd.de vôtre7.L’homme___Pierre s’est adresséle connaît.a.quib.dontc.àquid.de qui8.Il ne se rappelait plus l’endroit___il avait passé.a.oùb.par oùc.qu’d.dont9.Il devient possible de résoudre aujourd’hui des problèmesàla solution___on ne pouvaitque rêver il n’y a pas longtemps.a.desquelsb.dontc.de quoid.ce qui10.Bientôt nous aurons un nouveau club___la construction aétécommencé.a.dontb.oùc.quandd.ce que考试科目:法语(二外)科目代码：242适用专业:英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学III.Mettez les verbes entre parenthèses au temps et au mode convenables.（18%）1.Si tu___(m’appeler)demain,je vais dîner avec toi.2.N’avez-vous pas dit hier que vous___(aller)au cinéma aujourd’hui?3.Au bout de deux heures elle s’inquiéta:où___(pouvoir)-t-il rester?4.___(voir)qu’il traversait la rue,elle a ferméla fenêtre.5.Il a vendu un terrain de900mètres carrés,la maison y____(comprendre).6.Ne t’inquiète pas,les billets___(prendre)d’avance demain.7.Je voudrais parler avec quelqu’un qui___(avoir)une certaine culture. circulation___(s’améliorer)quand on ouvrira une nouvelle autoroute.9.Si je___(savoir)oùtrouver Robert,je lui___(demander)ce qu’il a dit hier.10.Si elle___(ne pas rester)seuleàla maison,elle___(ne pas tuer)par cet homme.11.Louise regardait Michel avec curiosité.Elle___(ne jamais le voir)ainsi.12.Quand il___(arriver)àla gare,c’était trop tard,le train___(partir).13.Il se leva,___(se promener)dans la pièce.me tout le monde,toi et moi,nous___(mourir)un jour.15.Je suis heureux de___(t’accompagner)àl’aéroport le13novembre.prenez le texte et répondez aux questions:（10%）Un système de communicationLe réseau ferroviaire rapideàgrande vitesse dessert（通达，到达）le Sud-Est,le Sud-Ouest,l’Ouest et le nord au départ de Paris et se prolonge vers les lignes internationales.Le premier TGV（le trainàgrande vitesse）aétélancéen1981sur la ligne Paris-Lyon.Aujourd’hui le TGV dessert137villes.Il est forméde deux motrices（机车）,de quatre moteurs chacune,encadrant（配备）8ou10wagons.Le pilotage est manuel,mais en permanance sous surveillanceélectronique et radio avec un poste de commandement.Sa vitesse moyenneest de200km⁄h,sa vitesse maximale de300km⁄h et sa vitesse d’essai de380km⁄h..Si le réseau du rail a perdu en densité（密度）,son gain en vitesse est tel qu’il représente aujourd’hui une réelle concurrence pour les lignes aériennes intérieures.Les trains comportent deux classes.Les voiture1re classe sont exclusivement«nonfumeur».Les voirures2e classe sont«fumeur»et«nonfumeur».De nombreuses billetteries automatiques,d’un maniement très simple,sont disponibles dans les gares pour acheter le billet jusqu’àla dernière minute. La billetteries automatiques accepte les pièces jusqu’àun montant（总额）de100francs et rend la monnaie.Aux heures du déjeuner ou du petit déjeuner un service de restauration«àla place»vous est proposéen1re classe dans la plupart des TGV ayant un temps de parcours supérieuràune heure.Le menu du déjeuner ou du dîner comprend hors-d’œvre,plat chaud ou froid,fromage,dessert,boisson et café. Pour une restauration rapide un bar estàvotre dispositionàbord de tous les TGV.On y trouve un large choix de boissons chaudes ou froides,des sandwiches,plats chauds et salades.On peut téléphoner vers le monde entier depuis les cabines téléphoniques en première et deuxième考试科目:法语(二外)科目代码：242适用专业:英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学classe.Les autoroutes,routes nationales,départementales constituent en France un réseau important et,en générale,bien entretenu（保养）.Il exsiste des services d’autocars rapides qui assyrent des liaisons intérieures ou internationales sur de courtes et moyennes distances.La vitesse de la voiture est limitée,en règle générale,à130km⁄h sur les autoroutes,à90sur les routes età50dans les agglomérations（村镇，居民点）.La conduite enétat d’ivresse（醉）est sévèrement répriméet entraîne（招致）le retrait du permis de conduire.Le stationnement en ville est généralement payant.Dans la plupart des villes les transports en commun sont assurés en autobus ou en tramways. Certaines grandes villes（Marseille,Lyon,Lille et Toulouse）possèdent un métropolitain（地下铁）.A Paris le métro est le moyen de transport privilégié,associéau réseau express régional（RER）,dont plusieurs lignes traversent la capitale et desservent les banlieues.Il existe des1res classe et des2èmes classe.A l’extérieur etàl’intérieur des stations des grands plans indiquent toutes les lignes en couleurs différentes.1.Qu’est-ce qui conduit le TGV?2.Qu’est-ce qui est entre en concurrence avec les lignes aériennes intérieures?Pourquoi?ment peut-on acheter des billets de train?4.Qu’est-ce qu’on peut manger dans le TGV?5.A quoi doit-on faire attention quand on roule sur les autoroutes ou les routes?V.Tournez les questions et discours suivants en questions indirectes et discours indirects:（10%）（将直接引语改成间接引语）1.Il lui demanda:‘De quoi parles-tu?’2.Il lui a demandé:‘Tu irasàl’école demain?’3.Le maître dit auxélèves:‘N’écrivez pas si vite!’4.Il m’a dit:‘Tu l’as vu hier’.5.Il m’a demandét:‘Tu es rentréàla maison samedi?’VI.Traduisez en français:（20%）1.这座古城已经消失了好几个世纪。

大连外国语学院英语语言学真题2008年.doc

