9正反翻译法
正反转换法(2)
一．增词法 二．重复法 三．省略法 四．词类转换法 五．正反转换法 六．熟语翻译
七．词语的搭配
Wet paint!
湿的油漆！ 油漆未干！
Leave my paper alone.
把我的论文单独放。 别动我的文稿。
I hear everything. 我听见每件事。 什么事都瞒不过我。
五、正反转换法
3.
正、反均可
There is no rule that has no exception. 没有不例外的规则 （任何规则都有例外。） It is impossible but that a man will make some mistakes. 人不会不犯错误。 （人总会犯错误。）
1.
2.
3. 4.
5.
6.
Slips are scarcely avoidable when you’re new to your work. The meetings were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up. His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident. That city and the areas around it are an ice-free port and a nuclear-weapon-free zone. Traveling alone, she was sitting still in the corner of the carriage. His lack of consideration for the feelings of others angered everyone present.
翻译技巧之正译与反译
A NEW COURSEBOOK ON ENGLISH-CHINESE TRANSLATION
第六章 翻译技巧之 正译与反译
翻译技巧之正译与反译
1
I. Definition of Negation and Affirmation
Negation: with no, not never, non-,un-,im-, in-, ir-,-less 不、没、无、未、别、休、莫、非、 毋、勿
翻译技巧之正译与反译
22
7) A dog in the manger. 占着茅坑不拉屎。
8) He who has a mind to beat his dog will easily find his stick. 欲加之罪，何患无辞。
翻译技巧之正译与反译
23
Private. 闲人莫入。 Keep upright. 切勿倒置。 Wet paint. 油漆未干。 Urban clearway. 市区通道，不准停车。
英语为肯定式，汉语译作否定式 形式: 不是由否定词缀构成，是肯定式； 意义:含有否定意义或近似否定意义 词义:它们大多数是某些词的反义词，通过长期的历史演变，这
些曾完全作为反义词用的词义又引申出其它否定的词义。 “含蓄否定词”(implicit negative word)， “暗指否定词”。
他不慌不忙地从信封里抽出信纸打开来。
翻译技巧之正译与反译
19
6．连接词及其短语
1) I’ll do it now before I forget it. 我趁着还没有忘记的时候就做吧。
2) Life may well turn out to be the true, rather than exception. 很可能生命是普遍存在的，而不是一种例外， 这一点很可能得到证实。
正反译法
long enough to prove its success as a venture. 这所新大学开办的时间不长，还不足以证明这个
尝试是成功的。
2. 在否定谓语动词时，汉语中否定词通常 只能置于谓语动词之前；而英语中可以用 not来否定谓语动词，也可以用no来否定主 语、宾语等成分（或构成的复合词），其 意义不变。例如：
正反、反正表达法
As some linguists have pointed out, every language has its peculiarities in negation. And there are significant, though often neglected, differences between English and Chinese in negation—both in the way of thinking and in the mode of speaking.
4.英语宾语从句中否定词可以前：在表意念、 推测、臆想的句子中，谓语动词为think, believe, suppose, fancy, expect, imagine, reckon, guess等句中如此。
×I think you are not right.
∨I don’t think you are right.
3.在否定判断句中，not与“不”用法相似，都是 对“是”加以否定。
四六级英汉互译中的正反反正表达法详解
在英汉互译过程中，由于两种语言表达习惯不同，往往需要把英语中的正说译成汉语中的反说，把英语中的反说译成汉语中的正说，或反之，这样才能确切表达原意并符合语言的规范。
这种把正说处理为反说，把反说处理为正说的译法，叫正反、反正表达法。
这种正说和反说的相互转换是翻译技巧中的一个重要方法。
它属于引申和修辞范围。
那么，什么是正说和反说呢？英语词句中含有“never”，“no”，“not”，“non-”，“un-”，“im-”，“in-”，“ir-”，“-less”等成分以及汉语词句中含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“非”、“毋”、“勿”等成分的为反说，不含有这些成分的为正说。
正说和反说包括的词类范围很广，不仅包括动词、形容词、副词、名词、介词和连词，而且包括各种词组，短语和从句。
现以实例对正反、反正表达法加以说明。
一、英译汉正说反译法在不少情况下，由于有的词语含有特殊意义，如不从反面着笔，译文就不通，这时必须反说。
例如：）“I have read your articles．I expect to meet an old man．”我读过你的文章，没想到你这样年轻。
”（动词））He was absent from his own country last year．他去年不在自己的国家。
（形容词短语））He dived into the water fully clothed and rescued the children．他衣服没脱就跳入水中，把孩子救了上来。
（副词））He was extremely sorry for the shortness of time．他对时间不足感到十分抱歉。
（名词））I do think that it is beyond his power to fulfill the task．我的确认为要完成这项任务是他力所不及的。
（介词））The lecture was interesting，but as far as I am concerned the speaker was speaking over my head．这讲座很有趣，但对我来说，讲座太深了，听不懂。
09英汉翻译-3翻译技巧-正反译法
They never see each other without talking about Super Girl's Voice.
