【线虫】0.线虫概论
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acre in good farmland • Parasitic infections can
be enormous
Phylum Nematoda
• More species than any other phylum
• More insects have been described
• Every insect studied has at least one nematode parasite
Page 194
线虫概述
( Introduction of the Nematode)
Phylum Nematoda
• Most numerous animals on earth
• 90,000 in 1 rotting apple • 1074 in 6.7 ml of coastal
mud • Estimated 9 billion per
FEMALE nematodes are larger in size. The female reproductive organs are doubled.
• Four juvenile stages (幼年期) which all look similar
• Separated by a molt of the cuticle • Called J1, J2, J3, J4 • Most juvenile stages are free-living • J3 is usually the stage that gets into the definitive
• Live in every habitat
• Free-living in marine, freshwater, terrestrial
• Even between grains of sand on a beach
• Parasitic on almost every animal
• Parasitic on plants
• Intestinal lumen residing nematodes: • Ascaris, Hookworm, Whip worm----the adult parasite inhabit in human intestinal tract • Tissue residing nematodes: • Filaria, Thichinella----the location of the main stages is lymphatic system or tissue
The nematodes
线形动物门
线虫纲 Nematoda
• 似蚓蛔线虫（蛔虫） • 毛首鞭形线虫（鞭虫） • 蠕形住肠线虫（蛲虫） • 十二指肠钩口线虫和美洲板口线虫（钩虫） • 旋毛形线虫（旋毛虫） • 班氏吴策线虫和马来布鲁线虫（丝虫）
Common medical nematodes species
Characteristics of the Phylum Nematoda
Reproductive system consists of tubular organs lying in the pseudocoelom.
MALE nematodes are generally smaller in size.
Page 197
Life Cycle
直接发育型(direct development type)：生活史中不需要中间宿 主，虫卵在外界适宜条件下，发育为感染期虫卵或幼虫，直接侵 入人体。肠道寄生线虫（蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫等），属于土 源性线虫(geo-nematodes)。
间接发育型(indirect development type) ：生活史中需要中间宿 主，幼虫在中间宿主体内发育为感染期后，通过中间宿主经皮或 经口感染人体。组织内寄生线虫（旋毛虫、丝虫），属于生物源 性蠕虫(bio-nematodes)。
M1百度文库
M2
M3
M4
Egg
L1
L2
L3
L4
Adult
Larval stages may be passed within the egg, free-living in soil, parasitic in an intermediate host, or parasitic in definitive host.
host
Nematode development is similar in all nematodes.
Consists of 4 larval (=juvenile) stages between the egg and adult. Each stage is separated by a molt of the cuticle.
线虫主要特点
1.形态 2.成虫圆柱形，两侧对称，线状，不分节 3.雌雄异体。♀大♂小， ♂虫尾端多向体腹面卷曲或膨大。 4.体壁结构： 5.原体腔：在体壁与消化管之间的腔隙，因无体腔膜覆盖，故称为原体
腔（primary coelom） 6.体壁：自外向内由角皮层、皮下层和纵肌层组成 7.内部器官： 8.消化系统简单，有口→咽→中肠→直肠→肛门 9.生殖系统发达，管状结构，雄虫属单管型，雌虫属双管型 10.生活史分为直接发育型和间接发育型 11.基本过程分虫卵、幼虫和成虫三阶段 12.幼虫发育最显著特征是蜕皮（molting），一般蜕皮4次
be enormous
Phylum Nematoda
• More species than any other phylum
• More insects have been described
• Every insect studied has at least one nematode parasite
Page 194
线虫概述
( Introduction of the Nematode)
Phylum Nematoda
• Most numerous animals on earth
• 90,000 in 1 rotting apple • 1074 in 6.7 ml of coastal
mud • Estimated 9 billion per
FEMALE nematodes are larger in size. The female reproductive organs are doubled.
• Four juvenile stages (幼年期) which all look similar
• Separated by a molt of the cuticle • Called J1, J2, J3, J4 • Most juvenile stages are free-living • J3 is usually the stage that gets into the definitive
• Live in every habitat
• Free-living in marine, freshwater, terrestrial
• Even between grains of sand on a beach
• Parasitic on almost every animal
• Parasitic on plants
• Intestinal lumen residing nematodes: • Ascaris, Hookworm, Whip worm----the adult parasite inhabit in human intestinal tract • Tissue residing nematodes: • Filaria, Thichinella----the location of the main stages is lymphatic system or tissue
The nematodes
线形动物门
线虫纲 Nematoda
• 似蚓蛔线虫（蛔虫） • 毛首鞭形线虫（鞭虫） • 蠕形住肠线虫（蛲虫） • 十二指肠钩口线虫和美洲板口线虫（钩虫） • 旋毛形线虫（旋毛虫） • 班氏吴策线虫和马来布鲁线虫（丝虫）
Common medical nematodes species
Characteristics of the Phylum Nematoda
Reproductive system consists of tubular organs lying in the pseudocoelom.
MALE nematodes are generally smaller in size.
Page 197
Life Cycle
直接发育型(direct development type)：生活史中不需要中间宿 主，虫卵在外界适宜条件下，发育为感染期虫卵或幼虫，直接侵 入人体。肠道寄生线虫（蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫等），属于土 源性线虫(geo-nematodes)。
间接发育型(indirect development type) ：生活史中需要中间宿 主，幼虫在中间宿主体内发育为感染期后，通过中间宿主经皮或 经口感染人体。组织内寄生线虫（旋毛虫、丝虫），属于生物源 性蠕虫(bio-nematodes)。
M1百度文库
M2
M3
M4
Egg
L1
L2
L3
L4
Adult
Larval stages may be passed within the egg, free-living in soil, parasitic in an intermediate host, or parasitic in definitive host.
host
Nematode development is similar in all nematodes.
Consists of 4 larval (=juvenile) stages between the egg and adult. Each stage is separated by a molt of the cuticle.
线虫主要特点
1.形态 2.成虫圆柱形，两侧对称，线状，不分节 3.雌雄异体。♀大♂小， ♂虫尾端多向体腹面卷曲或膨大。 4.体壁结构： 5.原体腔：在体壁与消化管之间的腔隙，因无体腔膜覆盖，故称为原体
腔（primary coelom） 6.体壁：自外向内由角皮层、皮下层和纵肌层组成 7.内部器官： 8.消化系统简单，有口→咽→中肠→直肠→肛门 9.生殖系统发达，管状结构，雄虫属单管型，雌虫属双管型 10.生活史分为直接发育型和间接发育型 11.基本过程分虫卵、幼虫和成虫三阶段 12.幼虫发育最显著特征是蜕皮（molting），一般蜕皮4次