大连外国语学院英语语言学真题2008年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)Ⅰ1."Language operates by rules" is a fundamental view about language.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________2.The features that define our human languages can be called DESIGN FEATURES.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________3.The bow-wow theory is a theory on the origin of language.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________4.Syntax refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________5.When the vocal folds are apart. The air can pass through easily and the sound produced is said to be voiced.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________6.The sound segments are grouped into consonants and vowels.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________7.Uvular is made with the back of the tongue and the uvula.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________8.Phonetic similarity means that the allophones of a phoneme must bear some morphological resemblance.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________9.A syllable can be divided into two parts, the NUCLEUS and the CODA.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________10.Words are the most stable of all linguistic units in respect of their internal structure.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________11.Free morpheme may constitute words by themselves.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________12.INVENTION is a form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________13.In English, nouns have three cases—nominative, accusative and genitive.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________14.According to Saussure, the relation between the Signified and the signifier is arbitrary.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________15.Anaphor is used in a broad sense to include only reflexive like "myself" and reciprocals like "each other".（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________16.The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of COMPOSITIONALITY.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________17.When you use your own sentence with a meaning other than the conceptual, the meaning is sometimes referred to as speaker's meaning, or contextual meaning.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________18.Metonymy is a kind of figurative language which is usually classed as a type of synecdoche. It refers to using the name of part of an object to talk about the whole thing, and vice versa, as the use of "hands" in "We are short of hands".（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________19.AUTHORIAL STYLE looks closely at how linguistic choices help to construct textual meaning. When we examine it, we will need to examine linguistic choices which are intrinsically connected with meaning and effect on the reader.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________20.The structural syllabus does not have a strong linguistic basis. The aim of the structural syllabus is specifying the situations in which the target language is used.（分数：1.00）Ⅱ21.Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative, and C of language makes learning a language laborious. For learners of a foreign language, it is this feature of language that is more worth noticing than its arbitrariness.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________22.The principle of A Creation can account for the co-existence of two forms, regular and irregular, in the conjugation of some English verbs.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________23.The principle of R is defined as "Every act of ostensive communication communicates the presumption of its own optimal relevance".（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________24.V is the degree to which a test measures what it is meant to measure.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________25.C Analysis in computational linguistics is concerned with describing the contents of documents in a form suitable for computer processing.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________26.C are two lines of verse, usually connected by a rhyme.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________27.By n is meant that a conversational implicature is attached to the semantic content of what is said, not to the linguistic form.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________28.Some sentences do not describe things. They cannot be said to be true or false. The utterance of these sentences is or is a part of the doing of an action. They are called p .（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________29.The r theory is a theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to or stands for.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________30.Endocentric constructions may be divided into two subtypes—s and coordinate constructions.（分数：2.00）Ⅲ31.Which of the following statement is NOT true?A. Language is a means of vocal communication.B. Language is instrumental.C. Language is social and conventional.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.32.