The County Party Committee there is ignorant of conditions at the lower lever.
home. 别客气/别见外＝随便些
He will not fail to come. 他不会不来 ＝ 他一定会来 Exact Fare Only/ Please Tender Exact Fare 恕不找零。
We must claim extraordinary insight for Hegel.
我们不能不说（必须承认），黑格儿具有非凡的洞察 力。
We never see each other without talking about sports first.
每次见面我们总是先谈论体育运动。（没有哪一次见 面不是先谈体育）
反译优于不反译
He went into that insecure building. 他走进那所不安全的大楼（未反译） 他走进那所危楼。（反译）
从过去的某一时间点向后算起时，常用下列结构…
But we are getting ahead of the story.
可我们已说到故事的后面去了。
方位：
一桥飞驾南北
A bridge will fly to span the north and south
转战南北 Fight north and south
The beauty of the scenery passes all power of description.
Chapter 9 Negation(反译法)
• • • •
4. 前置词 1) This problem is above me. 这问题我不懂(我解决不了)。 2) It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. • 他无权签订这种合同。 • 3) These planes were held back to protect enemy’s home islands instead of being used where they badly needed.
• • • • •
2. 副词 。 2) A: The boy is quite clever. B: Exactly. 甲：这孩子很聪明。 乙：一点不错。
• 3) The subversion attempts proved predictably futile. • 不出所料，颠覆活动证明毫无效果。
• • • •
3. 形容词 1) He’s not stupid, merely ignorant. 他并不愚笨，仅仅是无知而已。 2) It would be most disastrous if even a rumor of it were given out.
• 甚至只要有一点点风声漏出去，结果就不 堪设想。
• 3) Within minutes the men came racing in with the two jeeps. They were all excited, so now I had to put on the calm act to prevent my worry from spreading. • 几分钟后， 那些人乘着两辆吉普车回来了。
• 双方认为，那和平建议是一个他们可以接 受而不失体面的建议。
Lecture 9 Affirmation and Negation
9.4 正反译法的作用
正反译法是一个很有用的翻译技巧，虽然说 法变了，意思保持不变。之所以要改变，主 要是由于词语之间的关系、句式的变化、习 惯表达等方面的因素。“正话反说，反话正 说”是提高译文水平的有效方法之一。
A. 肯定译否定，更能传神达意 例1：In the high altitude snow and ice remain all the year. 【译文】海拔高的地方，冰雪常年不化。 例2：The explanation is pretty thin. 【译文】这个解释很不详细。 例3：Slips are scarcely avoidable when you’re new to your work. 【译文】工作没有经验，出点差错，在所难免。
反说/否定：英语中带no, not, none, nothing, nowhere, nobody, never, neither, nor等否定 词，或non-, un-, im-, in-, ir-, dis-, non-, less等否定词缀的词句， 汉语中含有“不” 、“没有”、“无”、“非”、“未”、“ 否”、“休”、“勿”、“别”、“莫”、 “毋”等成分的词句。 正说/肯定：英汉语中不含这些成分的词句。
练习
1．She was refused admittance by them. 【译文】他们不让她进去。 2．His noble deeds are above all praise. 【译文】他的高尚行为是赞扬不尽的。 3．The mistake escaped me. 【译文】我没注意到这个错误。 4．The truth is quite other than what you think. （other than = not, anything but） 【译文】事实真相与你想的完全不同。
正反译法-negation(课件)
• 不是两种物质都溶于水。
4. 形式否定
否定词与其他词连用形成一种固定结构，其形式上是 否定的，但语义上表示对事物的否定达到极端程度， 接近于否定的否定，实际上是肯定的意思。常见的 有”nothing like（没有什么比得上…）， cannot…too（越……越好,再...也不过分）”，。 “cannot…too”的结构可以有变体，如 cannot可 改为 be impossible, not可用 scarcely, hardly, never等代替。
along with the scheme.
