发动机翻译
汽车术语的英语翻译 - 发动机部分

3 技术参数与工作过程 发动机排量 压缩比 气缸直径
194
CHMS-020 汽车术语
名称/术语
活塞行程 行程缸径比 标准缸径 气缸数 上止点 下止点 气缸总容积 气缸工作容积 点(发)火次序 燃烧室容积 气门重叠角 进气持续角 排气持续角 凸轮升程 气门升程 气门正时 曲轴主轴承轴径 曲轴主轴承宽度 曲轴主轴承间隙 曲轴轴向间隙 凸轮轴轴承轴颈 连杆轴颈宽度 Piston stroke Stroke-bore ratio Standard cylinder bore Number of cylinders Top dead center Bottom dead center Total cylinder volume Cylinder working volume Firing order Combustion chamber volume Valve overlap Intake duration angle Exhaust duration angle Cam lobe lift Valve lift Valve timing Crankshaft main bearing journal diameter Crankshaft main bearing journal width Crankshaft main bearing clearance Crankshaft end play Crankshaft bearing journal Connecting rod journal width
214
CHMS-020 汽车术语
名称/术语
升功率 额定转速 最大转矩转速 最低稳定工作转速 怠速转速 发动机负荷 全负荷 部分负荷 机油压力 机油容量 机油消耗率 最低燃油消耗率 有效热效率 冷却液容量 空气消耗量 示功图 进气行程 压缩行程 膨胀行程 排气行程 发动机工作循环 扫气 Rated speed Speed at maximum torque Lowest continuous speed with load Idling speed Engine Load Full load Partial load Oil pressure Oil capacity Specific oil consumption Minimum specific fuel consumption Effective thermal efficiency Coolant capacity Air consumption Indicator diagram Intake stroke Compression stroke Expansion stroke Exhaust stroke Engine cycle Scavengine
航空发动机专业英语词汇大全

航空发动机专业英语词汇大全,值得收藏!之袁州冬雪创作2016-01-29 航佳技术飞机维修砖家Part 1Para. 1gas turbine engine燃气涡轮发动机aircraft 飞机,飞行器(单复同形)power plant 发动机,动力装置appreciate 懂得,意思到prior to 在…之前propulsion 推进reaction 反作用jet 喷气, 喷射, 喷气发动机designer 设计师initially 最初,开端时unsuitability 不适应性piston engine 活塞发动机airflow 空气流present 带来, 发生obstacle 障碍Para. 2patent 专利, 获得专利jet propulsionengine 喷气推进发动机athodyd 冲压式喷气发动机heat resistingmaterial 耐热资料develop 研究出,研制出in the secondplace 其次inefficient 效率底的ram jet, ramjet冲压式喷气发动机conception 构想, 设计,概念Para. 3grant 授予propulsive jet 推进喷射turbo-jet engine 涡轮喷气发动机turbojetturbo-propellerengine涡轮螺桨发动机turbopropVickers Viscountaircraft 维克斯子爵式飞机be fitted with 配备term 术语, 称为, 叫做twin-spool engine 双转子发动机triple-spoolengine三转子发动机by-pass engine 双涵道发动机ducted fan 涵道风扇发动机unducted fan (UDF)无涵道风扇发动机propfan 桨扇发动机inevitable 不成防止的, 必定的propeller 螺旋桨basic principle 基来历根基理effect 发生propel 推进solely 单独, 只thrust 推力popularly 普遍地, 一般地pulse jet 脉动式喷气发动机turbo/ram jet 涡轮冲压式喷气发动机turbo-rocket 涡轮火箭accelerate 加速acceleration 加速度apparatus 装置, 机器slipstream 滑流momentum 动量issue 冒出to impart M to N 把M给与Nrevolve 旋转whirl 旋转sprinkler 喷水器mechanism 机构by [in] virtue of 依靠hose 软管afford 提供carnival 狂欢节definitely 确切地, 明白地assume 想象, 以为expel 排出, 驱逐propulsiveefficiency 推进效率Page 3differ 分歧convert 转换thermodynamic 热动力的divergent 分散diverge 分散convergent 收敛converge收敛entry 进气段exit 排气管kinetic energy 动能air intake 空气出口diverging duct 分散管道outlet duct 排气管missile 导弹target vehicle 靶机intermittentcombustion 间断式燃烧aerodynamic 空气动力的involve 具有robust 坚固的, 坚固的inlet valve 进气阀inject 喷入eject 喷出depression 降压, 减压exhaust 排气cycle 循环helicopter rotorpropulsion直升飞机旋翼驱动器dispense with 省去, 无需resonate 共振resonating cycle 共振循环fuel consumption 燃油消耗equal 比得上performance 性能decompose 分解inherent 固有的draw 吸入arrangement 布局simplicity 简单性subsequent 接下来的thermodynamic 热力的Page 7disturbance 扰动blade-tip 叶尖departure from 变节offset 抵消exceed 超出Mach number 马赫数variable intake 可变出口afterburning 加力燃烧variable nozzle 可调喷口conventional 惯例的afterburner 加力燃烧室inoperative 不工作的divert 使转向guide vane 导流叶片duct 管道,用管道输送sustained 持续的cruise 巡航mode 形式multi-stageturbine 多级涡轮derive 得到,取得kerosene, kerosine火油be in the orderof…达到…的量级spray 喷雾fuel-rich mixture 富油混合物dilute 稀释surplus 剩余的interceptor 截击机space-launcher 航天发射器altitude 高度attitude 态度、姿态latitude 纬度longitude 经度accelerative 加速的duration 持续时间Part2working fluid 工作流体conversion 转换jet efflux 喷射气流four-stroke pistonengine 四冲程活塞发动机constant pressure 等压constant volume 等容induction 进气compression 压缩intermittent 间断的be involved in…与…有关charging 进气eliminate 消除idle stroke 空冲程peak 峰, 峰值fluctuate,fluctuating 动摇, 起伏withstand,withstood 承受in excess of 超出employ 采取cylinder 汽缸high octane fuel 高辛烷值燃料low octane fuel 低辛烷值燃料fabricated 装配式的function 运行, 运转introduce,introducing 输入remainder 剩余部分discharge 排出Para.5,6turbine assembly 涡轮部件air-cooled blade 气冷叶片consequently 随之而来的, 因此, 所以embody 体现be embodied in M 体现在M中be directlyproportional to…与…成正比be inversely proportional to…与…成反比trace 描画show up 表示attain 达到, 实现conversely 相反地adiabatic 绝热的friction 磨擦conduction 传导turbulence 紊流propelling nozzle 推力喷管momentum 动量deceleration 减速Page 14effect 实现conversion 转换convert 转换sonic 音速的subsonic 亚音速的supersonic 超音速的encounter 遇到venturi 文氏管interference 干扰component failure 部件失效eddy 涡流turbulence 紊流frontal area 迎面面积straight-throughflow system 直流式系统reverse flowsystem 回流式系统subsequent 接下来的conventionally 惯例地percentage 部分,百分比duct 管道,用管道输送remainder 剩余物deliver 送,流to be conduci ve to…有利于…specific fuelconsumption 燃油消耗率design feature 设计特征by-pass engine 双涵道发动机by-pass ratio 涵道比twin-spoolconfiguration 双转子布局propfan 桨扇发动机turbo-propeller 涡轮螺桨发动机by-pass airstream 外涵道气流overboard 向船外,排出ducted fan 涵道式风扇发动机aft fan 后风扇发动机Part 3centrifugal 离心的axial 轴流的couple 耦合,联接coupling 联轴器coupler联轴器shaft 轴centrifugal (flow)compressor 离心压气机impeller 叶轮diffuser 分散器axial (flow)compressor 轴流压气机multi-stage unit 多级装置alternate 交替的rotor blade转子叶片stator vane 静子叶片diffuse 分散boost 增压booster 增压器with regard to 关于robust 坚固,坚固develop andmanufacture 设计与制造consume 消耗,使用attain 达到air flow 空气流量,空气流adoption 采取favour (Am. E favor) 喜爱,偏爱ruggedness坚固性rugged 坚固的outweigh 胜过,重于Fig. 3-1rotating guidevane 旋转导流叶片intake chute 进气斜道swirl vane 旋流叶片diffuser vane 分散器叶片double-entry impeller双面进气叶轮plenum chamber 稳流室induce 吸入radially 径向地intake duct 进气管initial swirl 预旋divergent nozzle 分散排气管tip speed 叶尖速度maintain 坚持leakage 泄漏clearance 间隙construction 布局center around(about, at, in, on, round, upon)…以…为中心ball bearing 滚珠轴承roller bearing 滚柱轴承split 分开detachment 拆开,分离forged 锻造的radially disposedvanes 径向摆列的叶片in conjunctionwith… 和…共同swept back 后掠attach 联接tangential 相切的inner edge 内缘in line with… 与…一致buffeting impulse 扰流抖振脉冲Para. 13rotor assembly 转子部件airfoilsection 翼型截面mount 装置bearing 轴承incorporate 安有,装有in series 依次地design condition 设计状态incorporation 引入,采取variable statorvane 可调静子叶片succeeding stage下一级Para. 14gradual reduction 逐渐减小annulus 环型stator casing 静子机匣maintain 坚持density 密度convergence 收敛taper,tapering 带斜度,带锥度arrangement 布局Para. 16multi-spoolcompressor 多转子压气机optimum 最佳(的),最优(的)flexibility 适应性,矫捷性Para. 17handle 处理duct 管道,用管道输送exhaust system 排气系统propelling nozzle 推力喷管match 使匹配obsolete 已不必but 除…….之外Para. 18trend 趋势stage 阶段, 级undergo 承受split 分开core 核心gas generator 燃气发生器optimumarrangement 最佳布局Para. 19induce 吸入,引入,引导sweep, swept 扫,猛推adjacent 相邻的translate 翻译,转换decelerate 减速serve 起……作用deflection 偏转straightener 整流器swirl 旋流diagrammatically 图示地accompany 陪同progressive 不竭的,逐渐的Para. 20breakaway 分离stall 失速precede 在……前面Para. 