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature?A. ArbitrarinessB. ConventionC. Duality（分数：1.00）A.B.C.33.The functions of language do NOT include ______.A. informative functionB. interpersonal functionC. metacognitive function（分数：1.00）A.B.C.34.Which of the following is a main branch of linguistics?A. Macrolinguistics.B. Psycholinguistics.C. Sociolinguistics（分数：1.00）A.B.C.35.Saussure is closely connected with ______.A. LangueB. CompetenceC. Etic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.36.The study of physical properties of the sounds produced in speech is closely connected with ______.A. articulatory phoneticsB. acoustic phoneticsC. auditory phonetics（分数：1.00）A.B.C.37.The categories of consonant are NOT established on the basis of ______.A. manners of articulationB. place of articulationC. narrow transcription（分数：1.00）A.B.C.38.Which of the following CANNOT be considered as minimal pair?1.00）A.B.C.39.Which of the following are NOT instances of ASSIMILATION?A. NasalizationB. DentalizationC. Variation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.40.In a syllable, a vowel often serves as ______.A. Peak or NucleusB. OnsetC. Coda（分数：1.00）A.B.C.41.In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into ______.A. grammatical words and lexical wordsB. content words and lexical wordsC. grammatical words and function words（分数：1.00）A.B.C.42.______ other than compounds may be divided into roots and affixes.A. Polymorphemic wordsB. Bound morphemesC. Free morphemes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.43.Which two terms can best describe the following pairs of words: table—tables, day+break — daybreak.A. inflection and compoundB. compound and derivationC. inflection and derivation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.44.Which of the following is NOT a process of the lexical change?A. INVENTION.B. ACRONYM.C. LEXICON.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.45.The structural approach to the analysis of language is connected with ______.A. THEME and RHEMEB. GOVERNMENT and BINDINGC. IMMEDIATE CONSTITUENT ANALYSIS（分数：1.00）A.B.C.46.Which of the following is NOT included in G. Leech's seven types of meaning?A. Connotative meaning.B. Denotative meaning.C. Conceptual meaning.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.47.There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized, sameness relation, opposite- ness relation and inclusiveness relation. They are represented by ______ respectively.A. synonymy, antonymy, and hyponymyB. synonymy, hyponymy, and antonymyC. antonymy, synonymy, and hyponymy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.48.______ studies the internal structure of simple propositions.A. Predicate calculusB. Propositional calculusC. Sentential calculus（分数：1.00）A.B.C.49.According to Garrett, the errors that demonstrate forward planning in speech production include all the following EXCEPT ______.A. spoonerismB. anticipation errorC. grammatical error（分数：1.00）A.B.C.50.Four categories of Maxims in Grice's Cooperative Principle include all the following EX- CEPT ______.A. MannerB. RelationC. Qualification（分数：1.00）A.B.C.ⅣColunm A Column B1)Fricative (a)pork and sports2)Glottal (b)ball-balls3)Aspirated and unaspirated (c)"tea" in English4)English syllable (d)(C)v(C)5)Chinese syllable (e)[h]6)Adjective compound (f)editor-edit7)Back-formation (g)(((C)C)C)v((((C)C)C)C)8)Broadening (h)thought-provoking9)Loanword (i)[f]10)inflectional affix (j)bird—young bird—any kind of bird（分数：10.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________ⅤColumn A Column B1)Horn (a)"father of modem linguistics"2)Malinowski (b)Systemic-functional Grammar3)Halliday (c)the Q-principle and the R-principle4)Hyme (d)a large body of machine-readable texts5)Saussure (e)communicative competence6)computer corpus (f)correct grammatically but improper in a communicationalcontext7)mistake (g)"linguistic environment" and "meaning as functions in thecontext of situation"8)syllabus (h)constructed by second or foreign language learners9)interlanguage (i)speaker's meaning, contextual meaning, or extra meaning10)illocutionaryforce(j)the planning of a course of instruction（分数：10.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________Ⅵ．51.Creativity（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 52.Cardinal Vowels（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 53.Semantic Triangle（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 54.Cohort Theory（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 55.CAL（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ municative Competence（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅶ57.Illustrate lexical change proper with the latest examples in English, covering at least four aspects.（分数：8.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 58.Illustrate "Immediate Constituent Analysis".（分数：8.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 59.Illustrate the significance of studying speech Sounds in linguistics.（分数：8.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 60.Illustrate the Q-and R-principles.（分数：8.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 61.Illustrate at least four major linguistic views and their significance in language learning and teaching.（分数：8.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

2016 英语语言学期末试题练习 +答案

