2017北师大英语应用语言学回忆版真题
复试试题（语言学及应用语言学）
复试试题（语言学及应用语言学）复试试题（语言学及应用语言学）2000年现代汉语1. 填空2. 名词解释：基本词汇、存现句、音素和音位、比喻和比拟3. 句法分析4. 现代汉语词汇的特点5. 哪几种把字句不能或不宜变换成主谓宾句式2001年1. 汉民族共同语形成的过程2. /e/代表几个音素，为什么可以用一个/e/代表几个音素3. 给下列轻声字写出国际音标，并说明轻声引起了哪几种音变：棉花、豆腐等10-15个词4. 同义词辨析：仔细/细心常常/经常/往往5. 归并义项：“轻”的多个义项6. 词性标注，并说明其语法功能7. 分析歧义句，说明变换分析法与层次分析法的区别：保护了小张的奶奶8. 歧义分化的实质是什么9. 指出下列单位中，哪些是词、字、短语，说明三者之间的关系如何10. 说说你是如何理解“语法的动态多角度验证”的。
04年复试现代汉语部分（30分）一，什么是轻声？轻声对韵母的读音有哪些影响？并举例说明。
二，什么是词汇？它有几个组成部分？各包括什么？举例说明。
（一说：汉语有几级词汇单位？）三，对下列各词的进行比较，说明其用法有何异同。
并举例。
1，每—各； 2，吗—呢四，“听说他马上回来”和“命令他马上回来”有何区别，请加以论证。
古代汉语部分（30分）一，解释黑体字的义项，如果是活用，说明活用的类型。
（5个）（10分）二，标点并翻译短文（《孟子》节选），并回答问题：找出宾语前置的句子，并说明原因是什么。
（20分）语言学概论部分（40分）一，名词解释1，组合关系和聚合关系 2，义素分析法 3，历史比较法二，严式标音（马、谈、见、猫等）指出其中元音是几个音位，为什么？三，以语言结构各要素和社会联系的不同，说明语言发展的不平衡性。
四，用变换分析法说明下列两个句子在语义上的差别。
这位领导我也不认识。
这种植物我也不认识。
05年复试语言学概论部分（30分）一，名词解释1，亲属语言 2，屈折语 3，音质音位 4，语法范畴二，简答1、口语和书面语的关系2、语言发展变化的两大特点3、词汇意义和语法意义的区别。
北师语言学真题回忆版
北师语言学真题回忆版2009年以前考试04年语言学试卷1.Define the following terms:20 points1) langue2) parole3) allophone4) semantic field5) cohesion2.Try to identify the possible paradigmatic relation between any items in the following poem by Lu Xun 10points岂有豪情似旧时？花开花落两由之。
何期泪洒江南雨，又为斯民哭健儿！3.Give some lexical items to illustrate social dialects. Try to explain their connotations.20 points4. What can this rule mean in English grammar? 10 points{D}---[-id]/[t]---5. Define the following sounds in terms of articulatory features10 points6.Try to tell some of the similarities and differences between English and Chinese nominal constructions. Supply some examples.10 points7.We can use the pattern “it is ……”to emphasize any part of a sentence except the predicate. What can we do if we must emphasize it ? Please give examples to highlight your emphasis of any part of this sentence :15pointsI bought a book in the city yesterday.8. Try to discuss as many as possible the design features of human language.15 points9. Observe the following sentences:老王找到老张，才找到他的儿子。
高考英语复习Laughter练习真题含解析北师大版
Unit 17 Laughter[学生用书P127]Ⅰ单句语法填空1．The street is always busy with heavy traffic, so extreme ____________(cautious) is needed when you cross it.答案：caution2．We were astonished ____________(find) the temple still in its original condition.答案：to find3．He was in poor health，so the doctor forbade him from ____________(drink) wine.答案：drinking4．The girl was on a diet，but she couldn’t resist ____________(eat)sweet food.答案：eating5．The actor decided to hold a meeting in ____________(respond) to the news.答案：response6．Hearing the ____________(amuse) news，all the people in the room burst into laughter.答案：amusing7．While ____________(lie) on the grass，the boy heard someone calling for help.答案：lying8．It is ____________(acknowledge) that Liu Huan is a very talented musician.答案：acknowledged9．My mother ____________(cook) some delicious food when I arrived at home yesterday.答案：was cooking10．When she saw a car coming，she tried ____________(desperate) to push the boy away.答案：desperatelyⅡ单句改错1．The other day his appearance made us amusing when he turned up at theparty.____________________答案：amusing→amused2．Human beings must live in harmony to nature，or they will suffer from it.____________________答案：to→with3．Parents should manage to forbid their children play computer games.____________________答案：play→playing或play前加to4．You will be convincing of his dishonesty sooner or later.____________________ 答案：convincing→convinced5．He is so a kind person that many people often turn to him for help.____________________答案：so→suchⅢ单元语法——过去完成进行时；进行时态和非进行时态单句语法填空/单句改错1．(2017·浙江卷6月)His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he ____________(do)．答案：had been doing2．(2017·北京卷)She ____________(talk) to her mother about the lives of homeless people since they first saw the homeless man.答案：had been talking3．Due to the hard training they ____________(do) before, their performances were very impressive.答案：had done4．(2017·北京卷)The two didn’t know each other well —Taylor had just ____________(move)to town a month or so before.答案：moved5．(2016·北京卷)Jack ____________(work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.答案：was working6．The girl has been playing the piano for two hours before her mother came home. ____________________答案：has →had7．The plane left at 8：30，but you should check in half an hour ahead of time. ____________________答案：left→leaves8．It is reported that the company would put on a new film in two weeks’ time. ____________________答案：would→will9．He is working in China and he has worked in France for three years. ____________________答案：去掉has10．When I came in，the girl is chatting with her friends on the Internet.____________________答案：is→wasⅠ教材与语法填空根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2017年北京地区研究生学位英语真题
2017年研究生学位真题Part II Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points)Section A ( 0.5 point each)21. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories.A dashedB filedC strolledD swarmed22. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.A compellingB rationalC ridiculousD ambiguous23. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.A supportB restrictC raiseD modify24. Patie nts are expected to comply with doctors’ instructions for quick recovery.A improve onB abide byC draw uponD reflect on25. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.A abundantB controversialC conductiveD convincing26. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.A more wealthyB less successfulC dismissed earlierD favorably positioned27.If you hold on to a winning attitude, you’ll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A influenceB strengthC outlookD consequence28. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches.A believedB discardedC advocatedD confirmed29. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.A assessingB cuttingC elevatingD altering30. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control .A joinedB ascribedC fastenedD divertedSection B (0.5 point each)31. It takes a year for the earth to make each ___ , or revolution, around the sun.A tourB travelC visitD trip32. ___this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A Tied up withB Fed up withC Wrapped up inD Piled up with33. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his ___ home.A humbleB obscureC inferiorD lower34. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from _____ as possible.A humidityB humanityC harmonyD honesty35. As an important ___ for our emotions and ideas, music an play a huge role in our life.A vesselB vestC ventureD vehicle36. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who ___ six years of instruction.A set aboutB run forC sit throughD make for37. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an even deeper ___ between the rich and poor.A boundaryB differenceC wedgeD variation38. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ___ the soils on his farm.A accustomed toB committed toC applied toD suited to39. The sun is so large that if it were ___, it would hold a million earths.A elegantB immenseC hollowD clumsy40. This patient’s life could be saved only by a major operation. That would ___her to a high risk.A exposeB leadC contributeD sendPart III Cloze Test ( 10 points, 1 point each)Harvard University’s under-graduate is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard’s curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization.“Harvard needs to 43 its education for a world where global connections, cross disc iplinary research, and science in general are ever more important,” said Kirby.Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university.