21incidence 攻角tolerate 允许interstagebleed 级间放气intermediatestage 中间级Para. 22proportion 比例 pl. 尺寸, 大小coaxial 同轴的inner radius 内半径supercharge 增压akin 相似的to center around(round, on, upon, about, at, in)…以…为中心alignment 对中, 同心cylindrical 圆筒形的bolted axial joint轴向螺栓联接bolted center linejoint 中心线螺栓联接secure 固定assemble 装配weld 焊接periphery 边沿drum 鼓筒circumferential 周向的fixing 装置, 固定maintainability 维护性blisk 整体叶盘gradient 梯度balance out 抵消twist 扭angle of incidence攻角boundary layer 附面层, 鸿沟层stagnant 滞止的compensate for 抵偿camber 弯度extremity 端部end-bend 端弯retaining ring 坚持环in segments 成组的shroud 叶冠dissimilar 不相似的, 分歧的workable 可用的, 可运转的implement 实现, 执行, 完成retain 坚持impose upon… 强加于…之上depart from 偏离intention 意图positive incidencestall 正攻角失速negative incidencestall 负攻角失速blading 叶栅sustain 承受得住surge 喘振instantaneous 即刻的expel 排出margin 欲度instability 不稳定性Para. 30provision 提供margin 欲度hydraulic 液压的pneumatic 气动的electronic 电子的Para. 31cost effective 成本效益好的prevail 风行,胜利Para. 32rigid 刚性的clearance 间隙alloy 合金nickel based alloy镍基合金titanium 钛in preference to 优先于rigidity todensity ratio 刚度密度比Para. 33prime 主要的fatigue strength 疲劳强度notch 切口,开槽ingestion 吸气inferior 差的decline 下降rub 碰磨ignite 点燃airworthiness 飞行性能hazard 危险Para. 34dominate 起支配作用Para. 35solid forging 实锻件chord 弦mid-span 叶片中部snubber 减振器clapper 点头fabricate 制造skin 蒙皮honeycomb 蜂窝Para. 36robust section 坚固截面ingestioncapability 吸气才能Part4fuel supply nozzle燃油喷嘴extensive 广泛的,大量的accomplish 完成range 范围C---Centigrade orCelsius turbine nozzle涡轮导向器consequent 随之发生的,成果的kerosene, cerosine火油light, lit orlighted 点燃blow, blew,blown 吹alight 燃烧的flame tube 火焰筒liner 衬筒meter, metering 调节配量snout 进气锥体downstream 下游,顺流swirl vane 旋流叶片perforated flare 带孔的喇叭管primary combustionzone 主燃区upstream上游,逆流promote 促进,引起recirculation 环流,回流secondary air hole二股气流孔toroidal vortex 喇叭口形涡流anchor, anchoring 锚,固定hasten 促进,加速droplet 小滴ignitiontemperature 燃点conical 锥形的intersect 相交turbulence 紊流break up, breakingup 分裂,破碎incoming 出去的nozzle guide vane 涡轮导向叶片amount to 占…比例, 达到progressively 逐渐地dilution zone 掺混区remainder 剩余物insulate M from N 使M与N隔离Para.10,11electric spark 电火花igniter plug 点火塞self-sustained 自持的airstream =airflowdistinct =different type injection 喷射,喷入ejection 喷射,喷出atomize 使雾化spray nozzle 喷嘴pre-vaporization 预蒸发vapor 蒸汽vaporize 蒸发vaporizer 蒸发器feed tube 供油管vaporizing tube 蒸发管atomizer flametube装有雾化喷嘴的火焰筒multiple(combustion) chamber 分管燃烧室tubo-annular(combustion) chamber 环管燃烧室cannular(combustion) chamber 环管燃烧室annular(combustion) chamber 环形燃烧室dispose 安插delivery 排气interconnect 互相连通propagate传播bridge a gapbetween填补空缺,使毗连起来evolutionary 发展,演变arrangement 布局overhaul 大修compactness 紧凑性contain 包含,装置be open to 与…相通elimination 消除propagation 传播virtually 实际上oxidize 氧化carbon monoxide 一氧化碳non-toxic 无毒的carbon dioxide 二氧化碳aerate, aerating 吹气,供气over-rich pocket 过富区fuel vapour 燃油蒸汽carbon formation积碳形成incur 招致extinction 熄灭relight 重新点燃perform,performing 完成,执行spray nozzleatomizer 喷嘴雾化器intensity 强度compact 紧凑的exceptionally 格外地,特别地calorific value 热值British thermalunit (BTU)英国热量单位=252卡expenditure 使用,消耗altitude cruise 高空巡航weak limit 贫油极限rich limit 富油极限extinguish 熄灭extinguisher 灭火器dive 俯冲idle, idling 空载,慢速mixture strength 混合物浓度stability loop 稳定区emission 排放物pollutant污染物create 发生,形成legislatively 立法地hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物oxides of nitrogen氧化氮suppression 抑制desirable 合乎需要的conflict 冲突compromise 折中combustor 燃烧室substantially 实际上coating 涂层insulation 隔热,隔离corrosion 腐蚀creep failure 蠕变失效fatigue 疲劳Part5accessory,accessories 附件solely = onlyextract,extracting 提取to expose M to N 使M吐露于NM is exposed to Ntorque 扭矩intermediate 中间的interpose 置于…之间to be derivedfrom… 从…获得, 取自free-power turbine自由动力涡轮to be independentof…不受…的限制mean 平均的deflection 偏转in proportion to 按比例sectionalthickness 截面厚度disproportionately不相称地broadly 主要地aerofoil shape 翼型形状impulse turbine 冲击式涡轮reaction turbine 反作用式涡轮incorporate 采取cartridge starter 弹药筒式起动机air starter 空气起动机to force one’s wayinto 有力地冲入spin 旋转whirl 旋转to be governed by 取决于, 由…决议substantially 实际上, 大体上excessive 过分的residual 剩余的,剩余detrimental =harmfulstrut 支柱, 支杆twist, twisted 带扭向的stagger angle 斜罩角mean section 中间截面self-aligningcoupling 自动调节联轴器machined forging 机加锻件flange 法兰,装置边bolt 螺栓,用螺栓联合perimeter 周边,圆周to have provisionfor…为…作好准备attachment 联接, 装置heat conduction 热传导degree of reaction反力度Para.18fix 确定, 决议,trailing edge 排气边so as to (do) 为了prevent M (from)+ingattach联接, 装置fixing 联接have a bearing on …对…有影响rim speed 轮缘速度de Laval bulb root圆头叶根supersede 代替, 取代fir-tree fixing 纵树榫头联接involve 需要, 要求serration 榫齿stiffen 加劲, 固牢contraction 收缩shroud 叶冠fit 配备, 装置segment 部分, 片peripheral 外围的, 周边的abradable lining 易磨涂层A.C.C. ---activeclearance controlshroudless blade 无冠叶片revolve 旋转extract 提取conventional 惯例的impractical 不实际的dual alloy disc 双金属轮盘blisk 整体叶轮cast 铸造bond 粘接match 匹配nozzle guide vane 涡轮导向叶片back pressure 反压surge 喘振choke 壅塞,阻塞obstacle 障碍impart to…给与tensile stress 拉应力limiting factor 限制因素endure 承受nickel alloy 镍合金ceramic coating 陶瓷涂层enhance 增强resistance 抵抗,耐fatigue cracking 疲劳破坏ferritic 铁素体terrific 恐怖的,极妙的austenitic 奥氏体alloying element 合金元素extend 延长fatigue resistance抗疲劳性powder metallurgy 粉末冶金in connection with关于,与…有关glowing red-hot 赤热发光ounce 盎施=28.35 gbending load 弯曲载荷thermal shock 热冲击corrosion 腐蚀oxidization 氧化foregoing 前面的, 上述的it follows that 因此, 可见permissible 允许的metallurgist 冶金学家creep 蠕变finite useful life有限使用寿命failure 失效forge 锻造forging 锻件cast 铸造creep property 蠕变性能fatigue property 疲劳性能reveal 揭露, 显示a myriad of 无数crystal 晶体equi-axed 等轴的service life 使用寿命directionalsolidification 定向凝结useful creep life 有效蠕变寿命single crystalblade 单晶叶片substantially 实质上, 显著地reinforced ceramic加固陶瓷balancing 平衡operation 工序in view of 思索到Part 6aero 航空的pass 排送resultant thrust 合成推力,总推力create 引起,发生contribute 提供absorb 吸收exe rt an influenceon…对…发生影响jet pipe 尾喷管propelling nozzle 推力喷管outlet nozzle 出口喷管distortion 歪曲, 变形cracking 发生裂纹thrust reverser 推力反向装置noise suppressor 消音器entail 需要, 要求low by-pass engine低涵道比发动机mixer unit 掺混装置encourage 促进exhaust cone 排气锥hold 坚持residual whirl 剩余旋流strut 支板straighten 整流in relation to…对…来讲choked 壅塞, 阻塞upstream totalpressure 上游总压pressure thrust 压力推力momentum 动量wastage 损失, 消耗with advantage 有效地convergent-divergentnozzle 收扩喷管recover 重新获得flared 扩大的restriction 限制progressively 逐渐地longitudinal 纵向的fixed area nozzle 固定面积喷口variable areanozzle 可变面积喷口offset 抵消nickel 镍titanium 钛ventilate,ventilating 通风lag, lagging 用隔热资料呵护insulating blanket隔热层fibrous 纤维状的stainless steel 不锈钢dimple 使起波纹acousticallyabsorbent material 吸声资料double-wallconstruction 双壁布局induce 引导ejector action 喷射器作用engine nacelle 发动机短舱streamline fairing流线型整流板vent hole 通气孔chute 斜道bonded honeycombstructure 粘接的蜂窝布局integrated nozzleassembly 整体喷管部件lightweightstrength 低重强度。
发动机Enginemotor是一...