英语语言学练习题Ⅰ. MatchingMatch each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in Column B.Column A1.displacementngue3.suprasegmental feature4.deep structure5.predication analysis6.idiolect7.pidgin8.mistakes 9.interlanguage10.motivation11.arbitrarinesspetence13.broad transcription14.morphology15.category16.errorsponential analysis18.context19.blending20.culture21.learning strategies22.selectional restrictions23.phrase structure rules24.culture diffusionColumn BA.Learners’ independent system of the second language, which is of neither the native languagenor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language. 9B.Learner’s attitudes and affective state or learning drive, having a strong impact on his efforts nlearning a second language. 21C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. 23D.Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part ofculture B. 24E. A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social,gender, and age variations. 6F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speakdifferent languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents----- arguments and predicates. 5H.They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. 22I.The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s subcategorizationproperties. 4J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3K.The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14L.The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1N.Learner’s conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10O.The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20P.The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18Q.The way of word formation by which new words may be formed by combining parts of other words. 19R. A group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language, such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb. 15S. A way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. This approach believes that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components. 17T.The ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language.12U.One of the properties of human language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. 11V. A way to transcribe speech sounds with letter-symbols only. 13W.They reflect gaps in a learner’s knowledge of the target language, not self-corrigible. 16X.They reflect occasional lapses in performance. 8Ⅱ.Blank-filling.Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.1.“A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” This quotation is a good illustration of thea____ nature of language. Arbitrary2.The description of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronic study; thedescription of a language as it changes through time is a d____ study. Diachronic3.Chomsky defines c____ as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language, andperformance the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.Competence4.In the production of vowels the air stream coming from the lungs meets with no o____. Thismarks the essential difference between vowels and consonants. Obstruction5.The different phones that can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments arecalled the a____ of the phoneme. Allophone6.Allophones of the same phoneme cannot occur in the same phonetic environment. They aresaid to be in c____ distribution. Complementary7.When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation,they are collectively known as i____. Intonation8.The m____ unit of meaning is traditionally called morpheme. Minimum9.I____ morphemes are bound morphemes that are for the most part purely grammaticalmarkers, signifying such concepts as tense, number, case and so on. Inflectional10.Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain three elements: head, specifier,and c____. Complement11.Concerning the study of meaning, conceptualist view holds that there is no direct linkbetween a linguistic form and what it refers to; rather, in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of c____ in the mind. concept12.The sense relation bet ween “animal” and “dog” is called h____.hyponymy13.P____ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.Polysemy14.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaningthe c____ of use is taken into consideration. Context15.S____ refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class. Sociolect16.WHO is an a____ derived from the initials of “World Health Organization”. Acronym17.According to Halliday, language varies as its function varies; it differs in different situations.The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a r____.Register18.In cross-cultural communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become partof culture B, thus bringing about the phenomenon of cultural d____. Diffusion19.While the first language is acquired s____, the second or foreign language is more commonlylearned consciously. Subconsciouslynguage a______ refers to a natural ability for learning a second language. Acquisition21.Vibration of vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called “v”, which is afeature of all vowels and some consonants in English. V oice22.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segment are called s____ features.Suprasegmental23.Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words and rules for word f____.Formation24.The minimal unit of meaning is traditionally called m____. Morpheme25.The sense relation between “autumn” and “fall” is called s____. Synonym26.H____ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form,i.e. , different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. Homonymy27.In daily communication, people do not always observe the four maxims of the co-operativeprinciple. Conversational i____ would arise when the maxims are flouted. Implicature28.SARS is an a____ derived from the initials of “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome”.Acronym29.I____ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regardingregional, social, gender, and age variations. Idiolect30.RP, the short form of “R____ Pronunciation” refers to the particular way of pronouncingstandard English. ReceivedⅢ.Multiple choice.Choose the best answer to the following items.1.____ is considered to be the father of modern linguistics.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. Leonard BloomfieldD. M. A. K. Halliday2.In the scope of linguistics, ____ form the part of language which links together the soundpattern and meaning.A. morphology and syntaxB. phonetics and semanticsC. semantics and syntaxD. morphology and semantics3.____ studies the sounds from the hearer’s point of view, i.e., how the sounds are perceived bythe hearer.A. auditory phoneticsB. acoustic phoneticsC. articulatory phonetics4.Which of the following words begins with a velar voiced stop? ____A. godB. bossC. cockD. dog5.Which of the following words ends with a dental, voiceless fricative? ____A. roseB. waveC. clothD. massage6.Which of the following words contains a back, open and unrounded vowel? ____A. godB. bootC. walkD. task7.Which of the following is Not a velar sound? _____A. [h]B. [k]C. [g]D. [ŋ]8.Which of the following is Not a minimal pair?____A. bat, biteB. kill, pillC. peak, pig,D. meat, seat9.Which of the following is an open class words?____A. emailB. butC. theD. they10.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the inflectional morphemes except____.A. paintsB. painterC. paintedD. painting11.Which of the following words has more than three morphemes? ____A. psychophysicsB. boyfriendsC. forefatherD. undesirability12.The pair of words “dead and alive” is called ____.A.gradable antonymsB. relational oppositesC. complementary antonyms13.Which pair of the following words can be categorized as stylistic synonyms?____A. torch & flashlightB. die & deceaseC. amaze & astoundD. luggage & baggage14.X: John has given up smoking.Y: John used to smoke.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y15.X: My father has been to London.Y: My father has been to UK.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y16.When we violate any of the maxims of Co-operative Principle, our language might become____.A. impoliteB. incorrectC. indirectD. unclear17.According to Searl’s classification of speech acts, which of the fo llowing is an instance ofdirectives? ____A.I fire you!B.Your money or your life!C.I’m sorry for the mess I have made.D.I have never seen the man before.18.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?A. treeB. crashC. typewriterD. bang19.The word “Kodak” is a(n) ____.A. blendB. coined wordC. clipped wordD. acronym20.Which of the following words is Not formed by means of clipping?_____A. memoB. motelC. quakeD. gym21.According to Halliday, mode of discourse refers to the _____ of communication.A. subjectB. roleC. situationD. means22.Which of the following theories of language acquisition believes that language learning issimply a matter of imitation and habit formation? ____.A.The behaviorist viewB. The innatist viewC. The interactionist viewD. The cognitive theory23.Which of the following sentences is an example of overgeneralization? ____.A.Jane told me to give up smoking.B.Jane asked me to give up smoking.C.Jane advised me to give up smoking.D.Jane suggested me to give up smoking.24.Which of the following hypotheses is put forth by Dr. Krashen? ____.A.Critical Period HypothesisB. Input HypothesisC. Language Acquisition Device HypothesisD. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis25.Who among the following linguists put forward Co-operative Principles?A.Paul GriceB. John SearleC. KrashenD. Leech26.Which of the following linguists is the initiator of transformational generative grammar?A. F. de SaussureB. N. ChomskyC. G. LeechD. M. A. K. Halliday27.When a ______ comes to be adopted by a population as its primary language and childrenlearn it as their first language, it becomes .B. A. creole... pidgin B. pidgin... creoleC. C. regional dialect... sociolectD. sociolect ... regional dialect28.____ studies the sounds from the speaker’s point of view, i.e., how a speaker uses his speechorgans to articulate speech sounds.A. Auditory phoneticsB. Acoustic phoneticsC. Articulatory phonetics29.We know the verb “put” requires an NP followed by a PP or Adv. Thus, the process of puttingwords of the same lexical category into smaller classes according to their syntactic characteristic is called .A. categorizationB. subcategorizationC. syntactic categoriesD. coordination30.Which of the following words contains a front, close and unrounded vowel? ____A. badB. bedC. beatD. but31.