“46 ” studying Chinese history without leaving the university, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at a uni versity in China.”It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required “core curriculum”. The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized “ways of knowing.”Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49 “Harvard College Courses”, emphasizing knowledge over methodology and 50 wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Bebedict Gross, Harward College dean.41. A reviewing B inspecting C searching D underlying42. A in accordance with B in line with C in response to D in charge of43. A uphold B update C upset D upward44. A note-worthy B trust-worthy C praise-worthy D reward-worthy45. A turn out B turn in C turn over D turn to46. A In spite of B As if C Rather than D Let alone47. A perish B destroy C denounce D abolish48. A appropriate B imaginative C specific D special49. A optional B optical C opposite D optimistic50. A sparing B spiraling C sparkling D spanningPart IV Reading Comprehension ( 45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneA report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution? Quite a lot, it turns out.Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source----exhaustfumes. Also don’t walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.Sitting on the driver’s side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.51. What is the passage mainly about?A How to fight air pollution in big cities.B How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C How serious air pollution is in big cities.D How to breathe fresh air in big cities.52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities ____A can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disaster.B cannot be compared with the disaster in Chernobyl.C can be more serious that we used to think .D can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disaster.53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ____A where the wind is going .B where the wind is coming.C where the wind is weakerD where the wind is stronger54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _____A on the right side in the busB on the left side of the bus .C in the middle of the busD at the back of the bus55. It is implied in the passage that ____A people should not take street level transportationＢtiny iron particles will not cause health problems.Ｃtraveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus.D air pollution on an underground train is less poisonous.56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ____A wait a few seconds until the fumes reduce.B stay away from the traffic as far as possible.C hold you breath until you get to the other side of the street.D count down for the light to change.Passage TwoThe patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked. The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.Well, almost certain.Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervisingphysicians are making mistakes or bending the truth. Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals.On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked. Residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. Last were the medical students who were most assuredly a the bottom of the heap.The students whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her.What should a medical student do in such a situation ? One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it.These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, “The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring.” But in the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. Students and residents are now expected to provide routine feedback ----positive and negative ---about their supervising physicians at the close of their rotation.Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and nonconfrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even for a patient’s benefit, is whistle-blowing.57. As mentioned in the passage, the hospital hierarchy ____A is useful to the people on the lower layer.B is built on a performance-reward system.C is a barrier to the exchange of medical views.D is an effective way of teaching medical views.58. “the benefit of the doubt” in Paragraph 5 shows that _____A the student was not quite certain that she was right.B the resident did not respond to the student’s doubt.C the student was denied the chance to doubt the superior.D the resident benefited from the student’s suggestion.59. James Dwyer’s words mean that ____A students should learn to speak both kindly and professionally.B students should challenge the superior for the benefit of patients.C students should retain their faith even after facing some difficulties.D students should be educated on who to care more about the patients.60. What is the attitude of medical educators toward teaching students to give feedback?A ConfusedB IndifferentC ReluctantD Enthusiastic61. The author tends to believe that the problem faced by medical students ____A will remain for a long timeB will disappear in the near future.C should not be exaggerated.D can’t be solved successfully.62. The passage focuses on ___A the development of teaching hospitals’ hierarchies.B different roles in teaching hospitals’ hierarchies.C the future reform on teaching hospitals’ hierarchies.D the problems caused by teaching hospitals’ hierarchies.Passage ThreeGlobal warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere , global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries.Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. “ Wouldn’t it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn’t it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action,” Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia, such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley’s research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn’t predict if , when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider.“This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it’s part of that because we’re not going to get along with each other if we’re not getting along with the planet,” Alley sai d.63. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming ____A can be easedB can be endedC will become worseD will last for decades.64. Ally’s research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___A abrupt changes in atmospheric patterns.B subtle changes in atmospheric patterns.C humans’ burning of fossil fuel .D increasing levels of carbon dioxide.65. The word “upbeat” ( in paragraph 3) probably means “_______”A pessimisticB optimisticC worriedD insensible66. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warming?A To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.B To start a political, scientific and economic debate.C To take action to burn no fossil fuels.D To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.67. Alley predicts that global warming could turn European and parts of eastern North America into ___A a region like SiberiaB A warmer and warmer placeC a tropical regionD a place like North Pole68. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world is ___A lack of harmonyB violenceC global warmingD climate shiftPassage FourWe’re talking about money here, and the things you buy with it---and about what attitude we should take to spending.Across most of history and in most culture, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It’s nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don’t work out that way. They point to an idea called the “paradox of thrift.” Imagine you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That w ay, you don’t have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits.It’s a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about level of personal debt. Yet if people suddenly stopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble.Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won’t buy things that they need.In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered that different areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful .If you think you really want that product because it’s beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product. 6969. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _______A enjoy their present life as much as possible.B spend every penny they have earned.C save every penny for the future.D save some money for later use.70. According to the context, “paradox” ( in Paragraph 2) probably means “_______”.A contradictionB hypothesisC declarationD assertion71. It is implied that many people in the UK and the United States ________A have to work hard to make ends meetB spend more than they can afford.C have trouble in paying back their debts.D don’t pay back their debts on time .72. According to the recent studies made by economists, people ____A take pleasures in buying useless things.B won’t buy things that they need.C spend their money irrationallyD make rational choices while spending their money.73. It has been proved by the scientists at Stanford University that some people like to save money because ____A they like keeping their money in the bank.B they will feel safe if they save enough money for the future.C they don’t want to spend their money on useless things.D spending money gives them pain74. The passage mainly tells us ________A how to spend our money.B It is better to save some money for the future.C It is the chemicals released from the brain that decide our spending.D how to form a habit of rational spending.Passage FiveTrees are good. Good enough to hug. Planting trees will make the world cooler than it would otherwise be. This is the subject of a newly published by Govindasamy Bala, of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in California, and his colleagues. Dr Bala has found, rather counter-intuitively, that removing all of the world’s trees might actually cool the planet down.The reason for this is that trees affect the world’s temperature by means other than the carbon they take in. For instance forests remain quite a dark shade even after a snowstorm. They are certainly darker than grasslands, and thus they can absorb more of the sun’s heat than vegetation which might otherwise cover the same stretch of land. That warms things up.Dr Bala and his colleagues took such effects into account using a computer model called the Integrated Climate and Carbon Model. Unlike most climate-change models, which calculate how the Earth should absorb and radiate heat in response to a list of greenhouse-gas concentrations, this one has many subsections that represent how the carbon cycle works, and how it influences the climate.Overall, Dr Bala’s model suggests that complete deforestation would cause an additional 1.30 C temperature rise compared with business as usual, because of the higher carbon-dioxide levels that would result. However, the additional reflectivity of the planet would cause 1.6 0 C of cooling. A treeless world would thus be 0.3 0 C cooler than otherwise.No one, of co urse, would consider chopping down the world’s forests to keep the planet cool. But having made their point, Dr. Bala and his colleagues then went on to look at forest growth and loss at different latitudes. Planting trees in convenient places such as Europe and North America may actually be counterproductive. In Russia and Canada, cutting trees down lead mostly to local cooling the carbon dioxide this released into the atmosphere, though, warmed the world all over. Around the equator, by contrast, warming acted locally (as well as globally), so a tropical country would experience warming created by cutting down trees.The results follow increasing criticism from climate scientists of the benefits of forestry schemes to offset carbon emissions. Planting trees to neutralize carbon emissions has become a big business: ￡60m worth of trees have been bought this year, up from ￡20m in 2005. By 2010 the market is expected to reach ￡300m.75. According to the passage, trees make the world warmer because of their ____A deep colorB round shapeC enormous sizeD high reflectivity76. Dr Bala’s Integrated Climate and Carbon Model ________A supports the findings of other climate models.B is based on the results of other climate models.C uses a system different from other climate models.D challenges the basic theory of other climate models.77. Based on Dr Bala’s model, a treeless world would _________A cause serious environmental problems.B prove helpful in fighting global warming.C make it difficult to deal with climate changeD raise carbon dioxide levels and global temperature78. According to Dr Bala, the best places to plant trees would be _____A North AmericaB EuropeC High-latitude countriesD tropical countries79. As is shown in the passage , criticism from other climate scientists ____A should be taken rather seriouslyB is unreasonable and far-fetchedC involves mostly economic interestsD is voiced on behalf of the government80. The best title for the passage is ______A Should Green Trees Be Left Alone?B Why Green Trees Might Not Green?C How to Help Green Trees Survive?D How to Go Green with Green Trees?Paper TwoPart V Translation ( 30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occasions when even the best advice may not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that they can’t begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpretation.Section B ( 15 minutes, 10 points)中国可持续性发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。
2017年北京语言大学语言学及应用语言学考研真题(回忆版)
全国 8 大分校·出题人阅卷人加盟·多对一跟踪督促·精准考研信息·考前绝密押题·复试协议保过高端 状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题（含解析）笔记·专业课押题卷
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北京语言大学简介
北京语言大学是中国教育部直属高等学校，是在周恩来总理的亲自关怀下建立的，创办于 1962 年。1964 年 6 月定名为北京语言学院，1974 年毛泽东主席为学校题写校名，1996 年 6 月更名为北京语言文化大学， 2002 年校名简化为北京语言大学。
北京语言大学从事汉语国际教育和中华文化教育历史最长，规模最大，师资力量最雄厚。迄今为止， 学校已经为世界上 176 个国家和地区培养了 16 万余名懂汉语、熟悉中华文化的外国留学生。其中很多校友 已经成为学界、政界、商界的知名人士。现任联合国副秘书长、联合国日内瓦办事处总干事卡塞姆• 托卡 耶夫，埃塞俄比亚总统穆拉图•特肖梅•沃图，哈萨克斯坦政府总理卡里姆•马西莫夫，俄罗斯外交部副部长 伊戈尔•莫尔古洛夫，德国汉学家顾彬，美国物理学家、诺贝尔奖获得者埃里克•康奈尔等知名人士都曾在 北语学习过。此外，北语还为中国培养了数以十万计的优秀人才，其中包括大批在出国留学人员培训部接 受过专门外语培训的公派留学人员，现在他们多已成为国家各个领域的栋梁。
状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题（含解析）笔记·专业课押题卷
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2. 报名 （1）考生报名前应仔细核对本人是否符合报考条件，凡不符合报考条件的考生将不予录取，相关后果 由考生本人承担。 （2）报名包括网上报名和现场确认两个阶段。所有参加硕士研究生招生考试的考生均须进行网上报名， 并到报考点现场确认网报信息、缴费和采集本人图像等相关电子信息。具体相关信息请关注“中国研究生 招生信息网”及北京语言大学研究生招生信息栏。
2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题及答案
