专项讲解宾语从句以及练习题(S)

宾语从句

一. 宾语从句的种类

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。（一）作动词的宾语从句：大多数动词都可以带宾语从句；部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句

He told us that they would help us through the whole work。

I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.

可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句

①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .

I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.

（二）介词的宾语从句，有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.

I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.

（三）作形容词的宾语从句

常见的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised

I am sure I will pass the exam. /I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.

口诀：宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时太关。陈述语序永不变。

二、根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。（宾从三姊妹）

1..that引导：

we knew ( that) we should learn from each other.

2.if/whether引导：

Please tell me if/whethr you have been to America.

3.由5w代词，4w副词引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。(连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how) Do you know who (whom) they are waiting fo r?

He asked whose handwriting was the best.

Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?

二、宾语从句三关：

1.引导词关

如果从句是陈述语序，引导词用that，（that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略）。如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if、wether；如果从句是特殊疑问句；引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词和疑问副词。

（1）we knew ( that) we should learn from each other.

（2）由5w代词，4w副词引导的宾语从句：Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? （3）由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。

I want to know if (whether) he lives there./He asked me whether (if) I could help him.

2．语序关

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。

（1）陈述句变宾语从句，语序不变，仍用陈述语序。

he is an honest boy. The taecher said. → the teacher said (that ) was an honest boy.

(2)一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。

Does he work hard? I wonder. →I wonder if/whether he works hard.

When did he leave? I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.

3、时态关（主现从随，主过从过，主随从现）

（1）如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。

I don’t think (that) you are ri ght.

We want to know where he went to yesterday.

Can you tell me what you will do next Sunday?

（2如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。

He asked what time it was.

He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.

He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

He asked if you had written to Peter.

（3）如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.