《儿科学》教学大纲

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《儿科学》教学大纲

一、课程简介

儿科学是一门研究小儿生长发育规律、提高小儿身心健康水平和疾病防治质量的医学科学。它的服务对象是体格和智能处于不断生长发育中的小儿,其生理、病理等方面都与成人有所不同,而且具有动态的特点。

儿科学的任务是不断探索儿科医学理论并在实践中总结经验,提高疾病防治水平,降低儿童发病率和死亡率,增强儿童体质,保障儿童健康,提高中华民族的整体素质。

儿科学的范围:凡是涉及小儿时期健康和卫生的问题都属于儿科学的范围。按其工作性质,可分为预防儿科学、发育儿科学和临床儿科学即儿科诊疗学。

由于小儿生长发育过程中有一定的阶段性特点,因此儿科学又发展形成了以年龄划分为特征的新专业,如围产医学、新生儿学以及青春期医学等。

除了在专业上愈分愈细、愈来愈深入以外,实践证明儿童的许多健康问题还需与社会学、教育学、心理学、护理学、流行病学和医学统计学等学科密切合作才能得以解决,因此,今后多学科的协作势在必行。此外要实现保障和促进儿童健康的目的,普及科学知识也是重要的一环。

儿科学的研究和服务对象是小儿。整个小儿阶段一直是处在不断生长发育的过程中,年龄愈小与成人的差别愈大,绝非成人的缩影。因其在解剖、生理生化、病理、免疫、营养代谢、疾病种类、临床表现、诊断过程、治疗方法、预后判断及预防方面均有其特点,因此在实际工作中掌握各个年龄期小儿的特点是非常重要的。

本大纲适用于临床医学专业本科教学。

Pediatrics is a study of growth and development of children and a branch of medical science dealing with prevention and treatment of children’s diseases aiming at improving their physical and mental health. Its most significant characteristic lies in the fact that it deals with the growth and development of the child, comprising all those changes in size and form and in complexity of function that makes up growing, which are all different from adults.

Pediatricians’ task is to constantly explore the theory of pediatrics and summarize experience through practice so as to improve disease control and treatment, decrease children's incidence and mortality cause d by diseases, strengthen children’s physical constitution, and protect children’s well-being so as to improve the all-around development of Chinese people.

The scope of pediatrics covers anything related to children's health and hygiene ranging from birth to adolescence and can be divided into prophylactic pediatrics, developmental pediatrics and clinical pediatrics in accordance with its working focus.

It is also classified into perinatal medicine, neonatology and adolescence medicine through age, according to some phrase characteristics of children's growth and development.

Pediatrics is indepthly classified, apart from which practice also proves that many children's health problems can not be solved without the intensive cooperation with sociology, psychology, nursing, epidemiology and medical statistics; interdisciplinary cooperation is indispensable in this

coming era. And efforts should also be made to publicize science to secure and improve children’s health.

Physicians dealing with children must be aware that pediatrics encompasses a fascinating and almost endless variation in anatomy, physiology, pathology, immunology, nutrition and metabolism, category of disease, clinical manifestation, treatment, prognosis and disease prevention that distinguishes it from other specialties. These differences between children and adults have been summed up in the statement, ‘Children should not simply be compared to miniatures of adults.’ So it is important to comprehend the features of the child in different ages. This syllabus of pediatrics is designed for the undergraduate teaching program for clinical medicine.

二、基本学习内容和教学要求

通过本课程的教学,学生应掌握儿科学的基本理论,并结合外语原版教科书学习相关的专业词汇。按要求程度不同,将学习内容分为三级:第一级为“掌握”,要求对所学内容理解、熟记,并能脱离书本进行简明扼要的口头与书面叙述;第二级为“熟悉”,要求对所学内容理解并记住内容提要;第三级为“了解”,要求对所学内容理解。

三、教学方法

在课程的教学过程中,将通过课堂讲授、CBL(以案例为基础学习)、PBL(以问题为基础学习)、临床见习等多种方式,既要从书本上学习基本知识及其相关的基本概念和基本理论,又要通过图片、基础结合临床,加深对书本知识的理解和记忆,培育对所学基本知识,在系统内和系统之间联系的结合部、基础与临床联系的结合部以及本学科与其他学科联系的结合部,进行综合分析的能力,提高学生的综合素质。

四、建议教材:

《儿科学》第7版,沈晓明主编人民卫生出版社2008年1月(卫生部十一五规划教材、全国高等医药教材建设研究会规划教材,全国高等学校教材,供基础、临床、预防、口腔医学类专业用)

五、参考书目:

1.医学英文原版改编双语教材《儿科学》第1版陈树宝主编科学出版社2006年3月

2.孙锟主编,《小儿儿科学》第四版,人民卫生出版社,2009年

3.NELSON TEXTBOOK of PEDIATRICS ,seventeenth edition

4.沈晓明主译,尼尔森儿科学第17版,北京大学医学出版社

5.胡亚美主编,诸福棠实用儿科学,第7版,人民卫生出版社

七、本大纲的编写基础和适用对象及考核方法

本大纲是在原《儿科学》临床医学专业五年制教学大纲的基础上编写,供五年制临床医学专业用。考核方法是平时成绩占20%,包括见习成绩10%,PBL 10%;期末考试卷面成绩占80%。

八、学时分配

儿科学课程总学时85学时,包括47学时理论课,32学时临床见习,6学时PBL。每

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