离合器B添加义项离合器,香港俗称极力子,这是从英语Clutch而来,台湾话则常以离仔或日文的クラッチ称之,是把汽车或其他动力机械的引擎动力以开关的方式传递至车轴上的装置。
基本信息中文名称离合器外文名称Clutch位置发动机和变速箱之间的飞轮壳内本质汽车部件作用切断或传递发动机输出的动力分类电磁离合器、磁粉离合等定义离合器安装在离合器的原理对于手动挡的车型而言,离合器是汽车动力系统的重要部件,它担负着将动力与发动机之间进行切断与连接的工作。
在城市道路或者复杂路段驾驶时,离合器成了我们使用最频繁的部件之一,而离合器运用的好坏,直接体现了驾驶水平的高低,也起到了保护车辆的效果。
如何正确使用离合器,掌握离合器的原理以在特殊情况下利用离合器来解决问题,是每个驾驶手动挡车型的车友都应该掌握的。
所谓离合器,顾名思义就是说利用“离”与“合”来传递适量的动力。
离合器由摩擦片、弹簧片、压盘以及动力输出轴组成,它位于发动机与变速箱之间,用来将发动机飞轮上储存的力矩传递给变速箱,以保证车辆在不同的行驶状况下传递给驱动轮适量的驱动力和扭矩,属于动力总成的范畴。
在半联动的时候,离合器的动力输入端与动力输出端允许有转速差,也就是通过其转速差来实现传递适量的动力。
离合器分为三个工作状态,即踩下离合器的不连动,不踩下离合器的全连动,以及部分踩下离合器的半连动。
当车辆起步时,司机踩下离合器,离合器踏板的运动拉动压盘向后靠,也就是压盘与摩擦片分离,此时压盘与飞轮完全不接触,也就不存在相对摩擦。
当车辆在正常行驶时,压盘是紧紧挤靠在飞轮的摩擦片上的,此时压盘与摩擦片之间的摩擦力最大,输入轴和输出轴之间保持相对静摩擦,二者转速相同。
最后一种是离合器的半连动状态,压盘与摩擦片的摩擦力小于全连动状态。
此时,离合器压盘与飞轮上的摩擦片之间是滑动摩擦状态,飞轮的转速大于输出轴的转速,从飞轮传输出来的动力部分传递给变速箱。
这种状态下,发动机与驱动轮之间相当于一种软连接状态。
发动机英文翻译

“中南林业科技大学”热能与动力工程专业“不落的星尘”全力打造,华丽的一个金币,传说中的物美价廉发动机英文翻译、内燃机英文翻译、汽车英文翻译、热动英文翻译由于上传失败,现将两幅插图放在另一个文档中期待各位的指正,谢谢!……………………………………………………………………………………………………分割线…………割了烦恼…………毕业愉快…………工作愉快………………………………………………………………………………………………(本文来自《汽车专业英语》/陈勇、边明远主编)The Engine’s Sy stemThe engine is an important part of the automobile; it acts as the heart of a person, which provides the power that the cars need to run on the road. All the automotive engines today are the Internal Combustion Engines ( ICEs ) because the fuel is burnt inside their cylinders and the energy is provided.ICEs are those heat engines that burn their fuel inside the engine cylinder. In ICEs, the chemical energy stored in their fuel converted into heat energy during the burning part of their operation. The heat energy is converted into mechanical energy by the expansion of gases against the piston attached to crankshaft that can rotate. The engines that burn petrol are known as petrol engine. Other types of ICEs burn heavier oils, of these types the diesel engine has come into the widest use.Diesel and petrol engines have the same mechanical parts, except that diesel components are generally stronger and heavier. Both engines are internal combustion engines, but they have different fuel system and use different fuels. With a diesel, only air enters the cylinder during the intake stroke. A petrol engine takes in an air-fuel mixture. Following are some general comparisons between diesel and petrol engines: In a diesel, the fuel is injected into the cylinder as a fine spray near the top of the compression stroke. With a petrol engine, the fuel is injected into the exhaust ports at the start of the induction stroke.Ignition in a diesel is by the high temperature from the highly compressed air. A petrol engine needs a spark for ignition.Diesel engines generally operate at lower engine rpm than petrol engines.Diesel engines use distillate for fuel, which is less volatile than petrol.The design of diesel engines makes them noisier than petrol engines and they have a unique diesel knock.Small diesel engines, as well as petrol engines, are used in passenger cars and light commercial vehicles. Larger diesel engines are used in all heavy commercial vehicles, earthmoving equipment, and farm machinery.1.Engine ConfigurationsThe term engine configuration refers to the way that the cylinders of an engine are arranged. The cylinders can be in-line, or at an angle ( V-type ). Within these three basic arrangements, there are a number of variations.In-line engineWith in-line engines, the cylinders are arranged in a straight line, one behind the other. Most in-line engines have their cylinders vertical, but some are slanted. That is, the engine is tilted at an angle to reduce the overall height. These engines are sometimes referred to as slanted engines.Some in-line engines have their cylinders horizontal, so that the engine is more or less on its side. This reduces the overall height of the engine. This arrangement is <插图位置>used mainly in larger commercial vehicles with the engine mounted under part of the cab. The mechanical arrangement of a four-cylinder in-line for a passenger car is shown in Fig.1-9. The cut-away view in Fig.1-10 enables the various parts to be identified.Horizontally opposed engineThis arrangement has its cylinders arranged in two flat blanks with the crankshaft between them. The engine shown has a short rigid crankshaft with five bearings. A horizontally opposed engine has even firing impulses and good balance. Movement of a piston in direction is opposed by movement of a piston in the opposite direction.Horizontally opposed engines, with their flat design, give the engine a low height and also help to keep the center of gravity of the vehicle low. A low center of gravity gives the vehicle stability.V-type enginesWith V-type engines, the cylinders are arranged in two blanks at an angle. This reduces the length of the engine and makes it more compact. This also reduces the length of the crankshaft, which can be designed to be more rigid than a long shaft. 2.The Engine Assembly and ComponentsThe complete engine assembly consists of the mechanical components that make up the engine itself and also a number of associated systems. These are the systems that are needed to start the engine and also to control it and keep it running. The mechanical parts of the engine assembly can be broken down into a number of sub-assemblies, or groups of associated components, although these are usually referred to merely as assemblies, for example, cylinder-head assembly and piston assembly. Some parts of an engine are internal, other parts are external, this illustration identifies a number of external parts.The various components of an engine are assembled together during manufactured and most of these are secured by means of bolts, nuts and other types of fasteners. Some parts are internal and others are attached to the outside of the engine.The cylinder block is the largest part of engine. The other parts are either fitted into the block or attached to it. As its name suggests, it is basically a block of castmetal, usually cast iron, but it can be aluminum alloy with cast iron or steel liners. Aluminum is used to reduce the weight.The cylinder block has accurately bored cylinders to take the pistons. The lower part of the block is known as the crankcase and this has bearings that carry the crankshaft. The water-jackets that surround the cylinders are filled with coolant.The top of the cylinder block has a machined surface for the cylinder head and the bottom of the cylinder block is machined to provide a mounting for the oil pan, or sump.The cylinders can be arranged in the block so that they are in line, as shown, or they can be set at angle ( V-type engine ).The crankshaft is mounted in bearings in the lower part of the cylinder block ( the crankcase ). The connecting rods connect the pistons to the crankshaft, which is rotated by the power strokes of the pistons when the engine is running. The up-and-down, or reciprocating, motion of the pistons is changed to rotary motion by the combination action of the connecting rods and the cranks of the crankshaft.The term crankshaft comes from the word cranked, which also means bent. It is a shaft with a number of cranks or bends. With in-line engines, there a crank for each cylinder, but with some V-type engines, there is only one crank for each pair of cylinders.The flywheel is a heavy cast iron wheel attached to the rear of the crankshaft. It reduces engine vibrations by