• 她可能是最不同意这项计划的人。 • 2）That’s the last thing I’d expect
you to do.
• 那是我最不愿意你去做的事情。
• 7. 表示否定的特殊表达结构 • More than • １）The beauty of this city is more
创造，也没有能量能被消灭。
• （正）能量转换的实验说明能量既不能
创造，也不能消灭。
3. 部分否定
• 部分否定主要由all, every, both, always等含
全体意义的词与否定词构成，这类否定句中的否 定词not有时与谓语在一起，构成谓语否定。形 式上很像全部否定，但实际上是部分否定。在这 种部分否定句中，因词序与汉语很不相同，汉译 时稍一不慎就会造成差错，这类句子中不论 not 在什么地方，通常都译为“不全是”、“不总 是”、“并非都”、“未必都”等。
• 再困难的任务，我们也能完成。
• 6. 含蓄否定
• 英语里有些词或词组形式上是肯定的，但意义往往 是否定的，由这类词或词组表达的否定称为含蓄否 定或意义否定。汉译时，一定要把否定的意义明确 译出。
正翻译法final).ppt
She is no fool. 她很精明。 He has no small chance of success. 他极可能成功。 This material does not wear out. 这种料子很耐穿。
None but the aged and the sick stayed at home. 只有老人和病号留在家里。 [否定词no或 none跟 but连用表强势的结构，常译成肯 定式“只有”。] The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him amid his tribulation. 在苦难中，回归故土的念头始终在他心头萦绕。 His speech leaves nothing to be desired. 他的演讲好极了。
He failed to ring me up. 他没给我打电话。 I hate to the trouble others. 我不愿麻烦别人。 Some of the leaned deigned to interest themselves in mechanical arts. 一些学者不屑于钻研机械。 Asia was passed over by the industrial revolution. 工业革命没有光顾亚洲。
证件翻译
正反/反正译法
1）表达习惯/ 正说反译
Wet Paint! 油漆未干！
Admission by Invitation Only!
非请勿入！
Keep Upright!
切勿倒置 ！ Agreeable Sweetness
正说反译反说正译法
正说反译法〔动词〕
• The minister has denied these allegations
• 部长不成认这些指控。 • Permission to enter was denied. • 不准入内。 • I was denied the chance of going to
university. • 我得不到上大学的时机。
• Negation 在语法与翻译两个不同的学科 Negation 在语法与翻译两个不同的学科中含义不同。
The letter failed to arrive.
中含义不同。 她那心不在焉的神情，并不是因为茶话会
A young clerk new to the job Disapproval---反对，责难 The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt.
完全否认，局部否认，双重否认等。 He is often absent-minded.
正说反译、反说正译法
• 1、正说反译法〔动词〕 • 2、正说反译法〔形容词〕
• 3、正说反译法〔名词〕 • 4、正说反译法〔虚词〕 • 5、正说反译法〔短语〕
正说反பைடு நூலகம்法〔动词〕
• 含否认意义动词可反译fail,miss, lack,ignore,refuse,withhold,refrain,deny, overlook,exclude,neglect等
• His secretary failed to tell him about it. • 他的秘书没有告诉他。
正说反译法〔动词〕
• They excluded children from getting in.
