完整word版,人教版高中英语必修一Unit1语法知识

Grammar

Direct and In direct Speech I 直接引语和间接引语(I)

直接引语(direct speech):直接引用别人的话，把它放在引号内。 间接引语(indirect speech):用自己的话转述别人的话。

1. 转述他人的陈述T 陈述句 She said , "I ' m going to Beijing. ” She

said that she was going to Beiji ng.

2. 转述他人的疑问T 一般疑问句 He asked, “ Are you a doctor? ” He asked me if/whether I was a doctor.

3.

转述他人的问题T 特殊疑问句 She asked, “What are you

doing? She asked me what I was doing. 直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化 陈述句

用连词that 引导，that 在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的 said,也可用told

来代替,注意,可以说 said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that, 不可直接说 told that 。

He said, " I have bee n to Japa n. ” He said to us that he had bee n to Japa n. She said, "I ' II give you an exam tomorrow. ”

She told us that she would give us an exam tomorrow. 陈述句解题步骤： Sarah said to her friends that

(I don ' t like computers.)

Sarah said to her friends that she did n

间接引语用连词 whether 或if 引导，原 主句中谓语动词 said 要改为asked (me/him/us 等),语序是陈述句的语序

Tom said, “ Do you have any difficulty with En glish? ” Tom asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with En glish. He said, “ You are in terested in En glish, aren ' t you?” He asked whether I was in terested in En glish. 一般疑问句解题步骤：

Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? (They asked him )

It is easy to improve the con diti on of the soil.

I don ' t like computers, Sarah said to her friends. She didn ' t

t like computers.

般疑问句

They asked him if (it is easy to improve the con diti on of the soil.)

Asked is was

They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.

特殊疑问句

原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask (sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。

He said to me, “ Where are you from? ”

He asked me where I was from.

He asked us, “ How many factories are

there in your country? ”

He asked us how many factories there

were in our coun try.

特殊疑问句解题步骤:

When do you harvest the wheat?

(They asked him )

They asked him When you harvest the wheat

(you harvest the wheat.)

he

■* Harvested

They asked him whe n he harvested the wheat.

选择疑问句

用whether…。厂…表达(不用if/either…。厂…) He asked, “ Do you speak English or Chinese?” He asked me whether I spoke En glish or Chin ese.

I asked, “Will you take a bus or on foot? ”

I asked him whether he would take a bus or on foot.

谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：

1. 直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. ”

The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

2. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变。

The childre n said, “ We love this game.”

The childre n told us that they love that game.

3. 主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。

She says, “ I' ll never forget the days in the country. ”

She says that she' II never forget the days in the country