smoothing out the power impulses of the pistons. The flywheel absorbs energy during the power stroke and gives up energy during the other strokes and this helps to keep the engine running smoothly. A ring gear fitted to the rim of the flywheel so that the engine can be rotated by the starter pinion when starting the engine. With automatic transmissions, a drive plate and torque converter take the place of the flywheel and perform the same functions as a flywheel, as far as the running of the engine is concerned.The piston has grooves that carry the piston rings and these provide a seal between the piston and the cylinder wall. Compression rings are used as a gas seal and the oil ring is used to prevent excess oil from finding its way up past the piston into the combustion chamber.The connecting rod has a removable cap and a split bearing at its lower end where it is connected to the crankshaft. Its upper has a piston pin that provides a wrist-type of action with the piston. Because of its action, the piston pin is sometimes referred to as a wrist pin.The cylinder head is made of cast aluminum alloy. It is bolted to the top of the cylinder block so that it encloses the cylinders. It has combustion chambers above the cylinders in which the air-fuel mixture is burnt. Cylinder heads can be made of cast iron, which is more resistant to corrosion, but aluminum alloy is used for petrol engines because it has advantages of better heat transfer and lighter weight. The cylinder head has intake ports and exhaust ports. The intake valves open the intake ports to admit the fuel charge into the cylinder during the intake stroke. The exhaust valves open the exhaust ports to allow the burnt gases to leave the cylinder following the exhaust stroke.The camshaft and the valve mechanism are used to open and close the valves at the correct time. The camshaft is driven from the crankshaft at half the crankshaft speed.The valve cover, also called the cylinder-head cover, is fitted to the top of the cylinder head. This encloses the valve mechanism. An additional cover on top of the engine covers the ignition coils.This cylinder-head arrangement, for a four-cylinder engine, has two camshafts and sixteen valves. Other four-cylinder engines can have two camshafts and twelve valves, or one camshaft and eight valves.The timing belt and pulleys drive the camshaft at half the crankshaft speed ( engine speed ). A toothed drive belt is often used, but gears and chains are also used-in some instances a belt and chain are both used.On some engines, the timing chain is used to drive the oil pump. On diesel engines, a timing chain or a timing gear is used to drive the injection pump as well as the camshaft.The oil pan, or sump, holds the oil for the engine lubricating system. The oil pan is made of steel that has been pressed to shape. Other oil pans are made of aluminum alloy that has been cast to shape.The oil pan is bolted to the underside of the engine so that it closes off the crankcase. Only the ends of the crankshaft that extend beyond the cylinder block are exposed.Various forms of gaskets and seals are used between the surfaces where the parts are bolted together. Some of these are used to seal against oil, some against coolant and some against heat and pressure. Some provide a seal on flat surfaces, other seal against rotating shafts.As well as the larger parts of an engine, there are numerous small parts. These include bolts, washers, retainers, spring and brackets which go to make up the mechanical components of the engine.3.Engine SystemsThe engine systems that enable the engine to start and to continue to operate are as follows:(1)Starting system;(2)Fuel system;(3)Ignition system;(4)Cooling system;(5)Lubricating system;(6)Intake system;(7)Exhaust system;(8)Charging system;(9)Engine’s electronic control system.These are the systems for petrol engines. Diesel engines have similar systems except for the fuel and ignition systems. Some parts of the systems are built into theengine, some parts are attached to the engine and other parts are located on the body panels in the engine compartment.Starting systemThe starter is used to rotate the engine during starting. It consists of an electric motor and a drive. The drive has a small pinion that meshes with the ring gear on the flywheel during starting. The battery supplies the electrical energy to operate the starter and rotate the engine until it fires and runs on its own.Fuel systemThese are four basic types of fuel systems: carburetor systems for petrol engines, fuel injection systems for petrol engines, gas fuel systems ( LPG or NGV ), and diesel injection systems. All these systems operate in different ways, but they all have somewhere to store fuel ( a fuel tank or a cylinder ) and a way of supplying the engine with the fuel. They also have a way of supplying air and fuel mixed in the correct proportion so that it can be effectively burn in the combustion chambers.Ignition systemPetrol engines and engines operating on gas require an ignition system. This is needed to provide the sparks that fire the charges in the combustion chambers. For this reason, petrol engines are sometimes referred to as spark-ignition engines. This distinguishes them from them diesel engines that do not need a spark because they use compression ignition.Combustion in a diesel occurs when the fuel is sprayed into the combustion chamber. The air in the cylinder is at high temperature from being compressed-high enough to ignite the fuel that is sprayed from the injector.Cooling systemA considerable amount of heat is produced in an engine by the burning air-fuel mixture. Some of the heat is used to do useful work, some is transferred to other parts of the engine and some is carried away with exhaust gases. However, there is still enough heat to cause damage unless it is removed. This is still the function of the cooling system, which removes about one-third of the heat that is produced.The cooling system does not just remove heat; it maintains the engine at a desirable operating temperature. In a liquid-cooled engine, this is done by circulating coolant through the water-jackets. In an air-cooled engine, cooling is by air over cooling fins.Lubricating systemThe engine-lubricating system consists of an oil pump, a relief valve and a filter; also pipes, passages and drillings in various parts of engine through which the oil can flow. A quantity of oil is held in the oil pan. From this, oil is taken by the oil pump and circulated throughout the engine before returning to the oil pan. The oil lubricates all the moving parts and this is not only reduces friction, but it prevents wear anddamage. The oil pump is driven directly by the crankshaft. This system has an oil cooler, located at the filter mounting under the filter.Intake systemIn petrol engine with electronic fuel injection, the intake system includes the air cleaner, the throttle valve assembly and the intake manifold. The intake system provides clean air and carries it into the engine through the intake manifold. Nozzles of the fuel injectors spray fuel into the air passing from the intake manifold into the intake ports.With carburetor fuel systems, a mixture of air and fuel is carried from the carburetor, through the intake manifold and into the engine through the intake ports.For engines that operate on gas, a mixture of air and gas