2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题：Part II. Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. The focus on profitability pushes the systems unreasonably large, rendering them more vulnerable to terrorist attacks.A declaringB verifyingC makingD indicating22. The 8.5-ton Shenzhou III spaceship has been substantially improved in terms of the life-support systems.A technologicallyB considerablyC structurallyD internally23. According to the American judicial system twelve people constitute a jury.A composeB overthrowC disposeD surpass24. With so many trivial matters to attend to, he can hardly get down to reading for the test.A participate inB cater toC indulge inD see to25. The decently dressed son and the humble-looking father formed a striking contrast.A astonishingB humiliatingC noticeableD fleeting.26. Nowadays the prevention against SARS has assumed new significance and attracted much attention.A carried onB taken onC worked onD embarked on27. At the economic forum, each speech by a distinguished guest has to be translated simultaneously.A once in a whileB at the same timeC in a broad senseD as soon as possible.28. Studies of the role of positive thinking in our daily lives have yielded interesting results.A specific=definiteB activeC creativeD confident.29. This training course is intended to improve the competence of English of the staff.A proficiencyB graspC efficiencyD competition30. Students are supposed to set aside enough time for recreations and sports.A set apartB leave outC go aboutD put upSection B (0.5 point each)31. Some of the old customs has continued ____ politeness although they are no longer thoughtabout now.A in the way ofB in the eyes ofC in the face ofD in the form of32. One of the chief functions of slang words is to consolidate one’s ___ with a group.A identificationB specificationC introductionD superstition33. Given the other constitutional grounds elaborated by the justices, the association ____ thatschools should continue to test, if they so choose.A preserveB safeguards B maintains D conserves34. Finding out information about these universities has become amazingly easy for any one withthe Internet ____A entranceB admissionC accessD involvement35. Lack of exercise as well as unhealthy dietary habits can increase the risk of ____A mobilityB moralityC maturityD mortality36. On this bridge many suicide attempts are ____; lives can be saved.A impulsiveB responsiveC destructiveD speculative37. Abraham Lincoln was born on a small farm where the forests were ____ by wild animals.A residedB inhabitedC segregatedD exhibited38. Some teenagers a re so crazy about video games as to play them many hours________, if possible.A on purposeB on hand .C on creditD on end39. Authorities of wildlife have spent millions of dollars on the protection of nature ____A reservesB preservativesC conservativesD reservations.-daughter, her ____ parents having died in an accident.40. The young lady is Mr. Smith’s stepA ecologicalB psychologicalC physiologicalD biologicalPart III. Cloze Test (10 minutes, 1 point each)No one knows for sure whether the type of tea (you drink) makes a difference in health, but experts say all kinds of teas probably have some health 41 . Each contains high levels of antioxidants (抗氧化剂), 42 affect the process by which oxygen interacts with a substance t o change its chemical 43 . But, the way (tea is processed) can change antioxidant levels 44color and taste.Green tea is made by picking the leaves and quickly heating them to stop oxidization. Green tea typically has a 45 , fresh taste. Black tea is processed t o fully oxidize and ferment (发酵) the leaves and create a stronger taste. Some experts suggest that this 46 some variation in health effects between black and green teas. The more rare white tea is considered the finest of teas because it 47 the youngest buds from the plants, which are still covered with whitish hairs when they’re picked. White and green teas have 48 amount of caffeine. But even black tea containonly about half as much caffeine as coffee.Herbal teas are something 49 different. They are made from the leaves, flowers or roots of various plants. Herbal teas can vary widely 50 their health effects.41. A advantages B benefits C merits D profits42. A where it B that C which D when it43. A elements B ingredients C fragment D composition44. A as well as B as it is C as far as D as it were45. A faint B mild C tender D gentle46. A joins in B hands in C results in D gives in47. A composes of B makes out C makes up D consists of48. A less B the least C more D the most49. A entirely B inevitably C enormously D irresistibly50. A in case of B in proportion to C in exchange for D in terms ofPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 pint each)Passage OneSingletons, referring to those who live alone, are being comforted by well-meaning friends andfamily and told that not having a partner is not the end of the world. So, it would seem that they can say, yes, it is not. But no, in fact, it is the end.A gloomy study has just been released that says that the international trend towards living aloneis putting an unprecedented strain on our ecosystem.For a number of reasons---- relationship breakdown, career choice, longer life spans, smaller families---- the number of individual households is growing. And this is putting intolerable pressure on natural resources, and accelerating the extinction of endangered plant and animal species. And there is worse news. Running a refrigerator, television, cooker, plumbing system justfor selfish little you is a disastrous waste of resources on our over-populated planet. “The efficiency is a lot higher in households of two people or more, simply because theyof resource consumption”share everything. Well imagine that . Just when you thought living alone was OK, you would findthat all the time you were the enemy of mankind. Every time you put the kettle on the stove for acup of coffee you were destroying Mother Earth. Indeed, it is not just your mother who is a bitworried by your continuing single status ---- you are letting down the entire human race by nothaving a boyfriend or girlfriend. The trouble is that society has a group instinct and people panicand hit out when they see other people quietly rebelling and straying away from the “family and coupledom.The suggestion is that singledom should be at best a temporary state. Unless you are assimilatedinto a larger unit, you can never be fully functional.Try “communal living.” There are all these illustrations of young attractive people having aFriends.“green time,” laughingly bumping into each other. It looks like an episode of the TV seriesAnd the message is clear: Togetherness is good, solitude is bad, and being single on your own isnot allowed.51. Well-meaning friends and family members often tell those who live alone that _____A they should end their singledom as soon as possible.B they should live together with other singletons.C singledom is an acceptable life-style.D singledom can shorten one’slife-span.52. Which of the following may NOT be the reason for the increasing number of households as mentioned in the passage?A Many people get divorced because of unhappy marriage.B Now people can afford to support a household individually.C Some people have to sacrifice family life for their careers.D Many people live much longerthan before.53. The author thinks living alone is disastrous mainly because singledom is _________A harmful to people’s life.B destructive to our ecosystem.C dangerous to plants and animals.D unworkable in our society54. It is implied in the passage that singletons are usually _______A self-reliantB self-consciousC self-sufficientD self-centered55. When seeing others living alone, some people panic because they think singledom is ____A abnormalB diversifiedC unimaginableD disgusting56. The author suggests that singletons should ___________A find boy friends or girl friends.B live with their parents and other family