英语翻译应该注意的问题

长难句分析

第一部分单句分析

1、长难句拆分原则：

把主句和从句拆分出来，

把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。

2、五个拆分信号：

①连词：并列句的并列连词and，or，but，yet，for；从句的从属连词which，that，when，if等。

②介词：引导介词短语，充当修饰语。

③不定式符号to：引导不定式做主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语和补语。

④分词：过去分词和现在分词充当修饰语。

⑤标点符号：或显或隐隔离主干

——两个逗号或破折号形成插入语、破折号解释说明、分号两句并列。

插入语

插入语通常是说话者对所表达意思的一种补充、强调、解释或者是说话人的一种态度。它的位置比较灵活，常常会用逗号或者破折号和其他部分隔开，但是在语法上不会影响其他成分。例1 _____the more expensive the camera，the better its quality.

A. General speaking

B. Speaking general

C. Generally speaking

D. Speaking generally

小结：许多分词短语可以用作插入语，这样的分词短语有：strictly speaking（严格地说），generally considering（一般认为），judging from……（根据……判断）等。

例2 Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ____，neither of them could swim. A. In fact B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Naturally

小结：常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有：indeed（的确），surely（无疑），frankly（坦率地说），obviously（显然），naturally（天然地），luckily for sb.（算某人幸运），fortunately （幸好），briefly（简单地说）等。

例3 Your performance in the driving test didn.t reach the required standard，_____，you failed.

A. in the end

B. after all

C. in other words

D. at the same time

小结：常用作插入语的介词短语有：in conclusion（总之），in a word（简而言之），in short （简而言之），in general（一般说来），in a sense（在某种意义上），in my view（在我看来），in his opinion（按照他的看法），in fact（事实上），at first（首先），in addition（此外），of course（当然），to my surprise（使我惊奇的），to her regret（使她遗憾的），for example （例如）等。

例4 It is so nice to hear from her. _____，we last met more than thirty years ago.

A. What.s more

B. That is to say

C. In other words

D. Believe it or not

小结：用简短的句子结构作插入语，它们常置于句中或句末。这类简短的句子有：I am sure （我可以肯定地说），I believe（我相信），do you know（你知道吗），you see（你明白），I.m afraid（恐怕），it is said（据说），I suppose（我想），what.s more（而且），what.s worse （更糟糕的是），that is（也就是说），what is important（重要的是）等。

（2009）While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. (插入结构)

例句：

Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world.s favorite academic title: the

MBA (Master of Business Administration).

3. 五步拆分步骤：

①隔离插入成分，寻找特殊标点

②寻找连词，确定句子种类——并列句，主从句；

③寻找句中的动词或动词结构

④确定整句框架——标出主句主干部分及从属连词；

⑤确定从句框架——标出从句主谓部分；

**⑥分別翻译——主从句分别进行翻译；

**⑦词句推敲——中文语言进行表述。

注：**部分为翻译要求步骤。

(2001.74 ) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: "It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century."

(1994Text1) Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, argely determines how these goods and services are produced. (33words)

(2007T ext3) Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent—and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance—have jumped eightfold in just one generation.

并列句

(1999.75 ) It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.

(1999.74) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.

(2000) Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications，people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas，while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.

名词性从句：

(2005T extl)Whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

(2011）For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.

(1995.72) How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.