is carried into the engine by the intake manifold.In petrol engines with fuel injection, and in diesel engines, clean air only is provided by the intake system.Exhaust systemThe exhaust system carries the burnt gases away from the engine and also reduces noise. The system consists of the exhaust manifold, exhaust pipes, a catalytic converter and a muffler. Arrangements vary with different engines, there may be more than one muffler and more than one catalytic converter. Engines that run on Lead Replacement Petrol ( LRP ) do not have a catalytic converter, neither do diesel engines.Charging systemThe alternator, which is driven by the engine, converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.The battery supplies energy for the starter, the ignition system and electric fuel pump during the starting period ( petrol engine ), but once the engine is running, the alternator supplies all the electrical energy. It also recharges the battery to replace the energy used during starting.Engine’s electronic control systemThe engine’s electronic control system consists of sensors, a control unit and actuators. The control unit receives signals from the sensors and then sends signals to various actuators.There are sensors on the engine, in the intake system and in the exhaust system. The injectors are actuators that adjust the spray of fuel. There are also actuators in the ignition system that advance and retard the spark. These are just two examples of where electronic control is used.4.Engine OperationDuring the downward motion of the piston, the air-fuel mixture is sucked fromthe carburetor into the cylinder. During the upward motion the mixture is compressed by the piston in the cylinder and ignited by an electric spark. When the mixture is burned in the cylinder, the resulting heat causes the gases to expand which exert pressure on the cylinder walls and on the piston. The piston, being movable, is pushed downward by this pressure to the full length of its stroke.The pressure exerted on the piston is transmitted through the connecting rod to the crankshaft that is made to revolve. The crankshaft turns through one-half of a revolution as the piston moves downward. A flywheel attached to the crankshaft stores up energy. The momentum of the flywheel carries the piston through the balance of its motion until it receives another power impulse. The process is repeated over and over again, the crankshaft is turning continuously and the engine is running.The events that are repeated make up the cycle of the engine. The number of stokes of the piston required to complete the cycle varies with the type of engine. In modern vehicles, the cycle is extended through four stroke of the piston or two revolutions of the crankshaft. This is called a four-stroke cycle engine. In two stroke cycle engines, the cycle is completed in two strokes of the piston or one revolution of the crankshaft.In the four-stroke cycle engine, the four strokes are named suction, compression, power, and exhaust in accordance with the operation of the cycle which occur during each particular stroke.Suction stroke: during suction stroke, the piston is moved downward by the crankshaft, which is revolved either by the momentum of the flywheel or by the power generated by the electric starting motor. The inlet valve remains open and the exhaust valve is closed during this stroke. The downward movement of the piston sucks air-fuel mixture in the cylinder from the carburetor through the open inlet valve. Here the fuel is petrol mixed with air, broken up into a mist, and partially vaporized in the carburetor.Compression stroke: during compression stroke, the piston moves upward, thus compressing the charge. Ignition and much of the compression also take place during this stroke. The heat produced by the compression makes more homogeneous mixture of air and petrol inside the cylinder. The heat makes the petrol easier to burn, while the compression forces it into closer combination with the air. The mixture, under compression, is ignited by the spark produced by a spark plug, and the combustion is over half-completed when the piston is at Top Dead-Centre ( TDC ). Both the inlet and exhaust valves remain closed during the compression stroke.Working, power or expansion stroke: the expansion of the gases due to the heat of combustion exerts a pressure on the cylinder and piston. Under this impulse the piston moves downward thus doing useful work. Both the valves remain closed during this stroke.Exhaust stroke: during this stroke, the inlet valve remains closed and the exhaust valve opens. The greater part of the burnt gases escapes because of their own expansion. The piston moves upward and pushes the remaining gases out of the open exhaust valve. Only a small quantity of exhaust gases remains in the clearance space which will dilute the fresh incoming charge.Thus, in this type of engine, four strokes of the piston are required to complete the cycle, and the four strokes make two revolutions of the crankshaft. The operations are repeated over and over again in running the engine.发动机的组成发动机是汽车的重要组成部分,它为汽车提供行驶的动力,对汽车而言它就像心脏对人一样重要。
汽车发动机外文文献翻译中英文参考

汽车发动机外文文献翻译(含:英文原文及中文译文)文献出处:Talom M. AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2013, 2(3):39-45.英文原文AUTOMOTIVE ENGINETalom M1 Engine Classification and Overall MechanicsThe automobile engines can be classified according to: (1) cycles, (2) cooling system, (3) fuel system, (4) ignition method, (5) valve arrangement, (6) cylinder arrangement, (7) engine speed.Engines used in automobiles are the internal combustion heat engines. The burning of gasoline inside the engine produces high pressure in the engine combustion chamber. This high pressure force piston to move, the movement is carried by connecting rods to the engine crankshaft. The crankshaft is thus made to rotate: the rotary motion is carried through the power train to the car wheels so that they rotate and the car moves.The engine requires four basic systems to run (Fig. 2-1). Diesel engines require three of these systems. They are fuel system, ignition system (except diesel), lubricating system andcooling system. However, three other related systems are also necessary. These are the exhaust system, the emission-control system, and the starting system. Each performs a basic job in making the engine run.2 Engine Operating PrinciplesThe term “stroke” is used to describe the movem ent of the piston within the cylinder. The movement of the piston from its uppermost position (TDC, top dead center) to its lowest position (BDC, bottom dead center) is called a stroke. The operating cycle may require either two or four strokes to complete. Most automobile engines operate on the four stroke cycle.In four-stroke engine, four strokes of the piston in the cylinder are required to complete one full operating cycle. Each stroke is named after the action. It performs intake, compression, power, and exhaust in that order.The intake strokeThe intake stroke begins with the piston near the top of its travel. As the piston begins its descent, the exhaust valve closes fully, the intake valve opens and the volume of the combustion chamber begins to increase, creating a vacuum. As the piston descends, an air/fuel mixture is drawn from the carburetor into the cylinder through the intake manifold. The intake stroke endswith the intake valve close