members.C live together and share more with their friends.D watch more episodes of the TV seriesFriends.Passage TwoIn 1999 when MiShel and Carl Meissner decided to have children, they tackled the next bigissue; Should they try to have a girl? It was no small matter. MiShel’s brother had beco from a hereditary condition in his early 20s, and the Meissners had learned that the condition is adisorder passed f rom mothers to sons. If they had a boy, he would have a 50 percent chance ofhaving the condition. A girl would be unaffected. The British couple’s inquiries about sex selectionled them to Virginia, U.S., where a new sperm-separation technique, called MicroSort, was experimental at the time. When MiShel became pregnant she gave birth to a daughter. Now theywill try to have a second daughter using the same technique.The techniques separates sperm into two groups--- those that carry the X-chromosome (染色体) producing a female baby and those that carry the Y-chromosome producing a male baby.The technology was developed in 1990s, but the opening of laboratory in January 2003 inCalifornia marked the company’s first expansion. “We believe the number ofpeople who want this technology is greater than those who have access to it.” Said Keith L. Blauer, the companydirector.This is not only a seemingly effective way to select a child’s gender.It also brings a host of ethical and practical considerations ----especially for the majority of families who use the techniquefor nonmedical reasons.The clinic offers sex selection for two purposes: to help couples avoid passing on a sex-linked genetic disease and to allow those who already have a c hild to “balance” their family by having a baby of the opposite sex.Blaucer said the company has had an impressive success r ate: 91 percent of the women who become pregnant after sorting for a girl are successful, while 76 percent who sort for a boy and get pregnant are successful.The technique separates s perm based on the fact that the X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome. A machine is used to distinguished the size differences and sort the sperm accordingly.57. Why did MiShel and Carl decide not to have a boy?A Because t hey might give birth to a blind baby.B Because Carl might pass his family’s disease to his son.C Because the boy might become blind when he grows up.D Because they wanted a daughter to balance their family.58. When MiShel gave birth to her first girl, the new sperm-separation technique ____A had already been well-developed.B had not been declared successful.C was available to those who wanted it.D had been widely accepted in the medical world.primary concern regarding the application of the new59. Which of the following is the author’stechnology?A The expansion of the new technology may not bring profits to the companies.B Most people who use the technology will not have a baby as they want.C The effect of the new technology still needs to be carefully examined.D Increasing use of the technology may disturb the sex balance in the population60. According to Mr. Blauer, by using the new technology, ______A 91% of the women successfully give birth to girls.B 76% of the women get pregnantwith boys.C it is more successful for those who want to have girls.D it is more successful for those who wantto have boys.61. The sperm-separation technique is based on the fact that the chromosomes responsible for babies’ sex_____A are of different shapesB are of different sizesC can be identifiedD can be reproduced62. We can infer from this passage that the new technology_________A may not guarantee people a daughter or a son as they desire.B is used by most families for nonmedical reasons.C has brought an insoluble ethical dilemmafor mankind.D will lead to a larger proportional of females in the population.Passage ThreeWithout question there are plenty of bargains to be had at sales time ----particularly at thetop-quality shops whose reputation depends on having only the best and newest goods in stock each season. They tend, for obvious reasons, to be the fashion or seasonal goods which in due course become the biggest bargains.It is true that some goods are specially brought in for the sales but these too can provide exceptional value. A manufacturer may have the end of a range left in his hands and be glad to sellthe lot off cheaply to shops; or he may have a surplus of a certain material which he is glad to makeup and get rid of cheaply; or he may be prepared to produce a special line at low cost merely tokeep his employees busy during slack period. He is likely t o have a good many “seconds” available and if their defects are trifling these may be particularly good bargains.Nevertheless, sales do offer a special opportunity for sharp practices and shoppers need to beuld be clearly marked as such and not sold as if theyextra critical. For example the “second” showere perfect. The term “substandard,” incidentally, usually indicates a more serious defect thanMore serious is the habit of marking the price down from an alleged previous price “seconds.” which is in fact fictitious. Mis-description of this and all other kinds is much practiced by the menwho run one-day sales of carpets in church halls and the like. As the sellers leave the district the dayafter the sale there is little possibility of redress. In advertising sales, shops may say “only 100 left-price” when only awhen in fact they have plenty more; conversely they may say “10,000 at halfwerefew are available at such a drastic reduction. If ever the warning “let the buyer beware” necessary it is during sales.63. Which kind of goods can be among the best bargains?A Cheapest goodsB Newest goodsC Seasonal goodsD Goods in stock64. The second paragraph deals with all of the following types of goods EXCEPT ____A surplus goodsB low-cost goodsC the end lot goodsD exceptionally valued goods65. In order to maintain his business during a bad time, a manufacturer may ____A have his goods produced at low cost.B sell his goods at a very low price.C have his employees sell his goods.D try to produce high quality goods.66. The passage suggests that “seconds”____________A are of better quality than “substandard goods”B attract buyers as particularly good bargains.C are defective but marked as perfect.D are goods with serious defects67. The word “redress” ( the underlined word in the last paragraph) probably means ____A dressing againB change of addressC compensation for something wrong.D selling the same product at different prices.68. During sales shoppers should ____A find the best bargains at every opportunity.B beware of being cheated.C buy things that are necessary.D pay more attention to the price.Passage FourHow many of today’s ailment, or even illnesses, are purely psychological? And how far can thesebe alleviated by the use of drugs? For example a psychiatrist concerned mainly with the emotionalproblems of old people might improve their state of mind somewhat b y the use of anti-depressantsbut he would not remove the root cause of their depression ----- the feeling of being useless, oftenunwanted and handicapped by failing physical powers.One of the most important controversies in medicine today is how far doctors, and particularlypsychologists, should depend on the use of drugs for “curing” their patients. It is not merel drugs may have been insufficiently tested and may reveal harmful side effects as happened in thecase of anti-sickness pills prescribed for expectant mothers but the uneasiness o f doctor who feelthat they are treating the symptoms