中考考点十七 宾语从句

宾语从句 一、直接引语变间接引语 1.人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。 1). ―一随主‖指若直接引语中的主语为第一人称时,变间接引语时应与主句的主语人称一致. She said ―I like playing basketball‖. She said that _____ _____ playing basketball . 2). ―二随宾‖指若直接宾语中的主语为第二人称时,变间接宾语时应与主句的宾语人称一致. She asked Tom ―Can I have a look at your picture‖. She asked Tom if ______ could have a look at ______ picture . 3). ―第三人称不更新‖指若直接宾语中的主语为第三人称时,变间接宾语时人称保持不变. She said to me ―They want to help me‖. She told me that _____ _____ to help me . 2.指示代词，时间、地点状语的变化 直接引语 间接引语

指示代词 this that that those 时间状语

now then today that day this morning that morning three days ago three days before Last week the week before

tomorrow the next / following day next year the next year 地点 状语 here there

动词 come go

二. 宾语从句的考查 宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1.考查宾语从句的语序： 宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序。即 “主语+谓语+…… Do you know when __________? A.does the next train leave B.the next train leaves C.will the next train leave D.the next train will leave 注：若从句时疑问句，但语序不变的有： 1).who在从句中作主语。 Can you tell me _________?(谁将来这儿) 2).what’s wrong / the matter ? He asked what was the matter with me . 3).what happened I don’t know what happened yesterday . 4).which is the way to ….? Can you tell me which is the way to the park ? 2.考查宾语从句的引导词 1).若宾语从句时陈述句时，引导词用that 且that 可省掉。 She said ―I’m gald to see you‖ = She said _____ _____ ______ gald to see me . 2).宾语从句时一般疑问句时，引导词用if 或whether . 一般情况下if /whether 可互换，但后有or not / or 、动词不定式或介词的后面时，只能用whether . He saked me ―Are you going to Wuhan ?‖ = He asked me ______ _____ _____ going to Wuhan. I’m thinking about ______ to go there . A.if B.whether C.that 3).宾语从句时特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词。 Do you know ________? I’m not sure ,Maybe he is a businessman . A.who he is B.who is he C.what he does D.what does he do 4).若宾语从句肯定祈使句时，改为ask /tell sb to do sth .若为否定祈使句，改为ask /tell sb not to sth .―Don’t open the door‖ The teacher said . = The teacher told me _____ ____ ___ the door . 3.宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。 Can you tell me _________? He is a doctor . A.what is he B.what he was C.what he is D.what was he 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。 He asked _____ .A.what time it is B.what time is it C.what time it was D.what time was it He told me that he ______ for the sports meet. A.is preparing B.was preparing C.will prepare D.has prepared 注：1) 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。 Our teacher said that January_____(be) the first month of the year. Our teacher said that the earth ___(go) around the sun. 2).若主句为could you …..?表示请求客气的语气，从句的时态仍然不变。 Could you tell me _______? A.what he was doing B.what was he doing C.what he is doing D.what is he doing 4.if /when 引导状语从句和宾语从句这两种从句。从句的时态的确定。

if When if/when从句的时态 条件/时间状语从句 如果、假如 当…的时候 一般现在时

宾语从句 是否 什么时候 一般将来时 Can you guess if they___ to play football with us ? I think they will come if they ____free. A. come , are B. will come , will be C. will come , are D. come , will be Can you tell me when he____here tomorrow ? When he _____ here , please call me . A. comes , comes B. will come , will come C. will come ,comes D. comes, will come 5.宾语从句的简化： 1).宾语从句是陈述句时，且主、从句的主语一致，可简化为“动词+ to do sth‖. 2).宾语从句是疑问句时，且主、从句的主语一致，或从句的主语与主句的宾语一致。可简化为“疑问词+ to do sth‖. I don’t know what I should do next . I don’t know ____ ____ _____ next . Could you tell me how I can get there ? Could you tell me ____ ____ _____ there ? John didn’t decide which shirt he would buy . John didn’t decide _____ ____ _____ _____ . 3).hear / see / find + that + 从句 ，可改为“hear / see / find + sb (要用宾格) + doing sth‖. I heard that they were singing in the next room.= I heard _____ _____ in the next room . We found that she was playing with the cat under the tree . We found _____ _____ with the cat under the tree. 练习： ( )1.Alice wanted to know ____ her grandma liked the dog. A. that B. if C. which D. what ( )2.Can you tell us ____ ? A. where have you gone B. where have you gone C. where you have been D. where have you been ( )3.Do you still remember ____ ? A. that he said B. what he said C. did he say that D. what did he say ( )4.The weather here changes very often and we can’t tell ____ it will be like tomorrow. A. that B. how C. what D. whether ( )5.—What did the scientist say? --He said he wondered if ____into space by spaceship one day. A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly ( )6.Do you know___from Wuhan to Xi’an ? A. how far it is B. how far is it C. how long it is D. how long is it ( )7.Could you tell me ____? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in ( )8.—Is the lake there beautiful? -– This photo will show you ____. A. how does it look like B. what does it look likeC. how it looks like D. what it looks like ( )9. I don’t know ____ bought the present for me. Is it Jack? A. which B. who C. whose D. what ( )10.Could you show us ____ a bike ? A. how to mend B. what to buy C. where to go D. how many to buy ( )11.I don’t know ____ Jane was late for school this morning. A. who B. what C. whom D. why ( )12.—Do you remember ____ he came? --Yes, I do. He came by car. A. that B. if C. how D. when ( )13.Mike said he ___ a cold for a few days. A. has caught B. had caught C. has had D. had had ( )14.I don’t know if he ____ here. If he ____, I’ll tell you. A. will come, comes B. comes, will come C. comes , comes D. will come, will come ( )15.Could you tell me ____ best? A. which one you like B.which one do you like C. do you like which one D.you like which one ( )16.The teacher told the children that the earth ____ around the sun. A. moves B. moved C. had moved D. was moving ( )17.Nobody knows which factory _____. A. does he work B. he works C. does he work in D. he works in ( )18.He said that no one knew ___ with him. A. what is the matter B. what was the matter C. what the matter is D. what the matter was ( )19.I’m interested in _____ or not he is coming. A. whether B. if C. when D. why ( )20.I’m sorry that I ____ you were here. A. didn’t know B. don’t knowC. won’t know D. can’t know 二、句型转换。 1. ―Do you want to try it?‖ Tom's mother asked him.(同义句)→ Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ ______ to try it.