just after the piston has begun its upstroke.Compression strokeAs the piston is moved up by the crankshaft from BDC, the intake valve closes. The air/fuel mixture is trapped in the cylinder above the piston. Future piston travel compresses the air/fuel mixture to approximately one-eighth of its original volume (approximately 8:1 compression ratio) when the piston has reached TDC. This completes the compression stroke. Power strokeAs the piston reaches TDC on the compression stroke, an electric spark is produced at the spark plug. The ignition system delivers a high-voltage surge of electricity to the spark plug to produce the spark. The spark ignites, or sets fire to, the air/fuel mixture. It now begins to burn very rapidly, and the cylinder pressure increases to as much as 3-5MPa or even more. This terrific push against the piston forces it downward, and a powerful impulse is transmitted through the connecting rod to the crankpin on the crankshaft. The crankshaft is rotated as the piston is pushed down by the pressure above it.Exhaust strokeAt the end of the power stroke the camshaft opens theexhaust valve, and the exhaust stroke begins. Remaining pressure in the cylinder, and upward movement of the piston, force the exhaust gases out of the cylinder. At the end of the exhaust stroke, the exhaust valve closes and the intake valve opens, repeating the entire cycle of events over and over again.3 Engine Block and Cylinder HeadEngine BlockThe engine block is the basic frame of the engine. All other engine parts either fit inside it or fasten to it. It holds the cylinders, water jackets and oil galleries (Fig. 2-4). The engine block also holds the crankshaft, which fastens to the bottom of the block. The camshaft also fits in the block, except on overhead-cam engines. In most cars, this block is made of gray iron, or an alloy (mixture) of gray iron and other metals, such as nickel or chromium. Engine blocks are castings.Some engine blocks, especially those in smaller cars, are made of cast aluminum. This metal is much lighter than iron. However, iron wears better than aluminum. Therefore, the cylinders in most aluminum engines are lined with iron or steel sleeves. These sleeves are called cylinder sleeves. Some engine blocks are made entirely of aluminum.Cylinder SleevesCylinder sleeves are used in engine blocks to provide a hard wearing material for pistons and piston rings. The block can be made of one kind of iron that is light and easy to cast while the sleeves uses another that is better able to stand up wear and tear.There are two main types of sleeves: dry and wet (Fig. 2-5).Dry sleeve Wet sleeveCylinder HeadThe cylinder head fastens to the top of the block, just as a roof fits over a house. The underside forms the combustion chamber with the top of the piston. In-line engine of light vehicles have just one cylinder head for all cylinders; larger in-line engines can have two or more. Just as with engine blocks, cylinder heads can be made of cast iron or aluminum alloy. The cylinder head carries the valves, valve springs and the rockers on the rocker shaft, this part of valve gear being worked by the pushrods. Sometimes the camshaft is fitted directly into the cylinder head and operates on the valves without rockers. This is called an overhead camshaft arrangement.GasketThe cylinder head is attached to the block with high-tensile steel studs. The joint between the block and the head must begas-tight so that none of the burning mixture can escape. This is achieved by using cylinder head gasket. Gaskets are also used to seal joins between the other parts, such as between the oil pan, manifolds, or water pump and the blocks.Oil PanThe oil pan is usually formed of pressed steel. The oil pan and the lower part of cylinder block together are called the crankcase; they enclose, or encase, the crankshaft. The oil pump in the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan and sends it to all working parts in the engine. The oil drains off and run down into the pan. Thus, there is a constant circulation of oil between the pan and the working parts of the engine.4 Piston Assembly, piston rings, The piston pin ,Connecting Rods, Crankshafts And FlywheelPistonPiston rings and the piston pin are together called the piston assembly.The piston is an important part of a four-stroke cycle engine. Most pistons are made from cast aluminum. The piston, through the connecting rod, transfers to the crankshaft the force created by the burning fuel mixture. This force turns the crankshaft.To withstand the heat of the combustion chamber, the piston must be strong. It also must be light, since it travels at high speeds as it moves up and down inside the cylinder. The piston is hollow. It is thick at the top where it takes the brunt of the heat and the expansion force. It is thin at the bottom, where there is less heat. The top part of the piston is the head, or crown. The thin part is the skirt. Most pistons have three ring grooves at the top. The sections between the ring grooves are called ring lands.piston ringsPiston rings fit into ring grooves near the top of the piston. In simplest terms, piston rings are thin, circular pieces of metal that fit into grooves in the tops of the pistons. In modern engines, each piston has three rings. (Piston in older engines sometimes had four rings, or even five.) The inside surface of the ring fits in the groove on the piston. The ring's outside surface presses against the cylinder walls. Rings provide the needed seal between the piston and the cylinder walls. That is, only the rings contact the cylinder walls. The top two rings are to keep the gases in the cylinder and are called compression rings. The lower one prevents the oil splashed onto the cylinder bore fro m entering the combustion chamber, and is called an oil ring.The piston pinThe piston pin holds together the piston and the connecting rod. This pin fits into th e piston pin holes and into a hole in the top end of the connecting rod. The top end of t he rod is much smaller than the end that fits on the crankshaft. This small end fits inside the bottom of the piston. The piston pin fits through one side of the piston, through the small end of the rod, and then through the other side of the piston. It holds the rod firmly in place in the center of the piston. Pins are made of high-strength steel and have a hollow center. Many pins are chrome-plated to help them wear better. A piston pin fits into a round hole in the piston. The piston pin joins the piston to the connecting rod. The thick part of the piston that holds the piston pin is the pin boss. Connecting RodsThe connecting rod little end is connected to the piston pin.A bush made from a soft metal, such as bronze, is used for this joint. The lower end of the connecting rod f its the crankshaft journal. This is called the big end. For this big-end bearing, steel-backed lead or tin shell bearings are used. These are the same as those used for the main bearings. The split of the big end is sometimes at an angle, so that it is small enough t o be withdrawn through the cylinder bore. The connecting rod ismade from forged alloy steel.CrankshaftsThe crankshaft is regarded as the “backbone” of the engine (Fig. 2-7). The crankshaft, in conjunction with the connecting rod, converts the reciprocating motion of the piston to the rotary motion needed to drive the vehicle. It is usually made from car-bon steel which is alloyed with a small proportion of nickel. The main bearing journals fit into the cylinder block and the big end journals align with the connecting rods. At the rear end of the crankshaft is attached the flywheel, and at the front end are the driving wheels for the timing gears, fan, cooling water and alternator. The throw of the crankshaft, . the distance between the main journal and the big end centers, controls the length of the stroke. The stroke is double the throw, and the stroke length is the distance that the piston travels from TDC to BDC and vice versa.中文译文汽车发动机Talom M1发动机分类和一般力学(1)循环,(2)冷却系统,(3)燃料系统,(4)点火方法,(5)阀门布置,(6)气缸布置,(7)发动机速度。