of a disease without removing the disease itself. On the otherhand, some psychiatrists argue that in many cases such as chronic depressive illness it is impossibleto get at the root of the illness while the patient is in a depressed state. Even prolonged psychiatriccare may have no noticeable effect whereas some people can be lifted out of a depression by the useof drugs within a matter of weeks. These doctors feel not only that they have no right to withholdsuch treatment, but that the root cause of depression can be tackled better when the patient himselffeels better. This controversy is concerned, however, with the serious psychological illnesses. Itdoes not solve the problem of those whose headaches, i ndigestion, backache, etc. are due tophysical cause and as a matter “nerves”. Commonly a busy family doctor will ascribe them to someof routine prescribe a drug. Once again the symptoms are being cured rather than the disease itself.It may be true to say, as one doctor suggested recently, that over half of the cases that come to the attention are not purely physical ailments. If this is so, the situation is seriousordinary doctor’sindeed.69. The author thinks that drugs used for treating psychological ills ______A could be ineffective in some cases.B usually have harmful side effects.C can greatly alleviate the illnesses.D can remove the root causes.70. The controversy mentioned in the passage focuses on ___A whether psychologists should use drugs to cure their patients.B how psychologists should treat their patients.C the fact that all of the drugs have harmfulside effects.D the extent to which drugs should be used to fight psychological illness.71. The passage indicates that psychologists _____A find it impossible to remove a psychological diseaseB feel dissatisfied at treating theirpatients with drugs.C believe that the root cause of a disease can be ignored.D can do nothing if the patient is in adepressed state .72. When treating patients with psychological problems, some doctors feel that they ____A are at a loss for treatment.B have no right to use drugs.C have to cure their patients by any means.D should use drugs to treat the symptoms.73. A family doctor would normally consider a headache or backache as a result of ____A a more serious diseaseB some emotional problem.C a physical disorderD prolonged work74. Regarding the situation of psychological problems the author feels ____A concernedB hopelessC surprisedD disappointedPassage FiveThose who make the rules for financial institution probably should take a modified oath. Theirpledge would be: First, do no harm. Second, if the reforms put before me) are unclear, don’t approve them.Charles Morris may not have intended his new book Money, Greed, and Risk to cast such a dimlight on the regulators, but it does. In fact, it may serve as a wake-up call for true believers in ourcurrent regulatory structure, most of which was erected in the 1930s and most of which Morrisseems to favor, despite the stupid results it has caused.Morris, a former Chase Manhattan banking executive, outlines in great detail, again and again,how regulators, lawmakers, firms and many of the customers marched straight into mortgage, currency, thrift (互相储蓄) and other investment disasters. His discussion of Regulation Q, anattempt by Congress in the 1960s to rescue ailing savings and loans by regulating interest rates,reveals not only Congressional economic illiteracy, but also the deep harm such foolish thinking cando to the real economy.After some 260 pages listing the foolish things of Wall Street, regulators and lawmakers, Morrisdraws some pessimistic conclusions: “One constant in all the crises is that the regulatory responses come only after a crisis hits its peak.” For example, it “took the S&L crisis of the 1980s to b honest accounting to thrifts, and it wasn’t until the banking sector suffered huge losses in real e and foreign loans that regulators began to enforce strict capital standards.”So, what is the point of regulation? Morris, who is excellent at recounting tales of regulation gone。
北大17秋季36081001-大学英语1-第一组答案
一、英译汉(共35题，每题2分，共70分)鼓励独立完成作业，严惩抄袭。
1. Tom's father has taught English here since he graduated from Peking University.汤姆的爸爸从在北京大学毕业后就在这里教英语了。
试题编号：试题类型：简答题标准答案：***试题难度：一般试题解析：***考生答案：汤姆的爸爸从在北京大学毕业后就在这里教英语了。
考生得分：***是否评分：未评分评价描述：***2. Don’t you know that all the animals are good friends now?你难道不知道现在所有的动物都是好朋友吗？试题编号：试题类型：简答题标准答案：***试题难度：一般试题解析：***考生答案：你难道不知道现在所有的动物都是好朋友吗？考生得分：***是否评分：未评分评价描述：***3. Economists study the way a society uses scarce resources such as land, labor and raw materials.经济学家研究的是社会是如何利用诸如土地，劳动力还有原材料等稀缺资源。
试题编号：试题类型：简答题标准答案：***试题难度：一般试题解析：***考生答案：经济学家研究的是社会是如何利用诸如土地，劳动力还有原材料等稀缺资源。
考生得分：***是否评分：未评分评价描述：***4. He wanted to help all the wounded people no matter which side they were fighting for.。
北师大MTI近年真题回忆整理
2016翻译硕士英语：1、和以前题型不同，之前听说第一个题是20个词语辨析，词语都是特别难的那种gre难度的词汇，今年第一个题型是完形填空，关于留守儿童的，20个题，不是特别难，大家以后可以积累一下词组，固定用法之类的，毕竟即使不考完形填空，作文还是可以用到的。
2、阅读第一篇是关于云计算，计算机之类的，题目不难，篇幅也较短。
第二篇是拜伦对夏洛蒂•勃朗特的影响，偏文学性质，感觉没读懂，题目都可以读懂，但文章还是有难度的。
第三篇是讲欧洲那边主人公家里从事丧葬的人写的回忆性质的文章，不难理解，但是题目还是要仔细分析；第四篇是关于网络泄密，这篇不难理解，但是题目还是很有干扰的。
3、严格意义上来说，这一部分还是属于阅读，不过不是选择，是排序貌似是第三个还是第四个是固定的，其余五个需要根据理解排序。
之前没练过这个题型，还挺吃力的。
把握不准到底该填哪。
文章内容不是特别难，但是需要从整体把握文章结构并理解，建议大家平时还是练一下这个题型之前看经验说北师大的阅读都是篇幅很长的，差不多托福雅思级别难度，两篇选择题形式的阅读，还有两篇paraphrase的问答型阅读，看来今年题型变化还是蛮大的。
但是大家也不要掉以轻心，paraphrase有时间也可以练一下，说不定什么时候就又有可能考到呢。
4、作文people today do what they like but not what they should，do you agree不少于400字，专八难度吧，大家可以按专八来复习。
针对翻译硕士，我买了二级笔译综合能力那本书，本来是用来练单选的，今年并没有考到，挺好的。
完型比单选简单多了。
阅读我做了星火版的专八阅读，又买了一套专八真题，平时也看看英语文摘上的文章口译提高阅读能力。
作文学姐推荐我买了慎小嶷的10天突破雅思写作，这本书里面有很多话题的词组，都很有用。
比单纯的背范文好多了。
它可以拓展你的整体思维，我看这本书有点晚，所以没有看完。
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编5
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编5英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编5(总分：44.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、简答题(总题数：16，分数：44.00)Please disambiguate the following 5 sentences, using the tree-diagram, or any other means that you think is appropriate.（北京交通大学2007研)（分数：10.00）(1).Jane showed her baby pictures.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________正确答案：()解析：(2).The old man is drinking in the air.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：a.(VP drinking in)(NP the air)b.(VP drinking(PP in the air)))解析：(3).We need more realistic officials to handle the economy.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________正确答案：()解析：(4).We are sweeping the ground cigarettes on the street.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：a.(VP sweeping(NP the ground cigarettes(PP on the street)))b.(vp sweeping(NP the ground cigarettes)(pp on the street)))(5).Tom exchanged the money and fell around the corner.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：a.(Vp exchanged the money)and(Vp fell around the corner)b.(VP exchanged the money and fell)(PP around the corner))解析：1.What is Halliday"s idea on the relationship between the functions performed by language and its structures?