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9正反翻译法 正反翻译法 B 练习一 （1）If the weather holds a couple of days, the team of the explorers will set off. 假如天气三两天里保持不变，探险队就出发。 (2) The Foreign Minister doubted the desirability of a negotiation to be held at this time. 外交部长认为此时举行谈判并无必要。 (3) John dived into the water fully clothed and rescued the old lady. 约翰没有脱衣服就跳入水中并救出了那个老太太。 (4) The soldiers would rather fight to death before they surrendered. 战士们宁愿战斗到死而决不投降。 (5) While trade is good, money is very tight at present. 尽管生意不错，但目前资金仍然十分紧张。 (6) The rocket traveling in space is free from the earth’s gravity. 在太空飞行的火箭不受地球引力的控制。 (7) In the event of any contingencies beyond our control, we shall not be held responsible for the late delivery of the goods. 如果发生我们无法控制的意外事故，我方对迟交货物不负责任。 (8) Cowards die many times before their death; the valiant never taste of death but once. 怕死鬼还没死就死了许多次，而勇敢者只死一回。 (9) In the absence of a settlement through negotiation, the case under dispute can be submitted to arbitration. 如通过谈判找不到解决办法，争执之事可提交仲裁。 (10) While he liked her work, he pointed out areas where improvement was possible. 尽管他喜欢她的作品，但还是指出了其不足之处。 练习二 (1)Students, with no exception, are to hand in their papers tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午，学生全都要交论文。 (2) We are not completely satisfied with your manner of doing business. 贵方做生意的态度有待改进。 (3) After the ship unloads at the dock, the goods will go to the container freight station. 船在码头卸货后，货物将送往集装箱货运站。 (4) The doubt was still unsolved after her repeated explanations. 虽经她一再解释，疑团仍然存在。 (5) Their undisguised effort to persecute the leaders of opposition party met with nationwide condemnation. 他们对反对党人露骨的迫害行径受到全国各地的谴责。 (6) There is nothing like jogging as a means of exercise. 慢跑是锻炼身体最好的办法。 (7) The system of gas supply in the town leaves nothing to be desired. 这个城镇的煤气供应系统十分完善。 (8) Suddenly he heard a sound behind him, and realized he was not alone in the garage. 他突然听见背后有声响，便立刻意识到车库里还有别人。 (9) The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him then. 那时归国的念头一直在他心中萦绕。 (10) Th e significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us. 这件事引起了我们的重视。 T 练习一 1) Galileo recognized the problem, but failed to solve it. 伽利略认识到这个问题，但是没能加以解决。 2）They refused us admittance. 他们不让我们进去。 3）The world today is far from peaceful. 今天的世界还很不安宁。 4）His explanation is far from satisfactory. 他的解释不能让人满意。 5）Gases have neither size nor shape. 气体既无形状又无大小。 6）Eclipses are not seen in every part of the world. 不是所有的地方都能看到日食的。 7）But this does not happen often. 这种情况并不经常发生。 8) As a result, no rational decision-making process is really complete without optimization. 因此要是不作最优化处理的话，任何决策过程都不会是真正完全合理的。（双重否定） 9) No other material in the history of the world has been used for so many different purposes. 世界历史上任何别的材料都没有塑料的用途多。 10) It is beyond your right to sign such a contract. 你无权签定这样的合同。 11) His conduct is above reproach. 他的行为无可指责。 12)There is nothing like mineral water to quench one's thirst. 矿泉水是解渴的最佳饮料。 13）The valley land was deep and rich, but the foothills wore only a skin of topsoil no deeper than the grass roots. 河谷的泥土厚而肥沃，但是山脚的土层却薄得只够扎住草根。 14) 游击队员宁愿战死，也不投降。 The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered. 15) 到年底再下结论。 Don't make any decision before the end of the year. 16) 他75岁了，可是并不显老。 He was 75, but he carried his years lightly. 17) 他的话最为激励人。 His words can’t be more inspiring. 18) 这篇论文经得起推敲。 The paper can stand criticizing. 练习二Passage translation April 22 brought the last turning point in Hitler’s road to turn. From early morning until 3 P.M. he had been on the telephone, as he had been the day before, trying to find out from the various command posts how the Steiner counterattack was going. No one knew. General Koller’s planes could not locate it, nor could the ground commanders, though it was supposed to be rolling only two or three miles south of the capital. Not even Steiner, though he existed, could be found, let alone his army. The blowup came at the daily military conferences in the bunker at 3 P.M. Hitler angrily demanded news Steiner. Neither Keitel nor Jodl nor anyone else had any. But the generals had other news. The withdrawal of troops from the north or Berlin to support Steiner had so weakened the front there that the