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the derivational morphemes except____.A. fasterB. writerC. lovelyD. conversion32.Which of the following is an open class words?____A. emailB. butC. theD. they33.The pair of words “borrow and lend” is c alled ____.A.gradable antonymsB. relational oppositesC. complementary antonyms34.Which pair of the following words can be categorized as collocational synonyms?____A. torch & flashlightB. pretty & handsomeC. amaze & astoundD. luggage & baggage35.X: My sister will soon be divorced.Y: My sister is a married woman.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y36.X: John married a blond heiress.Y: John married a blond.The sentence relation between X and Y is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is contradictory with Y37.According to Searl’s classification of speech acts, which of the following is Not an instanceof directives? ____A. Open the window!B. Your money or your life!C. Would you like to go to the picnic with us?D. I have never seen the man before.38.The word “brunch” is a(n) ____.A. blendB. coined wordC. clipped wordD. acronym39.According to Halliday, field of discourse refers to the _____ of communication.A. subjectB. roleC. situationD. means40.There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" isknown as a( n)A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form41.Which of the following theories of language acquisition holds that human beings arebiologically programmed for language and that the language develops in the child just as other biological functions such as walking? ____.A. The behaviorist viewB.The innatist viewC.The interactionist viewD.The cognitive theory42.The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as .A. glottisB. vocal cavityC. pharynxD. uvula43.Which of the following hypotheses is put forward by Eric Lenneberg? ____.A. Critical Period HypothesisB.Input Hypothesisnguage Acquisition Device HypothesisD.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis44.Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called ____morpheme.A. inflectional B .free C. bound D. derivational45.There are ____ morphemes in the word denationalization?A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixnguage isA. instinctiveB. non-instinctiveC. staticD. genetically transmitted47.Pitch variation is known as ____ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.A. intonationB. toneC. pronunciationD. voice48.Which one is different from the others according to manners of articulation?A. [z]B.[w]C.[e]D.[v]49.21. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?A. [n]B. [m]C. [b]D. [p]50.Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels?A. [i:]B. [u]C. [e]D. [i]51.What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?A. VoicelessB. VoicedC. Glottal stopD. Consonant52.When a child uses “mummy” to refer to any woman, most probably his “mummy”means .A. + HumanB. + Human + AdultC. + Human + Adult – MaleD. + Human + Adult - Male + Parent53.The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day, eight days a week." obviously violatesthe maxim of ______.A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner54.The pair of words “north” and “south” is ___.A. gradable oppositesB. relational oppositesC. co-hyponymsD. synonyms55.Which of the following sentences is NOT an example of cross-association?A. other / anotherB. much / manyC. stalagmite / stalagtiteD. bow / bow56.describes whether a proposition is true or false.A. TruthB. Truth valueC. Truth conditionD. Falsehood57."John sent Mary a post card." is a case ofA. one-place predicationB. two-place predicationC. three-place predicationD. no-place predication58."John killed Bill but Bill didn't die" is a( n)A. entailmentB. presuppositionC. anomalyD. contradiction59.refers to the process whereby a word is shortened without a change in the meaningand in the part of speech.A. BlendingB. Back-formationC. ClippingD. Conversion60.Which of the following aspects is NOT the core of the study of general linguistics?A. soundB. structureC. meaningD. applicationⅣ.True of false judgment.Judge whether the following statements are true or false. Write T in the corresponding bracket for a true statement and F for a false one.1.Linguistics studies languages in general, but not any particular language, e.g. English,Chinese, Arabic, and Latin, etc. T2.Modern linguistics regards the written language as the natural or primary medium of humanlanguage. F3.In narrow transcription, we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols only while inbroad transcription we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols together with the diacritics. T4.By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of language. Tplete homonyms are often brought into being by coincidence. T6.Of the three phonetics branches, the longest established one, and until recently the mosthighly developed, is acoustic phonetics. F7.The meaning of the word “seal” in the sentence “the seal could not be found” cannot bedetermined unless the context in which the sentence occurs is restored. T8.An Innatist view of language acquisition holds that human beings are biologicallyprogrammed for language. T9.According to co-operative principle, the conversational participants have to strictly observethe four maxims, so that the conversation can go on successfully. F10.The same word may stir up different association in people under different cultural background.T11.A child who enters a foreign language speech community by the age of three or four can learnthe new language without the trace of an accent. T12.In communication it will never be the case that what is grammatical is not acceptable, andwhat is ungrammatical may not be inappropriate. F13.Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive. T14.Since there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds, language is absolutelyarbitrary. F15.V owels may be distinguished as front, central and back according to the manner of articulation.F16.Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teachingand learning. F17.A phonological feature of the English compounds is that the stress of the word always falls onthe first element, and the second element receives secondary stress. F18.All the affixes belong to bound morphemes. T19.A polysemic word is the result of the evolution of the primary meaning of the word. T20.According to the innatist view of language acquisition, only when the language is modifiedand adjusted to the level of children’s comprehension, do they process and internalize the language items. F21.When a child acquires his mother tongue, he also acquires a language-specific culture andbecomes socialized in certain ways. T22.According to Austin, the performative utterance is used to perform an action, it also has truthvalue. F23.Children can learn their native language well whenever they start and whatever kinds oflanguage samples they receive. F24.Duality is one of the characteristics of human language. It refers to the fact that language hastwo levels of structures: the system of sounds and the system of meanings. T25.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situationswhile linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. FⅤ.Give a short answer to each of the following questions.1.Sense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of word meaning. What arethey and how are they related to each other? P662.According to Halliday, what is register? What are the social variables that determine theregister? P117-1183.What are the main features of human language that essentially make it different from otheranimal communication systems? P8-94.Give a brief illustration to the “semantic triangle” suggested by Ogden and Richards.P63-64 Ⅵ. Essay question.1.According to Austin, what are the three acts a person is possibly performing while making anutterance? Give an example to illustrate this? P80-822.What are the four maxims of the CP? Illustrate with examples how flouting these maximsgives rise to conversational implicature? P85-883.Please observe the following sentences; all of them are not well formed. What rules doeseach of the following sentences violate? And what are the two aspects in terms of sentence meaning? Please illustrate briefly.1) He ated the cake yesterday.2) We will gone to Beijing tomorrow.3) The table intended to marry the chair.4) My favorite fruit is red pears.Please take a look at the section 5.5.2 (page 73) to the first paragraph on page 74.1. The meaning of sentence is not the sum total of the meanings of all its components. And itincludes both grammatical meaning and semantic meaning.2. The grammatical meaning of a sentence refers to its grammaticality, which is governed bythe grammatical rules of the language. Any violation can result in mistakes, making a sentence unacceptable. Such as sentence 1) has a wrong word “ated” and 2) has “will gone”;3. But grammatically well-formed sentences can still be unacceptable because whether asentence is semantically meaningful is decided by rules called selectional restrictions, in other words, constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. Some sentences may be grammatically well-formed, yet they may not be semantically meaningful because they contain words which are not supposed to go together. For example, as we can find in sentence3) and 4), no table would intend to marry the chair unless in a children’s story and there isno red pears usually in the world. Therefore, some selectional restrictions have been violated.。

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凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！

第 1 页共 1 页
2016年大连海事外国语言学及应用语言
学真题（完整版）凯程首发

刚考完2016考研初试，凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线，同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答
题情况，几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过，所考专业课难度与往年相当，答题
的时候非常顺手，相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉，预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。考研分笔
试、面试，如果没有准备，或者准备不充分，很容易被挂掉。如果需要复试的帮助，同学们
可以联系凯程老师辅导。
下面凯程老师把专业的真题全面展示给大家，供大家估分使用，以及2017年考研的同
学使用，本试题凯程首发!
1 选择20个有几个是历年真题里的
2 冠词和介词de填空个人觉得要靠平时积累了
3 代词填空
4 填空基本都是第二册上的特别细节
5 复合过去时填空
6 汉译法当时看到卷子都蒙了没有一个会的有她昨晚被蚊子叮了还有什么
经济状况之类的
7 法译汉不是很难但有些词不认识只能瞎蒙了
8 作文我理想的配偶好像没有字数限制有点忘了。
基础英语
这一科我真是折了不说复习的如何答题时间不够用
1 20个选择并没有像大纲说的有替换词
2 阅读前三个真的不难但也答的不好最后一个算全是蒙
3翻译英译汉说的是人体衰老之类的
汉译英说什么度的把握当时看到以为是政治呢完全没有时间答翻译唉
4 作文就是大概说学校安排的课有利于学生找工作么谈你自己的想法 400字作文真
的浪费太长时间了建议平时多练练
综合英语

1 填空感觉今年的填空很难很偏
2 判断对错
3构词法
4 连线也是考词汇学
5术语解释 extra-linguistic context
locutionary act
semantic field
critical period hypothesis
6 简答题第一个 8phonetics 和phonology