（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：In Halliday"s point of view, there are three general functions of language: ideational(which is subdivided into experiential and logical), interpersonal and textual. And they are related to the three grammatical systems; transitivity, mood and theme. Specifically, the ideational function is realized as the transitivity system in the clause as a representation of experience, in which there are six processes; material, mental, relational, behavioral, verbal and existential. Actor, the so-called logical subject, is an important participant in the material process. The interpersonal function is realized as the mood system in the clause as an exchange, which is divided into the two major parts of Mood and Reside. And Subject is one of the two parts of Mood, the other part being the finite verbal operator. The textual function is realized as the thematic structure of the clause as a message. The two main constituents here are theme and rheme, the former being the point of departure of the message, or the concern of the clause, while the latter is the part in which the theme is developed.)2.What are deep and surface structures?（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Deep structure is a central theoretical term in generative grammar opposed to surface structure. It is the abstract syntactic representation of a sentence—an underlying level of structural organization which specific all the factors governing the way the sentence should be interpreted. Surface structure is a central theoretical term in generative grammar, opposed to deep structure. It is the final stage in the syntactic representation of a sentence, which provides the input to the phonological component of the grammar, and which thus most closely corresponds to the structure we articulate and hear.)解析：3.In the following three sentences, the particle "up" stays in different positions, i. e. immediately after the verb; in between the noun phrase and the relative clause; and at the end of the sentence. Can you formulate a syntactic rule to explain the position changes of the particle?(1)She stood up the man who offered her a diamond.(2)She stood the man up who offered her a diamond.(3)She stood the man who offered her a diamond up.（南开大学2010研)（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：According to chomsky"s Generative and Functional Grammar, there is an underlying representation for any sentence. Then the underlying form is transformed into the surface form through sometransformational rules. The same underlyilyng form may result in different surface representation by undertaking different operation. Sometimes, the same surface form is likely to be transformed from different deep structure because of various movement. "Stand sb. up" means that sb. fails to show up in a date though he has promised to appear, and let the other wait for him in vain. The underlying form of the above three sentences have the same underlying form, that is " She stood the man up who offered her a diamond". The reason why they finally have the different form is that they have undertaken different operation. Because "up" is an adjunct in the three sentences, it is more convenient to put it since it will not change the property of the sentence. Therefore, finally we get the three kinds of surface forms. Sentence one, "up" is moved upward to the front of the man for the purpose of banlancing the sentence. Sentence two, "up" is moved upwards to the front of the attrubutive clause to the front of the attributive clause in order to achieve coherence. And the last sentence is the underlying form. Consequently, we can say that it is very flexible to position the adjunct in a sentence for various purposes.)解析：4.What is conceptual meaning? Try to distinguish it from any other types of meaning classified by Leech?（北二外2008研) （分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：According to Leech, conceptual meaning refers to the logical, cognitive or denotive content of the meaning of a word. It is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it refers to. Conceptual meaning overlaps to a large extent with the notionof reference. But the term "connotative" is used in daily conversation, refers to some additional, especially emotive, meaning. This type of meaning and the following four types, namely, social meaning, affective meaning , reflected meaning and collocative meaning, are collectively known as associative meaning in the sense that an elementary associationist theory of mental connections is enough to explain their use. The last type, thematic meaning, is more peripheral since it is only determined by the order of the words in a sentence and the different prominence they each receive.)5.Explain the notion of hyponym.（北二外2008研)（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：A term which is subordinate to another in that its extension is contained in the extension of another, e. g. "lion" or "tiger" is a hyponym of "animal".)解析：6.How would you describe the oddness of the following sentences, using semantic features?（浙江大学2004研)(a)The television drank my water.(b)His dog writes poetry.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：(a)The verb drink represents a behavior of the animate beings, therefore, it is required that the subject of this verb should have a semantic feature as(+ ANIMATE), however, the word television, which is in position of subject, has an opposite feature:(- ANIMATE). That"s why such a collocation results in oddness. (b)The action of writing poetry is normally one which only human beings could do,therefore, the subject is required to have a semantic feature as(+ HUMAN); however, the word dog in the subject position is featured as(-HUMAN). Therefore, the sentence is odd.) 解析：What is one obvious presupposition of the speaker who says:（分数：4.00）(1).Where did he buy the beer?（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：One obvious presupposition of the sentence "Where did he buy the beer" should be " He has some beer".)解析：(2).Your watch is broken.（上海交大2006研)（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：One obvious presupposition of the sentence "Your watch is broken" should be "You have a watch".)解析：Tell the sense relation between a and b in each pair:（北二外2007研)（分数：4.00）(1).a. He no longer likes coffee. b. He liked coffee.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：a entails b) 解析：(2).a. Mary is working in China. b. Mary is working in Beijing.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：b presupposes a) 解析：7.In what way is componential analysis similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features?（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：In the light of componential analysis, the meaning of a word consists of a number of distinctive meaning features; the analysis breaks down the meaning of the word into these features, and it is these different features that distinguish word meaning similarly. A phoneme is considered a collection of distinctive sound features;a phoneme can be broken down into these distinctive sound features and it is these sound features that distinguish different sounds.)8.Are utterances, sentences, and propositions the same?（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________正确答案：(正确答案：No. These three terms are used to describe different levels of language. The most concrete is utterance which is created by speaking(or writing)a piece of language. Sentences, on the other hand, are abstract grammatical elements obtained from utterances. For example, an utterance has a tone, or perhaps some accent due to regional or social variation, and phonetic details which identify individual speakers, etc. But at the level of sentence, these kinds of information are ignored. Propositions are the result of a further abstraction of sentences, which are descriptions of states of affairs and which some writers see as a basic element of sentence meaning. For example , the two sentences " Caesar invaded Gaul" and " Gaul was invaded by Caesar" hold the same preposition.)