主谓一致常见考点

主谓一致常见考点

主谓一致是历年高考题必考的考点之一，也是英语学习过程中较难把握的知识点。高考对它的考查主要分布在语法填空和短文改错，并涉及动词时态和语态、定语从句和倒装等方面的内容。考生在掌握主谓一致基本用法的同时，要特别注意语言内容一致的原则。

考点一：单一主语的主谓一致

1.有些集体名词，如：people, police, cattle等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。另一些集体名词，如：family, class, crew, team, group, public, audience, government, committee等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据主语所指的意义而定。如果其表示的是整体就用单数谓语动词，如果其表示的是其中的个体就用复数谓语动词。例如：

①The police have caught the thief.

②The class consists of twenty – five boys and twenty three girls.

③The class are having an English lesson now.

④With the problem of pollution getting more serious, the government _________ (is) searching for a way to deal with it.

2.表示时间、距离、金额、重量、计量、空间、体积等意义的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。例如:

①Ten years stands for a long period in one’s life.

②Ten kilos is much too heavy for a boy of five years old.

③A survey of the opinions of experts __________ (show) that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ________ (be) good for one’s health.

3.在一些短语，如many a 或more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，尽管意义上是复数，但其谓语动词还是用单数形式。例如;

①Many a student has that kind of opportunity.

②More than one person has known the news.

③It is reported that many a new house ______________ (build) at present in the disaster area.

4.the number of …(…的数量)作主语时，谓语动词用单数；

a number of … (…的总数)作主语时，谓语动词用复数；

quantities of …作主语时，不管名词是不可数名词还是可数名词的复数，谓语动词均用复数形式；

the rest of …作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词。

①The number of students participating in the singing contest __________ (be) 150, but a number of them ________ (have) been disqualified（淘汰）from it

②The rest of the students ________ (be) watering trees..

③——Why does the lake smell terrible/

——Because large quantities of water _________________ (pollute).

5.当分数、百分数后面加名词或代词时，要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。

The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third ________ (be) used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.

6.不定代词（all, none, any, some等）如果修饰不可数名词或单数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果修饰复数名词，谓语动词用复数。

All we need ___________ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.

考点二：并列主语的主谓一致

1.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般根据语法一致原则使用复数。但如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:

① A young man and a girl want to go with us.

② A poet and artist is coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow.

③ A needle and thread was found on the floor.

2.由and连接的并列短语是单数，前面有every, each等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。但each放在由and连接的并列单数主语后面，修饰复数概念的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

①Each boy and each girl __________ (have) been invited to the tea-party.

②The boy and the girl each ________(have) their own toys.

3.由or, either…or, neither … nor, not only … but also…等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词采用“就近原则”，同样遵循这个原则的还有there be 句型。例如：

Either you or one of your students ________ (be) to attend the meeting tomorrow.

4.当主语有with, along with, together with, as well as, but, except, besides, in addition to, out of, like, unlike, including, rather than等词连接时，谓语动词的单复数按“就前原则”处理。例如：

①The teacher, with all his students, _______ (be) going to have a picnic this weekend.

②The basketball coach, as well as his team, ________ (be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.

考点三：其他情况的主谓一致

1.不定式、动名词和名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。其中，what引导的主语从句作主语时，如果所指的内容为复数意义，谓语可用复数形式。例如：

①Persuading him to join us seems really hard.

②What they need in that area are doctors and nurses.

2.倒装句中的谓语动词要与后面的主语保持一致，例如：

①Between the two buildings stands a monument.

②——Is everyone here?

——Not yet. Look, there ________ (come) the rest of our guests!

3.在“one of +复数名词+who / that / which”引导的定语从句中，关系代词who / that / which 的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,因此，从句中的谓语动词应该用复数形式。但当one前有the, the only修饰时，关系代词的先行词是one,而不是靠近它的复数名词，此时，从句中的谓语动词应该用单数形式。例如：

①This is one of the best films that have been shown this year.

②He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.