汽车专业英语词汇

变速器输入轴 transmission input shaft
变速齿轮比 (变速比)
换档 操纵杆 直接驱动
低速档
经济档
transmission gear ratio
Shift control lever direct drive bottom gear (low speed
gear) economic gear
多种燃料发动 机
多气缸发动机
multifuel engine multiple cylinder engine
汽油喷射式汽油 机
压燃式发动机
化油器式发动机 转子发动机 四冲程发动机 增压式发动机 油冷式发动机
自然进气式发动 机
双燃料发动机 直列式发动机
英语翻译 bumper re-doing
interchangeability
dry cylinder liner
water jacket piston
piston skirt piston ring connecting rod one-piece crankshaft
crank valve gear
cam transmission output
shaft
gear ratio
cover radial ply tyre
crown steering system steering wheel power steering braking system
Secondary (emergency) braking
system total braking distance
braking work
full- floating axle shaft suspension independent
汽车专业英语词汇翻译(E-G)
汽车专业英语词汇翻译(E-G)ece regulation ece法规eddy-current type 电涡流式efe heater 进气加热器effective height 有效高度effective weighted factor 有效加权系数effective width 有效宽度electrical 汽车电器electrical system 电器系electromagnetic compatibility 电磁兼容性embossment 凸字emergency brake 紧急制动器emergency exit 紧急出口emergency motor vehicles 应急用车emergency signals 应急信号用具emergency stop indication devices 紧急停车表示用具emergency valve 应急阀emission control device 排放物控制装置end clearance 轴向间隙enforcement procedure 实施规程enforcement regulation 实施规则engine 发动机,引擎engine and power train system 发动机及动力传动系engine assy. 发动机总成engine displacement 发动机排量engine hood 发动机罩engine intake manifold 发动机进气歧管engine load 发动机负荷engine oil 发动机润滑油engine oil capacity 发动机机油容量engine outside diagram 发动机外形图engine revolution speed 发动机转速engine type 发动机型号engineering and safety department 技术安全部entrance step 入口台阶entry item 填写项目entry value 填入值eqalizer 平衡架equivalent inertia weight 当量惯性重量escort vehicle 护卫车european economic community command 欧洲经济共同体指令examination 审查examination affair 审查事务exception to application 不适用条款excrement 排泄物exhaust 排水管exhaust duration 排气持续角exhaust emission 排气排放物exhaust emission control device 排放物控制装置exhaust hose 排放管exhaust manifold (发动机)排气歧管exhaust sytem 排气系统exhaust tube 放气管exhaust valve 排气门exhaust valve timing 排气门定时expander oil rail 油环衬簧expansion box 膨胀盒expansion core 蒸发器芯expansion valve body 阀体extension case 外接壳体external projection 外部突出物external surface 外表面external view 外观图extreme idle screw 极限怠速调整螺钉factory plate model 厂牌型号fan 风扇fan belt 风扇皮带fan & viscous drive 风扇及硅油离合器fast idle cam 快怠速凸轮fast idle cam link 快怠速凸轮连杆fast idle cam second step 快怠速凸轮第二阶段fast idle cam setting index 快怠速凸轮调整刻度fast idle mode 快怠速状态fast idle screw 快怠速调整螺钉fast idle speed 快怠速转速federal motor vehicles safety standards 美国联邦机动车安全标准feeling test 感觉试验fiducial marks 基准标记filament lamp 白炽灯filler neck seal 加水口密封filler opening 进油口filling-in procedure 填写规程filling-in procedure for each item 每一项目的填写规程filter 滤清器,滤网filter characteristics 滤波特性filtering 滤波fire extinguisher 灭火器fire truck 消防车fitting, flow control valve 流量控制阀接头fix shaft 定位轴flange 法兰flash point 闪点flasher, hazard lamp 危险报警闪光器flexible disk 软盘float 浮子float level 浮筒油面高度float pin 浮子轴floating coat 中涂floor damper 地板风门flow control valve 流量控制阀fluid container 液体容器fluid torque converter 液力变扭器fluorescent surface 荧光面flying wheel 飞轮fog lamp 雾灯fog lamp relay 雾灯继电器fog lamp switch 雾灯开关foil thickness 箔厚folded seat 折叠椅folding seat 折叠式座椅foot angle quadrant 小腿夹角量角器fork 拨叉formalin 福尔马林forward-opening inner door 内门前开型four-stroke cycle 四行程引擎four-wheel drive motor vehicle 四轮驱动的机动车four-wheeled 四轮frame 车架frame and body 车架及车身friction clutch 摩擦离合器from evaporator drier 自蒸发器from heater core 出加热器from receiver drier 自贮液干燥器from water jacket intake manifold 自进气歧管水套front axle 前桥front axle assy. 前桥总成front axle motor 前桥挂档马达front bearing 前轴承front bearing retainer 前轴承盖front bearing, front output shaft 前输出轴前轴承front bearing, input shaft 输入轴前轴承front bearing, output shaft 输出轴前轴承front brake disc 前制动盘front brake disc assy. 前制动盘总成front case 前壳体front case of vacuum booster 助力器前壳体front coil spring 前螺旋弹簧front combined lamps 前组合灯front disk braker 前盘式制动器front edge 前边缘front end of shield 发电机前端盖front engine front drive f.f.式车辆front engine rear drive f.r.式车辆front fan 前风扇front fog lamp 前雾灯front front axle 前前桥front opening 出油口front output shaft 前输出轴front output shaft gear 前输出轴齿轮front overhang 前悬front panel 前板front pinion bearing 前主动齿轮轴承front port 前接口front propeller shaft 前传动轴front propeller shaft assy. 前传动轴总成front shock absorber 前减震器front stabilizer 前稳定杆front suspension 前悬吊front thrust plate 前配流盘front transfer 车辆转移台front tube failure 前管路失效状态front wall angle cover 前围角板front washer pump 前洗涤器泵front washer reservoir 前风挡洗涤器储液罐front wheel 前轮,前壳体front wheel alignment 前轮定位front wheel brake 前轮制动器front windshield 前风窗front wiper motor 前刮水器电动机front-end outline marker lamps 前端示廓灯fuel 燃料fuel direct 燃油走向fuel filter 集滤器fuel filter housing 燃油滤清器壳体fuel filter paper 燃油滤清器滤纸fuel gauge 燃油表fuel gauge calibration 燃油表电阻fuel injection device 燃料喷射装置fuel level indicator 机油压力表fuel pump 然油泵fuel resistance 耐油性fuel sensor 燃油(箱)传感器fuel sensor harness 燃油传感器线束fuel supply system 供油系fuel system 燃料系fuel system of motor vehicles whose fuel is high-pressure gas 以高压气体作为燃料的机动车燃料系fuel system of motor vehicles whose fuel is producer gas 以发生炉煤气作为燃料的机动车燃料系fuel tank 燃料箱fule metering bar 计量杆full circle 大循环full flow dilution 全流稀释full trailer 全挂车full-hydraulic type 全液力式full-trailer 全挂车fully-loaded 全负荷fuse 熔断器fuse panel 熔断器板garbage truck 垃圾车gas container 气体容器gas sample 样气gas turbine 燃气轮机gasket 节温器密封垫,衬垫gasket cylinder head cover 气门室罩垫gasket, intake manifold 进气歧管衬垫gasket, liftgate handle 举升门手柄垫片gasoline 汽油gasoline fueled motor vehicle 汽油机动车gathering heat cover-tcv system tcv 系统集热罩gear , counter shaft fifth 五档中间齿轮gear end clearance, plastic gauge 齿轮端部间隙,塑料间隙规gear hub 齿毂gear range 档位级别gear ratio 速比gear to body clearance(radial) 齿轮到壳体间隙(径向)gear, 4wd 四轮驱动齿轮gear, annulus 齿圈gear, low shift 抵挡齿轮gear, rear axle diff. 半轴齿轮gear, sleeve 齿套gear-change lever 变速杆gears 档位general comments 概述general construction 通用结构general provisions 通用规则general provisions 一般规定generator 发电机glazing 车窗glove box lamp 杂物箱灯goods-loading accommodation 载货装置governor type 调节器式gravimeter 重力计gross vehicle weight 车辆总重ground clearance 离地间隙ground-contact section and contact pressure 接地部位及接地压力grouped lamp 组合灯grouped, combined or reciprocally incorporated lamps 组合、复合或混合灯光组。
发动机参数翻译
Engine Speeed-RPM发动机转数(每分钟)Gross Power Output-BHP(KW)总输出功率Torque-ib-ft(N`m)扭矩Fan Power with 11℉(38℃)Radiator-HP (KW)散热器风扇功率With 125℉(52℃) Radiator-HP (KW)Nominal Rail Pressure-PSI(KPa)表面轨压力???Intake Manifold Pressure-in.Hg(mm Hg)进气歧管压力Brake Mean Effective Pressure-PSI(KPa)制动平均有效压力Piston Speed-ft/min(m/s)活塞速度Friction horsepower-HP(KW)摩擦功率Intake Air Flow –CFM(L/S)进气流量Exhaust Gas Flow-Dry Manifold-CFM(L/S)排气流量(干燥歧管)-Wet Manifold-CFM(L/S)Exhaust Gas Temperature - Dry Manifold-℉(℃)废气温度-Wet Manifold-℉(℃)Heat Rejection to Ambient-Dry Manifold-BTU/min.(KW)散到周围的热量-Wet Manifold-BTU/min.(KW)Heat Rejection to Coolant--Dry Manifold-BTU/min.(KW)冷却系统散热量-Wet Manifold-BTU/min.(KW)Engine Water Flow-U.S.GPM(L/s)发动机水流量Cooling Fan Air Flow with 100℉(38℃)Radiator-CFM(L/s)冷却风扇气with 125℉(52℃)Radiator-CFM(L/s)。