解析：9.Do you think there are true synonyms in English? Why?（厦门大学2010研)（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Synonymy is the technical name for the sameness relation. It is used to mean sameness or close similarity of meaning. Total synonymy is rare. The so-called synonyms are all context dependent. They all differ in one way or another. When you consider the meaning of a word, you need to consider both its denotation and its connotation. The denotation is the primary, literal meaning of a word. The connotation is the suggested or implied meaning of a word. Connotations usually come from experience or associations. Seeing a word used repeatedly in certain contexts gives the word a different color than it gets in the dictionary. There are no real synonyms, because two or more words named synonyms are expected without exception to differ from one another in one of the following aspects: (1)in shade of meaning(finish, complete, close, conclude); (2)in stylistic meaning(father, dad); (3)in emotive(or affective)meaning(smart, crafty); (4)in range of use or collocative meaning(accuse, charge);(5)in British and American English usages(autumn, fall). For example, they may differ in style. In the context "Little T om______a toy bear" , here buy is more appropriate than purchase. Because purchase is more formal than buy.)解析：10.What are the major concerns of pragmatics?（人大2006研)（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Pragmatics is the study of the language in use. It is mainly about how speakers use language appropriately and effectively in accordance with a given context. It is concerned with the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker(or writer)and interpreted by a listener(or reader). It has more to do with participants of communication and context in which communication takes place. Hence the study of speaker meaning, that of contextual meaning, of what is unsaid but communicated.)解析：11.How would you describe this short exchange in terms of the ardors performed by the speakers?(浙江大学2005研)Motorist: My car needs new exhaust system. Mechanic: I"ll be busy with this other car all day.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________正确答案：(正确答案：In the motorist"s utterance, there are two types of speech acts performed, namely representative and directive, and as to the latter one, it is recognized as an indirect speech act, which is performed through the performance of the former one. Thus, by stating that his car needs new exhaust system, the motorist has in fact asked the mechanic to equip a new exhaust system for him. Similarly, in the mechanic"s utterance, there are two types of speech acts performed; one is representative, the other commissive. The commissive speech act in fact is an indirect one since it is recognized through theperformance of representative action. That is to say, by stating that he will be busy with another car all day, the mechanic has in fact told the motorist that he could not repair his car right away.) 解析：12.Conversational implicature is comparable to illocutionary force in speech act theory in that they are both concerned with the contextual side of meaning, or " 言外之意" in Chinese.（中山大学2005研)（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：We may summarize conversational implicature as a type of implied meaning. It could be inferred only by the dependence on the context of the utterance and shared knowledge between the speaker and listener. Illocutionary force, on other hand, refers to speaker"s meaning, contextual meaning , or extra meaning, that is, the meaning the speaker wants to convey in a specific context. By an illocutionary force, we can say "What does he mean by saying that?" In this sense, implica-ture is comparable to illocutionary force in speech act theory in that they are both concerned with the contextual side of meaning, or "言外之意" in Chinese.)解析：13.Decide which maxim of the cooperative principle has been flouted in the following utterances and what implicature can be drawn.（厦门大学2006研)(1)A: Can you tell me the secret? B: But John is there.(2)A: Let"s go to the movies. B: I"ll bring the Kleenex.(3)A: Would you drive a Mercedes? B: I wouldn"t drive ANY expensive car.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：In the exchanges, the maxim of relation has been flouted. As to instance(1), A will assume that if B is cooperative, his reply must be relevant in a different sense: I will not talk about my secret now because I do not want to let John know. In(2), the answer of B seems irrelevant to A"s utterance. By doing so, A will likely derive the implicature that B has accepted his suggestion , and is going to get prepared. In(3), by violating the maxim of relation, B intends to implicate that Mercedes is an expensive car and he would not drive a Mercedes.)解析：。
【精品】北京师范大学网络教育-2017秋季-(高分答案)专科英语(一)作业2
北京师范大学网络教育2017秋季（高分答案）专科英语(一)作业2单选1. Directions：These are 10 incomplete statements here、You are required to complete each statement by choosing the appropriate answer from the 4 choice s marked A)，B)，C) and D).此部分共有10个未完成的句子。
每个句子中未完成的部分有四个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确选项。
The ____ to ensure(确保) a bright future for myself pushed me to study harder.A. crisisB. ideaC. pressureD. thought标准答案：C.pressure2. Directions：There are five questions in this passage、You are required to complete each question by choosing the appropriate answer from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D).此篇短文后有5个问题，每个问题后有4个选项，请你从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案选项。
请点击此链接查看题目What can you conclude from the story?A. The man on the phone was not interested in films.B. The man on the phone was rather clever.C. The man’s wife was fond of films.D. The telephone companies are inefficient sometimes.标准答案：B.The man on the phone was rather clever.3. Directions：These are 10 incomplete statements here、You are required to complete each statement by choosing the appropriate answer from the 4 choice s marked A)，B)，C) and D).此部分共有10个未完成的句子。
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2017北师大英语语言学及应用语言学回忆版真题
一．Contrast and compare, use examples if necessary.
1. Prescription vs description
2. Denotation vs connotation
3. Metaphor vs metonymy
4. Entailment vs presupposition
5. Bilingualism vs diglossia
二．1. Difference between functionalism and formalism.
2. What is arbitrariness? What is iconity? How are they related? What do you think about arbitrariness and iconity?
3. Whar’s the relation between coherence and cohesion of a text?
4. what is ethnographic research? How can ethnographic research be used in research on second language learning and teaching?
5. What is cognitive linguistics? Name three main theories of cognitive linguistics and give examples.
6. What is learning strategy? How could teachers help students develop learning strategies?
7. Negotiation of comprehensible input. What’s its implication on language learning and teaching?
8. How did technology contribute to language learning and teaching?
9.What is course design? How did linguistic theories influence course design?
题目的顺序可能不太对，内容应该是这些，今年的题目和2014年重复的比较多，名词解释除了denotation vs connotation之外都是14年考过的，arbitrariness and iconity也是14年考过的。
基础英语：题型没有变化，第一题是无选项完型填空，20个空；第二题是给段落选标题，6个标题，7个选项，一个是多余的；第三题是段落还原排序，6个段落，7个备选段落，一个是多余的；第三题是阅读理解回答问题，关于bilingual immersion education的；第四题是翻译，关于标点punctuation的；最后一题写作，400字，关于words 和deeds哪个更重要的看法。
日语：第一题是根据假名写汉字，以及根据汉字写假名，都是初级下册里的单词；第二题是单选；第三题是用所给词的正确形式填空；第四题是阅读理解，共三篇，第一篇是问答题，第二篇和第三篇是选择题；第五题是翻译，关于毕业生换工作比较频繁的；最后一题是写作，写你对于日本的了解，300字。
（第二大题和第三大题中有些问题是初级下册所没有的）。