汽车专业英语全文翻译
汽车工程专业英语全文翻译一当今的汽车一般都由15000 多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。
这些零部件主要分为四类:车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。
Body:车身Engine:发动机Brakes:制动器Power train :传动系Steering:转向系Electrical:电器及电子设备Suspension:悬架Layout of a passenger car:乘用车总布置Layout of a commercial vehicle :商用车总布置1.1 车身汽车车身是由车窗、车门、发动机罩和行李箱盖焊接在金属板外壳发动机发动机作为动力装置。
最常见的发动机气缸的排列方式称为发动机配置。
直列式发动机的汽缸呈一列布置。
这个设计创造了一个简单的发动机缸体铸造。
在车辆应用中,汽缸数一般是2-6 缸,汽缸中心线与水平面垂直。
当汽缸数增多时,发动机尺寸和曲轴就成为一个问题。
解决这个问题的办法就是采用V 形(汽缸呈两列布置,且两列气缸之间夹角为V 形)发动机。
这个设计使发动机尺寸和曲轴都变得更短且更坚硬。
前置发动机纵向安装,既可前轮驱动也可后轮驱动。
后置发动机是将发动机安装在后轮后面。
发动机可横置或纵置,一般情况下为后轮驱动。
1.4 电气系统电气系统为起动机、点火系统、照明灯具、取暖器提供电能。
该电平由一个充电电路维护。
1.4.1 充电充电系统为所有汽车电子元件提供电能。
充电系统主要包括:蓄电池,交流发电机,电压调节器,即通常是交流发电机上不可或缺的,充电警告或指示灯和金属丝连成一个完整电路。
蓄电池为起动提供电能 ,然后发动机工作,交流发电机就为所有的电子元件提供电能。
同时也给蓄电池充电即用来使发动机起动。
电压调节器有过充保护作用。
1.4.2 起动起动系统包括:蓄电池、电缆、起动机、飞轮和换向器。
起动时,有两个动作同时运行,该起动机齿轮与飞轮齿圈啮合,并起动电机,然后运行传输到发动机曲轴。
起动机电机将起动机安装在发动机缸体上并由电池供电。
汽车发动机专业英语单词
abrasive 磨料accessory 附属品albeit 虽然aldehyde 乙醛allowance 公差alternator 交流发动机alternator 交流发电机amendment修正amperage 电流强度amplify 增强anchor 抛锚armature 电枢as such 照这样assembly 总成、装配assembly 装配atomization 雾化automatic transmission 自动变速器ballast 镇流电子barometric 气压的batch 成批bauxite 铅土矿bearing 轴承benzene 苯bevel gear 锥齿轮binding 结合bleed 通气孔blow-by 渗漏bolt 螺栓bond 结合booster 助力器bore 孔brakeshoe 制动蹄cage 保持架caliper 制动钳cam 凸轮camshaft 凸轮轴canister 碳罐capacitor 电容器carbonmonoxide 一氧化物carburetor 化油器cargo 货物caster主销后倾catalyst 催化剂catalytic 催化的category 种类、类型cater 适合centrifugal 真空提前centrifugal 离心的centrifugal 离心的CFC 氯碳氟化合物chassis 底盘chock 阻风门circulate 循环clutch 离合器coincide 与一致collapse 倒塌、故障combat 反对commitment 保证compartment 室compensate 补偿compensation 补偿、修正compression 压缩computerise 计算机化conductor 导体connectingrod 连杆contact breaker points 断电器触点contemporary 当代的coolant 冷却剂coolant 冷却剂counterpart 副本countershaft 中间轴couple 连接器、配合crankshaft 曲轴culminate 达到极点cylinder 气缸degradatiou 降低depot 仓库depression 降低、衰减derive 获得detonation 爆燃differential 差速器dioxide 二氧化物disaphragm膜片disc 圆盘disc brake 盘式制动器discharge 放电disconnect 拆开dismantle 拆除dispense 废除distributor 分配器、配电盘divert转移double-hinged joint 双铰链式万向节driveability 操纵性能drum 鼓drum brake 鼓制动器dwell 开启时间、停顿electrode 电极electromagnet 电磁electromechanical 机电的electron 电子elevate 抬高enact 颁布engage 啮合entail 需求equalizer 平衡装置evolve 开展exhaust 排出expertise 专长fade 衰退fangled 流行的far-sighted 有眼光feedback 反馈final drive 主减速器flexible joint 万向节flux 磁通量fore 前面forthcoming 未来的frustration 挫败furnish 供给gearwheel 齿轮groove 凸槽gummy 粘性的Halleffect 霍尔效应harmony 和谐hazardous 危险的hinge 铰链hire purchase 分期付款买hood 罩horn 喇叭hydraulic 液压hydraulic system 液压系统hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物idle 怠速ignition 点燃ignition coil 点火线圈impact 碰撞影响impedance 电阻impetus 动力incorporate 结合induce 诱发induction 引入injection 喷射inlet valve 进气阀intermediate 媒介物jet 喷嘴latch 只动销legacy 遗产lining 衬片lubricant 润滑油lubrication 润滑magnitude 幅度mandatory 强制性的manifold 歧管manoeuvre 机动master cylinder 主缸mentor 教练mesh 啮合modulator 调节器momocoquebody 无骨架式车身monocoque硬壳式结构monoxide 一氧化物motorize 使机动化multiplication 增大nozzle 喷油器occupant 占有者、乘员oil filter 机油滤清器oilpump 机油泵opt 选择outsrip 优于oxide 氧化物oxides of nitrogen 氮氧化物pad 垫片pan 盘。
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纯汉语 基本定义 内燃机是利用气缸内燃料燃烧产生的热能来工作的发动机。 可燃物质进入气缸与残留在缸内的废弃混合形成混合气体燃料。 根据可燃混合气体的形成以及燃烧情况,这些运用在现代筑路机械、建筑机械、汽车行业的发动机可分为汽油机与柴油机。涡轮机将是一个新的发展方向。 汽油机的混合燃料是在气缸外的汽化器中混合然后进入气缸,由特殊电火花点火器点燃。 柴油机的燃料由喷嘴注入并在气缸内混合,挡在气缸内收到强大的压强与热空气作用时,燃料自燃。基于这一点,柴油机又叫做压燃机。 汽油机是旋转式发动机,它把燃料在燃烧室燃烧所产生的热能转化成机械能,汽油机是由压油机、燃料供给机、带喷嘴的燃烧室以及气体涡轮机所组成的综合体。到目前为止,由于汽油机内气体温度过高,使得它不能在汽车行业得到广泛应用。 为了让发动机能够持续稳定的运转,一系列将热能转化为机械能的运动在有规律的循环着,这些完整的循环被叫做发动机的工作周期。 发动机的工作周期在气缸内活塞发生一定次数的往复运动后完成。活塞在气缸内的一次冲击称为冲程,发动机的工作周期需要四个冲程的叫做四冲程发动机,需要两个冲程的叫做二冲程发动机。所有的汽油机和柴油机都是四冲程或二冲程的。 发动机内燃室的气缸直径是衡量发动机功率和重量的重要参数。 活塞与曲轴达到最大距离的位置叫做上止点(TDC),活塞与曲轴最近时叫做下死点(BDC)。活塞在死点位置时速度为零并且将改变运动方向。 上止点与下死点之间的距离为活塞的冲程,活塞完成一个冲程曲轴转过半周(180°),二冲程发动机中曲轴转过两周。 当活塞处于下死点时,活塞上面的容积称为全容积Va,上止点上面的空间称为燃烧室,它的容积为燃烧室容积Vc,全容积与燃烧室容积之差称为工作容积Vh:Vh=Va-Vc 换句话说,工作容积就是活塞从上止点到下死点扫过的容积。 全容积与燃烧室容积之比称为压缩比ε: 压缩比反映了进入气缸的气体在经过活塞向上运动的压缩冲程后减少的量。 7、四冲程发动机 现在的大部分内燃机都是四冲程的。根据依次发生的运动,四冲程可分为吸气冲程,压缩冲程,膨胀冲程和排气冲程。 让我们从基本的单缸汽油机来解释这些冲程。 吸气冲程:进气口打开,活塞从TDC移动到BDC过程中,活塞上方空气变稀薄。一般发动机在0.7-0.95 kg/cm2不等。由于气缸外与气缸内压强不同,混合燃料从气缸外移入气缸内。 进入气缸内的气体温度升至80-130℃。发动机运转时,燃料因气缸壁温度较高以及与缸内残留废气的混合而升温,吸气冲程燃料混合越多,燃烧室转化的热量越多,发动机的功率就越大。 压缩冲程:在吸气冲程后期,所有气口关闭,曲轴继续转动,活塞从BDC推至TDC,加大气缸内混合气体压强。在压缩冲程后期,混合气体温度升至130℃左右,压强增值6-9kg/cm2.压缩冲程后期气缸压强主要由压缩比确定,压缩比越大,混合气体温度与压强越大,混合燃料将迅速燃烧,燃料燃烧时产生的热能越大。因此大的压缩比提高了发动机的功率与效率。然而过大的压缩比会使混合燃料发生自燃。 设定压缩比上限的另一个原因是汽油机发动机的爆炸,压缩比过大使燃料太快燃烧,压缩比为20-30 m/sec,燃烧速度为2000-3000 m/sec时,将会发生爆炸,突然产生的压强对发动机的伤害很大。 现在用的发动机压缩比一般为4.5-7.5,运用特殊燃料时可适当增大压缩比。 膨胀冲程:当活塞向上运动到最后,压缩气体被电火花点燃,各气口关闭。燃料产生巨大热量,气体的温度与压强迅速增大,压强把活塞推向BDC,活塞把它的运动通过连杆传递给曲柄,气体在膨胀过程中做有用功,这就是为什么这个冲程被叫做做功冲程。 在膨胀冲程中,气体最大压强从 30-40 kg/cm2降到4-5 kg/cm2,燃烧时气体最高温度为1800-2000℃。 排气冲程:排气门打开,活塞从下止点到上止点使废气从气缸内排出。排气冲程末期,这些气体的温度下降到700-800℃。由于排气管的限制,气缸内压力略高于大气压(1.05-1.1 kg/cm2)。排气结束后一定数量的废气留在气缸内。 如上所述,有必要限制用提高压缩比的方式来增加汽油机的效率。然而,在柴油机工作循环中,可获得相当大的增加压缩比。 和汽油机完全不同的是,柴油机在吸气冲程中之吸入纯净的空气。 在压缩冲程的气缸中的空气被压缩的更深入。压缩比瞬间变化为15-20。在结束压缩时压力达到30-40 kg/cm2,或者更大。空气的温度在压缩下不低于500-550℃,膨胀冲程初期,活塞在上止点附近,燃料借助专用泵通过喷嘴高压注入压缩室。 注入的燃料在接触热空气后点燃,气缸内压力上升到60-100 kg/cm2。一段时间(越15-20%的活塞从上止点运动到下止点)内燃料继续注入燃烧,因此,在气缸的压力仍然或多或少不变。然后下降,就像在汽油机中一样。 排气冲程和汽油机不同,高的压缩比使燃料产生的能量得以更有效的利用。使得柴油机的燃料消耗比汽油机低了30%。 由机械喷雾形成混合燃料及在压缩过程中产生的高温保证燃料能够迅速彻底的燃烧。这一点对于柴油机来说比较困难。 这些现象产生的相互影响就是节能,这是柴油机的一个显著特点。 柴油机不可忽视的缺点有: (a)、混合燃料形成时的困难,限制了燃料混合所需的时间。 (b)、由于燃料混合的速度较低,所以柴油机想要和汽油机有相同的功率,就必须有一个大的气缸,这样就增加了发动机的重量。 (c)、发动机的重量增加了它的惯性负荷,消耗了材料,加大了气缸直径,反过来又限制了速度。 (d)、发动机难以启动。 改良后的柴油机被广泛应用在筑路机械、建筑机械以及牵引车中。 从发动机的设计以及工作过程我们可以知道,单缸四冲程发动机没有飞轮不会工作,在膨胀气体作用下曲轴只转动了半周,余下的一个半周必须在飞轮的作用下完成。 飞轮安装在曲轴上,发动机运转时,飞轮不是匀速转动,在膨胀冲程中飞轮加速转动,惯性运动时飞轮减速转动。 同样的,单缸发动机在动力上不会有太大的突破。因为燃烧多的燃料需要增大气缸与活塞直径,增加了用于平衡惯性所消耗的燃料值。由于这个原因,现在的发动机缸数都不少于两个,常常是四缸或者六缸,有少量是八缸和十二缸。 多缸发动机的任意缸都发生着和单缸一样的一系列运动,但是每个缸中的膨胀冲程并不是同时发生的。例如在四缸冲程发动机中,曲轴每转动半周,有一个缸发生膨胀冲程,六缸发动机中每2/3周一次,八缸发动机中每1/4周一次。发动机的缸数越多,它工作时越平稳。 8、二冲程发动机 在二冲程发动机中,发动机工作周期所包含的四个进程将在两个冲程中完成,例如曲轴转动一周就可完成。它有以下优点: (a)、理论上和四冲程发动机有相同的容积的二冲程发动机,可提供二倍于四冲程发动机的能量。 (b)、由于膨胀过程发生的频率是四冲程的两倍,发动机的运转就更加平稳了。 发动机提供一个直接参与工作进程的气密曲轴箱,气缸壁上的进气口8与排气口9让燃料进出气缸。换气口由于活塞3的往复运动关闭或打开。 第一个冲程时,曲轴6与连杆5使活塞从BDC运动到TDC,活塞下方的曲轴箱内空气变稀薄,燃料通过吸气口由气化器进入。同时活塞上方残留的废气被增压,冲程后期,燃料被电喷嘴1点火点燃。 第二个冲程做功。膨胀气体推动活塞从TDC运动到BDC,冲程开始时进气口关闭,冲程结束时排气口打开,通过排气口气体被排除到大气层。活塞的进一步运动将打开换气口4,由于活塞位置越来越低,通过换气口注入的混合燃料被挤出曲轴箱进入活塞上方,为气缸内下一次循环做准备。 发动机由于它的简单设计而显得更加与众不同,然而没有被换气口排净的废气以及排气时一同排出的新燃料,大大增加了燃料消耗,因此达不到预期的两倍功率。 由于这个原因,二冲程汽油机只被应用在便宜的小体积的小功率发动机设备中,比如摩托车和一些拖拉机的启动装置。 柴油机很少有换气口,这是因为残留在气缸内的大量废气大大减少了发动机功率,以至于柴油机就没有什么优点了。 现在的高速二冲程发动机,比如MA3-200号柴油机,通过特殊的换气装置来进行换气,这种把气体从气缸内排出的系统称为单向换气。这种二冲程柴油机构造如图26b。 曲轴转动第一个半周的时间内,活塞从BDC移动到TDC,活塞移动过程中,换气口4和排气口11打开。空气在1.2-1.4 kg/cm2的压强下由专用泵10和排气口4排入气缸,气体都由换气阀排出,气缸内气体被净化的同时气缸又被新鲜空气充满。 当活塞进一步向TDC运动时,换气口与排气阀关闭,气体被压缩,在接近TDC的时候,燃料由泵吸入,在高温高压的空气中被喷嘴点燃,然后压强迅速增大,与此同时燃料被持续吸入一段时间。第二个半周期,由于曲轴运动使活塞向BDC运动,产生膨胀冲程,气缸内压强明显降低。 当活塞靠近BDC时,排气阀打开,废气由于自身压强被排出,导致压强急剧下降,与此同时换气口打开,气缸内充满空气,然后活塞继续向TDC移动。 9、主要特点以及发展趋势 内燃机有比较高的效率(18-37%)和经济效益。发动机的经济效益显示发动机的燃料,消费,以及发动机的有效功率。 汽油机的燃料消耗在额定220-270g/hp/hr,柴油机约为155-220g/hp/hr。 图表展示发动机的主要特点为功率,扭矩,燃料消耗。 发动机安装在大多数施工机械比如筑路机械、运输机械,内设有调速器,限制发动机转速,使扭矩和燃油消耗达到一个最佳的组合。这保证发动机的稳定运转功率接近在最大限度。所有因素都影响发动机的工作状态。 除了特定的燃料消耗,发动机也具有特定的重量。 表5说明了安装在卡车,拖拉机,建筑和筑路机械的内燃机的一些特点。从表中可以看出,汽油机一般都有一个最小的比重,柴油机有比较小的能源消耗。 内燃机的发展遵循着减轻重量和尺寸,并提高效率,功率,可靠性,以及生活服务的原则。 这将按照以下方式完成: